Commit Graph

25 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Avi Kivity
d4e454b5bc Merge 'Fix bad performance for densely populated partition index pages' from Tomasz Grabiec
This applies to small partition workload where index pages have high partition count, and the index doesn't fit in cache. It was observed that the count can be in the order of hundreds. In such a workload pages undergo constant population, LSA compaction, and LSA eviction, which has severe impact on CPU utilization.

Refs https://scylladb.atlassian.net/browse/SCYLLADB-620

This PR reduces the impact by several changes:

  - reducing memory footprint in the partition index. Assuming partition key size is 16 bytes, the cost dropped from 96 bytes to 36 bytes per partition.

  - flattening the object graph and amortizing storage. Storing entries directly in the vector. Storing all key values in a single managed_bytes. Making index_entry a trivial struct.

  - index entries and key storage are now trivially moveable, and batched inside vector storage
    so LSA migration can use memcpy(), which amortizes the cost per key. This reduces the cost of LSA segment compaction.

 - LSA eviction is now pretty much constant time for the whole page
   regardless of the number of entries, because elements are trivial and batched inside vectors.
   Page eviction cost dropped from 50 us to 1 us.

Performance evaluated with:

   scylla perf-simple-query -c1 -m200M --partitions=1000000

Before:

```
7774.96 tps (166.0 allocs/op, 521.7 logallocs/op,  54.0 tasks/op,  802428 insns/op,  430457 cycles/op,        0 errors)
7511.08 tps (166.1 allocs/op, 527.2 logallocs/op,  54.0 tasks/op,  804185 insns/op,  430752 cycles/op,        0 errors)
7740.44 tps (166.3 allocs/op, 526.2 logallocs/op,  54.2 tasks/op,  805347 insns/op,  432117 cycles/op,        0 errors)
7818.72 tps (165.2 allocs/op, 517.6 logallocs/op,  53.7 tasks/op,  794965 insns/op,  427751 cycles/op,        0 errors)
7865.49 tps (165.1 allocs/op, 513.3 logallocs/op,  53.6 tasks/op,  788898 insns/op,  425171 cycles/op,        0 errors)
```

After (+318%):

```
32492.40 tps (130.7 allocs/op,  12.8 logallocs/op,  36.1 tasks/op,  109236 insns/op,  103203 cycles/op,        0 errors)
32591.99 tps (130.4 allocs/op,  12.8 logallocs/op,  36.0 tasks/op,  108947 insns/op,  102889 cycles/op,        0 errors)
32514.52 tps (130.6 allocs/op,  12.8 logallocs/op,  36.0 tasks/op,  109118 insns/op,  103219 cycles/op,        0 errors)
32491.14 tps (130.6 allocs/op,  12.8 logallocs/op,  36.0 tasks/op,  109349 insns/op,  103272 cycles/op,        0 errors)
32582.90 tps (130.5 allocs/op,  12.8 logallocs/op,  36.0 tasks/op,  109269 insns/op,  102872 cycles/op,        0 errors)
32479.43 tps (130.6 allocs/op,  12.8 logallocs/op,  36.0 tasks/op,  109313 insns/op,  103242 cycles/op,        0 errors)
32418.48 tps (130.7 allocs/op,  12.8 logallocs/op,  36.1 tasks/op,  109201 insns/op,  103301 cycles/op,        0 errors)
31394.14 tps (130.7 allocs/op,  12.8 logallocs/op,  36.1 tasks/op,  109267 insns/op,  103301 cycles/op,        0 errors)
32298.55 tps (130.7 allocs/op,  12.8 logallocs/op,  36.1 tasks/op,  109323 insns/op,  103551 cycles/op,        0 errors)
```

When the workload is miss-only, with both row cache and index cache disabled (no cache maintenance cost):

  perf-simple-query -c1 -m200M --duration 6000 --partitions=100000 --enable-index-cache=0 --enable-cache=0

Before:

```
9124.57 tps (146.2 allocs/op, 789.0 logallocs/op,  45.3 tasks/op,  889320 insns/op,  357937 cycles/op,        0 errors)
9437.23 tps (146.1 allocs/op, 789.3 logallocs/op,  45.3 tasks/op,  889613 insns/op,  357782 cycles/op,        0 errors)
9455.65 tps (146.0 allocs/op, 787.4 logallocs/op,  45.2 tasks/op,  887606 insns/op,  357167 cycles/op,        0 errors)
9451.22 tps (146.0 allocs/op, 787.4 logallocs/op,  45.3 tasks/op,  887627 insns/op,  357357 cycles/op,        0 errors)
9429.50 tps (146.0 allocs/op, 787.4 logallocs/op,  45.3 tasks/op,  887761 insns/op,  358148 cycles/op,        0 errors)
9430.29 tps (146.1 allocs/op, 788.2 logallocs/op,  45.3 tasks/op,  888501 insns/op,  357679 cycles/op,        0 errors)
9454.08 tps (146.0 allocs/op, 787.3 logallocs/op,  45.3 tasks/op,  887545 insns/op,  357132 cycles/op,        0 errors)
```

After (+55%):

```
14484.84 tps (150.7 allocs/op,   6.5 logallocs/op,  44.7 tasks/op,  396164 insns/op,  229490 cycles/op,        0 errors)
14526.21 tps (150.8 allocs/op,   6.5 logallocs/op,  44.8 tasks/op,  396401 insns/op,  228824 cycles/op,        0 errors)
14567.53 tps (150.7 allocs/op,   6.5 logallocs/op,  44.7 tasks/op,  396319 insns/op,  228701 cycles/op,        0 errors)
14545.63 tps (150.6 allocs/op,   6.5 logallocs/op,  44.7 tasks/op,  395889 insns/op,  228493 cycles/op,        0 errors)
14626.06 tps (150.5 allocs/op,   6.5 logallocs/op,  44.7 tasks/op,  395254 insns/op,  227891 cycles/op,        0 errors)
14593.74 tps (150.5 allocs/op,   6.5 logallocs/op,  44.7 tasks/op,  395480 insns/op,  227993 cycles/op,        0 errors)
14538.10 tps (150.8 allocs/op,   6.5 logallocs/op,  44.8 tasks/op,  397035 insns/op,  228831 cycles/op,        0 errors)
14527.18 tps (150.8 allocs/op,   6.5 logallocs/op,  44.8 tasks/op,  396992 insns/op,  228839 cycles/op,        0 errors)
```

Same as above, but with summary ratio increased from 0.0005 to 0.005 (smaller pages):

Before:

```
33906.70 tps (146.1 allocs/op,  83.6 logallocs/op,  45.1 tasks/op,  170553 insns/op,   98104 cycles/op,        0 errors)
32696.16 tps (146.0 allocs/op,  83.5 logallocs/op,  45.1 tasks/op,  170369 insns/op,   98405 cycles/op,        0 errors)
33889.05 tps (146.1 allocs/op,  83.6 logallocs/op,  45.1 tasks/op,  170551 insns/op,   98135 cycles/op,        0 errors)
33893.24 tps (146.1 allocs/op,  83.5 logallocs/op,  45.1 tasks/op,  170488 insns/op,   98168 cycles/op,        0 errors)
33836.73 tps (146.1 allocs/op,  83.6 logallocs/op,  45.1 tasks/op,  170528 insns/op,   98226 cycles/op,        0 errors)
33897.61 tps (146.0 allocs/op,  83.5 logallocs/op,  45.1 tasks/op,  170428 insns/op,   98081 cycles/op,        0 errors)
33834.73 tps (146.1 allocs/op,  83.5 logallocs/op,  45.1 tasks/op,  170438 insns/op,   98178 cycles/op,        0 errors)
33776.31 tps (146.3 allocs/op,  83.9 logallocs/op,  45.2 tasks/op,  170958 insns/op,   98418 cycles/op,        0 errors)
33808.08 tps (146.3 allocs/op,  83.9 logallocs/op,  45.2 tasks/op,  170940 insns/op,   98388 cycles/op,        0 errors)
```

After (+18%):

```
40081.51 tps (148.2 allocs/op,   4.4 logallocs/op,  45.0 tasks/op,  121047 insns/op,   82231 cycles/op,        0 errors)
40005.85 tps (148.6 allocs/op,   4.4 logallocs/op,  45.2 tasks/op,  121327 insns/op,   82545 cycles/op,        0 errors)
39816.75 tps (148.3 allocs/op,   4.4 logallocs/op,  45.1 tasks/op,  121067 insns/op,   82419 cycles/op,        0 errors)
39953.11 tps (148.1 allocs/op,   4.4 logallocs/op,  45.0 tasks/op,  121027 insns/op,   82258 cycles/op,        0 errors)
40073.96 tps (148.2 allocs/op,   4.4 logallocs/op,  45.0 tasks/op,  121006 insns/op,   82313 cycles/op,        0 errors)
39882.25 tps (148.2 allocs/op,   4.4 logallocs/op,  45.0 tasks/op,  120925 insns/op,   82320 cycles/op,        0 errors)
39916.08 tps (148.3 allocs/op,   4.4 logallocs/op,  45.1 tasks/op,  121054 insns/op,   82393 cycles/op,        0 errors)
39786.30 tps (148.2 allocs/op,   4.4 logallocs/op,  45.0 tasks/op,  121027 insns/op,   82465 cycles/op,        0 errors)
38662.45 tps (148.3 allocs/op,   4.4 logallocs/op,  45.0 tasks/op,  121108 insns/op,   82312 cycles/op,        0 errors)
39849.42 tps (148.3 allocs/op,   4.4 logallocs/op,  45.1 tasks/op,  121098 insns/op,   82447 cycles/op,        0 errors)
```

Closes scylladb/scylladb#28603

* github.com:scylladb/scylladb:
  sstables: mx: index_reader: Optimize parsing for no promoted index case
  vint: Use std::countl_zero()
  test: sstable_partition_index_cache_test: Validate scenario of pages with sparse promoted index placement
  sstables: mx: index_reader: Amoritze partition key storage
  managed_bytes: Hoist write_fragmented() to common header
  utils: managed_vector: Use std::uninitialized_move() to move objects
  sstables: mx: index_reader: Keep promoted_index info next to index_entry
  sstables: mx: index_reader: Extract partition_index_page::clear_gently()
  sstables: mx: index_reader: Shave-off 16 bytes from index_entry by using raw_token
  sstables: mx: index_reader: Reduce allocation_section overhead during index page parsing by batching allocation
  sstables: mx: index_reader: Keep index_entry directly in the vector
  dht: Introduce raw_token
  test: perf_simple_query: Add 'sstable-format' command-line option
  test: perf_simple_query: Add 'sstable-summary-ratio' command-line option
  test: perf-simple-query: Add option to disable index cache
  test: cql_test_env: Respect enable-index-cache config

(cherry picked from commit 5e7fb08bf3)

Closes scylladb/scylladb#29136
2026-03-20 01:21:49 +01:00
Michał Chojnowski
7f9152babc utils/lsa/chunked_managed_vector: fix the calculation of max_chunk_capacity()
`chunked_managed_vector` is a vector-like container which splits
its contents into multiple contiguous allocations if necessary,
in order to fit within LSA's max preferred contiguous allocation
limits.

Each limited-size chunk is stored in a `managed_vector`.
`managed_vector` is unaware of LSA's size limits.
It's up to the user of `managed_vector` to pick a size which
is small enough.

This happens in `chunked_managed_vector::max_chunk_capacity()`.
But the calculation is wrong, because it doesn't account for
the fact that `managed_vector` has to place some metadata
(the backreference pointer) inside the allocation.
In effect, the chunks allocated by `chunked_managed_vector`
are just a tiny bit larger than the limit, and the limit is violated.

Fix this by accounting for the metadata.

Also, before the patch `chunked_managed_vector::max_contiguous_allocation`,
repeats the definition of logalloc::max_managed_object_size.
This is begging for a bug if `logalloc::max_managed_object_size`
changes one day. Adjust it so that `chunked_managed_vector` looks
directly at `logalloc::max_managed_object_size`, as it means to.
2025-04-28 12:30:13 +02:00
Avi Kivity
f3eade2f62 treewide: relicense to ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
Drop the AGPL license in favor of a source-available license.
See the blog post [1] for details.

[1] https://www.scylladb.com/2024/12/18/why-were-moving-to-a-source-available-license/
2024-12-18 17:45:13 +02:00
Kefu Chai
691f7f6edb util: do not use variable length array
vla (variable length array) is an extension in GCC and Clang. and
it is not part of the C++ standard.

so let's avoid using it if possible, for better standard compliant.
it's also more consistent with other places where we calculate the size
of an array of T in the same source file.

Signed-off-by: Kefu Chai <kefu.chai@scylladb.com>

Closes scylladb/scylladb#16084
2023-11-20 23:02:41 +02:00
Pavel Emelyanov
063da81ab7 code: Convert nothrow construction assertions into concepts
The small_vector also has N>0 constraint that's also converted

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
2022-02-24 19:44:50 +03:00
Avi Kivity
fcb8d040e8 treewide: use Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) license identifiers
Instead of lengthy blurbs, switch to single-line, machine-readable
standardized (https://spdx.dev) license identifiers. The Linux kernel
switched long ago, so there is strong precedent.

Three cases are handled: AGPL-only, Apache-only, and dual licensed.
For the latter case, I chose (AGPL-3.0-or-later and Apache-2.0),
reasoning that our changes are extensive enough to apply our license.

The changes we applied mechanically with a script, except to
licenses/README.md.

Closes #9937
2022-01-18 12:15:18 +01:00
Tomasz Grabiec
9f957f1cf9 sstables: Cache partition index pages in LSA and link to LRU
As part of this change, the container for partition index pages was
changed from utils::loading_shared_values to intrusive_btree. This is
to avoid reactor stalls which the former induces with a large number
of elements (pages) due to its use of a hashtable under the hood,
which reallocates contiguous storage.
2021-07-02 19:02:14 +02:00
Tomasz Grabiec
1523a7d367 utils: managed_vector: Make clear_and_release() public
Will be needed by index reader to ensure that destructor doesn't
invoke the allocator so that all is destroyed in the desried
allocation context before the object is destroyed.
2021-07-02 19:02:14 +02:00
Avi Kivity
a55b434a2b treewide: extent copyright statements to present day 2021-06-06 19:18:49 +03:00
Pavel Emelyanov
9216a5bc08 allocation_strategy, code: Conceptualize dynamic objects
Usually lsa allocation is performed with the construct() helper that
allocates a sizeof(T) slot and constructs it in place. Some rare
objects have dynamic size, so they are created by alloc()ating a
slot of some specific size and (!) must provide the correct overload
of size_for_allocation_strategy that reports back the relevant
storage size.

This "must provide" is not enforced, if missed a default sizer would
be instantiated, but won't work properly. This patch makes all users
of alloc() conform to DynamicObject concept which requires the
presense of .storage_size() method to tell that size.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
2021-05-19 09:23:49 +03:00
Pavel Emelyanov
28f01aadc9 allocation_strategy, code: Simplify alloc()
Todays alloc() accepts migrate-fn, size and alignment. All the callers
don't really need to provide anything special for the migrate-fn and
are just happy with default alignof() for alignment. The simplification
is in providing alloc() that only accepts size arg and does the rest
itself.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
2021-05-19 09:23:49 +03:00
Tomasz Grabiec
4fb3f7e8eb managed_vector: Make external_memory_usage() ignore reserved space
This ensures that row::external_memory_usage() is invariant to
insertion order of cells.

It should be so, so that accounting of a clustering_row, merged from
multiple MVCC versions by the partition_snapshot_flat_reader on behalf
of a memtable flush, doesn't give a greater result than what is used
by the memtable region. Overaccounting leads to assertion failure in
~flush_memory_accounter.

Fixes #3625 (hopefully).

Message-Id: <1535982513-19922-1-git-send-email-tgrabiec@scylladb.com>
2018-09-03 17:09:54 +03:00
Paweł Dziepak
b3699f286d lsa: make migrators table thread-local
Migrators can be registered and deregistered at any time. If the table
is not thread-local we risk race conditions.
2018-05-09 16:10:46 +01:00
Duarte Nunes
bfe5a8e96f utils/managed_vector: Return reference to emplaced element
We are in 2018, after all.

Signed-off-by: Duarte Nunes <duarte@scylladb.com>
Message-Id: <20180126105417.54285-1-duarte@scylladb.com>
2018-01-26 13:49:56 +01:00
Avi Kivity
6d9e18fd61 logalloc: reduce descriptor overhead
Every lsa-allocated object is prefixed by a header that contains information
needed to free or migrate it.  This includes its size (for freeing) and
an 8-byte migrator (for migrating).  Together with some flags, the overhead
is 14 bytes (16 bytes if the default alignment is used).

This patch reduces the header size to 1 byte (8 bytes if the default alignment
is used).  It uses the following techniques:

 - ULEB128-like encoding (actually more like ULEB64) so a live object's header
   can typically be stored using 1 byte
 - indirection, so that migrators can be encoded in a small index pointing
   to a migrator table, rather than using an 8-byte pointer; this exploits
   the fact that only a small number of types are stored in LSA
 - moving the responsibility for determining an object's size to its
   migrator, rather than storing it in the header; this exploits the fact
   that the migrator stores type information, and object size is in fact
   information about the type

The patch improves the results of memory_footprint_test as following:

Before:

 - in cache:     976
 - in memtable:  947

After:

mutation footprint:
 - in cache:     880
 - in memtable:  858

A reduction of about 10%.  Further reductions are possible by reducing the
alignment of lsa objects.

logalloc_test was adjusted to free more objects, since with the lower
footprint, rounding errors (to full segments) are different and caused
false errors to be detected.

Missing: adjustments to scylla-gdb.py; will be done after we agree on the
new descriptor's format.
2017-04-24 12:23:12 +02:00
Paweł Dziepak
ef57b9a26f rename memory_usage() to external_memory_usage() where applicable
Renaming the function to external_memory_usage() makes it clear that
sizeof(T) is not included, something that was a source of confusion in
the past.

Signed-off-by: Paweł Dziepak <pdziepak@scylladb.com>
2016-11-18 11:25:36 +00:00
Paweł Dziepak
cfa581b426 utils/managed_vector: add memory_usage()
Signed-off-by: Paweł Dziepak <pdziepak@scylladb.com>
2016-07-07 12:17:25 +01:00
Avi Kivity
f96e5d7c1b managed_bytes: fix build with gcc 6
gcc 6 complains that deleting a managed_bytes::external isn't defined
because the size isn't known.  I'm not sure it's correct, but there's no
way to tell because flexible arrays aren't standardized.

Fix by using an array of zero size.
Message-Id: <1466715187-4125-1-git-send-email-avi@scylladb.com>
2016-06-27 10:54:10 +02:00
Pekka Enberg
38a54df863 Fix pre-ScyllaDB copyright statements
People keep tripping over the old copyrights and copy-pasting them to
new files. Search and replace "Cloudius Systems" with "ScyllaDB".

Message-Id: <1460013664-25966-1-git-send-email-penberg@scylladb.com>
2016-04-08 08:12:47 +03:00
Erich Keane
49842aacd9 managed_vector: maybe_constructed ctor to non-constexpr
Clang enforces that a union's constexpr CTOR must initialize
one of the members.  The spec is seemingly silent as to what
the rule on this is, however, making this non-constexpr results in clang
accepting the constructor.

Signed-off-by: Erich Keane <erich.keane@verizon.net>
Message-Id: <1454604300-1673-1-git-send-email-erich.keane@verizon.net>
2016-02-07 10:30:45 +02:00
Avi Kivity
16006949d0 logalloc: make migrator an object, not a function pointer
The migrator tells lsa how to move an object when it is compacted.
Currently it is a function pointer, which means we must know how to move
the object at compile time.  Making it an object allows us to build the
migration function at runtime, making it suitable for runtime-defined types
(such as tuples and user-defined types).

In the future, we may also store the size there for fixed-size types,
reducing lsa overhead.

C++ variable templates would have made this patch smaller, but unfortunately
they are only supported on gcc 5+.
2015-10-21 11:24:56 +02:00
Avi Kivity
d5cf0fb2b1 Add license notices 2015-09-20 10:43:39 +03:00
Tomasz Grabiec
0d7cdab0ff utils: managed_vector: Make copy assignment exception-safe 2015-09-06 21:24:58 +02:00
Tomasz Grabiec
81d81c81f2 utils: managed_vector: Make copy constructor exception-safe
Copying values may throw (std::bad_alloc for example), which will
result in a leak because destructor will not be called when
constructor throws.

May manifest as the following assertion failure:

utils/logalloc.cc:672: virtual logalloc::region_impl::~region_impl(): Assertion `_active->is_empty()' failed.
2015-09-06 21:24:58 +02:00
Paweł Dziepak
956c27e021 utils: add LSA-aware vector capable of internal storage
Signed-off-by: Paweł Dziepak <pdziepak@cloudius-systems.com>
2015-08-31 17:29:13 +02:00