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scylladb/utils/chunked_vector.hh
Asias He 4a4fbae8f7 utils: Allow chunked_vector::erase to work with non-default-constructible type
This is needed for chunked_vector<frozen_mutation_fragment> in repair.
2025-07-29 13:43:17 +08:00

707 lines
26 KiB
C++

/*
* Copyright (C) 2017-present ScyllaDB
*/
/*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
*/
#pragma once
// chunked_vector is a vector-like container that uses discontiguous storage.
// It provides fast random access, the ability to append at the end, and aims
// to avoid large contiguous allocations - unlike std::vector which allocates
// all the data in one contiguous allocation.
//
// std::deque aims to achieve the same goals, but its implementation in
// libstdc++ still results in large contiguous allocations: std::deque
// keeps the items in small (512-byte) chunks, and then keeps a contiguous
// vector listing these chunks. This chunk vector can grow pretty big if the
// std::deque grows big: When an std::deque contains just 8 MB of data, it
// needs 16384 chunks, and the vector listing those needs 128 KB.
//
// Therefore, in chunked_vector we use much larger 128 KB chunks (this is
// configurable, with the max_contiguous_allocation template parameter).
// With 128 KB chunks, the contiguous vector listing them is 256 times
// smaller than it would be in std::dequeue with its 512-byte chunks.
//
// In particular, when a chunked_vector stores up to 2 GB of data, the
// largest contiguous allocation is guaranteed to be 128 KB: 2 GB of data
// fits in 16384 chunks of 128 KB each, and the vector of 16384 8-byte
// pointers requires another 128 KB allocation.
//
// Remember, however, that when the chunked_vector grows beyond 2 GB, its
// largest contiguous allocation (used to store the chunk list) continues to
// grow as O(N). This is not a problem for current real-world uses of
// chunked_vector which never reach 2 GB.
//
// Always allocating large 128 KB chunks can be wasteful for small vectors;
// This is why std::deque chose small 512-byte chunks. chunked_vector solves
// this problem differently: It makes the last chunk variable in size,
// possibly smaller than a full 128 KB.
#include "utils/small_vector.hh"
#include <ranges>
#include <memory>
#include <type_traits>
#include <iterator>
#include <utility>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <fmt/ostream.h>
namespace utils {
struct chunked_vector_free_deleter {
void operator()(void* x) const { ::free(x); }
};
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation = 128*1024>
class chunked_vector {
using chunk_ptr = std::unique_ptr<T[], chunked_vector_free_deleter>;
// Each chunk holds max_chunk_capacity() items, except possibly the last
utils::small_vector<chunk_ptr, 1> _chunks;
size_t _size = 0;
size_t _capacity = 0;
public:
// Maximum number of T elements fitting in a single chunk.
static constexpr size_t max_chunk_capacity() {
return std::max(max_contiguous_allocation / sizeof(T), size_t(1));
}
// Minimum number of T elements allocated in the first chunk.
static constexpr size_t min_chunk_capacity() {
return std::clamp(512 / sizeof(T), size_t(1), max_chunk_capacity());
}
private:
std::pair<chunk_ptr, size_t> get_chunk_before_emplace_back();
void set_chunk_after_emplace_back(std::pair<chunk_ptr, size_t>) noexcept;
void make_room(size_t n, bool stop_after_one);
chunk_ptr new_chunk(size_t n);
void resize_smaller(size_t n);
T* addr(size_t i) const {
return &_chunks[i / max_chunk_capacity()][i % max_chunk_capacity()];
}
void check_bounds(size_t i) const {
if (i >= _size) {
throw std::out_of_range("chunked_vector out of range access");
}
}
static void migrate(T* begin, T* end, T* result);
public:
using value_type = T;
using size_type = size_t;
using difference_type = ssize_t;
using reference = T&;
using const_reference = const T&;
using pointer = T*;
using const_pointer = const T*;
public:
chunked_vector() = default;
chunked_vector(const chunked_vector& x);
// Moving a chunked_vector invalidates all iterators to it
chunked_vector(chunked_vector&& x) noexcept;
template <typename Iterator>
chunked_vector(Iterator begin, Iterator end);
template <std::ranges::range Range>
requires std::convertible_to<std::ranges::range_value_t<Range>, T>
chunked_vector(std::from_range_t, Range&& range);
chunked_vector(std::initializer_list<T> x);
explicit chunked_vector(size_t n, const T& value = T());
~chunked_vector();
chunked_vector& operator=(const chunked_vector& x);
// Moving a chunked_vector invalidates all iterators to it
chunked_vector& operator=(chunked_vector&& x) noexcept;
bool empty() const {
return !_size;
}
size_t size() const {
return _size;
}
size_t capacity() const {
return _capacity;
}
T& operator[](size_t i) {
return *addr(i);
}
const T& operator[](size_t i) const {
return *addr(i);
}
T& at(size_t i) {
check_bounds(i);
return *addr(i);
}
const T& at(size_t i) const {
check_bounds(i);
return *addr(i);
}
void push_back(const T& x) {
emplace_back(x);
}
void push_back(T&& x) {
emplace_back(std::move(x));
}
template <typename... Args>
T& emplace_back(Args&&... args) {
pointer ret;
if (_capacity > _size) {
ret = new (addr(_size)) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
} else {
// Allocate an empty new chunk for the new element.
// It's ok to lose it if `new` below throws as
// there are still no side effects on existing elements.
auto x = get_chunk_before_emplace_back();
// Emplace the new element in the newly allocated chunk.
ret = new (x.first.get() + _size % max_chunk_capacity()) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
// Setting the new chunk back is noexcept,
// as throwing at this stage may lose data if emplacing used the move-constructor.
set_chunk_after_emplace_back(std::move(x));
}
++_size;
return *ret;
}
void pop_back() {
--_size;
addr(_size)->~T();
}
const T& back() const {
return *addr(_size - 1);
}
T& back() {
return *addr(_size - 1);
}
void clear();
void shrink_to_fit();
void resize(size_t n);
void reserve(size_t n) {
if (n > _capacity) {
make_room(n, false);
}
}
/// Reserve some of the memory.
///
/// Allows reserving the memory chunk-by-chunk, avoiding stalls when a lot of
/// chunks are needed. To drive the reservation to completion, call this
/// repeatedly until the vector's capacity reaches the expected size, yielding
/// between calls when necessary. Example usage:
///
/// return do_until([&my_vector, size] { return my_vector.capacity() == size; }, [&my_vector, size] () mutable {
/// my_vector.reserve_partial(size);
/// });
///
/// Here, `do_until()` takes care of yielding between iterations when
/// necessary.
///
/// The recommended way to use this method is by calling utils::reserve_gently() from stall_free.hh
/// instead of looping with this method directly. utils::reserve_gently() will repeatedly call this
/// method to reserve the required quantity, yielding between calls when necessary.
void reserve_partial(size_t n) {
if (n > _capacity) {
make_room(n, true);
}
}
size_t memory_size() const {
return _capacity * sizeof(T);
}
size_t external_memory_usage() const;
public:
template <class ValueType>
class iterator_type {
// Note that _chunks points to the chunked_vector::_chunks data
// and therefore it is invalidated when the chunked_vector is moved
const chunk_ptr* _chunks = nullptr;
size_t _i = 0;
public:
using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
using value_type = ValueType;
using difference_type = ssize_t;
using pointer = ValueType*;
using reference = ValueType&;
private:
pointer addr() const {
return &_chunks[_i / max_chunk_capacity()][_i % max_chunk_capacity()];
}
iterator_type(const chunk_ptr* chunks, size_t i) : _chunks(chunks), _i(i) {}
public:
iterator_type() = default;
iterator_type(const iterator_type<std::remove_const_t<ValueType>>& x) : _chunks(x._chunks), _i(x._i) {} // needed for iterator->const_iterator conversion
reference operator*() const {
return *addr();
}
pointer operator->() const {
return addr();
}
reference operator[](ssize_t n) const {
return *(*this + n);
}
iterator_type& operator++() {
++_i;
return *this;
}
iterator_type operator++(int) {
auto x = *this;
++_i;
return x;
}
iterator_type& operator--() {
--_i;
return *this;
}
iterator_type operator--(int) {
auto x = *this;
--_i;
return x;
}
iterator_type& operator+=(ssize_t n) {
_i += n;
return *this;
}
iterator_type& operator-=(ssize_t n) {
_i -= n;
return *this;
}
iterator_type operator+(ssize_t n) const {
auto x = *this;
return x += n;
}
iterator_type operator-(ssize_t n) const {
auto x = *this;
return x -= n;
}
friend iterator_type operator+(ssize_t n, iterator_type a) {
return a + n;
}
friend ssize_t operator-(iterator_type a, iterator_type b) {
return a._i - b._i;
}
bool operator==(iterator_type x) const {
return _i == x._i;
}
bool operator<(iterator_type x) const {
return _i < x._i;
}
bool operator<=(iterator_type x) const {
return _i <= x._i;
}
bool operator>(iterator_type x) const {
return _i > x._i;
}
bool operator>=(iterator_type x) const {
return _i >= x._i;
}
friend class chunked_vector;
};
using iterator = iterator_type<T>;
using const_iterator = iterator_type<const T>;
public:
const T& front() const { return *cbegin(); }
T& front() { return *begin(); }
iterator begin() { return iterator(_chunks.data(), 0); }
iterator end() { return iterator(_chunks.data(), _size); }
const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator(_chunks.data(), 0); }
const_iterator end() const { return const_iterator(_chunks.data(), _size); }
const_iterator cbegin() const { return const_iterator(_chunks.data(), 0); }
const_iterator cend() const { return const_iterator(_chunks.data(), _size); }
std::reverse_iterator<iterator> rbegin() { return std::reverse_iterator(end()); }
std::reverse_iterator<iterator> rend() { return std::reverse_iterator(begin()); }
std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> rbegin() const { return std::reverse_iterator(end()); }
std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> rend() const { return std::reverse_iterator(begin()); }
std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> crbegin() const { return std::reverse_iterator(cend()); }
std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> crend() const { return std::reverse_iterator(cbegin()); }
public:
bool operator==(const chunked_vector& x) const {
return std::ranges::equal(*this, x);
}
public:
iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const T& x);
iterator insert(const_iterator pos, T&& x);
template <typename Iterator>
iterator insert(const_iterator post, Iterator first, Iterator last);
template <typename... Args>
iterator emplace(const_iterator pos, Args&&... args);
iterator erase(iterator pos);
iterator erase(const_iterator pos);
iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last);
iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
void swap(chunked_vector& x) noexcept;
};
template<typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
size_t chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::external_memory_usage() const {
size_t result = 0;
for (auto&& chunk : _chunks) {
result += ::malloc_usable_size(chunk.get());
}
return result;
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::chunked_vector(const chunked_vector& x)
: chunked_vector() {
auto size = x.size();
reserve(size);
for (size_t i = 0; _size < size; ++i) {
const T* src = x._chunks[i].get();
T* dst = _chunks[i].get();
auto now = std::min(size - _size, max_chunk_capacity());
std::uninitialized_copy_n(src, now, dst);
// Update _size incrementally to let the destructor
// know how much data to destroy on exception
_size += now;
}
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::chunked_vector(chunked_vector&& x) noexcept
: _chunks(std::exchange(x._chunks, {}))
, _size(std::exchange(x._size, 0))
, _capacity(std::exchange(x._capacity, 0)) {
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
template <typename Iterator>
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::chunked_vector(Iterator begin, Iterator end)
: chunked_vector() {
constexpr auto is_forward = std::is_base_of<std::forward_iterator_tag, typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::iterator_category>::value;
if constexpr (is_forward) {
size_t size = std::distance(begin, end);
reserve(size);
for (size_t i = 0; _size < size; ++i) {
T* dst = _chunks[i].get();
auto now = std::min(size - _size, max_chunk_capacity());
begin = std::ranges::uninitialized_copy_n(begin, now, dst, dst + now).in;
// Update _size incrementally to let the destructor
// know how much data to destroy on exception
_size += now;
}
} else {
std::copy(begin, end, std::back_inserter(*this));
shrink_to_fit();
}
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
template <std::ranges::range Range>
requires std::convertible_to<std::ranges::range_value_t<Range>, T>
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::chunked_vector(std::from_range_t, Range&& range)
: chunked_vector() {
if constexpr (std::ranges::forward_range<Range>) {
size_t size = std::ranges::distance(range);
reserve(size);
auto begin = std::ranges::begin(range);
for (size_t i = 0; _size < size; ++i) {
T* dst = _chunks[i].get();
auto now = std::min(size - _size, max_chunk_capacity());
begin = std::ranges::uninitialized_copy_n(begin, now, dst, dst + now).in;
// Update _size incrementally to let the destructor
// know how much data to destroy on exception
_size += now;
}
} else {
std::ranges::copy(range, std::back_inserter(*this));
}
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::chunked_vector(std::initializer_list<T> x)
: chunked_vector(std::begin(x), std::end(x)) {
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::chunked_vector(size_t n, const T& value)
: chunked_vector() {
reserve(n);
for (auto cp = _chunks.begin(); _size < n; ++cp) {
auto now = std::min(n - _size, max_chunk_capacity());
std::uninitialized_fill_n(cp->get(), now, value);
_size += now;
}
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>&
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::operator=(const chunked_vector& x) {
auto tmp = chunked_vector(x);
return *this = std::move(tmp);
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
inline
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>&
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::operator=(chunked_vector&& x) noexcept {
if (this != &x) {
this->~chunked_vector();
new (this) chunked_vector(std::move(x));
}
return *this;
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::~chunked_vector() {
// This assert logically belongs as a constraint on T, but then
// we can't forward-declare typedefs that use chunked_vector<T> on
// an incomplete type T.
static_assert(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value, "T must be nothrow move constructible");
if constexpr (!std::is_trivially_destructible_v<T>) {
for (auto cp = _chunks.begin(); _size; ++cp) {
auto now = std::min(_size, max_chunk_capacity());
std::destroy_n(cp->get(), now);
_size -= now;
}
}
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
typename chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::chunk_ptr
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::new_chunk(size_t n) {
auto p = malloc(n * sizeof(T));
if (!p) {
throw std::bad_alloc();
}
return chunk_ptr(reinterpret_cast<T*>(p));
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
void
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::migrate(T* begin, T* end, T* result) {
std::uninitialized_move(begin, end, result);
std::destroy(begin, end);
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
void
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::make_room(size_t n, bool stop_after_one) {
// First, if the last chunk is below max_chunk_capacity(), enlarge it
auto last_chunk_capacity_deficit = _chunks.size() * max_chunk_capacity() - _capacity;
if (last_chunk_capacity_deficit) {
auto last_chunk_capacity = max_chunk_capacity() - last_chunk_capacity_deficit;
auto capacity_increase = std::min(last_chunk_capacity_deficit, n - _capacity);
auto new_last_chunk_capacity = last_chunk_capacity + capacity_increase;
// FIXME: realloc? maybe not worth the complication; only works for PODs
auto new_last_chunk = new_chunk(new_last_chunk_capacity);
if (_size > _capacity - last_chunk_capacity) {
migrate(addr(_capacity - last_chunk_capacity), addr(_size), new_last_chunk.get());
}
_chunks.back() = std::move(new_last_chunk);
_capacity += capacity_increase;
}
// Reduce reallocations in the _chunks vector
auto nr_chunks = (n + max_chunk_capacity() - 1) / max_chunk_capacity();
_chunks.reserve(nr_chunks);
// Add more chunks as needed
bool stop = false;
while (_capacity < n && !stop) {
auto now = std::min(n - _capacity, max_chunk_capacity());
_chunks.push_back(new_chunk(now));
_capacity += now;
stop = stop_after_one;
}
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
std::pair<typename chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::chunk_ptr, size_t> chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::get_chunk_before_emplace_back() {
// Allocate a new chunk that will either replace the first, non-full chunk
// or will be appended to the chunks list
size_t new_chunk_capacity;
if (_capacity == 0) {
// This is the first allocation in the chunked_vector, therefore
// allocate a bit of room in case utilization will be low
new_chunk_capacity = min_chunk_capacity();
} else if (_capacity < max_chunk_capacity() / 2) {
// We're expanding the first chunk now,
// exponential increase when only one chunk to reduce copying
new_chunk_capacity = _capacity * 2;
} else {
// This case is for expanding the first chunk to max_chunk_capacity, or when adding more chunks, so
// add a chunk at a time later, since no copying will take place
new_chunk_capacity = max_chunk_capacity();
if (_chunks.capacity() == _chunks.size()) {
// Ensure place for the new chunk before emplacing the new element
// Since emplacing the new chunk_ptr into _chunks below must not throw.
_chunks.reserve(_chunks.size() * 2);
}
}
return std::make_pair(new_chunk(new_chunk_capacity), new_chunk_capacity);
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
void chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::set_chunk_after_emplace_back(std::pair<chunk_ptr, size_t> x) noexcept {
auto new_chunk_ptr = std::move(x.first);
auto new_chunk_capacity = x.second;
// If the new chunk is replacing the first chunk, migrate the existing elements onto it.
// Otherwise, just append it to the _chunks vector.
// Note that this part must not throw, since we've already emplaced the new element into the
// vector. If we lose the new_chunk now, we might lose data if we the new element was move-constructed.
auto last_chunk_size = _size % max_chunk_capacity();
if (last_chunk_size) {
// We're reallocating the last chunk, so migrate the existing elements to the newly allocated chunk.
// This is safe since we require that the values are nothrow_move_constructible.
migrate(_chunks.back().get(), _chunks.back().get() + last_chunk_size, new_chunk_ptr.get());
_chunks.back() = std::move(new_chunk_ptr);
} else {
// If all (or none) of the existing chunks are full,
// the new chunk will contain only the emplaced element,
// and so we just need to append it to _chunks,
// without migrating any existing elements.
_chunks.emplace_back(std::move(new_chunk_ptr));
}
// `(_chunks.size() - 1) * max_chunk_capacity()` is the capacity of all chunks except the last chunk.
// If this is the first chunk - that part would be 0.
// Add to it the last chunk `new_chunk_capacity`.
_capacity = (_chunks.size() - 1) * max_chunk_capacity() + new_chunk_capacity;
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
void
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::resize(size_t n) {
if (n < _size) {
resize_smaller(n);
return;
}
reserve(n);
// FIXME: construct whole chunks at once
while (_size < n) {
push_back(T{});
}
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
void
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::resize_smaller(size_t n) {
while (_size > n) {
pop_back();
}
shrink_to_fit();
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
void
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::shrink_to_fit() {
if (_chunks.empty()) {
return;
}
while (!_chunks.empty() && _size <= (_chunks.size() - 1) * max_chunk_capacity()) {
_chunks.pop_back();
_capacity = _chunks.size() * max_chunk_capacity();
}
auto overcapacity = _size - _capacity;
if (overcapacity) {
auto new_last_chunk_capacity = _size - (_chunks.size() - 1) * max_chunk_capacity();
// FIXME: realloc? maybe not worth the complication; only works for PODs
auto new_last_chunk = new_chunk(new_last_chunk_capacity);
migrate(addr((_chunks.size() - 1) * max_chunk_capacity()), addr(_size), new_last_chunk.get());
_chunks.back() = std::move(new_last_chunk);
_capacity = _size;
}
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
void
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::clear() {
while (_size > 0) {
pop_back();
}
shrink_to_fit();
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
typename chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::iterator
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::insert(const_iterator pos, const T& x) {
auto insert_idx = pos - begin();
push_back(x);
std::rotate(begin() + insert_idx, end() - 1, end());
return begin() + insert_idx;
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
typename chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::iterator
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::insert(const_iterator pos, T&& x) {
auto insert_idx = pos - begin();
push_back(std::move(x));
std::rotate(begin() + insert_idx, end() - 1, end());
return begin() + insert_idx;
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
template <typename Iterator>
typename chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::iterator
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::insert(const_iterator pos, Iterator first, Iterator last) {
auto insert_idx = pos - begin();
auto n_insert = std::distance(first, last);
reserve(size() + n_insert);
std::copy(first, last, std::back_inserter(*this));
std::rotate(begin() + insert_idx, end() - n_insert, end());
return begin() + insert_idx;
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
template <typename... Args>
typename chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::iterator
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::emplace(const_iterator pos, Args&&... args) {
auto insert_idx = pos - begin();
emplace_back(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
std::rotate(begin() + insert_idx, end() - 1, end());
return begin() + insert_idx;
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
typename chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::iterator
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last) {
auto erase_idx = first - begin();
auto n_erase = last - first;
std::rotate(begin() + erase_idx, begin() + erase_idx + n_erase, end());
resize_smaller(size() - n_erase);
return begin() + erase_idx;
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
typename chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::iterator
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::erase(const_iterator pos) {
return erase(pos, pos + 1);
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
typename chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::iterator
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::erase(iterator first, iterator last) {
return erase(const_iterator(first), const_iterator(last));
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
typename chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::iterator
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::erase(iterator pos) {
return erase(const_iterator(pos));
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
void
chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>::swap(chunked_vector& x) noexcept {
using std::swap;
swap(_chunks, x._chunks);
swap(_size, x._size);
swap(_capacity, x._capacity);
}
template <typename T, size_t max_contiguous_allocation>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const chunked_vector<T, max_contiguous_allocation>& v) {
fmt::print(os, "{}", v);
return os;
}
}