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<section id="glossary">
<span id="id1"></span><h1>Glossary<a class="headerlink" href="#glossary" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<dl class="glossary">
<dt id="term-Anti-entropy">Anti-entropy<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Anti-entropy" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A state where data is in order and organized. ScyllaDB has processes in place to make sure that data is antientropic where all replicas contain the most recent data and that data is consistent between replicas. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/anti-entropy/index.html"><span class="doc">ScyllaDB Anti-Entropy</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Bootstrap">Bootstrap<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Bootstrap" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>When a new node is added to a cluster, the bootstrap process ensures that the data in the cluster is automatically redistributed to the new node. A new node in this case is an empty node without system tables or data. See <a class="reference internal" href="../kb/compaction.html#temporary-fallback-to-stcs"><span class="std std-ref">bootstrap</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-CAP-Theorem">CAP Theorem<a class="headerlink" href="#term-CAP-Theorem" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>The CAP Theorem is the notion that <strong>C</strong> (Consistency), <strong>A</strong> (Availability) and <strong>P</strong> (Partition Tolerance) of data are mutually dependent in a distributed system. Increasing any 2 of these factors will reduce the third. ScyllaDB chooses availability and partition tolerance over consistency. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/architecture-fault-tolerance.html"><span class="doc">Fault Tolerance</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Cluster">Cluster<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Cluster" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>One or multiple ScyllaDB nodes, acting in concert, which own a single contiguous token range. State is communicated between nodes in the cluster via the Gossip protocol. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Clustering-Key">Clustering Key<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Clustering-Key" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A single or multi-column clustering key determines a rows uniqueness and sort order on disk within a partition. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Column-Family">Column Family<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Column-Family" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#term-Table"><span class="xref std std-term">table</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Compaction">Compaction<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Compaction" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>The process of reading several SSTables, comparing the data and time stamps and then writing one SSTable containing the merged, most recent, information. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html"><span class="doc">Compaction Strategies</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Compaction-Strategy">Compaction Strategy<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Compaction-Strategy" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Determines which of the SSTables will be compacted, and when. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html"><span class="doc">Compaction Strategies</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Consistency-Level-CL">Consistency Level (CL)<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Consistency-Level-CL" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A dynamic value which dictates the number of replicas (in a cluster) that must acknowledge a read or write operation. This value is set by the client on a per operation basis. For the CQL Shell, the consistency level defaults to ONE for read and write operations. See <a class="reference internal" href="../cql/consistency.html"><span class="doc">Consistency Levels</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Dummy-Rows">Dummy Rows<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Dummy-Rows" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Cache dummy rows are entries in the row set, which have a clustering position, although they do not represent CQL rows written by users. ScyllaDB cache uses them to mark boundaries of population ranges, to represent the information that the whole range is complete, and there is no need to go to sstables to read the gaps between existing row entries when scanning.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Entropy">Entropy<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Entropy" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A state where data is not consistent. This is the result when replicas are not synced and data is random. ScyllaDB has measures in place to be antientropic. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/anti-entropy/index.html"><span class="doc">ScyllaDB Anti-Entropy</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Eventual-Consistency">Eventual Consistency<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Eventual-Consistency" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>In ScyllaDB, when considering the <a class="reference internal" href="#term-CAP-Theorem"><span class="xref std std-term">CAP Theorem</span></a>, availability and partition tolerance are considered a higher priority than consistency.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Hint">Hint<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Hint" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A short record of a write request that is held by the co-ordinator until the unresponsive node becomes responsive again, at which point the write request data in the hint is written to the replica node. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/anti-entropy/hinted-handoff.html"><span class="doc">Hinted Handoff</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Hinted-Handoff">Hinted Handoff<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Hinted-Handoff" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Reduces data inconsistency which can occur when a node is down or there is network congestion. In ScyllaDB, when data is written and there is an unresponsive replica, the coordinator writes itself a hint. When the node recovers, the coordinator sends the node the pending hints to ensure that it has the data it should have received. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/anti-entropy/hinted-handoff.html"><span class="doc">Hinted Handoff</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Idempotent">Idempotent<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Idempotent" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Denoting an element of a set which is unchanged in value when multiplied or otherwise operated on by itself. <a class="reference internal" href="../features/counters.html"><span class="doc">ScyllaDB Counters</span></a> are not indepotent because in the case of a write failure, the client cannot safely retry the request.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-JBOD">JBOD<a class="headerlink" href="#term-JBOD" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>JBOD or Just another Bunch Of Disks is a non-raid storage system using a server with multiple disks in order to instantiate a separate file system per disk. The benefit is that if a single disk fails, only it needs to be replaced and not the whole disk array. The disadvantage is that free space and load may not be evenly distributed. See the <a class="reference internal" href="../faq.html#faq-raid0-required"><span class="std std-ref">FAQ</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Keyspace">Keyspace<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Keyspace" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A collection of tables with attributes which define how data is replicated on nodes. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Leveled-compaction-strategy-LCS">Leveled compaction strategy (LCS)<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Leveled-compaction-strategy-LCS" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p><abbr title="Leveled compaction strategy">LCS</abbr> uses small, fixed-size (by default 160 MB) SSTables divided into different levels. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html"><span class="doc">Compaction Strategies</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Liveness">Liveness<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Liveness" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>The ability to update a configuration property without restarting the node. Properties that support live updates can be updated via the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">system.config</span></code> virtual table or the REST API.
The change will take effect without a node restart, changing the value in the config file, then sending <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGHUP</span></code> to the scylla-process, triggering it to re-read its configuration.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Log-structured-merge-LSM">Log-structured-merge (LSM)<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Log-structured-merge-LSM" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A technique of keeping sorted files and merging them. LSM is a data structure that maintains key-value pairs. See <a class="reference internal" href="../kb/compaction.html"><span class="doc">Compaction</span></a></p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Logical-Core-lcore">Logical Core (lcore)<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Logical-Core-lcore" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A hyperthreaded core on a hyperthreaded system, or a physical core on a system without hyperthreading.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-MemTable">MemTable<a class="headerlink" href="#term-MemTable" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>An in-memory data structure servicing both reads and writes. Once full, the Memtable flushes to an <a class="reference internal" href="#term-SSTable"><span class="xref std std-term">SSTable</span></a>. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html"><span class="doc">Compaction Strategies</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-MurmurHash3">MurmurHash3<a class="headerlink" href="#term-MurmurHash3" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A hash function <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MurmurHash">created by Austin Appleby</a>, and used by the <a class="reference internal" href="#term-Partitioner"><span class="xref std std-term">Partitioner</span></a> to distribute the partitions between nodes.
The name comes from two basic operations, multiply (MU) and rotate (R), used in its inner loop.
The MurmurHash3 version used in ScyllaDB originated from <a class="reference external" href="https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/apidocs/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash3.html">Apache Cassandra</a>, and is <strong>not</strong> identical to the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/apache/cassandra/blob/trunk/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/utils/MurmurHash.java#L31-L33">official MurmurHash3 calculation</a>. More <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/russss/murmur3-cassandra">here</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Mutation">Mutation<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Mutation" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A change to data such as column or columns to insert, or a deletion. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/anti-entropy/hinted-handoff.html"><span class="doc">Hinted Handoff</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Node">Node<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Node" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A single installed instance of ScyllaDB. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Nodetool">Nodetool<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Nodetool" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A simple command-line interface for administering a ScyllaDB node. A nodetool command can display a given nodes exposed operations and attributes. ScyllaDBs nodetool contains a subset of these operations. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Partition">Partition<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Partition" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A subset of data that is stored on a node and replicated across nodes. There are two ways to consider a partition. In CQL, a partition appears as a group of sorted rows, and is the unit of access for queried data, given that most queries access a single partition. On the physical layer, a partition is a unit of data stored on a node and is identified by a partition key. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Partition-Key">Partition Key<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Partition-Key" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>The unique identifier for a partition, a partition key may be hashed from the first column in the primary key. A partition key may also be hashed from a set of columns, often referred to as a compound primary key. A partition key determines which virtual node gets the first partition replica. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Partitioner">Partitioner<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Partitioner" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A hash function for computing which data is stored on which node in the cluster. The partitioner takes a partition key as an input, and returns a ring token as an output. By default ScyllaDB uses the 64 bit <a class="reference internal" href="#term-MurmurHash3"><span class="xref std std-term">MurmurHash3</span></a> function and this hash range is numerically represented as a signed 64bit integer, see <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Primary-Key">Primary Key<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Primary-Key" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>In a CQL table definition, the primary key clause specifies the partition key and optional clustering key. These keys uniquely identify each partition and row within a partition. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Quorum">Quorum<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Quorum" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Quorum is a <em>global</em> consistency level setting across the entire cluster including all data centers. See <a class="reference internal" href="../cql/consistency.html"><span class="doc">Consistency Levels</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Read-Amplification">Read Amplification<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Read-Amplification" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Excessive read requests which require many SSTables. RA is calculated by the number of disk reads per query. High RA occurs when there are many pages to read in order to answer a query. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html"><span class="doc">Compaction Strategies</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Read-Operation">Read Operation<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Read-Operation" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A read operation occurs when an application gets information from an SSTable and does not change that information in any way. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/architecture-fault-tolerance.html"><span class="doc">Fault Tolerance</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Read-Repair">Read Repair<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Read-Repair" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>An anti-entropy mechanism for read operations ensuring that replicas are updated with most recently updated data. These repairs run automatically, asynchronously, and in the background. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/anti-entropy/read-repair.html"><span class="doc">ScyllaDB Read Repair</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Reconciliation">Reconciliation<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Reconciliation" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A verification phase during a data migration where the target data is compared against original source data to ensure that the migration architecture has transferred the data correctly. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/anti-entropy/read-repair.html"><span class="doc">ScyllaDB Read Repair</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Repair">Repair<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Repair" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A process which runs in the background and synchronizes the data between nodes, so that eventually, all the replicas hold the same data. See <a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/procedures/maintenance/repair.html"><span class="doc">ScyllaDB Repair</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Repair-Based-Node-Operations-RBNO">Repair Based Node Operations (RBNO)<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Repair-Based-Node-Operations-RBNO" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p><abbr title="Repair Based Node Operations">RBNO</abbr> is an internal ScyllaDB mechanism that uses repair to
synchronize data between the nodes in a cluster instead of using streaming. RBNO significantly
improve database performance and data consistency.</p>
<p>RBNO is enabled by default for a subset node operations.
See <a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/procedures/cluster-management/repair-based-node-operation.html"><span class="doc">Repair Based Node Operations</span></a> for details.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Replication">Replication<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Replication" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>The process of replicating data across nodes in a cluster. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/architecture-fault-tolerance.html"><span class="doc">Fault Tolerance</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Replication-Factor-RF">Replication Factor (RF)<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Replication-Factor-RF" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>The total number of replica nodes across a given cluster. An <abbr title="Replication Factor">RF</abbr> of 1 means that the data will only exist on a single node in the cluster and will not have any fault tolerance. This number is a setting defined for each keyspace. All replicas share equal priority; there are no primary or master replicas. An RF for any table, can be defined for each <abbr title="Data Center">DC</abbr>. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/architecture-fault-tolerance.html"><span class="doc">Fault Tolerance</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Reshape">Reshape<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Reshape" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Rewrite a set of SSTables to satisfy a compaction strategys criteria. For example, restoring data from an old backup or before the strategy update.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Reshard">Reshard<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Reshard" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Splitting an SSTable, that is owned by more than one shard (core), into SSTables that are owned by a single shard. For example: when restoring data from a different server, importing SSTables from Apache Cassandra, or changing the number of cores in a machine (upscale).</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Shard">Shard<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Shard" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Each ScyllaDB node is internally split into <em>shards</em>, an independent thread bound to a dedicated core.
Each shard of data is allotted CPU, RAM, persistent storage, and networking resources which it uses as efficiently as possible.
See <a class="reference external" href="https://www.scylladb.com/product/technology/shard-per-core-architecture/">ScyllaDB Shard per Core Architecture</a> for more information.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Shedding">Shedding<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Shedding" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Dropping requests to protect the system. This will occur if the request is too large or exceeds the max number of concurrent requests per shard.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Size-tiered-compaction-strategy">Size-tiered compaction strategy<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Size-tiered-compaction-strategy" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Triggers when the system has enough (four by default) similarly sized SSTables. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html"><span class="doc">Compaction Strategies</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Snapshot">Snapshot<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Snapshot" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Snapshots in ScyllaDB are an essential part of the backup and restore mechanism. Whereas in other databases a backup starts with creating a copy of a data file (cold backup, hot backup, shadow copy backup), in ScyllaDB the process starts with creating a table or keyspace snapshot. See <a class="reference internal" href="../kb/snapshots.html"><span class="doc">ScyllaDB Snapshots</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Snitch">Snitch<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Snitch" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>The mapping from the IP addresses of nodes to physical and virtual locations, such as racks and data centers. There are several types of snitches. The type of snitch affects the request routing mechanism. See <a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/system-configuration/snitch.html"><span class="doc">ScyllaDB Snitches</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Space-amplification">Space amplification<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Space-amplification" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Excessive disk space usage which requires that the disk be larger than a perfectly-compacted representation of the data (i.e., all the data in one single SSTable). SA is calculated as the ratio of the size of database files on a disk to the actual data size. High SA occurs when there is more disk space being used than the size of the data. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html"><span class="doc">Compaction Strategies</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-SSTable">SSTable<a class="headerlink" href="#term-SSTable" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A concept borrowed from Google Big Table, SSTables or Sorted String Tables store a series of immutable rows where each row is identified by its row key. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html"><span class="doc">Compaction Strategies</span></a>. The SSTable format is a persistent file format. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/sstable/index.html"><span class="doc">ScyllaDB SSTable Format</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Table">Table<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Table" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A collection of columns fetched by row. Columns are ordered by Clustering Key. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Time-window-compaction-strategy">Time-window compaction strategy<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Time-window-compaction-strategy" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>TWCS is designed for time series data. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html"><span class="doc">Compaction Strategies</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Token">Token<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Token" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A value in a range, used to identify both nodes and partitions. Each node in a ScyllaDB cluster is given an (initial) token, which defines the end of the range a node handles. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Token-Range">Token Range<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Token-Range" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>The total range of potential unique identifiers supported by the partitioner. By default, each ScyllaDB node in the cluster handles 256 token ranges. Each token range corresponds to a Vnode. Each range of hashes in turn is a segment of the total range of a given hash function. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Tombstone">Tombstone<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Tombstone" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A marker that indicates that data has been deleted. A large number of tombstones may impact read performance and disk usage, so an efficient tombstone garbage collection strategy should be employed. See <a class="reference internal" href="../cql/ddl.html#ddl-tombstones-gc"><span class="std std-ref">Tombstones GC options</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Tunable-Consistency">Tunable Consistency<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Tunable-Consistency" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>The possibility for unique, per-query, Consistency Level settings. These are incremental and override fixed database settings intended to enforce data consistency. Such settings may be set directly from a CQL statement when response speed for a given query or operation is more important. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/architecture-fault-tolerance.html"><span class="doc">Fault Tolerance</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Virtual-node">Virtual node<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Virtual-node" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A range of tokens owned by a single ScyllaDB node. ScyllaDB nodes are configurable and support a set of <abbr title="virtual nodes">Vnodes</abbr>. In legacy token selection, a node owns one token (or token range) per node. With Vnodes, a node can own many tokens or token ranges; within a cluster, these may be selected randomly from a non-contiguous set. In a Vnode configuration, each token falls within a specific token range which in turn is represented as a Vnode. Each Vnode is then allocated to a physical node in the cluster. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html"><span class="doc">Ring Architecture</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Workload">Workload<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Workload" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A database category that allows you to manage different sources of database activities, such as requests or administrative activities. By defining workloads, you can specify how ScyllaDB will process those activities. For example, <a class="reference external" href="https://enterprise.docs.scylladb.com/">ScyllaDB Enterprise</a>
ships with a feature that allows you to prioritize one workload over another (e.g., user requests over administrative activities). See <a class="reference external" href="https://enterprise.docs.scylladb.com/stable/using-scylla/workload-prioritization.html">Workload Prioritization</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Write-Amplification">Write Amplification<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Write-Amplification" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>Excessive compaction of the same data. <abbr title="Write amplification">WA</abbr> is calculated by the ratio of bytes written to storage versus bytes written to the database. High WA occurs when there are more bytes/second written to storage than are actually written to the database. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html"><span class="doc">Compaction Strategies</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="term-Write-Operation">Write Operation<a class="headerlink" href="#term-Write-Operation" title="Link to this term"></a></dt><dd><p>A write operation occurs when information is added or removed from an SSTable. See <a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/architecture-fault-tolerance.html"><span class="doc">Fault Tolerance</span></a>.</p>
</dd>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/security/runtime-authentication.html">Enable and Disable Authentication Without Downtime</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/security/gen-cqlsh-file.html">Generate a cqlshrc File</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/security/authorization.html">Grant Authorization CQL Reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/security/certificate-authentication.html">Certificate-based Authentication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/security/rbac-usecase.html">Role Based Access Control (RBAC)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/security/client-node-encryption.html">Encryption: Data in Transit Client to Node</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/security/node-node-encryption.html">Encryption: Data in Transit Node to Node</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/security/generate-certificate.html">Generating a self-signed Certificate Chain Using openssl</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/security/saslauthd.html">Configure SaslauthdAuthenticator</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/nodetool.html">Nodetool Reference</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/admin-tools/cassandra-stress.html">cassandra-stress</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/admin-tools/sstabledump.html">SSTabledump</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/admin-tools/sstablemetadata.html">SSTableMetadata</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting-started/logging.html">ScyllaDB Logs</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/admin-tools/select-from-mutation-fragments.html">Reading mutation fragments</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/admin-tools/maintenance-mode.html">Maintenance mode</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/admin-tools/task-manager.html">Task manager</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="https://monitoring.docs.scylladb.com/">ScyllaDB Monitoring Stack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="https://operator.docs.scylladb.com/">ScyllaDB Operator</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="https://manager.docs.scylladb.com/">ScyllaDB Manager</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../upgrade/upgrade-opensource/index.html">ScyllaDB Open Source Upgrade</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../upgrade/upgrade-to-enterprise/index.html">ScyllaDB Open Source to ScyllaDB Enterprise Upgrade</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../upgrade/ami-upgrade.html">ScyllaDB Image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://enterprise.docs.scylladb.com/stable/upgrade/upgrade-enterprise/index.html">ScyllaDB Enterprise</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/admin.html">scylla.yaml</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/system-configuration/snitch.html">ScyllaDB Snitches</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/benchmarking-scylla.html">Benchmarking ScyllaDB</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/diagnostics.html">ScyllaDB Diagnostic Tools</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../using-scylla/index.html">ScyllaDB for Developers</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-12" name="toctree-checkbox-12" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-12"><i class="icon-chevron-right"></i></label><div class="break"></div><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.scylladb.com/stable/get-started/develop-with-scylladb/tutorials-example-projects.html">Tutorials and Example Projects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.scylladb.com/stable/get-started/learn-resources/index.html">Learn to Use ScyllaDB</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../using-scylla/alternator/index.html">ScyllaDB Alternator</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../using-scylla/drivers/dynamo-drivers/index.html">ScyllaDB DynamoDB Drivers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/index.html">CQL Reference</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-14" name="toctree-checkbox-14" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-14"><i class="icon-chevron-right"></i></label><div class="break"></div><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/cqlsh.html">CQLSh: the CQL shell</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/appendices.html">Appendices</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/compaction.html">Compaction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/consistency.html">Consistency Levels</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/consistency-calculator.html">Consistency Level Calculator</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/ddl.html">Data Definition</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/dml/select.html">SELECT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/dml/insert.html">INSERT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/dml/update.html">UPDATE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/dml/delete.html">DELETE</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/types.html">Data Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/definitions.html">Definitions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/secondary-indexes.html">Global Secondary Indexes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/time-to-live.html">Expiring Data with Time to Live (TTL)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/functions.html">Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/wasm.html">Wasm support for user-defined functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/json.html">JSON Support</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/mv.html">Materialized Views</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/non-reserved-keywords.html">Non-Reserved CQL Keywords</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/reserved-keywords.html">Reserved CQL Keywords</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/service-levels.html">Service Levels</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/cql-extensions.html">ScyllaDB CQL Extensions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../alternator/alternator.html">Alternator: DynamoDB API in Scylla</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-16" name="toctree-checkbox-16" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-16"><i class="icon-chevron-right"></i></label><div class="break"></div><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../alternator/getting-started.html">Getting Started With ScyllaDB Alternator</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../alternator/compatibility.html">ScyllaDB Alternator for DynamoDB users</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/index.html">Features</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-17" name="toctree-checkbox-17" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-17"><i class="icon-chevron-right"></i></label><div class="break"></div><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/lwt.html">Lightweight Transactions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/secondary-indexes.html">Global Secondary Indexes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/local-secondary-indexes.html">Local Secondary Indexes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/materialized-views.html">Materialized Views</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/counters.html">Counters</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/cdc/cdc-intro.html">CDC Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/cdc/cdc-log-table.html">The CDC Log Table</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/cdc/cdc-basic-operations.html">Basic operations in CDC</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/cdc/cdc-streams.html">CDC Streams</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/cdc/cdc-stream-generations.html">CDC Stream Generations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/cdc/cdc-querying-streams.html">Querying CDC Streams</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/cdc/cdc-advanced-types.html">Advanced column types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/cdc/cdc-preimages.html">Preimages and postimages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/cdc/cdc-consistency.html">Data Consistency in CDC</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../features/workload-attributes.html">Workload Attributes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">ScyllaDB Architecture</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-19" name="toctree-checkbox-19" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-19"><i class="icon-chevron-right"></i></label><div class="break"></div><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/tablets.html">Data Distribution with Tablets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/ringarchitecture/index.html">ScyllaDB Ring Architecture</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/architecture-fault-tolerance.html">ScyllaDB Fault Tolerance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/console-CL-full-demo.html">Consistency Level Console Demo</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/anti-entropy/read-repair.html">ScyllaDB Read Repair</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating-scylla/procedures/maintenance/repair.html">ScyllaDB Repair</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/sstable/index.html">SSTable</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-21" name="toctree-checkbox-21" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-21"><i class="icon-chevron-right"></i></label><div class="break"></div><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/sstable/sstable2/index.html">ScyllaDB SSTable - 2.x</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/sstable/sstable3/index.html">ScyllaDB SSTable - 3.x</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html">Compaction Strategies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/raft.html">Raft Consensus Algorithm in ScyllaDB</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/zero-token-nodes.html">Zero-token Nodes</a></li>
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</li>
<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting ScyllaDB</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-22" name="toctree-checkbox-22" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-22"><i class="icon-chevron-right"></i></label><div class="break"></div><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/report-scylla-problem.html">Report a ScyllaDB problem</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/error-messages/index.html">Error Messages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/log-level.html">Change Log Level</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/change-ownership.html">Ownership Problems</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/scylla-wont-start.html">ScyllaDB will not Start</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/python-error-no-module-named-yaml.html">ScyllaDB Python Script broken</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/upgrade/index.html">Upgrade</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-25" name="toctree-checkbox-25" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-25"><i class="icon-chevron-right"></i></label><div class="break"></div><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/missing-dotmount-files.html">Inaccessible configuration files after ScyllaDB upgrade</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/cluster/index.html">Cluster and Node</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-26" name="toctree-checkbox-26" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-26"><i class="icon-chevron-right"></i></label><div class="break"></div><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/handling-node-failures.html">Handling Node Failures</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/failed-add-remove-replace.html">Failure to Add, Remove, or Replace a Node</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/failed-decommission.html">Failed Decommission Problem</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/timeouts.html">Cluster Timeouts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/node-joined-without-any-data.html">Node Joined With No Data</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/nodetool-nullpointerexception.html">NullPointerException</a></li>
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