std::iterator is deprecated since C++17 so define all the required iterator_traits directly and stop using std::iterator at all.
More context: https://www.fluentcpp.com/2018/05/08/std-iterator-deprecated
Tests: unit(dev)
Closes#7635
* github.com:scylladb/scylla:
log_heap: Remove std::iterator from hist_iterator
types: Remove std::iterator from tuple_deserializing_iterator
types: Remove std::iterator from listlike_partial_deserializing_iterator
sstables: remove std::iterator from const_iterator
token_metadata: Remove std::iterator from tokens_iterator
size_estimates_virtual_reader: Remove std::iterator
token_metadata: Remove std::iterator from tokens_iterator_impl
counters: Remove std::iterator from iterators
compound_compat: Remove std::iterator from iterators
compound: Remove std::iterator from iterator
clustering_interval_set: Remove std::iterator from position_range_iterator
cdc: Remove std::iterator from collection_iterator
cartesian_product: Remove std::iterator from iterator
bytes_ostream: Remove std::iterator from fragment_iterator