scylladb/auth/password_authenticator.cc

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2016 ScyllaDB
 *
 * Modified by ScyllaDB
 */

/*
 * This file is part of Scylla.
 *
 * Scylla is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * Scylla is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with Scylla.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "auth/password_authenticator.hh"

extern "C" {
#include <crypt.h>
#include <unistd.h>
}

#include <algorithm>
#include <chrono>
#include <random>

#include <boost/algorithm/cxx11/all_of.hpp>
#include <seastar/core/reactor.hh>

#include "auth/authenticated_user.hh"
#include "auth/common.hh"
#include "auth/roles-metadata.hh"
#include "cql3/untyped_result_set.hh"
#include "log.hh"
#include "service/migration_manager.hh"
#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"

namespace auth {

const sstring& password_authenticator_name() {
    static const sstring name = meta::AUTH_PACKAGE_NAME + "PasswordAuthenticator";
    return name;
}

// name of the hash column.
static const sstring SALTED_HASH = "salted_hash";
static const sstring DEFAULT_USER_NAME = meta::DEFAULT_SUPERUSER_NAME;
static const sstring DEFAULT_USER_PASSWORD = meta::DEFAULT_SUPERUSER_NAME;

static logging::logger plogger("password_authenticator");

// To ensure correct initialization order, we unfortunately need to use a string literal.
static const class_registrator<
        authenticator,
        password_authenticator,
        cql3::query_processor&,
        ::service::migration_manager&> password_auth_reg("org.apache.cassandra.auth.PasswordAuthenticator");

password_authenticator::~password_authenticator() {
}

password_authenticator::password_authenticator(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::migration_manager& mm)
    : _qp(qp)
    , _migration_manager(mm)
    , _stopped(make_ready_future<>()) {
}

// TODO: blowfish
// Origin uses Java bcrypt library, i.e. blowfish salt
// generation and hashing, which is arguably a "better"
// password hash than sha/md5 versions usually available in
// crypt_r. Otoh, glibc 2.7+ uses a modified sha512 algo
// which should be the same order of safe, so the only
// real issue should be salted hash compatibility with
// origin if importing system tables from there.
//
// Since bcrypt/blowfish is _not_ (afaict) not available
// as a dev package/lib on most linux distros, we'd have to
// copy and compile for example OWL  crypto
// (http://cvsweb.openwall.com/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/Owl/packages/glibc/crypt_blowfish/)
// to be fully bit-compatible.
//
// Until we decide this is needed, let's just use crypt_r,
// and some old-fashioned random salt generation.

static constexpr size_t rand_bytes = 16;
static thread_local crypt_data tlcrypt = { 0, };

static sstring hashpw(const sstring& pass, const sstring& salt) {
    auto res = crypt_r(pass.c_str(), salt.c_str(), &tlcrypt);
    if (res == nullptr) {
        throw std::system_error(errno, std::system_category());
    }
    return res;
}

static bool checkpw(const sstring& pass, const sstring& salted_hash) {
    auto tmp = hashpw(pass, salted_hash);
    return tmp == salted_hash;
}

static sstring gensalt() {
    static sstring prefix;

    std::random_device rd;
    std::default_random_engine e1(rd());
    std::uniform_int_distribution<char> dist;

    sstring valid_salt = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789./";
    sstring input(rand_bytes, 0);

    for (char&c : input) {
        c = valid_salt[dist(e1) % valid_salt.size()];
    }

    sstring salt;

    if (!prefix.empty()) {
        return prefix + input;
    }

    // Try in order:
    // blowfish 2011 fix, blowfish, sha512, sha256, md5
    for (sstring pfx : { "$2y$", "$2a$", "$6$", "$5$", "$1$" }) {
        salt = pfx + input;
        if (crypt_r("fisk", salt.c_str(), &tlcrypt)) {
            prefix = pfx;
            return salt;
        }
    }
    throw std::runtime_error("Could not initialize hashing algorithm");
}

static sstring hashpw(const sstring& pass) {
    return hashpw(pass, gensalt());
}

static bool has_salted_hash(const cql3::untyped_result_set_row& row) {
    return utf8_type->deserialize(row.get_blob(SALTED_HASH)) != data_value::make_null(utf8_type);
}

static const sstring update_row_query = sprint(
        "UPDATE %s SET %s = ? WHERE %s = ?",
        meta::roles_table::qualified_name(),
        SALTED_HASH,
        meta::roles_table::role_col_name);

static const sstring legacy_table_name{"credentials"};

bool password_authenticator::legacy_metadata_exists() const {
    return _qp.db().local().has_schema(meta::AUTH_KS, legacy_table_name);
}

future<> password_authenticator::migrate_legacy_metadata() const {
    plogger.info("Starting migration of legacy authentication metadata.");
    static const sstring query = sprint("SELECT * FROM %s.%s", meta::AUTH_KS, legacy_table_name);

    return _qp.process(
            query,
            db::consistency_level::QUORUM).then([this](::shared_ptr<cql3::untyped_result_set> results) {
        return do_for_each(*results, [this](const cql3::untyped_result_set_row& row) {
            auto username = row.get_as<sstring>("username");
            auto salted_hash = row.get_as<sstring>(SALTED_HASH);

            return _qp.process(
                    update_row_query,
                    consistency_for_user(username),
                    {std::move(salted_hash), username}).discard_result();
        }).finally([results] {});
    }).then([] {
       plogger.info("Finished migrating legacy authentication metadata.");
    }).handle_exception([](std::exception_ptr ep) {
        plogger.error("Encountered an error during migration!");
        std::rethrow_exception(ep);
    });
}

future<> password_authenticator::create_default_if_missing() const {
    return default_role_row_satisfies(_qp, &has_salted_hash).then([this](bool exists) {
        if (!exists) {
            return _qp.process(
                    update_row_query,
                    db::consistency_level::QUORUM,
                    {hashpw(DEFAULT_USER_PASSWORD), DEFAULT_USER_NAME}).then([](auto&&) {
                plogger.info("Created default superuser authentication record.");
            });
        }

        return make_ready_future<>();
    });
}

future<> password_authenticator::start() {
     return once_among_shards([this] {
         gensalt(); // do this once to determine usable hashing

         auto f = create_metadata_table_if_missing(
                 meta::roles_table::name,
                 _qp,
                 meta::roles_table::creation_query(),
                 _migration_manager);

         _stopped = do_after_system_ready(_as, [this] {
             return async([this] {
                 wait_for_schema_agreement(_migration_manager, _qp.db().local()).get0();

                 if (any_nondefault_role_row_satisfies(_qp, &has_salted_hash).get0()) {
                     if (legacy_metadata_exists()) {
                         plogger.warn("Ignoring legacy authentication metadata since nondefault data already exist.");
                     }

                     return;
                 }

                 if (legacy_metadata_exists()) {
                     migrate_legacy_metadata().get0();
                     return;
                 }

                 create_default_if_missing().get0();
             });
         });

         return f;
     });
 }

future<> password_authenticator::stop() {
    _as.request_abort();
    return _stopped.handle_exception_type([] (const sleep_aborted&) { });
}

db::consistency_level password_authenticator::consistency_for_user(stdx::string_view role_name) {
    if (role_name == DEFAULT_USER_NAME) {
        return db::consistency_level::QUORUM;
    }
    return db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE;
}

const sstring& password_authenticator::qualified_java_name() const {
    return password_authenticator_name();
}

bool password_authenticator::require_authentication() const {
    return true;
}

authentication_option_set password_authenticator::supported_options() const {
    return authentication_option_set{authentication_option::password};
}

authentication_option_set password_authenticator::alterable_options() const {
    return authentication_option_set{authentication_option::password};
}

future<authenticated_user> password_authenticator::authenticate(
                const credentials_map& credentials) const {
    if (!credentials.count(USERNAME_KEY)) {
        throw exceptions::authentication_exception(sprint("Required key '%s' is missing", USERNAME_KEY));
    }
    if (!credentials.count(PASSWORD_KEY)) {
        throw exceptions::authentication_exception(sprint("Required key '%s' is missing", PASSWORD_KEY));
    }

    auto& username = credentials.at(USERNAME_KEY);
    auto& password = credentials.at(PASSWORD_KEY);

    // Here was a thread local, explicit cache of prepared statement. In normal execution this is
    // fine, but since we in testing set up and tear down system over and over, we'd start using
    // obsolete prepared statements pretty quickly.
    // Rely on query processing caching statements instead, and lets assume
    // that a map lookup string->statement is not gonna kill us much.
    return futurize_apply([this, username, password] {
        static const sstring query = sprint(
                "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s = ?",
                SALTED_HASH,
                meta::roles_table::qualified_name(),
                meta::roles_table::role_col_name);

        return _qp.process(
                query,
                consistency_for_user(username),
                {username},
                true);
    }).then_wrapped([=](future<::shared_ptr<cql3::untyped_result_set>> f) {
        try {
            auto res = f.get0();
            if (res->empty() || !checkpw(password, res->one().get_as<sstring>(SALTED_HASH))) {
                throw exceptions::authentication_exception("Username and/or password are incorrect");
            }
            return make_ready_future<authenticated_user>(username);
        } catch (std::system_error &) {
            std::throw_with_nested(exceptions::authentication_exception("Could not verify password"));
        } catch (exceptions::request_execution_exception& e) {
            std::throw_with_nested(exceptions::authentication_exception(e.what()));
        } catch (...) {
            std::throw_with_nested(exceptions::authentication_exception("authentication failed"));
        }
    });
}

future<> password_authenticator::create(stdx::string_view role_name, const authentication_options& options) const {
    if (!options.password) {
        return make_ready_future<>();
    }

    return _qp.process(
            update_row_query,
            consistency_for_user(role_name),
            {hashpw(*options.password), sstring(role_name)}).discard_result();
}

future<> password_authenticator::alter(stdx::string_view role_name, const authentication_options& options) const {
    if (!options.password) {
        return make_ready_future<>();
    }

    static const sstring query = sprint(
            "UPDATE %s SET %s = ? WHERE %s = ?",
            meta::roles_table::qualified_name(),
            SALTED_HASH,
            meta::roles_table::role_col_name);

    return _qp.process(
            query,
            consistency_for_user(role_name),
            {hashpw(*options.password), sstring(role_name)}).discard_result();
}

future<> password_authenticator::drop(stdx::string_view name) const {
    static const sstring query = sprint(
            "DELETE %s FROM %s WHERE %s = ?",
            SALTED_HASH,
            meta::roles_table::qualified_name(),
            meta::roles_table::role_col_name);

    return _qp.process(query, consistency_for_user(name), {sstring(name)}).discard_result();
}

const resource_set& password_authenticator::protected_resources() const {
    static const resource_set resources({make_data_resource(meta::AUTH_KS, meta::roles_table::name)});
    return resources;
}

::shared_ptr<authenticator::sasl_challenge> password_authenticator::new_sasl_challenge() const {
    class plain_text_password_challenge : public sasl_challenge {
        const password_authenticator& _self;

    public:
        plain_text_password_challenge(const password_authenticator& self) : _self(self) {
        }

        /**
         * SASL PLAIN mechanism specifies that credentials are encoded in a
         * sequence of UTF-8 bytes, delimited by 0 (US-ASCII NUL).
         * The form is : {code}authzId<NUL>authnId<NUL>password<NUL>{code}
         * authzId is optional, and in fact we don't care about it here as we'll
         * set the authzId to match the authnId (that is, there is no concept of
         * a user being authorized to act on behalf of another).
         *
         * @param bytes encoded credentials string sent by the client
         * @return map containing the username/password pairs in the form an IAuthenticator
         * would expect
         * @throws javax.security.sasl.SaslException
         */
        bytes evaluate_response(bytes_view client_response) override {
            plogger.debug("Decoding credentials from client token");

            sstring username, password;

            auto b = client_response.crbegin();
            auto e = client_response.crend();
            auto i = b;

            while (i != e) {
                if (*i == 0) {
                    sstring tmp(i.base(), b.base());
                    if (password.empty()) {
                        password = std::move(tmp);
                    } else if (username.empty()) {
                        username = std::move(tmp);
                    }
                    b = ++i;
                    continue;
                }
                ++i;
            }

            if (username.empty()) {
                throw exceptions::authentication_exception("Authentication ID must not be null");
            }
            if (password.empty()) {
                throw exceptions::authentication_exception("Password must not be null");
            }

            _credentials[USERNAME_KEY] = std::move(username);
            _credentials[PASSWORD_KEY] = std::move(password);
            _complete = true;
            return {};
        }

        bool is_complete() const override {
            return _complete;
        }

        future<authenticated_user> get_authenticated_user() const override {
            return _self.authenticate(_credentials);
        }
    private:
        credentials_map _credentials;
        bool _complete = false;
    };
    return ::make_shared<plain_text_password_challenge>(*this);
}

}