Add handling for a broader set of transient network-related `std::errc` values in `aws_error::from_system_error`. Treat these conditions as retryable when the client re-creates the socket for each request.
Fixes: https://github.com/scylladb/scylladb/issues/27349
Closes scylladb/scylladb#27350
(cherry picked from commit 605f71d074)
Closes scylladb/scylladb#27390