Refs #16757
Allows waiting for all previous and pending segment deletes to finish.
Useful if a caller of `discard_completed_segments` (i.e. a memtable
flush target) not only wants to ensure segments are clean and released,
but thoroughly deleted/recycled, and hence no treat to resurrecting
data on crash+restart.
Test included.
Closesscylladb/scylladb#16801