APFS volume creation can still fail with Permission denied after preparing the raw and block device aliases because newfs_apfs performs privileged APFS container and volume operations beyond opening the device nodes.
Route APFS formatting through the elevated CoreService path for non-root macOS runs. Keep the elevated interface narrow by sending only the target device and invoking user UID/GID, validate the device path on the privileged side, rebuild the formatter arguments there, and execute /sbin/newfs_apfs by absolute path to avoid PATH shadowing.
Pass -U/-G so the created filesystem preserves the invoking user ownership. Apply the same path to GUI and text-mode creation.
