Adjust better to Gnulib signed-int read changes

The 2024-08-09 Gnulib changes that caused some modules prefer
signed types to size_t means that Tar should follow suit.
* src/buffer.c (short_read):
* src/system.c (sys_child_open_for_compress)
(sys_child_open_for_uncompress):
rmtread and safe_read return ptrdiff_t not idx_t;
don’t rely on implementation defined conversion.
* src/misc.c (blocking_read): Never return a negative number.
Return idx_t, not ptrdiff_t, with the same convention for EOF
and error as the new full_read.  All callers changed.
* src/sparse.c (sparse_dump_region, check_sparse_region)
(check_data_region):
* src/update.c (append_file):
full_read no longer returns SAFE_READ_ERROR for I/O error; instead it
returns the number of bytes successfully read, and sets errno.
Adjust to this.
* src/system.c (sys_child_open_for_uncompress):
Rewrite to avoid need for goto and label.

src/buffer.c

@@ -987,8 +987,12 @@ short_read (idx_t status)
          || (left && status && read_full_records))
     {
       if (status)
-        while ((status = rmtread (archive, more, left)) == SAFE_READ_ERROR)
-          archive_read_error ();
+	{
+	  ptrdiff_t nread;
+	  while ((nread = rmtread (archive, more, left)) < 0)
+	    archive_read_error ();
+	  status = nread;
+	}
 
       if (status == 0)
         break;