diff --git a/db/schema_tables.cc b/db/schema_tables.cc
index da4df10167..b5c1033fa9 100644
--- a/db/schema_tables.cc
+++ b/db/schema_tables.cc
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
 #include "data_dictionary/user_types_metadata.hh"
 
 #include "index/target_parser.hh"
+#include "index/vector_index.hh"
 #include "lang/lua.hh"
 #include "lang/manager.hh"
 
@@ -2470,7 +2471,11 @@ static index_metadata create_index_from_index_row(const query::result_set_row& r
     }
     index_metadata_kind kind = deserialize_index_kind(row.get_nonnull<sstring>("kind"));
     sstring target_string = options.at(cql3::statements::index_target::target_option_name);
-    const index_metadata::is_local_index is_local(secondary_index::target_parser::is_local(target_string));
+    auto class_it = options.find("class_name");
+    bool is_vector = class_it != options.end() && class_it->second == "vector_index";
+    const index_metadata::is_local_index is_local(
+        is_vector ? secondary_index::vector_index::is_local(target_string)
+                  : secondary_index::target_parser::is_local(target_string));
     return index_metadata{index_name, options, kind, is_local};
 }
 
diff --git a/index/vector_index.cc b/index/vector_index.cc
index 2d83836cf3..ff4ffe4dfd 100644
--- a/index/vector_index.cc
+++ b/index/vector_index.cc
@@ -338,13 +338,17 @@ void vector_index::validate(const schema &schema, const cql3::statements::index_
     check_index_options(properties);
 }
 
-bool vector_index::has_vector_index_on_column(const schema& s, const sstring& target_name) {
-    for (const auto& index : s.indices()) {
-        if (is_vector_index_on_column(index, target_name)) {
-            return true;
-        }
+bool vector_index::is_local(const sstring& target_string) {
+    std::optional<rjson::value> json_value = rjson::try_parse(target_string);
+    if (!json_value || !json_value->IsObject()) {
+        return false;
     }
-    return false;
+    rjson::value* pk = rjson::find(*json_value, PK_TARGET_KEY);
+    if (!pk || !pk->IsArray() || pk->Empty()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    rjson::value* tc = rjson::find(*json_value, TC_TARGET_KEY);
+    return tc && tc->IsString();
 }
 
 bool vector_index::is_vector_index_on_column(const index_metadata& im, const sstring& target_name) {
diff --git a/index/vector_index.hh b/index/vector_index.hh
index 22dba72997..1038aa184f 100644
--- a/index/vector_index.hh
+++ b/index/vector_index.hh
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public:
             const std::vector<::shared_ptr<cql3::statements::index_target>> &targets, const gms::feature_service& fs,
         const data_dictionary::database& db) const override;
     static bool has_index(const schema& s) { return has_index_impl<vector_index>(s); }
-    static bool has_vector_index_on_column(const schema& s, const sstring& target_name);
+    static bool is_local(const sstring& target_string);
     static bool is_vector_index_on_column(const index_metadata& im, const sstring& target_name);
     static void check_cdc_options(const schema& s) {
         check_cdc_options_impl<vector_index>(s);
diff --git a/test/cqlpy/test_vector_index.py b/test/cqlpy/test_vector_index.py
index fc527d5a7d..2a27feed23 100644
--- a/test/cqlpy/test_vector_index.py
+++ b/test/cqlpy/test_vector_index.py
@@ -496,6 +496,15 @@ def test_two_same_name_indexes_on_different_tables_with_if_not_exists(cql, test_
             assert rows1[0].index_name == 'ann_index'
             assert len(rows2) == 0
 
+def test_two_same_name_indexes_on_different_tables(cql, test_keyspace, skip_on_scylla_vnodes):
+    schema = "p int primary key, v vector<float, 3>"
+    with new_test_table(cql, test_keyspace, schema) as table:
+        schema = "p int primary key, v vector<float, 3>"
+        with new_test_table(cql, test_keyspace, schema) as table2:
+            cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ann_index ON {table}(v) USING 'sai'")
+            with pytest.raises(InvalidRequest, match="already exists"):
+                cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ann_index ON {table2}(v) USING 'sai'")
+
 
 def test_two_same_name_indexes_on_different_columns_with_if_not_exists(cql, test_keyspace, skip_on_scylla_vnodes):
     schema = "p int primary key, v vector<float, 3>, v2 vector<float, 3>"
@@ -512,6 +521,58 @@ def test_two_same_name_indexes_on_different_columns_with_if_not_exists(cql, test
         assert rows[0].index_name == 'ann_index'
 
 
+def test_global_and_local_vector_indexes_on_same_column(cql, test_keyspace, scylla_only, skip_without_tablets):
+    schema = 'p1 int, p2 int, v vector<float, 3>, PRIMARY KEY ((p1, p2))'
+    with new_test_table(cql, test_keyspace, schema) as table:
+        # Create global index first, then local — should not raise.
+        cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ON {table}(v) USING 'sai'")
+        cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ON {table}((p1, p2), v) USING 'sai'")
+
+def test_local_and_global_vector_indexes_on_same_column(cql, test_keyspace, scylla_only, skip_without_tablets):
+    schema = 'p1 int, p2 int, v vector<float, 3>, PRIMARY KEY ((p1, p2))'
+    with new_test_table(cql, test_keyspace, schema) as table:
+        # Create local index first, then global — should not raise.
+        cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ON {table}((p1, p2), v) USING 'sai'")
+        cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ON {table}(v) USING 'sai'")
+
+# Even with both local and global indexes, creating a second index of the
+# same locality on the same column should still be rejected as duplicate.
+def test_duplicate_global_vector_index_rejected(cql, test_keyspace, skip_on_scylla_vnodes):
+    schema = 'p1 int, p2 int, v vector<float, 3>, PRIMARY KEY ((p1, p2))'
+    with new_test_table(cql, test_keyspace, schema) as table:
+        cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ON {table}(v) USING 'sai'")
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidRequest, match="duplicate"):
+            cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ON {table}(v) USING 'sai'")
+
+def test_duplicate_local_vector_index_rejected(cql, test_keyspace, scylla_only, skip_without_tablets):
+    schema = 'p1 int, p2 int, v vector<float, 3>, PRIMARY KEY ((p1, p2))'
+    with new_test_table(cql, test_keyspace, schema) as table:
+        cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ON {table}((p1, p2), v) USING 'sai'")
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidRequest, match="duplicate"):
+            cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ON {table}((p1, p2), v) USING 'sai'")
+
+def test_duplicate_local_vector_index_if_not_exists(cql, test_keyspace, scylla_only, skip_without_tablets):
+    schema = 'p1 int, p2 int, v vector<float, 3>, PRIMARY KEY ((p1, p2))'
+    with new_test_table(cql, test_keyspace, schema) as table:
+        cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ON {table}((p1, p2), v) USING 'sai'")
+        cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ON {table}((p1, p2), v) USING 'sai'")
+        # Verify that only one index exists — the IF NOT EXISTS should not create a duplicate.
+        ks, cf = table.split(".")
+        indexes = list(cql.execute(f"SELECT index_name FROM system_schema.indexes WHERE keyspace_name = '{ks}' AND table_name = '{cf}'"))
+        assert len(indexes) == 1
+
+# IF NOT EXISTS with a different locality than the existing index should
+# create the second index, not silently skip it.
+def test_global_then_local_vector_index_if_not_exists(cql, test_keyspace, scylla_only, skip_without_tablets):
+    schema = 'p1 int, p2 int, v vector<float, 3>, PRIMARY KEY ((p1, p2))'
+    with new_test_table(cql, test_keyspace, schema) as table:
+        cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX ON {table}(v) USING 'sai'")
+        cql.execute(f"CREATE CUSTOM INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ON {table}((p1, p2), v) USING 'sai'")
+        # Verify both indexes exist.
+        indexes = list(cql.execute(f"SELECT index_name FROM system_schema.indexes WHERE keyspace_name = '{test_keyspace}' AND table_name = '{table.split('.')[1]}'"))
+        assert len(indexes) == 2
+
+
 ###############################################################################
 # SAI (StorageAttachedIndex) compatibility tests
 #