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href="/master/spec/abci/abci.html" aria-current="page" class="crumbs__item router-link-exact-active router-link-active" data-v-48fb2d7a>Methods and Types</a></div><div class="menu" data-v-48fb2d7a><div class="menu__item" style="visibility:visible;" data-v-48fb2d7a><svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="menu__item__icon menu__item__icon__active__false" data-v-48fb2d7a><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0.25 2C0.25 1.58579 0.585786 1.25 1 1.25H6C6.41421 1.25 6.75 1.58579 6.75 2C6.75 2.41421 6.41421 2.75 6 2.75H1C0.585786 2.75 0.25 2.41421 0.25 2ZM17.53 22.7803L16.9997 22.25L17.53 22.7803L17.5301 22.7802L17.5305 22.7798L17.5322 22.7781L17.5388 22.7715L17.5647 22.7456L17.6647 22.6456L18.0367 22.2737L19.2978 21.0126L22.53 17.7803C22.8229 17.4874 22.8229 17.0126 22.53 16.7197C22.2371 16.4268 21.7622 16.4268 21.4693 16.7197L18.2371 19.9519L17.7497 20.4393V8.5C17.7497 6.34186 17.0721 4.51182 15.7802 3.21983C14.4882 1.92783 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data-v-c85ed208 data-v-58560e81><div class="search__container" data-v-c85ed208><div class="search" data-v-c85ed208><div class="search__icon" data-v-c85ed208><svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-v-c85ed208><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 2.75C6.66751 2.75 2.75 6.66751 2.75 11.5C2.75 16.3325 6.66751 20.25 11.5 20.25C13.6462 20.25 15.612 19.4773 17.1342 18.1949L22.6697 23.7303C22.9626 24.0232 23.4374 24.0232 23.7303 23.7303C24.0232 23.4374 24.0232 22.9626 23.7303 22.6697L18.1949 17.1342C19.4773 15.612 20.25 13.6462 20.25 11.5C20.25 6.66751 16.3325 2.75 11.5 2.75ZM16.6923 16.5599C17.9656 15.2535 18.75 13.4684 18.75 11.5C18.75 7.49594 15.5041 4.25 11.5 4.25C7.49594 4.25 4.25 7.49594 4.25 11.5C4.25 15.5041 7.49594 18.75 11.5 18.75C13.4684 18.75 15.2535 17.9656 16.5599 16.6923C16.5789 16.6679 16.5996 16.6444 16.622 16.622C16.6444 16.5996 16.6679 16.5789 16.6923 16.5599Z"></path></svg></div><div class="search__text" data-v-c85ed208>Search</div></div></div><div class="container" data-v-c85ed208><div class="content__default" data-v-58560e81><h1 id="methods-and-types"><a href="#methods-and-types" class="header-anchor">#</a> Methods and Types</h1> <h2 id="connections"><a href="#connections" class="header-anchor">#</a> Connections</h2> <p>ABCI applications can run either within the <em>same</em> process as the Tendermint
state-machine replication engine, or as a <em>separate</em> process from the state-machine
replication engine. When run within the same process, Tendermint will call the ABCI
application methods directly as Go method calls.</p> <p>When Tendermint and the ABCI application are run as separate processes, Tendermint
opens maintains a connection over either a native socket protocol or
gRPC.</p> <p>More details on managing state across connections can be found in the
section on <a href="/master/spec/abci/apps.html">ABCI Applications</a>.</p> <h2 id="errors"><a href="#errors" class="header-anchor">#</a> Errors</h2> <p>The <code>Query</code>, <code>CheckTx</code> and <code>DeliverTx</code> methods include a <code>Code</code> field in their <code>Response*</code>.
This field is meant to contain an application-specific response code.
A response code of <code>0</code> indicates no error. Any other response code
indicates to Tendermint that an error occurred.</p> <p>These methods also return a <code>Codespace</code> string to Tendermint. This field is
used to disambiguate <code>Code</code> values returned by different domains of the
application. The <code>Codespace</code> is a namespace for the <code>Code</code>.</p> <p>The handling of non-zero response codes by Tendermint is described
below.</p> <p>Applications should always terminate if they encounter an issue in a
method where continuing would corrupt their own state, or for which
tendermint should not continue.</p> <p>In the Go implementation these methods take a context and may return
an error. The context exists so that applications can terminate
gracefully during shutdown, and the error return value makes it
possible for applications to signal transient errors to Tendermint.</p> <h3 id="checktx"><a href="#checktx" class="header-anchor">#</a> CheckTx</h3> <p>The <code>CheckTx</code> ABCI method controls what transactions are considered for inclusion in a block.
When Tendermint receives a <code>ResponseCheckTx</code> with a non-zero <code>Code</code>, the associated
transaction will not be added to Tendermint's mempool or it will be removed if
it is already included.</p> <h3 id="delivertx"><a href="#delivertx" class="header-anchor">#</a> DeliverTx</h3> <p>The <code>DeliverTx</code> ABCI method delivers transactions from Tendermint to the application.
When Tendermint recieves a <code>ResponseDeliverTx</code> with a non-zero <code>Code</code>, the response code is logged.
The transaction was already included in a block, so the <code>Code</code> does not influence
Tendermint consensus.</p> <h3 id="query"><a href="#query" class="header-anchor">#</a> Query</h3> <p>The <code>Query</code> ABCI method query queries the application for information about application state.
When Tendermint receives a <code>ResponseQuery</code> with a non-zero <code>Code</code>, this code is
returned directly to the client that initiated the query.</p> <h2 id="events"><a href="#events" class="header-anchor">#</a> Events</h2> <p>The <code>CheckTx</code>, <code>BeginBlock</code>, <code>DeliverTx</code>, <code>EndBlock</code> methods include an <code>Events</code>
field in their <code>Response*</code>. Applications may respond to these ABCI methods with a set of events.
Events allow applications to associate metadata about ABCI method execution with the
transactions and blocks this metadata relates to.
Events returned via these ABCI methods do not impact Tendermint consensus in any way
and instead exist to power subscriptions and queries of Tendermint state.</p> <p>An <code>Event</code> contains a <code>type</code> and a list of <code>EventAttributes</code>, which are key-value
string pairs denoting metadata about what happened during the method's execution.
<code>Event</code> values can be used to index transactions and blocks according to what happened
during their execution. Note that the set of events returned for a block from
<code>BeginBlock</code> and <code>EndBlock</code> are merged. In case both methods return the same
key, only the value defined in <code>EndBlock</code> is used.</p> <p>Each event has a <code>type</code> which is meant to categorize the event for a particular
<code>Response*</code> or <code>Tx</code>. A <code>Response*</code> or <code>Tx</code> may contain multiple events with duplicate
<code>type</code> values, where each distinct entry is meant to categorize attributes for a
particular event. Every key and value in an event's attributes must be UTF-8
encoded strings along with the event type itself.</p> <span class="codeblock" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="container codeblock__hasfooter__false codeblock__is-expandable__false codeblock__expanded__false" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__container" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__block" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="icons" data-v-1eda75b2><!----> <span class="icons__item" data-v-1eda75b2><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icons__item__icon" data-v-1eda75b2><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11 0.25C10.0335 0.25 9.25 1.0335 9.25 2V4.5H10.75V2C10.75 1.86193 10.8619 1.75 11 1.75H21C21.1381 1.75 21.25 1.86193 21.25 2V16C21.25 16.1381 21.1381 16.25 21 16.25H16.5V17.75H21C21.9665 17.75 22.75 16.9665 22.75 16V2C22.75 1.0335 21.9665 0.25 21 0.25H11ZM3 6.25C2.0335 6.25 1.25 7.0335 1.25 8V22C1.25 22.9665 2.0335 23.75 3 23.75H13C13.9665 23.75 14.75 22.9665 14.75 22V8C14.75 7.0335 13.9665 6.25 13 6.25H3ZM2.75 8C2.75 7.86193 2.86193 7.75 3 7.75H13C13.1381 7.75 13.25 7.86193 13.25 8V22C13.25 22.1381 13.1381 22.25 13 22.25H3C2.86193 22.25 2.75 22.1381 2.75 22V8Z" data-v-1eda75b2></path></svg> <span class="icons__item__tooltip" data-v-1eda75b2>
Copy
</span></span></span> <span class="body" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__wrapper" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__code" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="token keyword">message</span> <span class="token class-name">Event</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token builtin">string</span> type <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">repeated</span> <span class="token positional-class-name class-name">EventAttribute</span> attributes <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></span></span></span> <!----></span> <!----></span></span> <p>The attributes of an <code>Event</code> consist of a <code>key</code>, a <code>value</code>, and an <code>index</code> flag. The
index flag notifies the Tendermint indexer to index the attribute. The value of
the <code>index</code> flag is non-deterministic and may vary across different nodes in the network.</p> <span class="codeblock" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="container codeblock__hasfooter__false codeblock__is-expandable__false codeblock__expanded__false" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__container" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__block" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="icons" data-v-1eda75b2><!----> <span class="icons__item" data-v-1eda75b2><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icons__item__icon" data-v-1eda75b2><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11 0.25C10.0335 0.25 9.25 1.0335 9.25 2V4.5H10.75V2C10.75 1.86193 10.8619 1.75 11 1.75H21C21.1381 1.75 21.25 1.86193 21.25 2V16C21.25 16.1381 21.1381 16.25 21 16.25H16.5V17.75H21C21.9665 17.75 22.75 16.9665 22.75 16V2C22.75 1.0335 21.9665 0.25 21 0.25H11ZM3 6.25C2.0335 6.25 1.25 7.0335 1.25 8V22C1.25 22.9665 2.0335 23.75 3 23.75H13C13.9665 23.75 14.75 22.9665 14.75 22V8C14.75 7.0335 13.9665 6.25 13 6.25H3ZM2.75 8C2.75 7.86193 2.86193 7.75 3 7.75H13C13.1381 7.75 13.25 7.86193 13.25 8V22C13.25 22.1381 13.1381 22.25 13 22.25H3C2.86193 22.25 2.75 22.1381 2.75 22V8Z" data-v-1eda75b2></path></svg> <span class="icons__item__tooltip" data-v-1eda75b2>
Copy
</span></span></span> <span class="body" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__wrapper" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__code" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="token keyword">message</span> <span class="token class-name">EventAttribute</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token builtin">bytes</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">bytes</span> value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">bool</span> index <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// nondeterministic</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></span></span></span> <!----></span> <!----></span></span> <p>Example:</p> <span class="codeblock" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="container codeblock__hasfooter__false codeblock__is-expandable__false codeblock__expanded__false" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__container" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__block" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="icons" data-v-1eda75b2><!----> <span class="icons__item" data-v-1eda75b2><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icons__item__icon" data-v-1eda75b2><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11 0.25C10.0335 0.25 9.25 1.0335 9.25 2V4.5H10.75V2C10.75 1.86193 10.8619 1.75 11 1.75H21C21.1381 1.75 21.25 1.86193 21.25 2V16C21.25 16.1381 21.1381 16.25 21 16.25H16.5V17.75H21C21.9665 17.75 22.75 16.9665 22.75 16V2C22.75 1.0335 21.9665 0.25 21 0.25H11ZM3 6.25C2.0335 6.25 1.25 7.0335 1.25 8V22C1.25 22.9665 2.0335 23.75 3 23.75H13C13.9665 23.75 14.75 22.9665 14.75 22V8C14.75 7.0335 13.9665 6.25 13 6.25H3ZM2.75 8C2.75 7.86193 2.86193 7.75 3 7.75H13C13.1381 7.75 13.25 7.86193 13.25 8V22C13.25 22.1381 13.1381 22.25 13 22.25H3C2.86193 22.25 2.75 22.1381 2.75 22V8Z" data-v-1eda75b2></path></svg> <span class="icons__item__tooltip" data-v-1eda75b2>
Copy
</span></span></span> <span class="body" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__wrapper" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__code" data-v-1eda75b2> abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ResponseDeliverTx<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// ...</span>
Events<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Event<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"validator.provisions"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Attributes<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>EventAttribute<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>EventAttribute<span class="token punctuation">{</span>Key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"address"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Index<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>EventAttribute<span class="token punctuation">{</span>Key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"amount"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Index<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>EventAttribute<span class="token punctuation">{</span>Key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"balance"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Index<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"validator.provisions"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Attributes<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>EventAttribute<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>EventAttribute<span class="token punctuation">{</span>Key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"address"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Index<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>EventAttribute<span class="token punctuation">{</span>Key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"amount"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Index<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>EventAttribute<span class="token punctuation">{</span>Key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"balance"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Index<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"validator.slashed"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Attributes<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>EventAttribute<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>EventAttribute<span class="token punctuation">{</span>Key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"address"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Index<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>EventAttribute<span class="token punctuation">{</span>Key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"amount"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Index<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
abci<span class="token punctuation">.</span>EventAttribute<span class="token punctuation">{</span>Key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"reason"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token function">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Index<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// ...</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></span></span></span> <!----></span> <!----></span></span> <h2 id="evidencetype"><a href="#evidencetype" class="header-anchor">#</a> EvidenceType</h2> <p>Tendermint's security model relies on the use of &quot;evidence&quot;. Evidence is proof of
malicious behaviour by a network participant. It is the responsibility of Tendermint
to detect such malicious behaviour. When malicious behavior is detected, Tendermint
will gossip evidence of the behavior to other nodes and commit the evidence to
the chain once it is verified by all validators. This evidence will then be
passed it on to the application through the ABCI. It is the responsibility of the
application to handle the evidence and exercise punishment.</p> <p>EvidenceType has the following protobuf format:</p> <span class="codeblock" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="container codeblock__hasfooter__false codeblock__is-expandable__false codeblock__expanded__false" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__container" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__block" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="icons" data-v-1eda75b2><!----> <span class="icons__item" data-v-1eda75b2><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icons__item__icon" data-v-1eda75b2><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11 0.25C10.0335 0.25 9.25 1.0335 9.25 2V4.5H10.75V2C10.75 1.86193 10.8619 1.75 11 1.75H21C21.1381 1.75 21.25 1.86193 21.25 2V16C21.25 16.1381 21.1381 16.25 21 16.25H16.5V17.75H21C21.9665 17.75 22.75 16.9665 22.75 16V2C22.75 1.0335 21.9665 0.25 21 0.25H11ZM3 6.25C2.0335 6.25 1.25 7.0335 1.25 8V22C1.25 22.9665 2.0335 23.75 3 23.75H13C13.9665 23.75 14.75 22.9665 14.75 22V8C14.75 7.0335 13.9665 6.25 13 6.25H3ZM2.75 8C2.75 7.86193 2.86193 7.75 3 7.75H13C13.1381 7.75 13.25 7.86193 13.25 8V22C13.25 22.1381 13.1381 22.25 13 22.25H3C2.86193 22.25 2.75 22.1381 2.75 22V8Z" data-v-1eda75b2></path></svg> <span class="icons__item__tooltip" data-v-1eda75b2>
Copy
</span></span></span> <span class="body" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__wrapper" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__code" data-v-1eda75b2>enum EvidenceType {
UNKNOWN = 0;
DUPLICATE_VOTE = 1;
LIGHT_CLIENT_ATTACK = 2;
}
</span></span></span></span> <!----></span> <!----></span></span> <p>There are two forms of evidence: Duplicate Vote and Light Client Attack. More
information can be found in either <a href="/master/spec/core/data_structures.html">data structures</a>
or <a href="/master/spec/light-client/accountability/">accountability</a></p> <h2 id="determinism"><a href="#determinism" class="header-anchor">#</a> Determinism</h2> <p>ABCI applications must implement deterministic finite-state machines to be
securely replicated by the Tendermint consensus engine. This means block execution
over the Consensus Connection must be strictly deterministic: given the same
ordered set of requests, all nodes will compute identical responses, for all
BeginBlock, DeliverTx, EndBlock, and Commit. This is critical, because the
responses are included in the header of the next block, either via a Merkle root
or directly, so all nodes must agree on exactly what they are.</p> <p>For this reason, it is recommended that applications not be exposed to any
external user or process except via the ABCI connections to a consensus engine
like Tendermint Core. The application must only change its state based on input
from block execution (BeginBlock, DeliverTx, EndBlock, Commit), and not through
any other kind of request. This is the only way to ensure all nodes see the same
transactions and compute the same results.</p> <p>If there is some non-determinism in the state machine, consensus will eventually
fail as nodes disagree over the correct values for the block header. The
non-determinism must be fixed and the nodes restarted.</p> <p>Sources of non-determinism in applications may include:</p> <ul><li>Hardware failures
<ul><li>Cosmic rays, overheating, etc.</li></ul></li> <li>Node-dependent state
<ul><li>Random numbers</li> <li>Time</li></ul></li> <li>Underspecification
<ul><li>Library version changes</li> <li>Race conditions</li> <li>Floating point numbers</li> <li>JSON serialization</li> <li>Iterating through hash-tables/maps/dictionaries</li></ul></li> <li>External Sources
<ul><li>Filesystem</li> <li>Network calls (eg. some external REST API service)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>See <a href="https://github.com/tendermint/abci/issues/56" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">#56<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> for original discussion.</p> <p>Note that some methods (<code>Query, CheckTx, DeliverTx</code>) return
explicitly non-deterministic data in the form of <code>Info</code> and <code>Log</code> fields. The <code>Log</code> is
intended for the literal output from the application's logger, while the
<code>Info</code> is any additional info that should be returned. These are the only fields
that are not included in block header computations, so we don't need agreement
on them. All other fields in the <code>Response*</code> must be strictly deterministic.</p> <h2 id="block-execution"><a href="#block-execution" class="header-anchor">#</a> Block Execution</h2> <p>The first time a new blockchain is started, Tendermint calls
<code>InitChain</code>. From then on, the following sequence of methods is executed for each
block:</p> <p><code>BeginBlock, [DeliverTx], EndBlock, Commit</code></p> <p>where one <code>DeliverTx</code> is called for each transaction in the block.
The result is an updated application state.
Cryptographic commitments to the results of DeliverTx, EndBlock, and
Commit are included in the header of the next block.</p> <h2 id="state-sync"><a href="#state-sync" class="header-anchor">#</a> State Sync</h2> <p>State sync allows new nodes to rapidly bootstrap by discovering, fetching, and applying
state machine snapshots instead of replaying historical blocks. For more details, see the
<a href="/master/spec/p2p/messages/state-sync.html">state sync section</a>.</p> <p>New nodes will discover and request snapshots from other nodes in the P2P network.
A Tendermint node that receives a request for snapshots from a peer will call
<code>ListSnapshots</code> on its application to retrieve any local state snapshots. After receiving
snapshots from peers, the new node will offer each snapshot received from a peer
to its local application via the <code>OfferSnapshot</code> method.</p> <p>Snapshots may be quite large and are thus broken into smaller &quot;chunks&quot; that can be
assembled into the whole snapshot. Once the application accepts a snapshot and
begins restoring it, Tendermint will fetch snapshot &quot;chunks&quot; from existing nodes.
The node providing &quot;chunks&quot; will fetch them from its local application using
the <code>LoadSnapshotChunk</code> method.</p> <p>As the new node receives &quot;chunks&quot; it will apply them sequentially to the local
application with <code>ApplySnapshotChunk</code>. When all chunks have been applied, the application
<code>AppHash</code> is retrieved via an <code>Info</code> query. The <code>AppHash</code> is then compared to
the blockchain's <code>AppHash</code> which is verified via <a href="/master/spec/light-client/verification/">light client verification</a>.</p> <h2 id="messages"><a href="#messages" class="header-anchor">#</a> Messages</h2> <h3 id="echo"><a href="#echo" class="header-anchor">#</a> Echo</h3> <ul><li><strong>Request</strong>:
<ul><li><code>Message (string)</code>: A string to echo back</li></ul></li> <li><strong>Response</strong>:
<ul><li><code>Message (string)</code>: The input string</li></ul></li> <li><strong>Usage</strong>:
<ul><li>Echo a string to test an abci client/server implementation</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="flush"><a href="#flush" class="header-anchor">#</a> Flush</h3> <ul><li><strong>Usage</strong>:
<ul><li>Signals that messages queued on the client should be flushed to
the server. It is called periodically by the client
implementation to ensure asynchronous requests are actually
sent, and is called immediately to make a synchronous request,
which returns when the Flush response comes back.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="info"><a href="#info" class="header-anchor">#</a> Info</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Request</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>version</td> <td>string</td> <td>The Tendermint software semantic version</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>block_version</td> <td>uint64</td> <td>The Tendermint Block Protocol version</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>p2p_version</td> <td>uint64</td> <td>The Tendermint P2P Protocol version</td> <td>3</td></tr> <tr><td>abci_version</td> <td>string</td> <td>The Tendermint ABCI semantic version</td> <td>4</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Response</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>data</td> <td>string</td> <td>Some arbitrary information</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>version</td> <td>string</td> <td>The application software semantic version</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>app_version</td> <td>uint64</td> <td>The application protocol version</td> <td>3</td></tr> <tr><td>last_block_height</td> <td>int64</td> <td>Latest block for which the app has called Commit</td> <td>4</td></tr> <tr><td>last_block_app_hash</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>Latest result of Commit</td> <td>5</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Return information about the application state.</li> <li>Used to sync Tendermint with the application during a handshake
that happens on startup.</li> <li>The returned <code>app_version</code> will be included in the Header of every block.</li> <li>Tendermint expects <code>last_block_app_hash</code> and <code>last_block_height</code> to
be updated during <code>Commit</code>, ensuring that <code>Commit</code> is never
called twice for the same block height.</li></ul></li></ul> <blockquote><p>Note: Semantic version is a reference to <a href="https://semver.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">semantic versioning<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>. Semantic versions in info will be displayed as X.X.x.</p></blockquote> <h3 id="initchain"><a href="#initchain" class="header-anchor">#</a> InitChain</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Request</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>time</td> <td><a href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/google.protobuf#google.protobuf.Timestamp" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">google.protobuf.Timestamp<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></td> <td>Genesis time</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>chain_id</td> <td>string</td> <td>ID of the blockchain.</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>consensus_params</td> <td><a href="#consensusparams">ConsensusParams</a></td> <td>Initial consensus-critical parameters.</td> <td>3</td></tr> <tr><td>validators</td> <td>repeated <a href="#validatorupdate">ValidatorUpdate</a></td> <td>Initial genesis validators, sorted by voting power.</td> <td>4</td></tr> <tr><td>app_state_bytes</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>Serialized initial application state. JSON bytes.</td> <td>5</td></tr> <tr><td>initial_height</td> <td>int64</td> <td>Height of the initial block (typically <code>1</code>).</td> <td>6</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Response</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>consensus_params</td> <td><a href="#consensusparams">ConsensusParams</a></td> <td>Initial consensus-critical parameters (optional</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>validators</td> <td>repeated <a href="#validatorupdate">ValidatorUpdate</a></td> <td>Initial validator set (optional).</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>app_hash</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>Initial application hash.</td> <td>3</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Called once upon genesis.</li> <li>If ResponseInitChain.Validators is empty, the initial validator set will be the RequestInitChain.Validators</li> <li>If ResponseInitChain.Validators is not empty, it will be the initial
validator set (regardless of what is in RequestInitChain.Validators).</li> <li>This allows the app to decide if it wants to accept the initial validator
set proposed by tendermint (ie. in the genesis file), or if it wants to use
a different one (perhaps computed based on some application specific
information in the genesis file).</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="query-2"><a href="#query-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> Query</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Request</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>data</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>Raw query bytes. Can be used with or in lieu of Path.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>path</td> <td>string</td> <td>Path field of the request URI. Can be used with or in lieu of <code>data</code>. Apps MUST interpret <code>/store</code> as a query by key on the underlying store. The key SHOULD be specified in the <code>data</code> field. Apps SHOULD allow queries over specific types like <code>/accounts/...</code> or <code>/votes/...</code></td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>height</td> <td>int64</td> <td>The block height for which you want the query (default=0 returns data for the latest committed block). Note that this is the height of the block containing the application's Merkle root hash, which represents the state as it was after committing the block at Height-1</td> <td>3</td></tr> <tr><td>prove</td> <td>bool</td> <td>Return Merkle proof with response if possible</td> <td>4</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Response</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>code</td> <td>uint32</td> <td>Response code.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>log</td> <td>string</td> <td>The output of the application's logger. <strong>May be non-deterministic.</strong></td> <td>3</td></tr> <tr><td>info</td> <td>string</td> <td>Additional information. <strong>May be non-deterministic.</strong></td> <td>4</td></tr> <tr><td>index</td> <td>int64</td> <td>The index of the key in the tree.</td> <td>5</td></tr> <tr><td>key</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>The key of the matching data.</td> <td>6</td></tr> <tr><td>value</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>The value of the matching data.</td> <td>7</td></tr> <tr><td>proof_ops</td> <td><a href="#proofops">ProofOps</a></td> <td>Serialized proof for the value data, if requested, to be verified against the <code>app_hash</code> for the given Height.</td> <td>8</td></tr> <tr><td>height</td> <td>int64</td> <td>The block height from which data was derived. Note that this is the height of the block containing the application's Merkle root hash, which represents the state as it was after committing the block at Height-1</td> <td>9</td></tr> <tr><td>codespace</td> <td>string</td> <td>Namespace for the <code>code</code>.</td> <td>10</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Query for data from the application at current or past height.</li> <li>Optionally return Merkle proof.</li> <li>Merkle proof includes self-describing <code>type</code> field to support many types
of Merkle trees and encoding formats.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="beginblock"><a href="#beginblock" class="header-anchor">#</a> BeginBlock</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Request</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>hash</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>The block's hash. This can be derived from the block header.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>header</td> <td><a href="/master/spec/core/data_structures.html#header">Header</a></td> <td>The block header.</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>last_commit_info</td> <td><a href="#lastcommitinfo">LastCommitInfo</a></td> <td>Info about the last commit, including the round, and the list of validators and which ones signed the last block.</td> <td>3</td></tr> <tr><td>byzantine_validators</td> <td>repeated <a href="#evidence">Evidence</a></td> <td>List of evidence of validators that acted maliciously.</td> <td>4</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Response</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>events</td> <td>repeated <a href="#events">Event</a></td> <td>type &amp; Key-Value events for indexing</td> <td>1</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Signals the beginning of a new block.</li> <li>Called prior to any <code>DeliverTx</code> method calls.</li> <li>The header contains the height, timestamp, and more - it exactly matches the
Tendermint block header. We may seek to generalize this in the future.</li> <li>The <code>LastCommitInfo</code> and <code>ByzantineValidators</code> can be used to determine
rewards and punishments for the validators.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="checktx-2"><a href="#checktx-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> CheckTx</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Request</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>tx</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>The request transaction bytes</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>type</td> <td>CheckTxType</td> <td>One of <code>CheckTx_New</code> or <code>CheckTx_Recheck</code>. <code>CheckTx_New</code> is the default and means that a full check of the tranasaction is required. <code>CheckTx_Recheck</code> types are used when the mempool is initiating a normal recheck of a transaction.</td> <td>2</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Response</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>code</td> <td>uint32</td> <td>Response code.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>data</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>Result bytes, if any.</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>log</td> <td>string</td> <td>The output of the application's logger. <strong>May be non-deterministic.</strong></td> <td>3</td></tr> <tr><td>info</td> <td>string</td> <td>Additional information. <strong>May be non-deterministic.</strong></td> <td>4</td></tr> <tr><td>gas_wanted</td> <td>int64</td> <td>Amount of gas requested for transaction.</td> <td>5</td></tr> <tr><td>gas_used</td> <td>int64</td> <td>Amount of gas consumed by transaction.</td> <td>6</td></tr> <tr><td>events</td> <td>repeated <a href="#events">Event</a></td> <td>Type &amp; Key-Value events for indexing transactions (eg. by account).</td> <td>7</td></tr> <tr><td>codespace</td> <td>string</td> <td>Namespace for the <code>code</code>.</td> <td>8</td></tr> <tr><td>sender</td> <td>string</td> <td>The transaction's sender (e.g. the signer)</td> <td>9</td></tr> <tr><td>priority</td> <td>int64</td> <td>The transaction's priority (for mempool ordering)</td> <td>10</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Technically optional - not involved in processing blocks.</li> <li>Guardian of the mempool: every node runs <code>CheckTx</code> before letting a
transaction into its local mempool.</li> <li>The transaction may come from an external user or another node</li> <li><code>CheckTx</code> validates the transaction against the current state of the application,
for example, checking signatures and account balances, but does not apply any
of the state changes described in the transaction.
not running code in a virtual machine.</li> <li>Transactions where <code>ResponseCheckTx.Code != 0</code> will be rejected - they will not be broadcast to
other nodes or included in a proposal block.</li> <li>Tendermint attributes no other value to the response code</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="delivertx-2"><a href="#delivertx-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> DeliverTx</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Request</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>tx</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>The request transaction bytes.</td> <td>1</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Response</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>code</td> <td>uint32</td> <td>Response code.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>data</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>Result bytes, if any.</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>log</td> <td>string</td> <td>The output of the application's logger. <strong>May be non-deterministic.</strong></td> <td>3</td></tr> <tr><td>info</td> <td>string</td> <td>Additional information. <strong>May be non-deterministic.</strong></td> <td>4</td></tr> <tr><td>gas_wanted</td> <td>int64</td> <td>Amount of gas requested for transaction.</td> <td>5</td></tr> <tr><td>gas_used</td> <td>int64</td> <td>Amount of gas consumed by transaction.</td> <td>6</td></tr> <tr><td>events</td> <td>repeated <a href="#events">Event</a></td> <td>Type &amp; Key-Value events for indexing transactions (eg. by account).</td> <td>7</td></tr> <tr><td>codespace</td> <td>string</td> <td>Namespace for the <code>code</code>.</td> <td>8</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>[<strong>Required</strong>] The core method of the application.</li> <li>When <code>DeliverTx</code> is called, the application must execute the transaction in full before returning control to Tendermint.</li> <li><code>ResponseDeliverTx.Code == 0</code> only if the transaction is fully valid.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="endblock"><a href="#endblock" class="header-anchor">#</a> EndBlock</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Request</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>height</td> <td>int64</td> <td>Height of the block just executed.</td> <td>1</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Response</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>validator_updates</td> <td>repeated <a href="#validatorupdate">ValidatorUpdate</a></td> <td>Changes to validator set (set voting power to 0 to remove).</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>consensus_param_updates</td> <td><a href="#consensusparams">ConsensusParams</a></td> <td>Changes to consensus-critical time, size, and other parameters.</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>events</td> <td>repeated <a href="#events">Event</a></td> <td>Type &amp; Key-Value events for indexing</td> <td>3</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Signals the end of a block.</li> <li>Called after all the transactions for the current block have been delivered, prior to the block's <code>Commit</code> message.</li> <li>Optional <code>validator_updates</code> triggered by block <code>H</code>. These updates affect validation
for blocks <code>H+1</code>, <code>H+2</code>, and <code>H+3</code>.</li> <li>Heights following a validator update are affected in the following way:
<ul><li><code>H+1</code>: <code>NextValidatorsHash</code> includes the new <code>validator_updates</code> value.</li> <li><code>H+2</code>: The validator set change takes effect and <code>ValidatorsHash</code> is updated.</li> <li><code>H+3</code>: <code>LastCommitInfo</code> is changed to include the altered validator set.</li></ul></li> <li><code>consensus_param_updates</code> returned for block <code>H</code> apply to the consensus
params for block <code>H+1</code>. For more information on the consensus parameters,
see the <a href="/master/spec/abci/apps.html#consensus-parameters">application spec entry on consensus parameters</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="commit"><a href="#commit" class="header-anchor">#</a> Commit</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Request</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody></tbody></table> <p>Commit signals the application to persist application state. It takes no parameters.</p></li> <li><p><strong>Response</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>data</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>The Merkle root hash of the application state.</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>retain_height</td> <td>int64</td> <td>Blocks below this height may be removed. Defaults to <code>0</code> (retain all).</td> <td>3</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Signal the application to persist the application state.</li> <li>Return an (optional) Merkle root hash of the application state</li> <li><code>ResponseCommit.Data</code> is included as the <code>Header.AppHash</code> in the next block
<ul><li>it may be empty</li></ul></li> <li>Later calls to <code>Query</code> can return proofs about the application state anchored
in this Merkle root hash</li> <li>Note developers can return whatever they want here (could be nothing, or a
constant string, etc.), so long as it is deterministic - it must not be a
function of anything that did not come from the
BeginBlock/DeliverTx/EndBlock methods.</li> <li>Use <code>RetainHeight</code> with caution! If all nodes in the network remove historical
blocks then this data is permanently lost, and no new nodes will be able to
join the network and bootstrap. Historical blocks may also be required for
other purposes, e.g. auditing, replay of non-persisted heights, light client
verification, and so on.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="listsnapshots"><a href="#listsnapshots" class="header-anchor">#</a> ListSnapshots</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Request</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody></tbody></table> <p>Empty request asking the application for a list of snapshots.</p></li> <li><p><strong>Response</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>snapshots</td> <td>repeated <a href="#snapshot">Snapshot</a></td> <td>List of local state snapshots.</td> <td>1</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Used during state sync to discover available snapshots on peers.</li> <li>See <code>Snapshot</code> data type for details.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="loadsnapshotchunk"><a href="#loadsnapshotchunk" class="header-anchor">#</a> LoadSnapshotChunk</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Request</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>height</td> <td>uint64</td> <td>The height of the snapshot the chunks belongs to.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>format</td> <td>uint32</td> <td>The application-specific format of the snapshot the chunk belongs to.</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>chunk</td> <td>uint32</td> <td>The chunk index, starting from <code>0</code> for the initial chunk.</td> <td>3</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Response</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>chunk</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>The binary chunk contents, in an arbitray format. Chunk messages cannot be larger than 16 MB <em>including metadata</em>, so 10 MB is a good starting point.</td> <td>1</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Used during state sync to retrieve snapshot chunks from peers.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="offersnapshot"><a href="#offersnapshot" class="header-anchor">#</a> OfferSnapshot</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Request</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>snapshot</td> <td><a href="#snapshot">Snapshot</a></td> <td>The snapshot offered for restoration.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>app_hash</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>The light client-verified app hash for this height, from the blockchain.</td> <td>2</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Response</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>result</td> <td><a href="#result">Result</a></td> <td>The result of the snapshot offer.</td> <td>1</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <h4 id="result"><a href="#result" class="header-anchor">#</a> Result</h4> <span class="codeblock" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="container codeblock__hasfooter__false codeblock__is-expandable__false codeblock__expanded__false" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__container" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__block" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="icons" data-v-1eda75b2><!----> <span class="icons__item" data-v-1eda75b2><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icons__item__icon" data-v-1eda75b2><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11 0.25C10.0335 0.25 9.25 1.0335 9.25 2V4.5H10.75V2C10.75 1.86193 10.8619 1.75 11 1.75H21C21.1381 1.75 21.25 1.86193 21.25 2V16C21.25 16.1381 21.1381 16.25 21 16.25H16.5V17.75H21C21.9665 17.75 22.75 16.9665 22.75 16V2C22.75 1.0335 21.9665 0.25 21 0.25H11ZM3 6.25C2.0335 6.25 1.25 7.0335 1.25 8V22C1.25 22.9665 2.0335 23.75 3 23.75H13C13.9665 23.75 14.75 22.9665 14.75 22V8C14.75 7.0335 13.9665 6.25 13 6.25H3ZM2.75 8C2.75 7.86193 2.86193 7.75 3 7.75H13C13.1381 7.75 13.25 7.86193 13.25 8V22C13.25 22.1381 13.1381 22.25 13 22.25H3C2.86193 22.25 2.75 22.1381 2.75 22V8Z" data-v-1eda75b2></path></svg> <span class="icons__item__tooltip" data-v-1eda75b2>
Copy
</span></span></span> <span class="body" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__wrapper" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__code" data-v-1eda75b2> enum Result {
UNKNOWN = 0; // Unknown result, abort all snapshot restoration
ACCEPT = 1; // Snapshot is accepted, start applying chunks.
ABORT = 2; // Abort snapshot restoration, and don't try any other snapshots.
REJECT = 3; // Reject this specific snapshot, try others.
REJECT_FORMAT = 4; // Reject all snapshots with this `format`, try others.
REJECT_SENDER = 5; // Reject all snapshots from all senders of this snapshot, try others.
}
</span></span></span></span> <!----></span> <!----></span></span> <ul><li><strong>Usage</strong>:
<ul><li><code>OfferSnapshot</code> is called when bootstrapping a node using state sync. The application may
accept or reject snapshots as appropriate. Upon accepting, Tendermint will retrieve and
apply snapshot chunks via <code>ApplySnapshotChunk</code>. The application may also choose to reject a
snapshot in the chunk response, in which case it should be prepared to accept further
<code>OfferSnapshot</code> calls.</li> <li>Only <code>AppHash</code> can be trusted, as it has been verified by the light client. Any other data
can be spoofed by adversaries, so applications should employ additional verification schemes
to avoid denial-of-service attacks. The verified <code>AppHash</code> is automatically checked against
the restored application at the end of snapshot restoration.</li> <li>For more information, see the <code>Snapshot</code> data type or the <a href="/master/spec/p2p/messages/state-sync.html">state sync section</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="applysnapshotchunk"><a href="#applysnapshotchunk" class="header-anchor">#</a> ApplySnapshotChunk</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Request</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>index</td> <td>uint32</td> <td>The chunk index, starting from <code>0</code>. Tendermint applies chunks sequentially.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>chunk</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>The binary chunk contents, as returned by <code>LoadSnapshotChunk</code>.</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>sender</td> <td>string</td> <td>The P2P ID of the node who sent this chunk.</td> <td>3</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Response</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>result</td> <td>Result (see below)</td> <td>The result of applying this chunk.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>refetch_chunks</td> <td>repeated uint32</td> <td>Refetch and reapply the given chunks, regardless of <code>result</code>. Only the listed chunks will be refetched, and reapplied in sequential order.</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>reject_senders</td> <td>repeated string</td> <td>Reject the given P2P senders, regardless of <code>Result</code>. Any chunks already applied will not be refetched unless explicitly requested, but queued chunks from these senders will be discarded, and new chunks or other snapshots rejected.</td> <td>3</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <span class="codeblock" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="container codeblock__hasfooter__false codeblock__is-expandable__false codeblock__expanded__false" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__container" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__block" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="icons" data-v-1eda75b2><!----> <span class="icons__item" data-v-1eda75b2><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icons__item__icon" data-v-1eda75b2><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11 0.25C10.0335 0.25 9.25 1.0335 9.25 2V4.5H10.75V2C10.75 1.86193 10.8619 1.75 11 1.75H21C21.1381 1.75 21.25 1.86193 21.25 2V16C21.25 16.1381 21.1381 16.25 21 16.25H16.5V17.75H21C21.9665 17.75 22.75 16.9665 22.75 16V2C22.75 1.0335 21.9665 0.25 21 0.25H11ZM3 6.25C2.0335 6.25 1.25 7.0335 1.25 8V22C1.25 22.9665 2.0335 23.75 3 23.75H13C13.9665 23.75 14.75 22.9665 14.75 22V8C14.75 7.0335 13.9665 6.25 13 6.25H3ZM2.75 8C2.75 7.86193 2.86193 7.75 3 7.75H13C13.1381 7.75 13.25 7.86193 13.25 8V22C13.25 22.1381 13.1381 22.25 13 22.25H3C2.86193 22.25 2.75 22.1381 2.75 22V8Z" data-v-1eda75b2></path></svg> <span class="icons__item__tooltip" data-v-1eda75b2>
Copy
</span></span></span> <span class="body" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__wrapper" data-v-1eda75b2><span class="body__code" data-v-1eda75b2> enum Result {
UNKNOWN = 0; // Unknown result, abort all snapshot restoration
ACCEPT = 1; // The chunk was accepted.
ABORT = 2; // Abort snapshot restoration, and don't try any other snapshots.
RETRY = 3; // Reapply this chunk, combine with `RefetchChunks` and `RejectSenders` as appropriate.
RETRY_SNAPSHOT = 4; // Restart this snapshot from `OfferSnapshot`, reusing chunks unless instructed otherwise.
REJECT_SNAPSHOT = 5; // Reject this snapshot, try a different one.
}
</span></span></span></span> <!----></span> <!----></span></span> <ul><li><strong>Usage</strong>:
<ul><li>The application can choose to refetch chunks and/or ban P2P peers as appropriate. Tendermint
will not do this unless instructed by the application.</li> <li>The application may want to verify each chunk, e.g. by attaching chunk hashes in
<code>Snapshot.Metadata</code> and/or incrementally verifying contents against <code>AppHash</code>.</li> <li>When all chunks have been accepted, Tendermint will make an ABCI <code>Info</code> call to verify that
<code>LastBlockAppHash</code> and <code>LastBlockHeight</code> matches the expected values, and record the
<code>AppVersion</code> in the node state. It then switches to fast sync or consensus and joins the
network.</li> <li>If Tendermint is unable to retrieve the next chunk after some time (e.g. because no suitable
peers are available), it will reject the snapshot and try a different one via <code>OfferSnapshot</code>.
The application should be prepared to reset and accept it or abort as appropriate.</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="data-types"><a href="#data-types" class="header-anchor">#</a> Data Types</h2> <p>Most of the data structures used in ABCI are shared <a href="/master/spec/core/data_structures.html">common data structures</a>. In certain cases, ABCI uses different data structures which are documented here:</p> <h3 id="validator"><a href="#validator" class="header-anchor">#</a> Validator</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Fields</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>address</td> <td>bytes</td> <td><a href="/master/spec/core/data_structures.html#address">Address</a> of validator</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>power</td> <td>int64</td> <td>Voting power of the validator</td> <td>3</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Validator identified by address</li> <li>Used in RequestBeginBlock as part of VoteInfo</li> <li>Does not include PubKey to avoid sending potentially large quantum pubkeys
over the ABCI</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="validatorupdate"><a href="#validatorupdate" class="header-anchor">#</a> ValidatorUpdate</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Fields</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>pub_key</td> <td><a href="/master/spec/core/data_structures.html#pub_key">Public Key</a></td> <td>Public key of the validator</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>power</td> <td>int64</td> <td>Voting power of the validator</td> <td>2</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Validator identified by PubKey</li> <li>Used to tell Tendermint to update the validator set</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="voteinfo"><a href="#voteinfo" class="header-anchor">#</a> VoteInfo</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Fields</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>validator</td> <td><a href="#validator">Validator</a></td> <td>A validator</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>signed_last_block</td> <td>bool</td> <td>Indicates whether or not the validator signed the last block</td> <td>2</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Indicates whether a validator signed the last block, allowing for rewards
based on validator availability</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="evidence"><a href="#evidence" class="header-anchor">#</a> Evidence</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Fields</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>type</td> <td><a href="#evidencetype">EvidenceType</a></td> <td>Type of the evidence. An enum of possible evidence's.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>validator</td> <td><a href="#validator">Validator</a></td> <td>The offending validator</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>height</td> <td>int64</td> <td>Height when the offense occurred</td> <td>3</td></tr> <tr><td>time</td> <td><a href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/google.protobuf#google.protobuf.Timestamp" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">google.protobuf.Timestamp<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></td> <td>Time of the block that was committed at the height that the offense occurred</td> <td>4</td></tr> <tr><td>total_voting_power</td> <td>int64</td> <td>Total voting power of the validator set at height <code>Height</code></td> <td>5</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <h4 id="evidencetype-2"><a href="#evidencetype-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> EvidenceType</h4> <ul><li><p><strong>Fields</strong></p> <p>EvidenceType is an enum with the listed fields:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>UNKNOWN</td> <td>0</td></tr> <tr><td>DUPLICATE_VOTE</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>LIGHT_CLIENT_ATTACK</td> <td>2</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <h3 id="lastcommitinfo"><a href="#lastcommitinfo" class="header-anchor">#</a> LastCommitInfo</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Fields</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>round</td> <td>int32</td> <td>Commit round. Reflects the total amount of rounds it took to come to consensus for the current block.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>votes</td> <td>repeated <a href="#voteinfo">VoteInfo</a></td> <td>List of validators addresses in the last validator set with their voting power and whether or not they signed a vote.</td> <td>2</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <h3 id="consensusparams"><a href="#consensusparams" class="header-anchor">#</a> ConsensusParams</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Fields</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>block</td> <td><a href="/master/spec/core/data_structures.html#blockparams">BlockParams</a></td> <td>Parameters limiting the size of a block and time between consecutive blocks.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>evidence</td> <td><a href="/master/spec/core/data_structures.html#evidenceparams">EvidenceParams</a></td> <td>Parameters limiting the validity of evidence of byzantine behaviour.</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>validator</td> <td><a href="/master/spec/core/data_structures.html#validatorparams">ValidatorParams</a></td> <td>Parameters limiting the types of public keys validators can use.</td> <td>3</td></tr> <tr><td>version</td> <td><a href="/master/spec/core/data_structures.html#versionparams">VersionsParams</a></td> <td>The ABCI application version.</td> <td>4</td></tr> <tr><td>synchrony</td> <td><a href="/master/spec/core/data_structures.html#synchronyparams">SynchronyParams</a></td> <td>Parameters that determine the bounds under which a proposed block's timestamp is considered valid.</td> <td>5</td></tr> <tr><td>timeout</td> <td><a href="/master/spec/core/data_structures.html#timeoutparams">TimeoutParams</a></td> <td>Parameters that configure the timeouts for the steps of the Tendermint consensus algorithm.</td> <td>6</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <h3 id="proofops"><a href="#proofops" class="header-anchor">#</a> ProofOps</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Fields</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>ops</td> <td>repeated <a href="#proofop">ProofOp</a></td> <td>List of chained Merkle proofs, of possibly different types. The Merkle root of one op is the value being proven in the next op. The Merkle root of the final op should equal the ultimate root hash being verified against..</td> <td>1</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <h3 id="proofop"><a href="#proofop" class="header-anchor">#</a> ProofOp</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Fields</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>type</td> <td>string</td> <td>Type of Merkle proof and how it's encoded.</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>key</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>Key in the Merkle tree that this proof is for.</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>data</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>Encoded Merkle proof for the key.</td> <td>3</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <h3 id="snapshot"><a href="#snapshot" class="header-anchor">#</a> Snapshot</h3> <ul><li><p><strong>Fields</strong>:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field Number</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>height</td> <td>uint64</td> <td>The height at which the snapshot was taken (after commit).</td> <td>1</td></tr> <tr><td>format</td> <td>uint32</td> <td>An application-specific snapshot format, allowing applications to version their snapshot data format and make backwards-incompatible changes. Tendermint does not interpret this.</td> <td>2</td></tr> <tr><td>chunks</td> <td>uint32</td> <td>The number of chunks in the snapshot. Must be at least 1 (even if empty).</td> <td>3</td></tr> <tr><td>hash</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>TAn arbitrary snapshot hash. Must be equal only for identical snapshots across nodes. Tendermint does not interpret the hash, it only compares them.</td> <td>3</td></tr> <tr><td>metadata</td> <td>bytes</td> <td>Arbitrary application metadata, for example chunk hashes or other verification data.</td> <td>3</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>:</p> <ul><li>Used for state sync snapshots, see the <a href="/master/spec/p2p/messages/state-sync.html">state sync section</a> for details.</li> <li>A snapshot is considered identical across nodes only if <em>all</em> fields are equal (including
<code>Metadata</code>). 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