Many workloads have fairly constant and small request sizes, so we
don't need large reserves for them. These workloads suffer needlessly
from the current large reserve of 10 segments (1.2MB) when they really
need a few hundred bytes. Reduce the reserve to a minimum of 1 segment.
Note that due to #8542 this can make a large difference. Consider a
workload that has a 1000-byte footprint in cache. If we've just
consumed some free memory and reduced the reserve to zero, then
we'll evict about 50,000 objects before proceeding to compact. With
the reserved reduced to 1, we'll evict 128 objects. All this
for 1000 bytes of memory.
Of course, #8542 should be fixed, but reducing the reserve provides
some quick relief and makes sense even with the larger fix. The
reserve will quickly grow for workloads that handle bigger requests,
so they won't see an impact from the reduction.
Closes#8572
Set up a coroutine in a new scheduling group to ensure there is
a "cushion" of free memory. It reclaims in preemptible mode in
order to reduce reactor stalls (constrast with synchronous reclaim
that cannot preempt until it achieved its goal).
The free memory target is arbitrarily set at 60MB. The reclaimer's
shares are proportional to the distance from the free memory target;
so a workload that allocates memory rapidly will have the background
reclaimer working harder.
I rolled my own condition variable here, mostly as an experiment.
seastar::condition_variable requires several allocations, while
the one here requires none. We should formalize it after we gain
more experience with it.
The log-structured allocator (LSA) reserves memory when performing
operations, since its operations are performed with reclaiming disabled
and if it runs out, it cannot evict cache to gain more. The amount of
memory to reserve is remembered across calls so that it does not have
to repeat the fail/increase-reserve/retry cycle for every operation.
However, we currently lack decaying the amount to reserve. This means
that if a single operation increased the reserve in the distant past,
all current operations also require this large reserve. Large reserves
are expensive since they can cause large amounts of cache to be evicted.
This patch adds reserve decay. The time-to-decay is inversely proportional
to reserve size: 10GB/reserve. This means that a 20MB reserve is halved
after 500 operations (10GB/20MB) while a 20kB reserve is halved after
500,000 operations (10GB/20kB). So large, expensive reserves are decayed
quickly while small, inexpensive reserves are decayed slowly to reduce
the risk of allocation failures and exceptions.
A unit test is added.
Fixes#325.
Instead of doing 3 smp::invoke_on_all-s and duplicating
tracker::impl API for the tracker itself, introduce the
tracker::configure, simplify the tracker configuration
and narrow down the public tracker API.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Message-Id: <20200528185442.10682-1-xemul@scylladb.com>
This allows us to drop a #include <reactor.hh>, reducing compile time.
Several translation units that lost access to required declarations
are updated with the required includes (this can be an include of
reactor.hh itself, in case the translation unit that lost it got it
indirectly via logalloc.hh)
Ref #1.
"
The original fix (10f6b125c8) didn't
take into account that if there was a failed memtable flush (Refs
flush) but is not a flushable memtable because it's not the latest in
the memtable list. If that happens, it means no other memtable is
flushable as well, cause otherwise it would be picked due to
evictable_occupancy(). Therefore the right action is to not flush
anything in this case.
Suspected to be observed in #4982. I didn't manage to reproduce after
triggering a failed memtable flush.
Fixes#3717
"
* tag 'avoid-ooming-with-flush-continuations-v2' of github.com:tgrabiec/scylla:
database: Avoid OOMing with flush continuations after failed memtable flush
lsa: Introduce operator bool() to occupancy_stats
lsa: Expose region_impl::evictable_occupancy in the region class
`segment_manager' now uses a decorated version of `timed_out_error'
with hardcoded name. On the other hand `region_group' uses named
`on_request_expiry' within its `expiring_fifo'.
We observed an abort on bad_alloc which was not caused by real OOM,
but could be explained by cache region being locked from a different
shard, which is not allowed, concurrently with memory reclamation.
It's impossible now to prove this, or, if that was indeed the case, to
determine which code path was attempting such lock. This patch adds an
assert which would catch such incorrect locking at the attempt.
Refs #4978
allocate_segment() can fail even though we're not out of memory, when
it's invoked inside an allocating section with the cache region
locked. That section may later succeed after retried after memory
reclamation.
We should ignore bad_alloc thrown inside allocating section body and
fail only when the whole section fails.
Fixes#2924
Message-Id: <1550597493-22500-1-git-send-email-tgrabiec@scylladb.com>
Replace stdx::optional and stdx::string_view with the C++ std
counterparts.
Some instances of boost::variant were also replaced with std::variant,
namely those that called seastar::visit.
Scylla now requires GCC 8 to compile.
Signed-off-by: Duarte Nunes <duarte@scylladb.com>
Message-Id: <20190108111141.5369-1-duarte@scylladb.com>
The flusher picks the memtable list which contains the largest region
according to region_impl::evictable_occupancy().total_space(), which
follows region::occupancy().total_space(). But only the latest
memtable in the list can start flushing. It can happen that the
memtable corresponding to the largest region was already flushed to an
sstable (flush permit released), but not yet fsynced or moved to
cache, so it's still in the memtable list.
The latest memtable in the winning list may be small, or empty, in
which case the soft pressure flusher will not be able to make much
progress. There could be other memtable lists with non-empty
(flushable) latest memtables. This can lead to writes unnecessarily
blocking on dirty.
I observed this for the system memtable group, where it's easy for the
memtables to overshoot small soft pressure limits. The flusher kept
trying to flush empty memtables, while the previous non-empty memtable
was still in the group.
The CPU scheduler makes this worse, because it runs memtable_to_cache
in a separate scheduling group, so it further defers in time the
removal of the flushed memtable from the memtable list.
This patch fixes the problem by making regions corresponding to
memtables which started flushing report evictable_occupancy() as 0, so
that they're picked by the flusher last.
Fixes#3716.
Message-Id: <1535040132-11153-2-git-send-email-tgrabiec@scylladb.com>
Let the user specify which scheduling group should run the
releaser, since it is running functions on the user's behalf.
Perhaps a cleaner interface is to require the user to call
a long-running function for the releaser, and so we'd just
inherit its scheduling group, but that's a much bigger change.
To segregate std and lsa allocations, we prime the segment pool
during initialization so that lsa will release lower-addressed
memory to std, rather than lsa and std competing for memory at
random addresses.
However, tests often evict all of lsa memory for their own
purposes, which defeats this priming.
Extract the functionality into a new prime_segment_pool()
function for use in tests that rely on allocation segregation.
Reducing the segment size reduces the time needed to compact segments,
and increases the number of segments that can be compacted (and so
the probability of finding low-occupancy segments).
128k is the size of I/O buffers and of thread stacks, so we can't
go lower than that without more significant changes.
This reverts commit 3b53f922a3. It's broken
in two ways:
1. concrete_allocating_function::allocate()'ss caller,
region_group::start_releaser() loop, will delete the object
as soon as it returns; however we scheduled some work depending
on `this` in a separate continuation (via with_scheduling_group())
2. the calling loop's termination condition depends on the work being
done immediately, not later.
When we call run_when_memory_available, it is entirely possible that
the caller is doing that inside a scheduling_group. If we don't defer
we will execute correctly. But if we do defer, the current code will
execute - in the future - with the default scheduling group.
This patch fixes that by capturing the caller scheduling group and
making sure the function is executed later using it.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glauber@scylladb.com>
Most of the lsa gory details are hidden in utils/logalloc.cc. That
includes the actual implementation of a lsa region: region_impl.
However, there is code in the hot path that often accesses the
_reclaiming_enabled member as well as its base class
allocation_strategy.
In order to optimise those accesses another class is introduced:
basic_region_impl that inherits from allocation_strategy and is a base
of region_impl. It is defined in utils/logalloc.hh so that it is
publicly visible and its member functions are inlineable from anywhere
in the code. This class is supposed to be as small as possible, but
contain all members and functions that are accessed from the fast path
and should be inlined.
Allocating sections reserves certain amount of memory, then disables
reclamation and attempts to perform given operation. If that fails due
to std::bad_alloc the reserve is increased and the operation is retried.
Reserving memory is expensive while just disabling reclamation isn't.
Moreover, the code that runs inside the section needs to be safely
retryable. This means that we want the amount of logic running with
reclamation disabled as small as possible, even if it means entering and
leaving the section multiple times.
In order to reduce the performance penalty of such solution the memory
reserving and reclamation disabling parts of the allocating sections are
separated.
At the moment, various different subsystems use their different
ideas of what a timeout_clock is. This makes it a bit harder to pass
timeouts between them because although most are actually a lowres_clock,
that is not guaranteed to be the case. As a matter of fact, the timeout
for restricted reads is expressed as nanoseconds, which is not a valid
duration in the lowres_clock.
As a first step towards fixing this, we'll consolidate all of the
existing timeout_clocks in one, now called db::timeout_clock. Other
things that tend to be expressed in terms of that clock--like the fact
that the maximum time_point means no timeout and a semaphore that
wait()s with that resolution are also moved to the common header.
In the upcoming patch we will fix the restricted reader timeouts to
be expressed in terms of the new timeout_clock.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glauber@scylladb.com>
There is existing code (e.g. use of partition_snapshot_row_cursor in
cache_streamed_mutation) which assumes that references will be
invalidated when bad_alloc is thrown from allocating_section. That is
currently the case because on retry we will attempt memory reclamation
which will invalidate references either through compaction or
eviction. Make this guarantee explicit.
- introcduced "seastarx.hh" header, which does a "using namespace seastar";
- 'net' namespace conflicts with seastar::net, renamed to 'netw'.
- 'transport' namespace conflicts with seastar::transport, renamed to
cql_transport.
- "logger" global variables now conflict with logger global type, renamed
to xlogger.
- other minor changes
'auto' in a non-lambda function argument is not legal C++, and is hard
to read besides. Replace with the right type.
Since the right type is private, add some friendship.
"Before, the logic for releasing writes blocked on dirty worked like this:
1) When region group size changes and it is not under pressure and there
are some requests blocked, then schedule request releasing task
2) request releasing task, if no pressure, runs one request and if there are
still blocked requests, schedules next request releasing task
If requests don't change the size of the region group, then either some request
executes or there is a request releasing task scheduled. The amount of scheduled
tasks is at most 1, there is a single releasing thread.
However, if requests themselves would change the size of the group, then each
such change would schedule yet another request releasing thread, growing the task
queue size by one.
The group size can also change when memory is reclaimed from the groups (e.g.
when contains sparse segments). Compaction may start many request releasing
threads due to group size updates.
Such behavior is detrimental for performance and stability if there are a lot
of blocked requests. This can happen on 1.5 even with modest concurrency
because timed out requests stay in the queue. This is less likely on 1.6 where
they are dropped from the queue.
The releasing of tasks may start to dominate over other processes in the
system. When the amount of scheduled tasks reaches 1000, polling stops and
server becomes unresponsive until all of the released requests are done, which
is either when they start to block on dirty memory again or run out of blocked
requests. It may take a while to reach pressure condition after memtable flush
if it brings virtual dirty much below the threshold, which is currently the
case for workloads with overwrites producing sparse regions.
I saw this happening in a write workload from issue #2021 where the number of
request releasing threads grew into thousands.
Fix by ensuring there is at most one request releasing thread at a time. There
will be one releasing fiber per region group which is woken up when pressure is
lifted. It executes blocked requests until pressure occurs."
* tag 'tgrabiec/lsa-single-threaded-releasing-v2' of github.com:cloudius-systems/seastar-dev:
tests: lsa: Add test for reclaimer starting and stopping
tests: lsa: Add request releasing stress test
lsa: Avoid avalanche releasing of requests
lsa: Move definitions to .cc
lsa: Simplify hard pressure notification management
lsa: Do not start or stop reclaiming on hard pressure
tests: lsa: Adjust to take into account that reclaimers are run synchronously
lsa: Document and annotate reclaimer notification callbacks
tests: lsa: Use with_timeout() in quiesce()
Before, the logic for releasing writes blocked on dirty worked like
this:
1) When region group size changes and it is not under pressure and
there are some requests blocked, then schedule request releasing
task
2) request releasing task, if no pressure, runs one request and if
there are still blocked requests, schedules next request
releasing task
If requests don't change the size of the region group, then either
some request executes or there is a request releasing task
scheduled. The amount of scheduled tasks is at most 1, there is a
single thread of excution.
However, if requests themselves would change the size of the group,
then each such change would schedule yet another request releasing
thread, growing the task queue size by one.
The group size can also change when memory is reclaimed from the
groups (e.g. when contains sparse segments). Compaction may start
many request releasing threads due to group size updates.
Such behavior is detrimental for performance and stability if there
are a lot of blocked requests. This can happen on 1.5 even with modest
concurrency becuase timed out requests stay in the queue. This is less
likely on 1.6 where they are dropped from the queue.
The releasing of tasks may start to dominate over other processes in
the system. When the amount of scheduled tasks reaches 1000, polling
stops and server becomes unresponsive until all of the released
requests are done, which is either when they start to block on dirty
memory again or run out of blocked requests. It may take a while to
reach pressure condition after memtable flush if it brings virtual
dirty much below the threshold, which is currently the case for
workloads with overwrites producing sparse regions.
Refs #2021.
Fix by ensuring there is at most one request releasing thread at a
time. There will be one releasing fiber per region group which is
woken up when pressure is lifted. It executes blocked requests until
pressure occurs.
The logic for notification across hierachy was replaced by calling
region_group::notify_relief() from region_group::update() on the
broadest relieved group.
The hard pressure was only signalled on region group when
run_when_memory_available() was called after the pressure condition
was met.
So the following loop is always an infinite loop rather than stopping
when engouh is allocated to cause pressure:
while (!gr.under_pressure()) {
region.allocate(...);
}
It's cleaner if pressure notification works not only if
run_when_memory_available() is used but whenever conditino changes,
like we do for the soft pressure.
There is comment in run_when_memory_available() which gives reasons
why notifications are called from there, but I think those reasons no
longer hold:
- we already notify on soft pressure conditions from update(), and if
that is safe, notifying about hard pressure should also be safe. I
checked and it looks safe to me.
- avoiding notification in the rare case when we stopped writing
right after crossing the threshold doesn't seem benefitial. It's
unlikely in the first place, and one could argue it's better to
actually flush now so that when writes resume they will not block.
We already call these when crossing the soft threshold. We shouldn't
stop reclaiming when hard pressure is gone because soft pressure may
still be present. Calling start_reclaiming() on hard pressure is
unnecessary because soft pressure also starts it, and when there is
hard pressure there is also soft pressure.
* seastar 397685c...c1dbd89 (13):
> lowres_clock: drop cache-line alignment for _timer
> net/packet: add missing include
> Merge "Adding histogram and description support" from Amnon
> reactor: Fix the error: cannot bind 'std::unique_ptr' lvalue to 'std::unique_ptr&&'
> Set the option '--server' of tests/tcp_sctp_client to be required
> core/memory: Remove superfluous assignment
> core/memory: Remove dead code
> core/reactor: Use logger instead of cerr
> fix inverted logic in overprovision parameter
> rpc: fix timeout checking condition
> rpc: use lowres_clock instead of high resolution one
> semaphore: make semaphore's clock configurable
> rpc: detect timedout outgoing packets earlier
Includes treewide change to accomodate rpc changing its timeout clock
to lowres_clock.
Includes fixup from Amnon:
collectd api should use the metrics getters
As part of a preperation of the change in the metrics layer, this change
the way the collectd api uses the metrics value to use the getters
instead of calling the member directly.
This will be important when the internal implementation will changed
from union to variant.
Signed-off-by: Amnon Heiman <amnon@scylladb.com>
Message-Id: <1485457657-17634-1-git-send-email-amnon@scylladb.com>
As the metrics migration progressed, some include to scollectd.hh left
behind.
Because of the nature of the scollecd implementation those include
brings alot of code with them to the header files and eventually to many
source file.
This patch remove those include and add a missing include to
storage_proxy.cc.
The reason the compiler didn't complain is an indication to the
problematic nature of those include in the first place.
Before this patch, change in metrics.hh would cause 169 files to
compile, after this change 17.
Signed-off-by: Amnon Heiman <amnon@scylladb.com>
Message-Id: <1484667536-2185-1-git-send-email-amnon@scylladb.com>
The region_group_reclaimer will let us know every time we are over the
limit we have specified for memory usage.
However, For some applications, we would be interested in knowing about
memory build up earlier, so we can start doing something about it before
we reach that condition.
This patch introduce soft limit notifications for the
region_group_reclaimer. After this patch is applied, start_reclaim() is
called earlier, and stop_reclaim() later, after the soft condition is
abated.
There are methods that allow one to easily test if the pressure
condition is a soft limit condition or a hard, threshold condition and
act accordingly. Whether to act on both conditions or just one of them
is up to the application.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glauber@scylladb.com>
