Files
scylladb/sstables/types.hh
Tomasz Grabiec 47ca280e57 sstables: mc: Write static compact tables the same way as Cassandra
Static compact tables are tables with compact storage and no
clustering columns.

Before this patch, Scylla was writing rows of static compact tables as
clustered rows instead of static rows. That's because in our in-memory
model such tables have regular rows and no static row. In Cassandra's
schema (since 3.x), those tables have columns which are marked as
static and there are no regular columns.

This worked fine as long as Scylla was writing and reading those
sstables. But when importing sstables from Cassandra, our reader was
skipping the static row, since it's not present in the schema, and
returning no rows as a result. Also, Cassandra, and Scylla tools,
would have problems reading those sstables.

Fix this by writing rows for such tables the same way as Cassandra
does. In order to support rolling downgrade, we do that only when all
nodes are upgraded.

Fixes #4139.
2019-03-18 11:18:33 +01:00

719 lines
24 KiB
C++

/*
* Copyright (C) 2015 ScyllaDB
*/
/*
* This file is part of Scylla.
*
* Scylla is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* Scylla is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with Scylla. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#pragma once
#include <seastar/util/gcc6-concepts.hh>
#include "disk_types.hh"
#include <seastar/core/enum.hh>
#include "bytes.hh"
#include "gc_clock.hh"
#include "tombstone.hh"
#include "utils/streaming_histogram.hh"
#include "utils/estimated_histogram.hh"
#include "column_name_helper.hh"
#include "sstables/key.hh"
#include "db/commitlog/replay_position.hh"
#include "version.hh"
#include <vector>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <type_traits>
#include "version.hh"
#include "encoding_stats.hh"
#include "utils/UUID.hh"
// While the sstable code works with char, bytes_view works with int8_t
// (signed char). Rather than change all the code, let's do a cast.
static inline bytes_view to_bytes_view(const temporary_buffer<char>& b) {
using byte = bytes_view::value_type;
return bytes_view(reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(b.get()), b.size());
}
namespace sstables {
GCC6_CONCEPT(
template<typename T>
concept bool Writer() {
return requires(T& wr, const char* data, size_t size) {
{ wr.write(data, size) } -> void
};
}
)
struct commitlog_interval {
db::replay_position start;
db::replay_position end;
};
struct deletion_time {
int32_t local_deletion_time;
int64_t marked_for_delete_at;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) { return f(local_deletion_time, marked_for_delete_at); }
bool live() const {
return (local_deletion_time == std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()) &&
(marked_for_delete_at == std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min());
}
bool operator==(const deletion_time& d) {
return local_deletion_time == d.local_deletion_time &&
marked_for_delete_at == d.marked_for_delete_at;
}
bool operator!=(const deletion_time& d) {
return !(*this == d);
}
explicit operator tombstone() {
return !live() ? tombstone(marked_for_delete_at, gc_clock::time_point(gc_clock::duration(local_deletion_time))) : tombstone();
}
};
struct option {
disk_string<uint16_t> key;
disk_string<uint16_t> value;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) { return f(key, value); }
};
struct filter {
uint32_t hashes;
disk_array<uint32_t, uint64_t> buckets;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) { return f(hashes, buckets); }
// Create an always positive filter if nothing else is specified.
filter() : hashes(0), buckets({}) {}
explicit filter(int hashes, utils::chunked_vector<uint64_t> buckets) : hashes(hashes), buckets({std::move(buckets)}) {}
};
// Do this so we don't have to copy on write time. We can just keep a reference.
struct filter_ref {
uint32_t hashes;
disk_array_ref<uint32_t, uint64_t> buckets;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) { return f(hashes, buckets); }
explicit filter_ref(int hashes, const utils::chunked_vector<uint64_t>& buckets) : hashes(hashes), buckets(buckets) {}
};
enum class indexable_element {
partition,
cell
};
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, indexable_element e) {
o << static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<indexable_element>>(e);
return o;
}
class summary_entry {
public:
dht::token_view token;
bytes_view key;
uint64_t position;
key_view get_key() const {
return key_view{key};
}
decorated_key_view get_decorated_key() const {
return decorated_key_view(token, get_key());
}
bool operator==(const summary_entry& x) const {
return position == x.position && key == x.key;
}
};
// Note: Sampling level is present in versions ka and higher. We ATM only support ka,
// so it's always there. But we need to make this conditional if we ever want to support
// other formats.
struct summary_ka {
struct header {
// The minimum possible amount of indexes per group (sampling level)
uint32_t min_index_interval;
// The number of entries in the Summary File
uint32_t size;
// The memory to be consumed to map the whole Summary into memory.
uint64_t memory_size;
// The actual sampling level.
uint32_t sampling_level;
// The number of entries the Summary *would* have if the sampling
// level would be equal to min_index_interval.
uint32_t size_at_full_sampling;
} header;
// The position in the Summary file for each of the indexes.
// NOTE1 that its actual size is determined by the "size" parameter, not
// by its preceding size_at_full_sampling
// NOTE2: They are laid out in *MEMORY* order, not BE.
// NOTE3: The sizes in this array represent positions in the memory stream,
// not the file. The memory stream effectively begins after the header,
// so every position here has to be added of sizeof(header).
utils::chunked_vector<uint32_t> positions; // can be large, so use a deque instead of a vector
utils::chunked_vector<summary_entry> entries;
disk_string<uint32_t> first_key;
disk_string<uint32_t> last_key;
// NOTE4: There is a structure written by Cassandra into the end of the Summary
// file, after the field last_key, that we haven't understand yet, but we know
// that its content isn't related to the summary itself.
// The structure is basically as follow:
// struct { disk_string<uint16_t>; uint32_t; uint64_t; disk_string<uint16_t>; }
// Another interesting fact about this structure is that it is apparently always
// filled with the same data. It's too early to judge that the data is useless.
// However, it was tested that Cassandra loads successfully a Summary file with
// this structure removed from it. Anyway, let's pay attention to it.
/*
* Returns total amount of memory used by the summary
* Similar to origin off heap size
*/
uint64_t memory_footprint() const {
auto sz = sizeof(summary_entry) * entries.size() + sizeof(uint32_t) * positions.size() + sizeof(*this);
sz += first_key.value.size() + last_key.value.size();
for (auto& sd : _summary_data) {
sz += sd.size();
}
return sz;
}
explicit operator bool() const {
return entries.size();
}
bytes_view add_summary_data(bytes_view data) {
if (_summary_data.empty() || (_summary_index_pos + data.size() > _buffer_size)) {
_buffer_size = std::min(_buffer_size << 1, 128u << 10);
// Keys are 64kB max, so it might be one key may not fit in a buffer
_buffer_size = std::max(_buffer_size, unsigned(data.size()));
_summary_data.emplace_back(_buffer_size);
_summary_index_pos = 0;
}
auto ret = _summary_data.back().store_at(_summary_index_pos, data);
_summary_index_pos += data.size();
return ret;
}
private:
class summary_data_memory {
unsigned _size;
std::unique_ptr<bytes::value_type[]> _data;
public:
summary_data_memory(unsigned size) : _size(size), _data(std::make_unique<bytes::value_type[]>(size)) {}
bytes_view store_at(unsigned pos, bytes_view src) {
auto addr = _data.get() + pos;
std::copy_n(src.data(), src.size(), addr);
return bytes_view(addr, src.size());
}
unsigned size() const {
return _size;
}
};
unsigned _buffer_size = 1 << 10;
std::vector<summary_data_memory> _summary_data = {};
unsigned _summary_index_pos = 0;
};
using summary = summary_ka;
class file_writer;
struct metadata {
virtual ~metadata() {}
virtual uint64_t serialized_size(sstable_version_types v) const = 0;
virtual void write(sstable_version_types v, file_writer& write) const = 0;
};
template <typename T>
uint64_t serialized_size(sstable_version_types v, const T& object);
template <class T, typename W>
GCC6_CONCEPT(requires Writer<W>())
typename std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_enum<T>::value, void>
write(sstable_version_types v, W& out, const T& t);
// serialized_size() implementation for metadata class
template <typename Component>
class metadata_base : public metadata {
public:
virtual uint64_t serialized_size(sstable_version_types v) const override {
return sstables::serialized_size(v, static_cast<const Component&>(*this));
}
virtual void write(sstable_version_types v, file_writer& writer) const override {
return sstables::write(v, writer, static_cast<const Component&>(*this));
}
};
struct validation_metadata : public metadata_base<validation_metadata> {
disk_string<uint16_t> partitioner;
double filter_chance;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) { return f(partitioner, filter_chance); }
};
struct compaction_metadata : public metadata_base<compaction_metadata> {
disk_array<uint32_t, uint32_t> ancestors; // DEPRECATED, not available in sstable format mc.
disk_array<uint32_t, uint8_t> cardinality;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) {
switch (v) {
case sstable_version_types::mc:
return f(
cardinality
);
case sstable_version_types::ka:
case sstable_version_types::la:
return f(
ancestors,
cardinality
);
}
// Should never reach here - compiler will complain if switch above does not cover all sstable versions
abort();
}
};
struct stats_metadata : public metadata_base<stats_metadata> {
utils::estimated_histogram estimated_partition_size;
utils::estimated_histogram estimated_cells_count;
db::replay_position position;
int64_t min_timestamp;
int64_t max_timestamp;
int32_t min_local_deletion_time; // 3_x only
int32_t max_local_deletion_time;
int32_t min_ttl; // 3_x only
int32_t max_ttl; // 3_x only
double compression_ratio;
utils::streaming_histogram estimated_tombstone_drop_time;
uint32_t sstable_level;
uint64_t repaired_at;
disk_array<uint32_t, disk_string<uint16_t>> min_column_names;
disk_array<uint32_t, disk_string<uint16_t>> max_column_names;
bool has_legacy_counter_shards;
int64_t columns_count; // 3_x only
int64_t rows_count; // 3_x only
db::replay_position commitlog_lower_bound; // 3_x only
disk_array<uint32_t, commitlog_interval> commitlog_intervals; // 3_x only
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) {
switch (v) {
case sstable_version_types::mc:
return f(
estimated_partition_size,
estimated_cells_count,
position,
min_timestamp,
max_timestamp,
min_local_deletion_time,
max_local_deletion_time,
min_ttl,
max_ttl,
compression_ratio,
estimated_tombstone_drop_time,
sstable_level,
repaired_at,
min_column_names,
max_column_names,
has_legacy_counter_shards,
columns_count,
rows_count,
commitlog_lower_bound,
commitlog_intervals
);
case sstable_version_types::ka:
case sstable_version_types::la:
return f(
estimated_partition_size,
estimated_cells_count,
position,
min_timestamp,
max_timestamp,
max_local_deletion_time,
compression_ratio,
estimated_tombstone_drop_time,
sstable_level,
repaired_at,
min_column_names,
max_column_names,
has_legacy_counter_shards
);
}
// Should never reach here - compiler will complain if switch above does not cover all sstable versions
abort();
}
};
using bytes_array_vint_size = disk_string_vint_size;
struct serialization_header : public metadata_base<serialization_header> {
vint<uint64_t> min_timestamp_base;
vint<uint64_t> min_local_deletion_time_base;
vint<uint64_t> min_ttl_base;
bytes_array_vint_size pk_type_name;
disk_array_vint_size<bytes_array_vint_size> clustering_key_types_names;
struct column_desc {
bytes_array_vint_size name;
bytes_array_vint_size type_name;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) {
return f(
name,
type_name
);
}
};
disk_array_vint_size<column_desc> static_columns;
disk_array_vint_size<column_desc> regular_columns;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) {
switch (v) {
case sstable_version_types::mc:
return f(
min_timestamp_base,
min_local_deletion_time_base,
min_ttl_base,
pk_type_name,
clustering_key_types_names,
static_columns,
regular_columns
);
case sstable_version_types::ka:
case sstable_version_types::la:
throw std::runtime_error(
"Statistics is malformed: SSTable is in 2.x format but contains serialization header.");
}
// Should never reach here - compiler will complain if switch above does not cover all sstable versions
abort();
}
// mc serialization header minimum values are delta-encoded based on the default timestamp epoch times
// Note: following conversions rely on min_*_base.value being unsigned to prevent signed integer overflow
api::timestamp_type get_min_timestamp() const {
return static_cast<api::timestamp_type>(min_timestamp_base.value + encoding_stats::timestamp_epoch);
}
int64_t get_min_ttl() const {
return static_cast<int64_t>(min_ttl_base.value + encoding_stats::ttl_epoch);
}
int64_t get_min_local_deletion_time() const {
return static_cast<int64_t>(min_local_deletion_time_base.value + encoding_stats::deletion_time_epoch);
}
};
struct disk_token_bound {
uint8_t exclusive; // really a boolean
disk_string<uint16_t> token;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) { return f(exclusive, token); }
};
struct disk_token_range {
disk_token_bound left;
disk_token_bound right;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) { return f(left, right); }
};
// Scylla-specific sharding information. This is a set of token
// ranges that are spanned by this sstable. When loading the
// sstable, we can see which shards own data in the sstable by
// checking each such range.
struct sharding_metadata {
disk_array<uint32_t, disk_token_range> token_ranges;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) { return f(token_ranges); }
};
// Scylla-specific list of features an sstable supports.
enum sstable_feature : uint8_t {
NonCompoundPIEntries = 0, // See #2993
NonCompoundRangeTombstones = 1, // See #2986
ShadowableTombstones = 2, // See #3885
CorrectStaticCompact = 3, // See #4139
End = 4,
};
// Scylla-specific features enabled for a particular sstable.
struct sstable_enabled_features {
uint64_t enabled_features;
bool is_enabled(sstable_feature f) const {
return enabled_features & (1 << f);
}
void disable(sstable_feature f) {
enabled_features &= ~(1<< f);
}
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) { return f(enabled_features); }
static sstable_enabled_features all() {
return sstable_enabled_features{(1 << sstable_feature::End) - 1};
}
};
// Numbers are found on disk, so they do matter. Also, setting their sizes of
// that of an uint32_t is a bit wasteful, but it simplifies the code a lot
// since we can now still use a strongly typed enum without introducing a
// notion of "disk-size" vs "memory-size".
enum class metadata_type : uint32_t {
Validation = 0,
Compaction = 1,
Stats = 2,
Serialization = 3,
};
enum class scylla_metadata_type : uint32_t {
Sharding = 1,
Features = 2,
ExtensionAttributes = 3,
RunIdentifier = 4,
};
struct run_identifier {
// UUID is used for uniqueness across nodes, such that an imported sstable
// will not have its run identifier conflicted with the one of a local sstable.
utils::UUID id;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) { return f(id); }
};
struct scylla_metadata {
using extension_attributes = disk_hash<uint32_t, disk_string<uint32_t>, disk_string<uint32_t>>;
disk_set_of_tagged_union<scylla_metadata_type,
disk_tagged_union_member<scylla_metadata_type, scylla_metadata_type::Sharding, sharding_metadata>,
disk_tagged_union_member<scylla_metadata_type, scylla_metadata_type::Features, sstable_enabled_features>,
disk_tagged_union_member<scylla_metadata_type, scylla_metadata_type::ExtensionAttributes, extension_attributes>,
disk_tagged_union_member<scylla_metadata_type, scylla_metadata_type::RunIdentifier, run_identifier>
> data;
sstable_enabled_features get_features() const {
auto features = data.get<scylla_metadata_type::Features, sstable_enabled_features>();
if (!features) {
return sstable_enabled_features{};
}
return *features;
}
bool has_feature(sstable_feature f) const {
return get_features().is_enabled(f);
}
const extension_attributes* get_extension_attributes() const {
return data.get<scylla_metadata_type::ExtensionAttributes, extension_attributes>();
}
extension_attributes& get_or_create_extension_attributes() {
auto* ext = data.get<scylla_metadata_type::ExtensionAttributes, extension_attributes>();
if (ext == nullptr) {
data.set<scylla_metadata_type::ExtensionAttributes>(extension_attributes{});
ext = data.get<scylla_metadata_type::ExtensionAttributes, extension_attributes>();
}
return *ext;
}
std::optional<utils::UUID> get_optional_run_identifier() const {
auto* m = data.get<scylla_metadata_type::RunIdentifier, run_identifier>();
return m ? std::make_optional(m->id) : std::nullopt;
}
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) { return f(data); }
};
static constexpr int DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE = 65536;
// checksums are generated using adler32 algorithm.
struct checksum {
uint32_t chunk_size;
utils::chunked_vector<uint32_t> checksums;
template <typename Describer>
auto describe_type(sstable_version_types v, Describer f) { return f(chunk_size, checksums); }
};
}
namespace std {
template <>
struct hash<sstables::metadata_type> : enum_hash<sstables::metadata_type> {};
}
namespace sstables {
// Special value to represent expired (i.e., 'dead') liveness info
constexpr static int64_t expired_liveness_ttl = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
inline bool is_expired_liveness_ttl(int64_t ttl) {
return ttl == expired_liveness_ttl;
}
inline bool is_expired_liveness_ttl(gc_clock::duration ttl) {
return is_expired_liveness_ttl(ttl.count());
}
// Corresponding to Cassandra's NO_DELETION_TIME
constexpr static int64_t no_deletion_time = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
// Corresponding to Cassandra's MAX_DELETION_TIME
constexpr static int64_t max_deletion_time = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max() - 1;
inline int32_t adjusted_local_deletion_time(gc_clock::time_point local_deletion_time, bool& capped) {
int64_t ldt = local_deletion_time.time_since_epoch().count();
if (ldt <= max_deletion_time) {
capped = false;
return static_cast<int32_t>(ldt);
}
capped = true;
return static_cast<int32_t>(max_deletion_time);
}
struct statistics {
disk_array<uint32_t, std::pair<metadata_type, uint32_t>> offsets; // ordered by metadata_type
std::unordered_map<metadata_type, std::unique_ptr<metadata>> contents;
};
enum class column_mask : uint8_t {
none = 0x0,
deletion = 0x01,
expiration = 0x02,
counter = 0x04,
counter_update = 0x08,
range_tombstone = 0x10,
shadowable = 0x40
};
inline column_mask operator&(column_mask m1, column_mask m2) {
return column_mask(static_cast<uint8_t>(m1) & static_cast<uint8_t>(m2));
}
inline column_mask operator|(column_mask m1, column_mask m2) {
return column_mask(static_cast<uint8_t>(m1) | static_cast<uint8_t>(m2));
}
class unfiltered_flags_m final {
static const uint8_t END_OF_PARTITION = 0x01u;
static const uint8_t IS_MARKER = 0x02u;
static const uint8_t HAS_TIMESTAMP = 0x04u;
static const uint8_t HAS_TTL = 0x08u;
static const uint8_t HAS_DELETION = 0x10u;
static const uint8_t HAS_ALL_COLUMNS = 0x20u;
static const uint8_t HAS_COMPLEX_DELETION = 0x40u;
static const uint8_t HAS_EXTENDED_FLAGS = 0x80u;
uint8_t _flags;
bool check_flag(const uint8_t flag) const {
return (_flags & flag) != 0u;
}
public:
explicit unfiltered_flags_m(uint8_t flags) : _flags(flags) { }
bool is_end_of_partition() const {
return check_flag(END_OF_PARTITION);
}
bool is_range_tombstone() const {
return check_flag(IS_MARKER);
}
bool has_extended_flags() const {
return check_flag(HAS_EXTENDED_FLAGS);
}
bool has_timestamp() const {
return check_flag(HAS_TIMESTAMP);
}
bool has_ttl() const {
return check_flag(HAS_TTL);
}
bool has_deletion() const {
return check_flag(HAS_DELETION);
}
bool has_all_columns() const {
return check_flag(HAS_ALL_COLUMNS);
}
bool has_complex_deletion() const {
return check_flag(HAS_COMPLEX_DELETION);
}
};
class unfiltered_extended_flags_m final {
static const uint8_t IS_STATIC = 0x01u;
// This flag is used by Cassandra but not supported by Scylla because
// Scylla's representation of shadowable tombstones is different.
// We only check it on reading and error out if set but never set ourselves.
static const uint8_t HAS_CASSANDRA_SHADOWABLE_DELETION = 0x02u;
// This flag is Scylla-specific and used for writing shadowable tombstones.
static const uint8_t HAS_SCYLLA_SHADOWABLE_DELETION = 0x80u;
uint8_t _flags;
bool check_flag(const uint8_t flag) const {
return (_flags & flag) != 0u;
}
public:
explicit unfiltered_extended_flags_m(uint8_t flags) : _flags(flags) { }
bool is_static() const {
return check_flag(IS_STATIC);
}
bool has_cassandra_shadowable_deletion() const {
return check_flag(HAS_CASSANDRA_SHADOWABLE_DELETION);
}
bool has_scylla_shadowable_deletion() const {
return check_flag(HAS_SCYLLA_SHADOWABLE_DELETION);
}
};
class column_flags_m final {
static const uint8_t IS_DELETED = 0x01u;
static const uint8_t IS_EXPIRING = 0x02u;
static const uint8_t HAS_EMPTY_VALUE = 0x04u;
static const uint8_t USE_ROW_TIMESTAMP = 0x08u;
static const uint8_t USE_ROW_TTL = 0x10u;
uint8_t _flags;
bool check_flag(const uint8_t flag) const {
return (_flags & flag) != 0u;
}
public:
explicit column_flags_m(uint8_t flags) : _flags(flags) { }
bool use_row_timestamp() const {
return check_flag(USE_ROW_TIMESTAMP);
}
bool use_row_ttl() const {
return check_flag(USE_ROW_TTL);
}
bool is_deleted() const {
return check_flag(IS_DELETED);
}
bool is_expiring() const {
return check_flag(IS_EXPIRING);
}
bool has_value() const {
return !check_flag(HAS_EMPTY_VALUE);
}
};
}