jwksCache, jwksFetchedAt, resolvedJWKSUri, and discoveryFailed are
mutated lazily on the first token-validate call and refreshed
afterwards on TTL expiry. Multiple S3 requests can land here in
parallel, so the writes were racing against subsequent reads on
every other goroutine. resolvedJWKSUri/discoveryFailed inherited
the same un-protected pattern when discovery shipped.
Add sync.RWMutex; getPublicKey takes the read lock for the
common cache-hit path and promotes to the write lock for misses
+ refreshes. fetchJWKSLocked / resolveJWKSUriLocked assume the
write lock is held by the caller; fetchJWKS keeps the
test-friendly entry point that acquires the lock itself.
Addresses gemini high-priority review on PR #9318.