Major restructuring to switch build system from old scripts to GNU Automake.
This commit is contained in:
Andrew Wood
@@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
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.TH PV 1 "August 2023" Linux "User Manuals"
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.SH NAME
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pv \- monitor the progress of data through a pipe
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B pv
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[\fIOPTION\fR]
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[\fIFILE\fR]...
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.br
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.B pv
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[\fI\-h\fR|\fI\-V\fR]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B pv
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shows the progress of data through a pipeline by giving information such as
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time elapsed, percentage completed (with progress bar), current throughput
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rate, total data transferred, and ETA.
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To use it, insert it in a pipeline between two processes, with the
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appropriate options. Its standard input will be passed through to its
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standard output and progress will be shown on standard error.
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.B pv
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will copy each supplied
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.B FILE
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in turn to standard output
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.BR "" "(" -
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means standard input), or if no
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.BR FILE s
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are specified just standard input is copied. This is the same behaviour
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as
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.BR cat (1).
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A simple example to watch how quickly a file is transferred using
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.BR nc (1):
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.RS
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.B pv file | nc -w 1 somewhere.com 3000
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.RE
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A similar example, transferring a file from another process and passing the
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expected size to
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.BR pv :
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.RS
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.B cat file | pv -s 12345 | nc -w 1 somewhere.com 3000
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.RE
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A more complicated example using numeric output to feed into the
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.BR dialog (1)
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program for a full-screen progress display:
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.RS
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.B (tar cf - . \e
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.br
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.B " | pv -n -s $(du -sb . | awk '{print $1}') \e"
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.br
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.B " | gzip -9 > out.tgz) 2>&1 \e"
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.br
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.B | dialog --gauge 'Progress' 7 70
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.RE
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Taking an image of a disk, skipping errors:
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.RS
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.B pv -EE /dev/your/disk/device > disk-image.img
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.RE
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Writing an image back to a disk:
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.RS
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.B pv disk-image.img > /dev/your/disk/device
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.RE
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Zeroing a disk:
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.RS
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.B pv < /dev/zero > /dev/your/disk/device
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.RE
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Note that if the input size cannot be calculated, and the output is a block
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device, then the size of the block device will be used and
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.B pv
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will automatically stop at that size as if
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.B \-S
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had been given.
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(Linux only): Watching file descriptor 3 opened by another process 1234:
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.RS
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.B pv -d 1234:3
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.RE
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(Linux only): Watching all file descriptors used by process 1234:
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.RS
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.B pv -d 1234
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.RE
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.SH OPTIONS
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.B pv
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takes many options, which are divided into display switches, output
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modifiers, and general options.
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.SH DISPLAY SWITCHES
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If no display switches are specified,
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.B pv
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behaves as if
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.BR \-p ", " \-t ", " \-e ", " \-r ", and " \-b
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had been given (i.e. everything except average rate is switched on).
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Otherwise, only those display types that are explicitly switched on will be
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shown.
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.TP
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.B \-p, \-\-progress
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Turn the progress bar on. If standard input is not a file and no
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size was given (with the
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.B \-s
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modifier), the progress bar cannot indicate how close to completion the
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transfer is, so it will just move left and right to indicate that data is
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moving.
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.TP
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.B \-t, \-\-timer
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Turn the timer on. This will display the total elapsed time that
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.B pv
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has been running for.
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.TP
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.B \-e, \-\-eta
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Turn the ETA timer on. This will attempt to guess, based on current
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transfer rates and the total data size, how long it will be before
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completion. This option will have no effect if the total data size cannot
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be determined.
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.TP
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.B \-I, \-\-fineta
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Turn the ETA timer on, but display the estimated local time of arrival
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instead of time left. When the estimated time is more than 6 hours in the
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future, the date is shown as well.
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.TP
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.B \-r, \-\-rate
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Turn the rate counter on. This will display the current rate of data
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transfer.
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.TP
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.B \-a, \-\-average\-rate
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Turn the average rate counter on. This will display the current average
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rate of data transfer (default: last 30s, see --average-rate-window).
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.TP
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.B \-b, \-\-bytes
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Turn the total byte counter on. This will display the total amount of
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data transferred so far.
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.TP
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.B \-8, \-\-bits
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Display the total bits instead of the total bytes. The output suffix will
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be "b" instead of "B".
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.TP
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.B \-T, \-\-buffer\-percent
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Turn on the transfer buffer percentage display. This will show the
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percentage of the transfer buffer in use - but see the caveat under
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.B %T
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in the
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.B FORMATTING
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section below. Implies
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.BR \-C .
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.TP
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.B \-A, \-\-last\-written NUM
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Show the last
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.B NUM
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bytes written - but see the caveat under
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.B %nA
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in the
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.B FORMATTING
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section below. Implies
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.BR \-C .
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.TP
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.B \-F, \-\-format FORMAT
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Ignore the options
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.BR \-p ,
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.BR \-t ,
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.BR \-e ,
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.BR \-r ,
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.BR \-a ,
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.BR \-b ,
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.BR \-T ,
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and
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.BR \-A ,
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and instead use the format string
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.B FORMAT
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to determine the output format. See the
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.B FORMATTING
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section below.
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.TP
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.B \-n, \-\-numeric
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Numeric output. Instead of giving a visual indication of progress,
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.B pv
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will give an integer percentage, one per line, on standard error, suitable
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for piping (via convoluted redirection) into
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.BR dialog (1).
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Note that
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.B \-f
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is not required if
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.B \-n
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is being used.
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.TP
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.B ""
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Note that if
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.B \-\-numeric
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is in use, then adding
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.B \-\-bytes
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will cause the number of bytes processed so far to be output instead of a
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percentage; if
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.B \-\-line\-mode
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is also in use as well as
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.B \-\-bytes
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and
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.BR \-\-numeric ,
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then instead of bytes or a percentage, the number of lines
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so far is output. And finally, if
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.B \-\-timer
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is added to
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.BR \-\-numeric ,
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then each output line is prefixed with the elapsed time
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so far, as a decimal number of seconds.
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.TP
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.B \-q, \-\-quiet
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No output. Useful if the
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.B \-L
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option is being used on its own to just limit the transfer rate of a pipe.
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.SH OUTPUT MODIFIERS
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.TP
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.B \-W, \-\-wait
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Wait until the first byte has been transferred before showing any progress
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information or calculating any ETAs. Useful if the program you are piping to
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or from requires extra information before it starts, eg piping data into
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.BR gpg (1)
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or
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.BR mcrypt (1)
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which require a passphrase before data can be processed.
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.TP
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.B \-D, \-\-delay-start SEC
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Wait until
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.B SEC
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seconds have passed before showing any progress information, for example in
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a script where you only want to show a progress bar if it starts taking a
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long time. Note that this can be a decimal such as 0.5.
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.TP
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.B \-s SIZE, \-\-size SIZE
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Assume the total amount of data to be transferred is
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.B SIZE
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bytes when calculating percentages and ETAs. The same suffixes of "k", "m"
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etc can be used as with
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.BR -L .
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.TP
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.B ""
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If
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.B SIZE
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starts with
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.BR "@" ,
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the size of file whose name follows the
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.B @
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will be used.
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.TP
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.B ""
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Note that
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.B \-\-size
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has no effect if used with
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.B -d PID
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to watch all file descriptors of a process, but will work with
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.BR "-d PID:FD" .
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.TP
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.B \-l, \-\-line\-mode
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Instead of counting bytes, count lines (newline characters). The progress
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bar will only move when a new line is found, and the value passed to the
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.B \-s
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option will be interpreted as a line count. Note that file sizes are not
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automatically calculated when this option is used, to avoid having to read
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all files twice.
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.TP
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.B \-0, \-\-null
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Count lines as null terminated. This option implies \-\-line\-mode.
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.TP
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.B \-i SEC, \-\-interval SEC
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Wait
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.B SEC
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seconds between updates. The default is to update every second.
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Note that this can be a decimal such as 0.1.
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.TP
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.B \-m SEC, \-\-average-rate-window SEC
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Compute current average rate over a
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.B SEC
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seconds window for average rate and ETA calculations (default 30s).
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.TP
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.B \-w WIDTH, \-\-width WIDTH
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Assume the terminal is
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.B WIDTH
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characters wide, instead of trying to work it out (or assuming 80 if it
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cannot be guessed).
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.TP
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.B \-H HEIGHT, \-\-height HEIGHT
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Assume the terminal is
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.B HEIGHT
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rows high, instead of trying to work it out (or assuming 25 if it
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cannot be guessed).
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.TP
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.B \-N NAME, \-\-name NAME
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Prefix the output information with
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.BR NAME .
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Useful in conjunction with
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.B \-c
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if you have a complicated pipeline and you want to be able to tell different
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parts of it apart.
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.TP
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.B \-f, \-\-force
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Force output. Normally,
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.B pv
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will not output any visual display if standard error is not a terminal.
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This option forces it to do so.
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.TP
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.B \-c, \-\-cursor
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Use cursor positioning escape sequences instead of just using carriage
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returns. This is useful in conjunction with
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.B \-N
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(name) if you are using multiple
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.B pv
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invocations in a single, long, pipeline.
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.SH DATA TRANSFER MODIFIERS
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.TP
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.B \-L RATE, \-\-rate-limit RATE
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Limit the transfer to a maximum of
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.B RATE
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bytes per second. A suffix of "K", "M", "G", or "T" can be added to denote
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kibibytes (*1024), mebibytes, and so on.
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.TP
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.B \-B BYTES, \-\-buffer-size BYTES
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Use a transfer buffer size of
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.B BYTES
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bytes. A suffix of "K", "M", "G", or "T" can be added to denote
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kibibytes (*1024), mebibytes, and so on. The default buffer size is the
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block size of the input file's filesystem multiplied by 32 (512KiB max), or
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400KiB if the block size cannot be determined. This can be useful on
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platforms like MacOS which perform better in pipelines with specific buffer
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sizes such as 1024. Implies
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.BR \-C .
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.TP
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.B \-C, \-\-no-splice
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Never use
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.BR splice (2),
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even if it would normally be possible. The
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.BR splice (2)
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system call is a more efficient way of transferring data from or to a pipe
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than regular
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.BR read (2)
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and
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.BR write (2),
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but means that the transfer buffer may not be used. This prevents
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.B \-A
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and
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.B \-T
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from working, and makes
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.B \-B
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redundant, so using
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.BR \-A ,
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.BR \-T ,
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or
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.B \-B
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automatically switches on
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.BR \-C .
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Switching on
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.B \-C
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results in a small loss of transfer efficiency.
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(This option has no effect on systems where
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.BR splice (2)
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is unavailable).
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||||
.TP
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||||
.B \-E, \-\-skip-errors
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Ignore read errors by attempting to skip past the offending sections. The
|
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corresponding parts of the output will be null bytes. At first only a few
|
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bytes will be skipped, but if there are many errors in a row then the skips
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will move up to chunks of 512. This is intended to be similar to
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.B dd conv=sync,noerror
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but has not been as thoroughly tested.
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.TP
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||||
.B ""
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||||
Specify
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||||
.B \-E
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||||
twice to only report a read error once per file, instead of reporting each
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byte range skipped.
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||||
.TP
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||||
.B \-S, \-\-stop-at-size
|
||||
If a size was specified with
|
||||
.BR \-s ,
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||||
stop transferring data once that many bytes have been written, instead of
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||||
continuing to the end of input.
|
||||
.TP
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||||
.B \-Y, \-\-sync
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||||
After every write operation, synchronise the buffer caches to disk - see
|
||||
.BR fdatasync (2).
|
||||
This has no effect when the output is a pipe. Using
|
||||
.B \-Y
|
||||
may improve the accuracy of the progress bar when writing to a slow disk.
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||||
.TP
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||||
.B \-K, \-\-direct-io
|
||||
Set the
|
||||
.I O_DIRECT
|
||||
flag on all inputs and outputs, if it is available. This will minimise
|
||||
the effect of caches, at the cost of performance. Due to memory alignment
|
||||
requirements, it also may cause read or write failures with an error of
|
||||
"Invalid argument", especially if reading and writing files across a variety
|
||||
of filesystems in a single
|
||||
.B pv
|
||||
call. Use this option with caution.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B \-d PID[:FD], \-\-watchfd PID[:FD]
|
||||
Instead of transferring data, watch file descriptor
|
||||
.B FD
|
||||
of process
|
||||
.BR PID ,
|
||||
and show its progress. The
|
||||
.B pv
|
||||
process will exit when
|
||||
.B FD
|
||||
either changes to a different file, changes read/write mode, or is closed;
|
||||
other data transfer modifiers - and remote control - may not be used with
|
||||
this option.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B ""
|
||||
If only a
|
||||
.B PID
|
||||
is specified, then that process will be watched, and all regular files and
|
||||
block devices it opens will be shown with a progress bar. The
|
||||
.B pv
|
||||
process will exit when process
|
||||
.B PID
|
||||
exits.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B \-R PID, \-\-remote PID
|
||||
If
|
||||
.B PID
|
||||
is an instance of
|
||||
.B pv
|
||||
that is already running,
|
||||
.B \-R PID
|
||||
will cause that instance to act as though it had been given
|
||||
this instance's command line instead. For example, if
|
||||
.B pv -L 123K
|
||||
is running with process ID 9876, then running
|
||||
.B pv -R 9876 -L 321K
|
||||
will cause it to start using a rate limit of 321KiB instead of 123KiB.
|
||||
Note that some options cannot be changed while running, such as
|
||||
.BR \-c ,
|
||||
.BR \-l ,
|
||||
.BR \-f ,
|
||||
.BR \-D ,
|
||||
.BR \-E ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR \-S .
|
||||
|
||||
.SH GENERAL OPTIONS
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B \-P FILE, \-\-pidfile FILE
|
||||
Save the process ID of
|
||||
.B pv
|
||||
in
|
||||
.BR FILE .
|
||||
The file will be replaced if it already exists, and will be removed when
|
||||
.B pv
|
||||
exits. While
|
||||
.B pv
|
||||
is running, it will contain a single number - the process ID of
|
||||
.B pv
|
||||
- followed by a newline.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B \-h, \-\-help
|
||||
Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B \-V, \-\-version
|
||||
Print version information on standard output and exit successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.SH FORMATTING
|
||||
If the
|
||||
.B \-F
|
||||
option is given, then the output format is determined by the given format
|
||||
string. Within that string, the following sequences can be used:
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B %p
|
||||
Progress bar.
|
||||
Expands to fill the remaining space. Should only be specified once.
|
||||
Equivalent to
|
||||
.BR \-p .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B %t
|
||||
Elapsed time. Equivalent to
|
||||
.BR \-t .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B %e
|
||||
ETA as time remaining. Equivalent to
|
||||
.BR \-e .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B %I
|
||||
ETA as local time of completion. Equivalent to
|
||||
.BR \-I .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B %r
|
||||
Current data transfer rate. Equivalent to
|
||||
.BR \-r .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B %a
|
||||
Average data transfer rate. Equivalent to
|
||||
.BR \-a .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B %b
|
||||
Bytes transferred so far (or lines if
|
||||
.B \-l
|
||||
was specified). Equivalent to
|
||||
.BR \-b .
|
||||
If
|
||||
.B \-\-bits
|
||||
was specified,
|
||||
.B %b
|
||||
shows the bits transferred so far, not bytes.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B %T
|
||||
Percentage of the transfer buffer in use. Equivalent to
|
||||
.BR \-T .
|
||||
Shows "{----}" if the transfer is being done with
|
||||
.BR splice (2),
|
||||
since splicing to or from pipes does not use the buffer.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B %nA
|
||||
Show the last
|
||||
.B n
|
||||
bytes written (e.g.
|
||||
.B %16A
|
||||
for the last 16 bytes).
|
||||
Shows only dots if the transfer is being done with
|
||||
.BR splice (2),
|
||||
since splicing to or from pipes does not use the buffer.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B %N
|
||||
Name prefix given by
|
||||
.BR -N .
|
||||
Padded to 9 characters with spaces, and suffixed with :.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B %%
|
||||
A single %.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
The format string equivalent of turning on all display switches is
|
||||
.BR "\`%N %b %T %t %r %a %p %e'" .
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.SH COMMON SWITCHES
|
||||
Some suggested common switch combinations:
|
||||
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B pv -ptebar
|
||||
Show a progress bar, elapsed time, estimated completion time, byte counter,
|
||||
average rate, and current rate.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B pv -betlap
|
||||
Show a progress bar, elapsed time, estimated completion time, line counter,
|
||||
and average rate, counting lines instead of bytes.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B pv -t
|
||||
Show only the elapsed time - useful as a simple timer, e.g.
|
||||
.BR "sleep 10m | pv -t" .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B pv -pterb
|
||||
The default behaviour: progress bar, elapsed time, estimated completion
|
||||
time, current rate, and byte counter.
|
||||
|
||||
.P
|
||||
On MacOS, it may be useful to specify
|
||||
.B -B 1024
|
||||
in a pipeline, as this may improve performance.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.SH EXIT STATUS
|
||||
An exit status of 1 indicates a problem with the
|
||||
.B \-R
|
||||
or
|
||||
.B \-P
|
||||
options.
|
||||
|
||||
Any other exit status is a bitmask of the following:
|
||||
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B 2
|
||||
One or more files could not be accessed,
|
||||
.BR stat (2)ed,
|
||||
or opened.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B 4
|
||||
An input file was the same as the output file.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B 8
|
||||
Internal error with closing a file or moving to the next file.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B 16
|
||||
There was an error while transferring data from one or more input files.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B 32
|
||||
A signal was caught that caused an early exit.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B 64
|
||||
Memory allocation failed.
|
||||
|
||||
.P
|
||||
A zero exit status indicates no problems.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.SH AUTHOR
|
||||
Written by Andrew Wood, with patches submitted by various other people.
|
||||
Please see the package's ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS file for a complete list of
|
||||
contributors.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.SH KNOWN PROBLEMS
|
||||
The following problems are known to exist in
|
||||
.BR pv :
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B *
|
||||
In some versions of
|
||||
.BR bash (1)
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR zsh (1),
|
||||
the construct
|
||||
.B <(pv filename)
|
||||
will not output any progress to the terminal when run from an interactive
|
||||
shell, due to the subprocess being run in a separate process group from the
|
||||
one that owns the terminal. In these cases, use
|
||||
.BR \-\-force .
|
||||
.P
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B *
|
||||
The
|
||||
.B -c
|
||||
option does not work properly on Cygwin without
|
||||
.B cygserver
|
||||
running, if started near the bottom of the screen (IPC is needed to handle
|
||||
the terminal scrolling). To fix this, start
|
||||
.B cygserver
|
||||
before using
|
||||
.BR "pv -c" .
|
||||
.P
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B *
|
||||
The
|
||||
.B -R
|
||||
option is not available on Cygwin without
|
||||
.B cygserver
|
||||
running (SYSV IPC is needed). To fix this, start
|
||||
.B cygserver
|
||||
before running the instance of
|
||||
.B pv
|
||||
you want, at runtime, to change the parameters of.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
If you find any other problems, please report them.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.SH REPORTING BUGS
|
||||
Report bugs in
|
||||
.B pv
|
||||
to pv@ivarch.com or use the contact form linked from the
|
||||
.B pv
|
||||
home page: <http://www.ivarch.com/programs/pv.shtml>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||||
.BR cat (1),
|
||||
.BR dialog (1),
|
||||
.BR splice (2),
|
||||
.BR open (2)
|
||||
(for
|
||||
.IR O_DIRECT )
|
||||
|
||||
.SH LICENSE
|
||||
This is free software, distributed under the ARTISTIC 2.0 license.
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user