versitygw/embedgw/iam.go

// Copyright 2026 Versity Software
// This file is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
// (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

package embedgw

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync/atomic"

	"github.com/versity/versitygw/debuglogger"
	"github.com/versity/versitygw/iamapi"
	"github.com/versity/versitygw/iamapi/private"
	"github.com/versity/versitygw/iamapi/storage"
	"github.com/versity/versitygw/internal/netutil"
	"github.com/versity/versitygw/webui"
)

const iamTitle = "VersityGW IAM API"

// IAMConfig holds all configuration options for running the VersityGW IAM API.
type IAMConfig struct {
	// RootUserAccess is the access key ID used to authenticate IAM API
	// requests. Required.
	RootUserAccess string
	// RootUserSecret is the secret access key used to authenticate IAM API
	// requests. Required.
	RootUserSecret string

	// Ports is the list of IAM API listening addresses. Each entry accepts
	// the same formats as Config.Ports: "host:port", ":port", file-backed
	// UNIX socket paths, or Linux abstract namespace sockets prefixed with
	// "@". Required.
	Ports []string

	// MaxConnections is the maximum number of concurrent TCP connections
	// accepted by the IAM API server.
	MaxConnections int
	// MaxRequests is the maximum number of concurrent in-flight IAM API
	// requests. Should not exceed MaxConnections.
	MaxRequests int

	// CertFile is the path to the TLS certificate file for the IAM API server.
	// Both CertFile and KeyFile must be provided together to enable TLS.
	CertFile string
	// KeyFile is the path to the TLS private key file for the IAM API server.
	KeyFile string

	// LogLevel controls the debug logger: LevelSilent (default) prints
	// nothing, LevelDebug prints full request/response details with
	// secrets and tokens masked, and LevelUnsafe prints them unmasked.
	// Never use LevelUnsafe in production.
	LogLevel debuglogger.Level
	// Quiet suppresses per-request summary logging and startup output.
	Quiet bool
	// KeepAlive enables HTTP keep-alive on IAM API connections.
	KeepAlive bool

	// HealthPath is the URL path for unauthenticated health-check requests
	// (e.g. "/healthz"). The endpoint returns HTTP 200 for GET requests.
	HealthPath string

	// SocketPerm is the octal file-mode string for file-backed UNIX domain
	// socket permissions. It has no effect on TCP/IP addresses or Linux
	// abstract namespace sockets.
	SocketPerm string

	// PrivatePorts is the list of listening addresses for the standalone
	// IAM service's private endpoints (derive-signing-key, evaluate-policy, resolve-identity)
	// — see private.PrivateAPI. Each address must be a unix socket, or a TCP
	// address with PrivateCertFile/PrivateKeyFile/PrivateClientCAFile all
	// set (mTLS with mandatory client-certificate verification); anything
	// else fails startup rather than serving these endpoints in the clear.
	// Empty disables the private endpoints entirely.
	PrivatePorts []string
	// PrivateCertFile/PrivateKeyFile are the private listener's own TLS
	// server certificate, distinct from CertFile/KeyFile (the public
	// control-plane listener's certificate) since the two listeners have
	// different security requirements.
	PrivateCertFile string
	PrivateKeyFile  string
	// PrivateClientCAFile verifies the S3 gateway's client certificate on
	// the private listener. Required, together with PrivateCertFile/
	// PrivateKeyFile, for any non-unix-socket PrivatePorts address.
	PrivateClientCAFile string
	// PrivateSocketPerm is the octal file-mode string for a file-backed
	// unix-socket PrivatePorts address.
	PrivateSocketPerm string

	// IAMDir enables local file-backed IAM API storage. Set to the directory
	// path where the IAM API user database is stored.
	IAMDir string

	// VaultEndpointURL enables Vault-backed IAM API storage.
	VaultEndpointURL string
	// VaultNamespace is the fallback Vault namespace used when the specific
	// auth or secret-storage namespace is not set.
	VaultNamespace string
	// VaultSecretStoragePath is the KV v2 path prefix under which IAM users
	// are stored (defaults to "iam").
	VaultSecretStoragePath string
	// VaultSecretStorageNamespace overrides VaultNamespace for KV operations.
	VaultSecretStorageNamespace string
	// VaultAuthMethod is the AppRole mount path (defaults to "approle").
	VaultAuthMethod string
	// VaultAuthNamespace overrides VaultNamespace for AppRole login.
	VaultAuthNamespace string
	// VaultMountPath is the KV v2 engine mount path (defaults to "kv-v2").
	VaultMountPath string
	// VaultRootToken authenticates with a root token instead of AppRole.
	VaultRootToken string
	// VaultRoleID is the AppRole role ID.
	VaultRoleID string
	// VaultRoleSecret is the AppRole secret ID.
	VaultRoleSecret string
	// VaultServerCert is the PEM-encoded Vault server TLS certificate for
	// verification.
	VaultServerCert string
	// VaultClientCert is the PEM-encoded client TLS certificate presented to
	// Vault.
	VaultClientCert string
	// VaultClientCertKey is the PEM-encoded private key for VaultClientCert.
	VaultClientCertKey string

	// CORSAllowOrigin is the Access-Control-Allow-Origin value the IAM API
	// returns to browsers, and the switch that enables preflight handling.
	// No browser can reach this API without it, so leaving it empty while
	// WebuiPorts is set logs a warning and falls back to "*".
	CORSAllowOrigin string

	// The Webui* fields host the WebUI from the IAM service process, for
	// deployments with no S3 gateway behind it. They mirror Config's Webui*
	// fields, except that here the IAM gateway URLs are the auto-detected
	// ones (from Ports) and the S3/admin URLs can only come from a flag.
	//
	// WebuiPorts is the list of listening addresses for the WebUI server.
	// Empty disables the WebUI entirely.
	WebuiPorts []string
	// WebuiCertFile/WebuiKeyFile are the WebUI server's TLS certificate. When
	// both are empty and WebuiNoTLS is not set, the WebUI inherits
	// CertFile/KeyFile.
	WebuiCertFile string
	WebuiKeyFile  string
	// WebuiNoTLS forces the WebUI to plain HTTP even when TLS is configured
	// for the IAM API.
	WebuiNoTLS bool
	// WebuiPathPrefix mounts the WebUI under a single-segment path prefix
	// (e.g. "/ui").
	WebuiPathPrefix string
	// WebuiIAMGateways overrides the IAM service URLs auto-detected from
	// Ports, for when the browser reaches the IAM API through a name this
	// process cannot see, such as an ingress hostname.
	WebuiIAMGateways []string
	// WebuiGateways and WebuiAdminGateways are the S3 and admin gateway URLs
	// offered on the login page. Neither is auto-detected here, so leaving
	// both empty produces an IAM-only dashboard.
	WebuiGateways      []string
	WebuiAdminGateways []string
	// Region seeds the WebUI's default region selector. IAM's own signing
	// region is fixed, so this only matters when WebuiGateways points the
	// dashboard at an S3 gateway as well.
	Region string

	// SigHup is an optional channel that signals the IAM API to reload TLS
	// certificates. When nil, this feature is disabled.
	SigHup <-chan struct{}

	// Version, Build, and BuildTime are displayed in the startup banner.
	// All three are optional.
	Version   string
	Build     string
	BuildTime string

	// DisableOIDCThumbprintAutoFetch disables CreateOpenIDConnectProvider's
	// TLS auto-fetch fallback for when ThumbprintList is omitted. When set,
	// an omitted ThumbprintList is rejected instead of the IAM API making an
	// outbound TLS connection to the caller-supplied URL — for restricted
	// or air-gapped deployments.
	DisableOIDCThumbprintAutoFetch bool

	// OIDCAllowPrivateEndpoints permits OIDC provider URLs that resolve to
	// loopback/private/link-local addresses and that carry an explicit port,
	// both refused by default. Required to use an IdP that exists only on an
	// internal network, such as a SPIFFE/SPIRE OIDC discovery provider on a
	// cluster-internal Service. Transport stays https and fully verified.
	OIDCAllowPrivateEndpoints bool

	// OIDCAllowInsecureTransport permits plaintext http OIDC provider URLs
	// and drops TLS certificate verification (ThumbprintList pinning
	// included) for https ones, leaving the network path as the only thing
	// authenticating the IdP. For an IdP reachable only over a path that is
	// itself trusted, such as a discovery provider bound to loopback as a
	// sidecar in this process's own pod.
	OIDCAllowInsecureTransport bool
}

// privateAPIServer is the standalone IAM service's private endpoint set
// together with everything RunIAMAPI needs to serve and maintain it: the
// TLS options ServeMultiPort will enforce, and the cert storage backing
// them so a SIGHUP can swap in a rotated certificate.
type privateAPIServer struct {
	api         *private.PrivateAPI
	tlsOpts     netutil.TLSOptions
	certStorage *netutil.CertStorage
}

// newPrivateAPI builds the standalone IAM service's private endpoint set
// and the TLS options ServeMultiPort will enforce (mTLS, or nothing at all
// for a unix-socket-only deployment — see netutil.RequireSecureTransport).
func newPrivateAPI(store storage.Storer, cfg *IAMConfig) (*privateAPIServer, error) {
	allSet := cfg.PrivateCertFile != "" && cfg.PrivateKeyFile != "" && cfg.PrivateClientCAFile != ""
	noneSet := cfg.PrivateCertFile == "" && cfg.PrivateKeyFile == "" && cfg.PrivateClientCAFile == ""
	if !allSet && !noneSet {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("--private-cert, --private-cert-key, and --private-client-ca must all be set together, or all left empty for a unix-socket-only private listener")
	}

	var tlsOpts netutil.TLSOptions
	var certStorage *netutil.CertStorage
	if allSet {
		certStorage = netutil.NewCertStorage()
		if err := certStorage.SetCertificate(cfg.PrivateCertFile, cfg.PrivateKeyFile); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("private listener: load certs: %w", err)
		}
		pool, err := netutil.LoadCACertPool(cfg.PrivateClientCAFile)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("private listener: %w", err)
		}
		tlsOpts = netutil.TLSOptions{
			GetCertificate:    certStorage.GetCertificate,
			ClientCAs:         pool,
			RequireClientCert: true,
		}
	}

	var privOpts []private.PrivateAPIOption
	if cfg.PrivateSocketPerm != "" {
		perm, err := strconv.ParseUint(cfg.PrivateSocketPerm, 8, 32)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid PrivateSocketPerm value %q: must be an octal integer (e.g. '0660'): %w", cfg.PrivateSocketPerm, err)
		}
		privOpts = append(privOpts, private.WithPrivateSocketPerm(os.FileMode(perm)))
	}
	if cfg.Quiet {
		privOpts = append(privOpts, private.WithPrivateQuiet())
	}
	if cfg.Version != "" {
		privOpts = append(privOpts, private.WithPrivateServerVersion(cfg.Version))
	}

	p, err := private.New(store, iamapi.RootCredentials{
		Access: cfg.RootUserAccess,
		Secret: cfg.RootUserSecret,
	}, privOpts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("init private IAM API: %w", err)
	}

	return &privateAPIServer{api: p, tlsOpts: tlsOpts, certStorage: certStorage}, nil
}

// iamWebUIGateways resolves the IAM service URLs the WebUI login page offers.
// This process is the IAM service, so its own listening addresses are the
// auto-detected answer unless the operator overrode them.
func iamWebUIGateways(cfg *IAMConfig) ([]string, error) {
	if len(cfg.WebuiIAMGateways) > 0 {
		return validateGatewayURLs(cfg.WebuiIAMGateways, "WebuiIAMGateways")
	}

	var gateways []string
	for _, p := range cfg.Ports {
		urls, err := buildServiceURLs(p, cfg.CertFile != "")
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("webui: build IAM gateway URLs: %w", err)
		}
		gateways = append(gateways, urls...)
	}
	sortGatewayURLs(gateways)
	return gateways, nil
}

// newIAMWebUI builds the WebUI server hosted by the IAM service process. It
// returns nil when no WebuiPorts are configured.
func newIAMWebUI(cfg *IAMConfig) (*webui.Server, error) {
	if len(cfg.WebuiPorts) == 0 {
		return nil, nil
	}

	if err := validateWebUIPathPrefix("WebuiPathPrefix", cfg.WebuiPathPrefix); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	iamGateways, err := iamWebUIGateways(cfg)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	gateways, err := validateGatewayURLs(cfg.WebuiGateways, "WebuiGateways")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	adminGateways, err := validateGatewayURLs(cfg.WebuiAdminGateways, "WebuiAdminGateways")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var webOpts []webui.Option
	if !cfg.WebuiNoTLS {
		webTLSCert, webTLSKey := cfg.WebuiCertFile, cfg.WebuiKeyFile
		if webTLSCert == "" && webTLSKey == "" {
			webTLSCert, webTLSKey = cfg.CertFile, cfg.KeyFile
		}
		if webTLSCert != "" || webTLSKey != "" {
			if webTLSCert == "" {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("webui TLS key specified without cert file")
			}
			if webTLSKey == "" {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("webui TLS cert specified without key file")
			}
			cs := netutil.NewCertStorage()
			if err := cs.SetCertificate(webTLSCert, webTLSKey); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("tls: load certs: %v", err)
			}
			webOpts = append(webOpts, webui.WithTLS(cs))
		}
	}
	if cfg.Quiet {
		webOpts = append(webOpts, webui.WithQuiet())
	}
	if cfg.WebuiPathPrefix != "" {
		webOpts = append(webOpts, webui.WithPathPrefix(cfg.WebuiPathPrefix))
	}
	if cfg.SocketPerm != "" {
		perm, err := strconv.ParseUint(cfg.SocketPerm, 8, 32)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid SocketPerm value %q: must be an octal integer (e.g. '0660'): %w", cfg.SocketPerm, err)
		}
		webOpts = append(webOpts, webui.WithSocketPerm(os.FileMode(perm)))
	}

	return webui.NewServer(&webui.ServerConfig{
		Gateways:      gateways,
		AdminGateways: adminGateways,
		IAMGateways:   iamGateways,
		Region:        cfg.Region,
	}, webOpts...)
}

var iamAPIRunning atomic.Bool

// RunIAMAPI starts the VersityGW IAM API with the supplied configuration. It
// blocks until ctx is cancelled, or an error occurs. The server is gracefully
// shut down before the function returns.
//
// Only one IAM API instance may run per process at a time. Calling RunIAMAPI
// concurrently or a second time before the first call returns will return an
// error.
func RunIAMAPI(ctx context.Context, cfg *IAMConfig) error {
	if cfg == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("iam config is required")
	}
	if !iamAPIRunning.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
		return fmt.Errorf("embedgw: RunIAMAPI is already running; only one instance per process is supported")
	}
	defer iamAPIRunning.Store(false)

	if cfg.MaxConnections < 1 {
		return fmt.Errorf("max-connections must be positive")
	}
	if cfg.MaxRequests < 1 {
		return fmt.Errorf("max-requests must be positive")
	}
	if cfg.MaxRequests > cfg.MaxConnections {
		log.Printf("WARNING: max-requests (%d) exceeds max-connections (%d) which could allow for IAM API to panic before throttling requests",
			cfg.MaxRequests, cfg.MaxConnections)
	}
	if len(cfg.Ports) == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("no ports specified")
	}
	if cfg.RootUserAccess == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("root access key is required for IAM API authentication")
	}
	if cfg.RootUserSecret == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("root secret key is required for IAM API authentication")
	}

	store, err := storage.New(storage.Config{
		Dir: cfg.IAMDir,
		Vault: storage.VaultConfig{
			EndpointURL:            cfg.VaultEndpointURL,
			Namespace:              cfg.VaultNamespace,
			SecretStoragePath:      cfg.VaultSecretStoragePath,
			SecretStorageNamespace: cfg.VaultSecretStorageNamespace,
			AuthMethod:             cfg.VaultAuthMethod,
			AuthNamespace:          cfg.VaultAuthNamespace,
			MountPath:              cfg.VaultMountPath,
			RootToken:              cfg.VaultRootToken,
			RoleID:                 cfg.VaultRoleID,
			RoleSecret:             cfg.VaultRoleSecret,
			ServerCert:             cfg.VaultServerCert,
			ClientCert:             cfg.VaultClientCert,
			ClientCertKey:          cfg.VaultClientCertKey,
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	opts := []iamapi.Option{
		iamapi.WithConcurrencyLimiter(cfg.MaxConnections, cfg.MaxRequests),
	}
	if cfg.HealthPath != "" {
		opts = append(opts, iamapi.WithHealth(cfg.HealthPath))
	}
	if cfg.KeepAlive {
		opts = append(opts, iamapi.WithKeepAlive())
	}
	if cfg.Quiet {
		opts = append(opts, iamapi.WithQuiet())
	}
	if cfg.DisableOIDCThumbprintAutoFetch {
		opts = append(opts, iamapi.WithOIDCThumbprintAutoFetchDisabled())
	}
	if cfg.OIDCAllowPrivateEndpoints {
		opts = append(opts, iamapi.WithOIDCAllowPrivateEndpoints())
	}
	if cfg.OIDCAllowInsecureTransport {
		opts = append(opts, iamapi.WithOIDCAllowInsecureTransport())
	}
	corsAllowOrigin := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.CORSAllowOrigin)
	if len(cfg.WebuiPorts) > 0 && corsAllowOrigin == "" {
		// Every WebUI call to this API is cross-origin, so without an allowed
		// origin the dashboard this process serves cannot talk to it at all.
		corsAllowOrigin = "*"
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WARNING: WebuiPorts is set but CORSAllowOrigin is not; defaulting to '*'; consider setting it to the WebUI's own origin\n")
	}
	if corsAllowOrigin != "" {
		opts = append(opts, iamapi.WithCORSAllowOrigin(corsAllowOrigin))
	}
	debuglogger.SetLevel(cfg.LogLevel)
	if cfg.SocketPerm != "" {
		perm, err := strconv.ParseUint(cfg.SocketPerm, 8, 32)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("invalid SocketPerm value %q: must be an octal integer (e.g. '0660'): %w", cfg.SocketPerm, err)
		}
		opts = append(opts, iamapi.WithSocketPerm(os.FileMode(perm)))
	}
	if cfg.CertFile != "" || cfg.KeyFile != "" {
		if cfg.CertFile == "" {
			return fmt.Errorf("TLS key specified without cert file")
		}
		if cfg.KeyFile == "" {
			return fmt.Errorf("TLS cert specified without key file")
		}
		cs := iamapi.NewCertStorage()
		if err := cs.SetCertificate(cfg.CertFile, cfg.KeyFile); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("tls: load certs: %v", err)
		}
		opts = append(opts, iamapi.WithTLS(cs))
	}

	server, err := iamapi.New(store, iamapi.RootCredentials{
		Access: cfg.RootUserAccess,
		Secret: cfg.RootUserSecret,
	}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("init IAM API server: %w", err)
	}

	var privateAPI *privateAPIServer
	if len(cfg.PrivatePorts) > 0 {
		privateAPI, err = newPrivateAPI(store, cfg)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	webSrv, err := newIAMWebUI(cfg)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("init webui: %w", err)
	}

	if !cfg.Quiet {
		cfg.printBanner()
	}

	errCh := make(chan error, 3)
	go func() {
		errCh <- server.ServeMultiPort(cfg.Ports)
	}()

	if privateAPI != nil {
		go func() {
			errCh <- privateAPI.api.ServeMultiPort(cfg.PrivatePorts, privateAPI.tlsOpts)
		}()
	}

	if webSrv != nil {
		go func() {
			errCh <- webSrv.ServeMultiPort(cfg.WebuiPorts)
		}()
	}

	var sigHup <-chan struct{}
	if cfg.SigHup != nil {
		sigHup = cfg.SigHup
	} else {
		sigHup = make(chan struct{})
	}

Loop:
	for {
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			break Loop
		case err = <-errCh:
			break Loop
		case <-sigHup:
			if cfg.CertFile != "" && cfg.KeyFile != "" && server.CertStorage != nil {
				reloadErr := server.CertStorage.SetCertificate(cfg.CertFile, cfg.KeyFile)
				if reloadErr != nil {
					debuglogger.InternalError(fmt.Errorf("iam api cert reload failed: %w", reloadErr))
				} else {
					fmt.Printf("iam api cert reloaded (cert: %s, key: %s)\n", cfg.CertFile, cfg.KeyFile)
				}
			}
			// the private listener has its own certificate, so it needs
			// its own reload: without this, new gateway-to-IAM TLS
			// connections would keep getting the pre-rotation cert until
			// the IAM service restarts.
			if privateAPI != nil && privateAPI.certStorage != nil {
				reloadErr := privateAPI.certStorage.SetCertificate(cfg.PrivateCertFile, cfg.PrivateKeyFile)
				if reloadErr != nil {
					debuglogger.InternalError(fmt.Errorf("private iam api cert reload failed: %w", reloadErr))
				} else {
					fmt.Printf("private iam api cert reloaded (cert: %s, key: %s)\n", cfg.PrivateCertFile, cfg.PrivateKeyFile)
				}
			}
		}
	}
	saveErr := err

	if err := server.Shutdown(); err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "shutdown IAM API server: %v\n", err)
	}
	if privateAPI != nil {
		if err := privateAPI.api.Shutdown(); err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "shutdown private IAM API server: %v\n", err)
		}
	}
	if webSrv != nil {
		if err := webSrv.Shutdown(); err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "shutdown webui server: %v\n", err)
		}
	}

	return saveErr
}

func (cfg IAMConfig) printBanner() {
	if len(cfg.Ports) == 0 {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "No ports specified\n")
		return
	}

	allInterfaces, allPorts := resolveIAMBannerInterfaces(cfg.Ports)
	if len(allInterfaces) == 0 {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to resolve any listening addresses\n")
		return
	}

	versionStr := fmt.Sprintf("Version %v, Build %v", cfg.Version, cfg.Build)
	if cfg.BuildTime != "" {
		versionStr += fmt.Sprintf(", BuildTime %v", cfg.BuildTime)
	}

	lines := []string{
		centerText(iamTitle),
		centerText(versionStr),
		centerText(formatIAMBannerBoundHost(cfg.Ports, allPorts)),
		centerText(""),
		leftText("IAM API service listening on:"),
	}

	for _, u := range buildIAMBannerURLs(allInterfaces, cfg.CertFile != "" || cfg.KeyFile != "") {
		lines = append(lines, leftText("  "+u))
	}

	if len(cfg.PrivatePorts) > 0 {
		privateInterfaces, _ := resolveIAMBannerInterfaces(cfg.PrivatePorts)
		if len(privateInterfaces) > 0 {
			lines = append(lines, centerText(""), leftText("IAM private service listening on:"))
			for _, u := range buildIAMBannerURLs(privateInterfaces, cfg.PrivateCertFile != "" || cfg.PrivateKeyFile != "") {
				lines = append(lines, leftText("  "+u))
			}
		}
	}

	if len(cfg.WebuiPorts) > 0 {
		webuiInterfaces, _ := resolveIAMBannerInterfaces(cfg.WebuiPorts)
		if len(webuiInterfaces) > 0 {
			webuiTLS := !cfg.WebuiNoTLS &&
				(cfg.WebuiCertFile != "" || cfg.WebuiKeyFile != "" || cfg.CertFile != "" || cfg.KeyFile != "")
			lines = append(lines, centerText(""), leftText("Web dashboard listening on:"))
			for _, u := range buildIAMBannerURLs(webuiInterfaces, webuiTLS) {
				lines = append(lines, leftText("  "+u+cfg.WebuiPathPrefix))
			}
		}
	}

	fmt.Println("┌" + strings.Repeat("─", columnWidth-2) + "┐")
	for _, line := range lines {
		fmt.Printf("│%-*s│\n", columnWidth-2, line)
	}
	fmt.Println("└" + strings.Repeat("─", columnWidth-2) + "┘")
}

func resolveIAMBannerInterfaces(ports []string) ([]string, []string) {
	var allInterfaces []string
	var allPorts []string
	interfaceMap := make(map[string]bool)

	for _, portSpec := range ports {
		if netutil.IsUnixSocketPath(portSpec) {
			allPorts = append(allPorts, portSpec)
			if !interfaceMap[portSpec] {
				interfaceMap[portSpec] = true
				allInterfaces = append(allInterfaces, portSpec)
			}
			continue
		}

		interfaces, err := getMatchingIPs(portSpec)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to match local IP addresses for %s: %v\n", portSpec, err)
			continue
		}
		_, prt, err := net.SplitHostPort(portSpec)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to parse port %s: %v\n", portSpec, err)
			continue
		}
		allPorts = append(allPorts, prt)

		for _, ip := range interfaces {
			key := net.JoinHostPort(ip, prt)
			if !interfaceMap[key] {
				interfaceMap[key] = true
				allInterfaces = append(allInterfaces, key)
			}
		}
	}

	return allInterfaces, allPorts
}

func formatIAMBannerBoundHost(ports, allPorts []string) string {
	if len(ports) == 1 {
		if netutil.IsUnixSocketPath(ports[0]) {
			return fmt.Sprintf("(unix socket: %s)", ports[0])
		}
		hst, prt, _ := net.SplitHostPort(ports[0])
		if hst == "" {
			hst = "0.0.0.0"
		}
		return fmt.Sprintf("(bound on host %s and port %s)", hst, prt)
	}

	return fmt.Sprintf("(bound on ports: %s)", strings.Join(allPorts, ", "))
}

func buildIAMBannerURLs(interfaces []string, tls bool) []string {
	var urls []string
	scheme := "http"
	if tls {
		scheme = "https"
	}

	for _, addrPort := range interfaces {
		if netutil.IsUnixSocketPath(addrPort) {
			urls = append(urls, "unix:"+addrPort)
			continue
		}

		ip, prt, err := net.SplitHostPort(addrPort)
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}
		urls = append(urls, fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s", scheme, net.JoinHostPort(ip, prt)))
	}

	return urls
}