diff --git a/kmod/src/client.c b/kmod/src/client.c
index 5c6a30de..642a0c5d 100644
--- a/kmod/src/client.c
+++ b/kmod/src/client.c
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ static int client_lock_response(struct super_block *sb,
 				void *resp, unsigned int resp_len,
 				int error, void *data)
 {
-	if (resp_len != sizeof(struct scoutfs_net_lock_grant_response))
+	if (resp_len != sizeof(struct scoutfs_net_lock))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/* XXX error? */
diff --git a/kmod/src/dir.h b/kmod/src/dir.h
index 1f3bd44c..b9aa5415 100644
--- a/kmod/src/dir.h
+++ b/kmod/src/dir.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ struct scoutfs_link_backref_entry {
 	u64 dir_pos;
 	u16 name_len;
 	struct scoutfs_dirent dent;
-	/* the full name is allocated and stored in dent.name[0] */
+	/* the full name is allocated and stored in dent.name[] */
 };
 
 int scoutfs_dir_get_backref_path(struct super_block *sb, u64 ino, u64 dir_ino,
diff --git a/kmod/src/forest.c b/kmod/src/forest.c
index c967c15a..9047c223 100644
--- a/kmod/src/forest.c
+++ b/kmod/src/forest.c
@@ -276,7 +276,6 @@ int scoutfs_forest_read_items(struct super_block *sb,
 	scoutfs_inc_counter(sb, forest_read_items);
 	calc_bloom_nrs(&bloom, &lock->start);
 
-	roots = lock->roots;
 retry:
 	ret = scoutfs_client_get_roots(sb, &roots);
 	if (ret)
@@ -349,15 +348,9 @@ retry:
 	ret = 0;
 out:
 	if (ret == -ESTALE) {
-		if (memcmp(&prev_refs, &refs, sizeof(refs)) == 0) {
-			ret = -EIO;
-			goto out;
-		}
+		if (memcmp(&prev_refs, &refs, sizeof(refs)) == 0)
+			return -EIO;
 		prev_refs = refs;
-
-		ret = scoutfs_client_get_roots(sb, &roots);
-		if (ret)
-			goto out;
 		goto retry;
 	}
 
diff --git a/kmod/src/format.h b/kmod/src/format.h
index 70ea4ded..b67d066d 100644
--- a/kmod/src/format.h
+++ b/kmod/src/format.h
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ struct scoutfs_btree_block {
 	__le16 mid_free_len;
 	__u8 level;
 	__u8 __pad[7];
-	struct scoutfs_btree_item items[0];
+	struct scoutfs_btree_item items[];
 	/* leaf blocks have a fixed size item offset hash table at the end */
 };
 
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ struct scoutfs_alloc_list_block {
 	struct scoutfs_block_ref next;
 	__le32 start;
 	__le32 nr;
-	__le64 blknos[0]; /* naturally aligned for sorting */
+	__le64 blknos[]; /* naturally aligned for sorting */
 };
 
 #define SCOUTFS_ALLOC_LIST_MAX_BLOCKS					      \
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ struct scoutfs_srch_file {
 
 struct scoutfs_srch_parent {
 	struct scoutfs_block_header hdr;
-	struct scoutfs_block_ref refs[0];
+	struct scoutfs_block_ref refs[];
 };
 
 #define SCOUTFS_SRCH_PARENT_REFS				\
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ struct scoutfs_srch_block {
 	struct scoutfs_srch_entry tail;
 	__le32 entry_nr;
 	__le32 entry_bytes;
-	__u8 entries[0];
+	__u8 entries[];
 };
 
 /*
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ struct scoutfs_log_item_value {
 	__le64 vers;
 	__u8 flags;
 	__u8 __pad[7];
-	__u8 data[0];
+	__u8 data[];
 };
 
 /*
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ struct scoutfs_log_item_value {
 struct scoutfs_bloom_block {
 	struct scoutfs_block_header hdr;
 	__le64 total_set;
-	__le64 bits[0];
+	__le64 bits[];
 };
 
 /*
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ struct scoutfs_xattr {
 	__le16 val_len;
 	__u8 name_len;
 	__u8 __pad[5];
-	__u8 name[0];
+	__u8 name[];
 };
 
 
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ struct scoutfs_dirent {
 	__le64 pos;
 	__u8 type;
 	__u8 __pad[7];
-	__u8 name[0];
+	__u8 name[];
 };
 
 #define SCOUTFS_NAME_LEN 255
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ struct scoutfs_net_header {
 	__u8 flags;
 	__u8 error;
 	__u8 __pad[3];
-	__u8 data[0];
+	__u8 data[];
 };
 
 #define SCOUTFS_NET_FLAG_RESPONSE	(1 << 0)
@@ -895,15 +895,10 @@ struct scoutfs_net_lock {
 	__u8 __pad[6];
 };
 
-struct scoutfs_net_lock_grant_response {
-	struct scoutfs_net_lock nl;
-	struct scoutfs_net_roots roots;
-};
-
 struct scoutfs_net_lock_recover {
 	__le16 nr;
 	__u8 __pad[6];
-	struct scoutfs_net_lock locks[0];
+	struct scoutfs_net_lock locks[];
 };
 
 #define SCOUTFS_NET_LOCK_MAX_RECOVER_NR					       \
diff --git a/kmod/src/ioctl.h b/kmod/src/ioctl.h
index ebdc8d6d..5042edfe 100644
--- a/kmod/src/ioctl.h
+++ b/kmod/src/ioctl.h
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ struct scoutfs_ioctl_ino_path_result {
 	__u64 dir_pos;
 	__u16 path_bytes;
 	__u8  _pad[6];
-	__u8  path[0];
+	__u8  path[];
 };
 
 /* Get a single path from the root to the given inode number */
diff --git a/kmod/src/lock.c b/kmod/src/lock.c
index 189af768..10d95507 100644
--- a/kmod/src/lock.c
+++ b/kmod/src/lock.c
@@ -638,7 +638,6 @@ static void lock_grant_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 	struct lock_info *linfo = container_of(work, struct lock_info,
 					       grant_work);
 	struct super_block *sb = linfo->sb;
-	struct scoutfs_net_lock_grant_response *gr;
 	struct scoutfs_net_lock *nl;
 	struct scoutfs_lock *lock;
 	struct scoutfs_lock *tmp;
@@ -648,8 +647,7 @@ static void lock_grant_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 	spin_lock(&linfo->lock);
 
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(lock, tmp, &linfo->grant_list, grant_head) {
-		gr = &lock->grant_resp;
-		nl = &lock->grant_resp.nl;
+		nl = &lock->grant_nl;
 
 		/* wait for reordered invalidation to finish */
 		if (lock->mode != nl->old_mode)
@@ -667,7 +665,6 @@ static void lock_grant_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 		lock->request_pending = 0;
 		lock->mode = nl->new_mode;
 		lock->write_version = le64_to_cpu(nl->write_version);
-		lock->roots = gr->roots;
 
 		if (lock_count_match_exists(nl->new_mode, lock->waiters))
 			extend_grace(sb, lock);
@@ -689,9 +686,8 @@ static void lock_grant_worker(struct work_struct *work)
  * work to process.
  */
 int scoutfs_lock_grant_response(struct super_block *sb,
-				struct scoutfs_net_lock_grant_response *gr)
+				struct scoutfs_net_lock *nl)
 {
-	struct scoutfs_net_lock *nl = &gr->nl;
 	DECLARE_LOCK_INFO(sb, linfo);
 	struct scoutfs_lock *lock;
 
@@ -705,7 +701,7 @@ int scoutfs_lock_grant_response(struct super_block *sb,
 	trace_scoutfs_lock_grant_response(sb, lock);
 	BUG_ON(!lock->request_pending);
 
-	lock->grant_resp = *gr;
+	lock->grant_nl = *nl;
 	list_add_tail(&lock->grant_head, &linfo->grant_list);
 	queue_grant_work(linfo);
 
diff --git a/kmod/src/lock.h b/kmod/src/lock.h
index b447df54..46dcdf96 100644
--- a/kmod/src/lock.h
+++ b/kmod/src/lock.h
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ struct scoutfs_lock {
 	u64 refresh_gen;
 	u64 write_version;
 	u64 dirty_trans_seq;
-	struct scoutfs_net_roots roots;
 	struct list_head lru_head;
 	wait_queue_head_t waitq;
 	ktime_t grace_deadline;
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ struct scoutfs_lock {
 		      invalidate_pending:1;
 
 	struct list_head grant_head;
-	struct scoutfs_net_lock_grant_response grant_resp;
+	struct scoutfs_net_lock grant_nl;
 	struct list_head inv_head;
 	struct scoutfs_net_lock inv_nl;
 	u64 inv_net_id;
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ struct scoutfs_lock_coverage {
 };
 
 int scoutfs_lock_grant_response(struct super_block *sb,
-				struct scoutfs_net_lock_grant_response *gr);
+				struct scoutfs_net_lock *nl);
 int scoutfs_lock_invalidate_request(struct super_block *sb, u64 net_id,
 				    struct scoutfs_net_lock *nl);
 int scoutfs_lock_recover_request(struct super_block *sb, u64 net_id,
diff --git a/kmod/src/lock_server.c b/kmod/src/lock_server.c
index 0e04ac66..a2d96dbf 100644
--- a/kmod/src/lock_server.c
+++ b/kmod/src/lock_server.c
@@ -484,7 +484,6 @@ static int process_waiting_requests(struct super_block *sb,
 				    struct server_lock_node *snode)
 {
 	DECLARE_LOCK_SERVER_INFO(sb, inf);
-	struct scoutfs_net_lock_grant_response gres;
 	struct scoutfs_net_lock nl;
 	struct client_lock_entry *req;
 	struct client_lock_entry *req_tmp;
@@ -547,11 +546,8 @@ static int process_waiting_requests(struct super_block *sb,
 			nl.write_version = cpu_to_le64(wv);
 		}
 
-		gres.nl = nl;
-		scoutfs_server_get_roots(sb, &gres.roots);
-
 		ret = scoutfs_server_lock_response(sb, req->rid,
-						   req->net_id, &gres);
+						   req->net_id, &nl);
 		if (ret)
 			goto out;
 
diff --git a/kmod/src/net.c b/kmod/src/net.c
index b323e20f..9d1fedef 100644
--- a/kmod/src/net.c
+++ b/kmod/src/net.c
@@ -944,7 +944,6 @@ static void scoutfs_net_listen_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 	struct scoutfs_net_connection *acc_conn;
 	DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(waitq);
 	struct socket *acc_sock;
-	LIST_HEAD(conn_list);
 	int ret;
 
 	trace_scoutfs_net_listen_work_enter(sb, 0, 0);
diff --git a/kmod/src/server.c b/kmod/src/server.c
index ce7840bd..6ecd8e85 100644
--- a/kmod/src/server.c
+++ b/kmod/src/server.c
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ int scoutfs_server_apply_commit(struct super_block *sb, int err)
 	return err;
 }
 
-void scoutfs_server_get_roots(struct super_block *sb,
+static void get_roots(struct super_block *sb,
 			      struct scoutfs_net_roots *roots)
 {
 	DECLARE_SERVER_INFO(sb, server);
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ static int server_get_roots(struct super_block *sb,
 		memset(&roots, 0, sizeof(roots));
 		ret = -EINVAL;
 	}  else {
-		scoutfs_server_get_roots(sb, &roots);
+		get_roots(sb, &roots);
 		ret = 0;
 	}
 
@@ -862,13 +862,13 @@ int scoutfs_server_lock_request(struct super_block *sb, u64 rid,
 }
 
 int scoutfs_server_lock_response(struct super_block *sb, u64 rid, u64 id,
-				 struct scoutfs_net_lock_grant_response *gr)
+				 struct scoutfs_net_lock *nl)
 {
 	struct server_info *server = SCOUTFS_SB(sb)->server_info;
 
 	return scoutfs_net_response_node(sb, server->conn, rid,
 					 SCOUTFS_NET_CMD_LOCK, id, 0,
-					 gr, sizeof(*gr));
+					 nl, sizeof(*nl));
 }
 
 static bool invalid_recover(struct scoutfs_net_lock_recover *nlr,
@@ -1551,7 +1551,6 @@ static void scoutfs_server_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 	struct scoutfs_net_connection *conn = NULL;
 	DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(waitq);
 	struct sockaddr_in sin;
-	LIST_HEAD(conn_list);
 	u64 max_vers;
 	int ret;
 
diff --git a/kmod/src/server.h b/kmod/src/server.h
index f528789e..84e25ddb 100644
--- a/kmod/src/server.h
+++ b/kmod/src/server.h
@@ -59,11 +59,9 @@ do {								\
 int scoutfs_server_lock_request(struct super_block *sb, u64 rid,
 				struct scoutfs_net_lock *nl);
 int scoutfs_server_lock_response(struct super_block *sb, u64 rid, u64 id,
-				 struct scoutfs_net_lock_grant_response *gr);
+				 struct scoutfs_net_lock *nl);
 int scoutfs_server_lock_recover_request(struct super_block *sb, u64 rid,
 					struct scoutfs_key *key);
-void scoutfs_server_get_roots(struct super_block *sb,
-			      struct scoutfs_net_roots *roots);
 int scoutfs_server_hold_commit(struct super_block *sb);
 int scoutfs_server_apply_commit(struct super_block *sb, int err);