`duration` is a new native type that was introduced in Cassandra 3.10 [1]. Support for parsing and the internal representation of the type was added in8fa47b74e8. Important note: The version of cqlsh distributed with Scylla does not have support for durations included (it was added to Cassandra in [2]). To test this change, you can use cqlsh distributed with Cassandra. Duration types are useful when working with time-series tables, because they can be used to manipulate date-time values in relative terms. Two interesting applications are: - Aggregation by time intervals [3]: `SELECT * FROM my_table GROUP BY floor(time, 3h)` - Querying on changes in date-times: `SELECT ... WHERE last_heartbeat_time < now() - 3h` (Note: neither of these is currently supported, though columns with duration values are.) Internally, durations are represented as three signed counters: one for months, for days, and for nanoseconds. Each of these counters is serialized using a variable-length encoding which is described in version 5 of the CQL native protocol specification. The representation of a duration as three counters means that a semantic ordering on durations doesn't exist: Is `1mo` greater than `1mo1d`? We cannot know, because some months have more days than others. Durations can only have a concrete absolute value when they are "attached" to absolute date-time references. For example, `2015-04-31 at 12:00:00 + 1mo`. That duration values are not comparable presents some difficulties for the implementation, because most CQL types are. Like in Cassandra's implementation [2], I adopted a similar strategy to the way restrictions on the `counter` type are checked. A type "references" a duration if it is either a duration or it contains a duration (like a `tuple<..., duration, ...>`, or a UDT with a duration member). The following restrictions apply on durations. Note that some of these contexts are either experimental features (materialized views), or not currently supported at run-time (though support exists in the parser and code, so it is prudent to add the restrictions now): - Durations cannot appear in any part of a primary key, either for tables or materialized views. - Durations cannot be directly used as the element type of a `set`, nor can they be used as the key type of a `map`. Because internal ordering on durations is based on a byte-level comparison, this property of Cassandra was intended to help avoid user confusion around ordering of collection elements. - Secondary indexes on durations are not supported. - "Slice" relations (<=, <, >=, >) are not supported on durations with `WHERE` restrictions (like `SELECT ... WHERE span <= 3d`). Multi-column restrictions only work with clustering columns, which cannot be `duration` due to the first rule. - "Slice" relations are not supported on durations with query conditions (like `UPDATE my_table ... IF span > 5us`). Backwards incompatibility note: As described in the documentation [4], duration literals take one of two forms: either ISO 8601 formats (there are three), or a "standard" format. The ISO 8601 formats start with "P" (like "P5W"). Therefore, identifiers that have this form are no longer supported. Fixes #2240. [1] https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-11873 [2]bfd57d13b7[3] https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-11871 [4] http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/cql/types.html#working-with-durations
223 lines
9.0 KiB
C++
223 lines
9.0 KiB
C++
/*
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* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
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* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
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* distributed with this work for additional information
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* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
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* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
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* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
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* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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*
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* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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*
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* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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* limitations under the License.
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*/
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/*
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* Copyright (C) 2015 ScyllaDB
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*
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* Modified by ScyllaDB
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*/
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/*
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* This file is part of Scylla.
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*
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* Scylla is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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* it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
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* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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* (at your option) any later version.
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*
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* Scylla is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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* GNU General Public License for more details.
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*
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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* along with Scylla. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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#pragma once
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#include <vector>
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#include "cql3/restrictions/single_column_restriction.hh"
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#include "statements/request_validations.hh"
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#include "core/shared_ptr.hh"
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#include "to_string.hh"
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#include "cql3/relation.hh"
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#include "cql3/column_identifier.hh"
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#include "cql3/term.hh"
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namespace cql3 {
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/**
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* Relations encapsulate the relationship between an entity of some kind, and
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* a value (term). For example, <key> > "start" or "colname1" = "somevalue".
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*
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*/
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class single_column_relation final : public relation {
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private:
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::shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw> _entity;
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::shared_ptr<term::raw> _map_key;
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::shared_ptr<term::raw> _value;
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std::vector<::shared_ptr<term::raw>> _in_values;
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private:
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single_column_relation(::shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw> entity, ::shared_ptr<term::raw> map_key,
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const operator_type& type, ::shared_ptr<term::raw> value, std::vector<::shared_ptr<term::raw>> in_values)
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: relation(type)
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, _entity(std::move(entity))
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, _map_key(std::move(map_key))
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, _value(std::move(value))
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, _in_values(std::move(in_values))
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{ }
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public:
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/**
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* Creates a new relation.
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*
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* @param entity the kind of relation this is; what the term is being compared to.
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* @param map_key the key into the entity identifying the value the term is being compared to.
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* @param type the type that describes how this entity relates to the value.
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* @param value the value being compared.
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*/
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single_column_relation(::shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw> entity, ::shared_ptr<term::raw> map_key,
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const operator_type& type, ::shared_ptr<term::raw> value)
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: single_column_relation(std::move(entity), std::move(map_key), type, std::move(value), {})
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{ }
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/**
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* Creates a new relation.
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*
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* @param entity the kind of relation this is; what the term is being compared to.
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* @param type the type that describes how this entity relates to the value.
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* @param value the value being compared.
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*/
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single_column_relation(::shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw> entity, const operator_type& type, ::shared_ptr<term::raw> value)
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: single_column_relation(std::move(entity), {}, type, std::move(value))
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{ }
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static ::shared_ptr<single_column_relation> create_in_relation(::shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw> entity,
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std::vector<::shared_ptr<term::raw>> in_values) {
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return ::make_shared(single_column_relation(std::move(entity), {}, operator_type::IN, {}, std::move(in_values)));
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}
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::shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw> get_entity() {
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return _entity;
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}
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::shared_ptr<term::raw> get_map_key() {
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return _map_key;
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}
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::shared_ptr<term::raw> get_value() {
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return _value;
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}
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protected:
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virtual ::shared_ptr<term> to_term(const std::vector<::shared_ptr<column_specification>>& receivers,
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::shared_ptr<term::raw> raw, database& db, const sstring& keyspace,
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::shared_ptr<variable_specifications> bound_names) override;
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#if 0
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public SingleColumnRelation withNonStrictOperator()
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{
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switch (relationType)
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{
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case GT: return new SingleColumnRelation(entity, operator_type.GTE, value);
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case LT: return new SingleColumnRelation(entity, operator_type.LTE, value);
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default: return this;
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}
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}
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#endif
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virtual sstring to_string() const override {
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auto entity_as_string = _entity->to_string();
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if (_map_key) {
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entity_as_string = sprint("%s[%s]", std::move(entity_as_string), _map_key->to_string());
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}
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if (is_IN()) {
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return sprint("%s IN (%s)", entity_as_string, join(", ", _in_values));
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}
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return sprint("%s %s %s", entity_as_string, _relation_type, _value->to_string());
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}
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protected:
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virtual ::shared_ptr<restrictions::restriction> new_EQ_restriction(database& db, schema_ptr schema,
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::shared_ptr<variable_specifications> bound_names);
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virtual ::shared_ptr<restrictions::restriction> new_IN_restriction(database& db, schema_ptr schema,
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::shared_ptr<variable_specifications> bound_names) override;
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virtual ::shared_ptr<restrictions::restriction> new_slice_restriction(database& db, schema_ptr schema,
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::shared_ptr<variable_specifications> bound_names,
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statements::bound bound,
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bool inclusive) override {
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auto&& column_def = to_column_definition(schema, _entity);
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if (column_def.type->references_duration()) {
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using statements::request_validations::check_false;
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const auto& ty = *column_def.type;
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check_false(ty.is_collection(), "Slice restrictions are not supported on collections containing durations");
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check_false(ty.is_tuple(), "Slice restrictions are not supported on tuples containing durations");
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check_false(ty.is_user_type(), "Slice restrictions are not supported on UDTs containing durations");
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// We're a duration.
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throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Slice restrictions are not supported on duration columns");
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}
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auto term = to_term(to_receivers(schema, column_def), _value, db, schema->ks_name(), std::move(bound_names));
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return ::make_shared<restrictions::single_column_restriction::slice>(column_def, bound, inclusive, std::move(term));
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}
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virtual shared_ptr<restrictions::restriction> new_contains_restriction(database& db, schema_ptr schema,
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::shared_ptr<variable_specifications> bound_names,
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bool is_key) override {
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auto&& column_def = to_column_definition(schema, _entity);
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auto term = to_term(to_receivers(schema, column_def), _value, db, schema->ks_name(), std::move(bound_names));
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return ::make_shared<restrictions::single_column_restriction::contains>(column_def, std::move(term), is_key);
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}
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virtual ::shared_ptr<relation> maybe_rename_identifier(const column_identifier::raw& from, column_identifier::raw to) override {
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return *_entity == from
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? ::make_shared(single_column_relation(
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::make_shared<column_identifier::raw>(std::move(to)), _map_key, _relation_type, _value, _in_values))
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: static_pointer_cast<single_column_relation>(shared_from_this());
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}
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private:
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/**
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* Returns the receivers for this relation.
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*
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* @param schema the Column Family meta data
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* @param column_def the column definition
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* @return the receivers for the specified relation.
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* @throws exceptions::invalid_request_exception if the relation is invalid
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*/
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std::vector<::shared_ptr<column_specification>> to_receivers(schema_ptr schema, const column_definition& column_def);
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static shared_ptr<column_specification> make_collection_receiver(shared_ptr<column_specification> receiver, bool for_key) {
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return static_cast<const collection_type_impl*>(receiver->type.get())->make_collection_receiver(receiver, for_key);
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}
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bool is_legal_relation_for_non_frozen_collection() const {
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return is_contains_key() || is_contains() || is_map_entry_equality();
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}
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bool is_map_entry_equality() const {
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return _map_key && is_EQ();
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}
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private:
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bool can_have_only_one_value() {
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return is_EQ() || (is_IN() && _in_values.size() == 1);
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}
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};
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};
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