`duration` is a new native type that was introduced in Cassandra 3.10 [1].
Support for parsing and the internal representation of the type was added in
8fa47b74e8.
Important note: The version of cqlsh distributed with Scylla does not have
support for durations included (it was added to Cassandra in [2]). To test this
change, you can use cqlsh distributed with Cassandra.
Duration types are useful when working with time-series tables, because they can
be used to manipulate date-time values in relative terms.
Two interesting applications are:
- Aggregation by time intervals [3]:
`SELECT * FROM my_table GROUP BY floor(time, 3h)`
- Querying on changes in date-times:
`SELECT ... WHERE last_heartbeat_time < now() - 3h`
(Note: neither of these is currently supported, though columns with duration
values are.)
Internally, durations are represented as three signed counters: one for months,
for days, and for nanoseconds. Each of these counters is serialized using a
variable-length encoding which is described in version 5 of the CQL native
protocol specification.
The representation of a duration as three counters means that a semantic
ordering on durations doesn't exist: Is `1mo` greater than `1mo1d`? We cannot
know, because some months have more days than others. Durations can only have a
concrete absolute value when they are "attached" to absolute date-time
references. For example, `2015-04-31 at 12:00:00 + 1mo`.
That duration values are not comparable presents some difficulties for the
implementation, because most CQL types are. Like in Cassandra's implementation
[2], I adopted a similar strategy to the way restrictions on the `counter` type
are checked. A type "references" a duration if it is either a duration or it
contains a duration (like a `tuple<..., duration, ...>`, or a UDT with a
duration member).
The following restrictions apply on durations. Note that some of these contexts
are either experimental features (materialized views), or not currently
supported at run-time (though support exists in the parser and code, so it is
prudent to add the restrictions now):
- Durations cannot appear in any part of a primary key, either for tables or
materialized views.
- Durations cannot be directly used as the element type of a `set`, nor can they
be used as the key type of a `map`. Because internal ordering on durations is
based on a byte-level comparison, this property of Cassandra was intended to
help avoid user confusion around ordering of collection elements.
- Secondary indexes on durations are not supported.
- "Slice" relations (<=, <, >=, >) are not supported on durations with `WHERE`
restrictions (like `SELECT ... WHERE span <= 3d`). Multi-column restrictions
only work with clustering columns, which cannot be `duration` due to the
first rule.
- "Slice" relations are not supported on durations with query conditions (like
`UPDATE my_table ... IF span > 5us`).
Backwards incompatibility note:
As described in the documentation [4], duration literals take one of two
forms: either ISO 8601 formats (there are three), or a "standard" format. The ISO
8601 formats start with "P" (like "P5W"). Therefore, identifiers that have this
form are no longer supported.
Fixes#2240.
[1] https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-11873
[2] bfd57d13b7
[3] https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-11871
[4] http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/cql/types.html#working-with-durations
"This series adds an option to use paging in internal query and use that for the
get compaction history function.
Internal paging will be done explicitly, to use paging, you first create a
state object (that contains the query as well) and use that state to get the
first page, the result will contain both the query result and a new state that
can be used to get the next page.
Fixes#2366"
* 'amnon/paged_compaction_history_v5' of github.com:cloudius-systems/seastar-dev:
system_keyspace: Use paging for get compaction history
Add paging for internal queries
query_options: Allows creating query_options from query_options
Usually, internal queries are used for short queries. Sometimes though,
like in the case of get compaction history, there could be a large
amount of results. Without paging it will overload the system.
This patch adds the ability to use paging internally.
Using paging will be done explicitely, all the relevant information
would be store in an internal_query_state, that would hold both the
paging state but also the query so consecutive calls can be made.
To use paging use the query method with a function.
The function gets beside a statement and its parameters a function that
will be used for each of the returned rows.
For example if qp is a query_processor:
qp.query("SELECT * from system.compaction_history", [] (const cql3::untyped_result_set::row& row) {
....
// do something with row
...
return stop_iteration::no; // keep on reading
});
Will run the function on each of the compaction history table rows.
To stop the iteration, the function can return stop_iteration::yes.
Some places remained where code looked directly at
system_keyspace::NAME to determine iff a ks is
considered special/system/protected. Including
schema digest calculation.
Export "is_system_keyspace" and use accordingly.
Message-Id: <1500469809-23546-1-git-send-email-calle@scylladb.com>
We are using C* 3.x compatible layout in schema tables but want to
keep using the 1.7 layout in memory for compatibility during rolling
upgrade. This patch switches the schema and schema_builder classes
back to the old layout. Translation of layout happens when converting
to/from schema mutations.
Notable changes:
1) Includes a revert of commit 6260f31e08
"thrift: Update CQL mapping of static CFs".
2) Brings back the "default_validation_class" schema attribute. In v3
it can be dervied from column definitions, but in v2 it can't, so
we have to store it.
3) legacy_schema_migrator and schema_builder don't have to do
conversions to v3, this is now handled by the v3_columns
class. schema_builder works with the same layout as schema, that
is v2.
4) Includes a revert of commit 66991a7ccb
"v3 schema test fixes"
Fixes#2555.
After f5dae826ce, static columns not
always have utf8 column names. For static compact tables it's
determined by the cell name comparator type, which is equal to the
type of the synthetic clustering column.
Caused various errors with static thrift tables with non-utf8
comparator.
query_options object cannot be changed after it was created. For
internal uses, like internal query paging, it is needed to create a new
object based on some of the data from an existing one with a new paging
state.
This patch adds a constructor from a unique_ptr and paging state.
using unique_ptr behave similar to move modify constructor.
Signed-off-by: Amnon Heiman <amnon@scylladb.com>
Use name of the existing preceeding column with restriction
(last_column) instead of assuming that the column right after the
current column already has restrictions.
This will yield an error message that is different from that of
Cassandra, albeit still a correct one.
Fixes#2421
Signed-off-by: Botond Dénes <bdenes@scylladb.com>
Message-Id: <40335768a2c8bd6c911b881c27e9ea55745c442e.1499781685.git.bdenes@scylladb.com>
Error messages incorrectly used the debug representation of the receiver,
rather than the text representation of the operation itself.
Fixes#113.
Message-Id: <20170701101325.3163-1-avi@scylladb.com>
Previously, lexing and parsing errors were aggregated while CQL queries were
evaluated. Afterwards, the first collected error (if present) would be thrown as
an exception.
The problem was that when parsing and lexing errors were aggregated this way,
the parser would continue even in spite of errors like "no viable alternative".
Semantic actions attached to grammar rules would still execute, though with
variables that had not yet been initialized. This would crash Scylla.
This change modifies the error-handling strategy of CQL parsing. Rather than
aggregate errors, we throw an exception on the first error we encounter. This
ensures that grammar actions never execute unless there is a precise match.
One possible issue with this approach is that the generated C++ code from the
ANTLR grammar may not be exception-safe. I compiled Scylla in debug-mode with
ASan support and executed several erroneous CQL queries with `cqlsh`. No memory
leaks were reported.
Fixes#2466.
Signed-off-by: Jesse Haber-Kucharsky <jhaberku@scylladb.com>
Message-Id: <db1f650a2bbb615b506d9015486eece45375a440.1498836703.git.jhaberku@scylladb.com>
This will allow expressing lack of information about certain ranges of
rows (including the static row), which will be used in cache to
determine if information in cache is complete or not.
Continuity is represented internally using flags on row entries. The
key range between two consecutive entries is continuous iff
rows_entry::continuous() is true for the later entry. The range
starting after the last entry is assumed to be continuous. The range
corresponding to the key of the entry is continuous iff
rows_entry::dummy() is false.
[tgrabiec:
- based on the following commits:
4a5bf75 - Piotr Jastrzebski : mutation_partition: introduce dummy rows_entry
773070e - Piotr Jastrzebski : mutation_partition: add continuity flag to rows_entry
- documented that partition tombstone is always complete
- require specifying the partition tombstone when creating an incomplete entry
- replaced rows_entry(dummy_tag, ...) constructor with more general
rows_entry(position_in_partition, ...)
- documented continuity semantics on mutation_partition
- fixed _static_row_cached being lost by mutation_partition copy constructors
- fixed conversion to streamed_mutation to ignore dummy entries
- fixed mutation_partition serializer to drop dummy entries
- documented semantics of continuity on mutation_partition level
- dropped assumptions that dummy entries can be only at the last position
- changed equality to ignore continuity completely, rather than
partially (it was not ignoring dummy entries, but ignoring
continuity flag)
- added printout of continuity information in mutation_partition
- fixed handling of empty entries in apply_reversibly() with regards
to continuity; we no longer can remove empty entries before
merging, since that may affect continuity of the right-hand
mutation. Added _erased flag.
- fixed mutation_partition::clustered_row() with dummy==true to not ignore the key
- fixed partition_builder to not ignore continuity
- renamed dummy_tag_t to dummy_tag. _t suffix is reserved.
- standardized all APIs on is_dummy and is_continuous bool_class:es
- replaced add_dummy_entry() with ensure_last_dummy() with safer semantics
- dropped unused remove_dummy_entry()
- simplified and inlined cache_entry::add_dummy_entry()
- fixed mutation_partition(incomplete_tag) constructor to mark all row ranges as discontinuous
]
This patch ensures we properly quote a UDT name, which may contain
characters like ".", which can lead the name to be interpreted as a
keyspace qualified name when parsed by the CQL parser.
Fixes#2491
Signed-off-by: Duarte Nunes <duarte@scylladb.com>
- introcduced "seastarx.hh" header, which does a "using namespace seastar";
- 'net' namespace conflicts with seastar::net, renamed to 'netw'.
- 'transport' namespace conflicts with seastar::transport, renamed to
cql_transport.
- "logger" global variables now conflict with logger global type, renamed
to xlogger.
- other minor changes
So that the output of a set of relations can be fed back into the CQL
parser; useful for materialized views.
Signed-off-by: Duarte Nunes <duarte@scylladb.com>
In process_clustering_columns_restrictions(), don't require all
clustering columns to be restricted if we're dealing with a
materialized view's where clause.
Signed-off-by: Duarte Nunes <duarte@scylladb.com>
In process_partition_key_restrictions(), don't require all partition
key columns to be restricted if we're dealing with a materialized
view's where clause.
Signed-off-by: Duarte Nunes <duarte@scylladb.com>
This patch implements the is_satisfied_by() function for the remaining
types of restrictions, lifting the function declaration to
abstract_restrictions.
Signed-off-by: Duarte Nunes <duarte@scylladb.com>
"Defines origin v3-format for system/schema tables, and use them for
schema storage/retrival.
Includes a legacy_schema_migrator implementation/port from origin. Note
that since we don't support features like triggers, functions and
aggregates, it will bail if encountering such a feature used.
Note also that this patch set does not convert the "hints" and
"backlog" tables, even though these have changed in v3 as well.
That will be a separate patch set.
Tested against dtests. Note that patches for dtest + ccm
will follow."
* 'calle/systemtables' of github.com:cloudius-systems/seastar-dev: (36 commits)
legacy_schema_migrator: Actually truncate legacy schema tables on finish
database: Extract "remove" from "drop_columnfamily"
v3 schema test fixes
thrift: Update CQL mapping of static CFs
schema_tables: Use v3 schema tables and formats
type_parser: Origin expects empty string -> bytes_type
cf_prop_defs: Add crc_check_chance as recognized (even if we don't use)
types_test: v3 style schemas enforce explicit "frozen" in tupes/ut:s
cql3_type: v3 to_string
cql_types: Introduce cql3_type::empty and associate with empty data_type
schema: rename column accessors to be in line with origin
schema: Add "is_static_compact_table"
schema_builder: Add helper to generate unique column names akin origin
schema: Add utility functions for static columns
schema: Use heterogeneous comparator for columns bounds
cql3_type_parser: Resolve from cql3 names/expressions
cql3_type: Add "prepare_interal" and "references_user_type"
cql3::cql3_type: Add prepare_internal path using only "local" holders
cql3_type: Add virtual destructor.
database/main: encapsulate system CF dir touching
...
Now that update_statement uses statement_restrictions, we need our
validation logic to take the statement type into account, in
particular to deal with insertion statements which only set static
columns but specify clustering values.
Signed-off-by: Duarte Nunes <duarte@scylladb.com>
This patch extracts the statement_type into its own file. The type
will be later passed to statement_restrictions for validation
purposes.
Further along, we could add methods to it that currently live in other
statements so we can move more validation into statement_restrictions.
Signed-off-by: Duarte Nunes <duarte@scylladb.com>
More pointedly: Expose columns as is (currently
all_columns_in_select_order), expose name->column mapping more
appropriately named.
Renaming like this is not strictly neccesary, but there is a point to
trying to keep nomenclature similar-ish with origin, esp. when select
order column need to become filtered (spoiler alert).
The "_specs" array contains column specifications that have the bind
marker name if there is one. That results in
get_partition_key_bind_indices() not being able to look up a column
definition for such columns. Fix the issue by keeping track of the
actual column specifications passed to add() like Cassandra does.
Fixes#2369
Message-Id: <1494397358-24795-1-git-send-email-penberg@scylladb.com>
"This patch series adds CQL front-end support for secondary indices. You
can now execute CREATE INDEX and DROP INDEX statements, which will
update the newly added "Indexes" system table. However, the indexes are
not actually backed up by anything nor are they available for CQL
queries. The feature is hidden behind a new cluster feature flag and
enabled only with the "--experimental" flag."
* 'penberg/cql-2i/v2' of github.com:cloudius-systems/seastar-dev: (34 commits)
schema: Kill index_type enum
schema: Kill index_info class
cql3/statements/create_index_statement: Use database::existing_index_names() in validation
cql3/statements: Use secondary index manager in alter_table_statement class
index: Add secondary_index_manager
thrift/handler: Use index_metadata
db/schema_tables: Index persistence
schema: Add all_indices() to schema class
schema: Remove add_default_index_names() from schema_builder class
db/schema_tables: Add system table for indices
cql3/Cgl.g: DROP INDEX
cql3/statements: Add drop_index_statement class
database: Add find_indexed_table() to database class
cql3: Return change event from announce_migration()
cql3/statements: Multiple index targets for CREATE INDEX
cql3/statements: Use index_metadata in create_index_statement class
cql3/statements: Use feature flag in create_index_statement class
service/storage_service: Add feature flag for secondary indices
database: Add get_available_index_name() to database class
schema: Add get_default_index_name() to index_metadata class
...
