Instead of lengthy blurbs, switch to single-line, machine-readable
standardized (https://spdx.dev) license identifiers. The Linux kernel
switched long ago, so there is strong precedent.
Three cases are handled: AGPL-only, Apache-only, and dual licensed.
For the latter case, I chose (AGPL-3.0-or-later and Apache-2.0),
reasoning that our changes are extensive enough to apply our license.
The changes we applied mechanically with a script, except to
licenses/README.md.
Closes#9937
The gc_grace_seconds is a very fragile and broken design inherited from
Cassandra. Deleted data can be resurrected if cluster wide repair is not
performed within gc_grace_seconds. This design pushes the job of making
the database consistency to the user. In practice, it is very hard to
guarantee repair is performed within gc_grace_seconds all the time. For
example, repair workload has the lowest priority in the system which can
be slowed down by the higher priority workload, so that there is no
guarantee when a repair can finish. A gc_grace_seconds value that is
used to work might not work after data volume grows in a cluster. Users
might want to avoid running repair during a specific period where
latency is the top priority for their business.
To solve this problem, an automatic mechanism to protect data
resurrection is proposed and implemented. The main idea is to remove the
tombstone only after the range that covers the tombstone is repaired.
In this patch, a new table option tombstone_gc is added. The option is
used to configure tombstone gc mode. For example:
1) GC a tombstone after gc_grace_seconds
cqlsh> ALTER TABLE ks.cf WITH tombstone_gc = {'mode':'timeout'} ;
This is the default mode. If no tombstone_gc option is specified by the
user. The old gc_grace_seconds based gc will be used.
2) Never GC a tombstone
cqlsh> ALTER TABLE ks.cf WITH tombstone_gc = {'mode':'disabled'};
3) GC a tombstone immediately
cqlsh> ALTER TABLE ks.cf WITH tombstone_gc = {'mode':'immediate'};
4) GC a tombstone after repair
cqlsh> ALTER TABLE ks.cf WITH tombstone_gc = {'mode':'repair'};
In addition to the 'mode' option, another option 'propagation_delay_in_seconds'
is added. It defines the max time a write could possibly delay before it
eventually arrives at a node.
A new gossip feature TOMBSTONE_GC_OPTIONS is added. The new tombstone_gc
option can only be used after the whole cluster supports the new
feature. A mixed cluster works with no problem.
Tests: compaction_test.py, ninja test
Fixes#3560
[avi: resolve conflicts vs data_dictionary]
Add flags if memtable contains tombstones. They can be used as a
heuristic to determine if a memtable should be compacted on
flush. It's an intermediate step until we can compact during applying
mutations on a memtable.
Currently row marker shadowing the shadowable tombstone is only checked
in `apply(row_marker)`. This means that shadowing will only be checked
if the shadowable tombstone and row marker are set in the correct order.
This at the very least can cause flakyness in tests when a mutation
produced just the right way has a shadowable tombstone that can be
eliminated when the mutation is reconstructed in a different way,
leading to artificial differences when comparing those mutations.
This patch fixes this by checking shadowing in
`apply(shadowable_tombstone)` too, making the shadowing check symmetric.
There is still one vulnerability left: `row_marker& row_marker()`, which
allow overwriting the marker without triggering the corresponding
checks. We cannot remove this overload as it is used by compaction so we
just add a comment to it warning that `maybe_shadow()` has to be manually
invoked if it is used to mutate the marker (compaction takes care of
that). A caller which didn't do the manual check is
mutation_source_test: this patch updates it to use `apply(row_marker)`
instead.
Fixes: #9483
Tests: unit(dev)
Closes#9519
Patch the .row_tombstones() to return the range_tombstone_list
wrapped into the immutable_collection<> so that callers are
guaranteed not to touch the collection itself, but still can
modify the tombstones.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Some callers of mutation_partition::row_tomstones() don't want
(and shouldn't) modify the list itself, while they may want to
modify the tombstones. This patch explicitly locates those that
need to modify the collection, because the next patch will
return immutable collection for the others.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Patch the .clustered_rows() method to return the btree of rows
wrapped into the immutable_collection<> so that callers are
guaranteed not to touch the collection itself, but still can
modify the elements in it.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Some callers of mutation_partition::clustered_rows() don't want
(and shouldn't) modify the tree of rows, while they may want to
modify the rows themselves. This patch explicitly locates those
that need to modify the collection, because the next patch will
return immutable collection for the others.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Its methods that provide access to enclosed collections of rows
and range tombstones are intermixed, so group them for smoother
next patching and mark noexcept while at it.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
In preparation for tracking different kinds of objects, not just
rows_entry, in the LRU, switch to the LRU implementation form
utils/lru.hh which can hold arbitrary element type.
There are some pieces left doing res <=> 0 with the
res now being a strong_ordering itself. All these can
be just dropped.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
It turned out that all the users of btree can already be converted
to use safer std::strong_ordering. The only meaningful change here
is the btree code itself -- no more ints there.
tests: unit(dev)
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Message-Id: <20210330153648.27049-1-xemul@scylladb.com>
After switching cells storage onto compact radix tree it
becomes useful to know the tree nodes' sizes.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Now when the 3rd storage type (radix tree) is all in, old
storage can be safely removed. The result is:
1. memory footprint
sizeof(class row): 112 => 16 bytes
sizeof(rows_entry): 126 => 120 bytes
the "in cache" value depends on the number of cells:
num of cells master patch
1 752 656
2 808 712
3 864 768
4 920 824
5 968 936
6 1136 992
...
16 1840 1672
17 1904 1992 (+88)
18 1976 2048 (+72)
19 2048 2104 (+56)
20 2120 2160 (+40)
21 2184 2208 (+24)
22 2256 2264 ( +8)
23 2328 2320
...
32 2960 2808
After 32 cells the storage switches into rbtree with
24-bytes per-cell overhead and the radix tree improvement
rocketlaunches
64 7872 6056
128 15040 9512
256 29376 18568
2. perf_mutation test is enhanced by this series and the
results differ depending on the number of columns used
tps value
--column-count master patch
1 59.9k 57.6k (-3.8%)
2 59.9k 57.5k
4 59.8k 57.6k
8 57.6k 57.7k <- eq
16 56.3k 57.6k
32 53.2k 57.4k (+7.9%)
A note on this. Last time 1-column test was ~5% worse which
was explained by inline storage of 5 cells that's present on
current implementation and was absent in radix tree.
An attempt to make inline storage for small radix trees
resulted in complete loss of memory footprint gain, but gave
fraction of percent to perf_mutation performance. So this
version doesn't have inline nodes.
The 1.2% improvement from v2 surprisingly came from the
tree::clone_from() which in v2 was work-around-ed by slow
walk+emplace sequence while this version has the optimized
API call for cloning.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Currently class row uses a union of a vector and a set to keep
the cells and switches between them. Add the 3rd type with the
radix tree, but never switch to it, just to show how the operations
would look like. Later on vector and set will be removed and the
whole row will be immediately switched to the radix tree storage.
NB: All the added places have indentation deliberately broken, so
that next patch will just remove the surrounding (old) code away
and (most of) the new one will happen in its place instantly.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
The switch is pretty straightforward, and consists of
- change less-compare into tri-compare
- rename insert/insert_check into insert_before_hint
- use tree::key_grabber in mutation_partition::apply_monotonically to
exception-safely transfer a row from one tree to another
- explicitly erase the row from tree in rows_entry::on_evicted, there's
a O(1) tree::iterator method for this
- rewrite rows_entry -> cache_entry transofrmation in the on_evicted to
fit the B-tree API
- include the B-tree's external memory usage into stats
That's it. The number of keys per node was is set to 12 with linear search
and linear extention of 20 because
- experimenting with tree shows that numbers 8 through 10 keys with linear
search show the best performance on stress tests for insert/find-s of
keys that are memcmp-able arrays of bytes (which is an approximation of
current clustring key compare). More keys work slower, but still better
than any bigger value with any type of search up to 64 keys per node
- having 12 keys per nodes is the threshold at which the memory footprint
for B-tree becomes smaller than for boost::intrusive::set for partitions
with 32+ keys
- 20 keys for linear root eats the first-split peak and still performs
well in linear search
As a result the footpring for B tree is bigger than the one for BST only for
trees filled with 21...32 keys by 0.1...0.7 bytes per key.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Turn the rows_entry less-comparator's calls into a template as
they are nothing but wrappers on top of rows_entyry tri-comparator.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Currently, frozen mutations, that contain partitions with out-of-order
or duplicate rows will trigger (if they even do) an assert in
`row::append_cell()`. However, this results in poor diagnostics (if at
all) as the context doesn't contain enough information on what exactly
went wrong. This results in a cryptic error message and an investigation
that can only start after looking at a coredump.
This series remedies this problem by explicitly checking for
out-of-order and duplicate rows, as early as possible, when the
supposedly empty row is created. If the row already existed (is a
duplicate) or it is not the last row in the partition (out-of-order row)
an exception is thrown and the deserialization is aborted. To further
improve diagnostics, the partition context is also added to the
exception.
Tests: unit(release)
* botond/frozen-mutation-bad-row-diagnostics/v3:
frozen_mutation: add partition context to errors coming from deserializing
partition_builder: accept_row(): use append_clustering_row()
mutation_partition: add append_clustered_row()
When a rows_entry is added to row_cache it's constructed from
clustering_row by unpacking all its internals and putting
them into the rows_entry's deletable_row. There's a shorter
way -- the clustering_row already has the deletale_row onboard
from which rows_entry can copy-construct its.
This lets keeping the rows_entry and deletable_row set of
constructors a bit shorter.
tests: unit(dev)
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Message-Id: <20201224161112.20394-1-xemul@scylladb.com>
The classes touche private data of each other for no real
reason. Putting the interaction behind API makes it easier
to track the usage.
* xemul/br-unfriends-in-row-cache-2:
row cache: Unfriend classes from each other
rows_entry: Move container/hooks types declarations
rows_entry: Simplify LRU unlink
mutation_partition: Define .replace_with method for rows_entry
mutation_partition: Use rows_entry::apply_monotonically
Define container types near the containing elements' hook
members, so that they could be private without the need
to friend classes with each other.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
The cache_tracker tries to access private member of the
rows_entry to unlink it, but the lru_type is auto_unlink
and can unlink itself.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
With the new hashing routine, null values are taken into account
when computing row digest. Previous behavior had a regression
which stopped computing the hash after the first null value
is encountered, but the original behavior was also prone
to errors - e.g. row [1, NULL, 2] was not distinguishable
from [1, 2, NULL], because their hashes were identical.
This hashing is not yet active - it will only be used after
the next commit introduces a proper cluster feature for it.
appending_hash<row> specialisation is declared and defined in a *.cc file
which means it cannot have a dedicated unit test. This patch moves the
declaration to the corresponding *.hh file.
The clustering_row is deletable_row + clustering_key, all
its internals work exactly as the relevant deletable_row's
ones.
The similar relation is between static_row and row, and
the former wrapes the latter, so here's the same trick
for the non-static row classes.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
The deletable_row accepts clustering_row in constructor and
.apply() method. The next patch will make clustering_row
embed the deletable_row inside, so those two methods will
violate layering and should be fixed in advance.
The fix is in providing a clustering_row method to convert
itself into a deletable_row. There are two places that need
this: mutation_fragment_applier and partition_snapshot_row_cursor.
Both methods pass temporary clustering_row value, so the
method in question is also move-converter.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Currently, we cannot select more than 2^32 rows from a table because we are limited by types of
variables containing the numbers of rows. This patch changes these types and sets new limits.
The new limits take effect while selecting all rows from a table - custom limits of rows in a result
stay the same (2^32-1).
In classes which are being serialized and used in messaging, in order to be able to process queries
originating from older nodes, the top 32 bits of new integers are optional and stay at the end
of the class - if they're absent we assume they equal 0.
The backward compatibility was tested by querying an older node for a paged selection, using the
received paging_state with the same select statement on an upgraded node, and comparing the returned
rows with the result generated for the same query by the older node, additionally checking if the
paging_state returned by the upgraded node contained new fields with correct values. Also verified
if the older node simply ignores the top 32 bits of the remaining rows number when handling a query
with a paging_state originating from an upgraded node by generating and sending such a query to
an older node and checking the paging_state in the reply(using python driver).
Fixes#5101.
The comparison operator (<=>) default implementation happens to exactly
match tombstone::compare(), so use the compiler-generated defaults. Also
default operator== and operator!= (these are not brought in by operator<=>).
These become slightly faster as they perform just an equality comparison,
not three-way compare.
shadowable_tombstone and row_tombstone depend on tombstone::compare(),
so convert them too in a similar way.
with_relational_operations.hh becomes unused, so delete it.
Tests: unit (dev)
Message-Id: <20200602055626.2874801-1-avi@scylladb.com>
The header sits in many other headers, but there's a handy
schema_fwd.hh that's tiny and contains needed declarations
for other headers. So replace shema.hh with schema_fwd.hh
in most of the headers (and remove completely from some).
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@scylladb.com>
Message-Id: <20200303102050.18462-1-xemul@scylladb.com>
This change corrects condition on which a row was considered expired by
its TTL.
The logic that decides when a row becomes expired was inconsistent with
the logic that decides if a single cell is expired. A single cell
becomes expired when `expiry_timestamp <= now`, while a row became
expired when `expiry_timestamp < now` (notice the strict inequality).
For rows inserted with TTL, this caused non-key cells to expire (change
their values to null) one second before the row disappeared. Now, row
expiry logic uses non-strict inequality.
Fixes: #4263, #5290.
Tests:
- unit(dev)
- python test described in issue #5290
Adds per-table metrics for counting partition and row reuse
in memtables. New metrics are as follows:
- memtable_partition_writes - number of write operations performed
on partitions in memtables,
- memtable_partition_hits - number of write operations performed
on partitions that previously existed in a memtable,
- memtable_row_writes - number of row write operations performed
in memtables,
- memtable_row_hits - number of row write operations that ovewrote
rows previously present in a memtable.
Tests: unit(release)
A SELECT statement that has clustering key restrictions isn't supposed
to return static content if no regular rows matches the restrictions,
see #589. However, for the CAS statement we do need to return static
content on failure so this patch adds a flag that allows the caller to
override this behavior.
The static row can be rare: many tables don't have them, and tables
that do will often have mutations without them (if the static row
is rarely updated, it may be present in the cache and in readers,
but absent in memtable mutations). However, it always consumes ~100
bytes of memory, even if it not present, due to row's overhead.
Change it to be optional by using lazy_row instead of row. Some call
sites treewide were adjusted to deal with the extra indirection.
perf_simple_query appears to improve by 2%, from 163krps to 165 krps,
though it's hard to be sure due to noisy measurements.
memory_footprint comparisons (before/after):
mutation footprint: mutation footprint:
- in cache: 1096 - in cache: 992
- in memtable: 854 - in memtable: 750
- in sstable: 351 - in sstable: 351
- frozen: 540 - frozen: 540
- canonical: 827 - canonical: 827
- query result: 342 - query result: 342
sizeof(cache_entry) = 112 sizeof(cache_entry) = 112
-- sizeof(decorated_key) = 36 -- sizeof(decorated_key) = 36
-- sizeof(cache_link_type) = 32 -- sizeof(cache_link_type) = 32
-- sizeof(mutation_partition) = 200 -- sizeof(mutation_partition) = 96
-- -- sizeof(_static_row) = 112 -- -- sizeof(_static_row) = 8
-- -- sizeof(_rows) = 24 -- -- sizeof(_rows) = 24
-- -- sizeof(_row_tombstones) = 40 -- -- sizeof(_row_tombstones) = 40
sizeof(rows_entry) = 232 sizeof(rows_entry) = 232
sizeof(lru_link_type) = 16 sizeof(lru_link_type) = 16
sizeof(deletable_row) = 168 sizeof(deletable_row) = 168
sizeof(row) = 112 sizeof(row) = 112
sizeof(atomic_cell_or_collection) = 8 sizeof(atomic_cell_or_collection) = 8
Tests: unit (dev)
lazy_row adds indirection to the row class, in order to reduce storage requirements
when the row is not present. The intent is to use it for the static row, which is
not present in many schemas, and is often not present in writes even in schemas that
have a static row.
Indirection is done using managed_ref, which is lsa-compatible.
lazy_row implements most of row's methods, and a few more:
- get(), get_existing(), and maybe_create(): bypass the abstraction and the
underlying row
- some methods that accept a row parameter also have an overload with a lazy_row
parameter
This patch makes mutation_partition validate the invariant that it's
supposed to be accessed only with the schema version which it conforms
to.
Refs #5095
The new collector parameter is a pointer to a
`compaction_garbage_collector` implementation. This collector is passed
the row_marker when it expired and would be discarded.
The collector param is optional and defaults to nullptr.
The new collector parameter is a pointer to a
`compaction_garbage_collector` implementation. This collector is passed
all atoms that are expired and can would be discarded. The body of
`compact_and_expire()` was changed so that it checks cells' tombstone
coverage before it checks their expiry, so that cells that are both
covered by a tombstone and also expired are not passed to the collector.
The collector is forwarded to
`collection_type_impl::mutation::compact_and_expire()` as well.
The collector param is optional and defaults to nullptr
