docs: Improve low diskspace warning (#1158)

Fixes #1152

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "Virtual DSM",
-  "service": "vdsm",
+  "service": "dsm",
   "forwardPorts": [5000],
   "portsAttributes": {
     "5000": {
@@ -11,7 +11,5 @@
   "otherPortsAttributes": {
     "onAutoForward": "ignore"
   }, 
-  "dockerComposeFile": "codespaces.yml",
+  "dockerComposeFile": "codespaces.yml"
-  "workspaceFolder": "/workspaces/vdsm",
-  "initializeCommand": "docker system prune --all --force"
 }

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       -
         name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       -
         name: Docker metadata
         id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
         with:
           context: git
           images: |
@@ -43,23 +43,23 @@ jobs:
           DOCKER_METADATA_ANNOTATIONS_LEVELS: manifest,index
       - 
         name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
       -
         name: Login into Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
       -
         name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       -
         name: Build Docker image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: .
           push: true

.github/workflows/check.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - 
         name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
       -
         name: Run ShellCheck
         uses: ludeeus/action-shellcheck@master
@@ -24,6 +24,6 @@ jobs:
           failure-threshold: warning
       -
         name: Validate JSON and YML files
-        uses: GrantBirki/json-yaml-validate@v4
+        uses: GrantBirki/json-yaml-validate@v5.0.0
         with:
           yaml_exclude_regex: ".*\\kubernetes\\.yml$"

.github/workflows/hub.yml

@@ -12,13 +12,15 @@ jobs:
   dockerHubDescription:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      -
-    - 
+        name: Checkout repo
-      name: Docker Hub Description
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v5
+      - 
-      with:
+        name: Docker Hub Description
-        username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+        uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v5
-        password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
-        repository: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_REPO }}
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
-        short-description: ${{ github.event.repository.description }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
-        readme-filepath: ./readme.md
+          repository: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_REPO }}
+          short-description: ${{ github.event.repository.description }}
+          readme-filepath: ./readme.md

.github/workflows/review.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       -
         name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
       -
         name: Spelling
         uses: reviewdog/action-misspell@v1
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
             *.md
             *.sh
           reporter: github-pr-review
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.REPO_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       -
         name: Hadolint
         uses: reviewdog/action-hadolint@v1
@@ -34,28 +34,28 @@ jobs:
           level: warning
           reporter: github-pr-review
           hadolint_ignore: DL3008 DL3003 DL3006 DL3013
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.REPO_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       -
         name: YamlLint
         uses: reviewdog/action-yamllint@v1
         with:
           level: warning
           reporter: github-pr-review
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.REPO_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       -
         name: ActionLint
         uses: reviewdog/action-actionlint@v1
         with:
           level: warning
           reporter: github-pr-review
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.REPO_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       -
         name: Shellformat
         uses: reviewdog/action-shfmt@v1
         with:
           level: warning
           shfmt_flags: "-i 2 -ci -bn"
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.REPO_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       -
         name: Shellcheck
         uses: reviewdog/action-shellcheck@v1
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ jobs:
           level: warning
           reporter: github-pr-review
           shellcheck_flags: -x -e SC2001 -e SC2034 -e SC2064 -e SC2317 -e SC2153 -e SC2028          
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.REPO_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

Dockerfile

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ FROM debian:trixie-slim
 ARG TARGETARCH
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM
 ARG VERSION_ARG="0.0"
+ARG VERSION_PASST="2026_05_07"
+
 ARG DEBCONF_NOWARNINGS="yes"
 ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND="noninteractive"
 ARG DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN="true"
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ RUN set -eu && \
         iproute2 \
         dnsmasq \
         fakeroot \
-        apt-utils \        
+        apt-utils \
         net-tools \
         e2fsprogs \
         qemu-utils \
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ RUN set -eu && \
         ca-certificates \
         netcat-openbsd \
         qemu-system-x86 && \
-    wget "https://github.com/qemus/passt/releases/download/v2025_09_19/passt_2025_09_19_${TARGETARCH}.deb" -O /tmp/passt.deb -q && \
+    wget "https://github.com/qemus/passt/releases/download/v${VERSION_PASST}/passt_${VERSION_PASST}_${TARGETARCH}.deb" -O /tmp/passt.deb -q --timeout=10 && \
     dpkg -i /tmp/passt.deb && \
     apt-get clean && \
     pip3 install --no-cache-dir --break-system-packages --root-user-action=ignore dissect.cstruct && \

src/disk.sh

@@ -269,12 +269,14 @@ convertDisk() {
   local TMP_FILE="$DISK_BASE.tmp"
   rm -f "$TMP_FILE"
 
+  local DIR
+  DIR=$(dirname "$TMP_FILE")
+
   if [[ "$ALLOCATE" != [Nn]* ]]; then
 
-    local DIR CUR_SIZE SPACE GB
+    local CUR_SIZE SPACE GB
 
     # Check free diskspace
-    DIR=$(dirname "$TMP_FILE")
     CUR_SIZE=$(getSize "$SOURCE_FILE")
     SPACE=$(df --output=avail -B 1 "$DIR" | tail -n 1)
 
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ checkFS () {
   DIR=$(dirname "$DISK_FILE")
   [ ! -d "$DIR" ] && return 0
 
-  if [[ "${FS,,}" == "overlay"* && "$PODMAN" != [Yy1]* ]]; then
+  if [[ "${FS,,}" == "overlay"* && "${ENGINE,,}" == "docker" ]]; then
     warn "the filesystem of $DIR is OverlayFS, this usually means it was binded to an invalid path!"
   fi
 
@@ -536,16 +538,15 @@ addDisk () {
       GB=$(formatBytes "$FREE")
       LEFT=$(formatBytes "$LEFT")
       CUR_SIZE=$(formatBytes "$CUR_SIZE")
-      msg="the virtual size of the ${DISK_DESC,,} is $CUR_SIZE"
+      msg="The virtual size of the ${DISK_DESC,,} is $CUR_SIZE"
 
-      if [[ "$USED" == "0" ]]; then
+      if [ -n "$USED" ] && [[ "$USED" != "0" ]]; then
-        msg+=","
-      else
         USED=$(formatBytes "$USED")
-        msg+=" (of which $USED is used),"
+        msg+=" (of which $USED is used)"
       fi
 
-      warn "$msg but there is only $GB of free space left in $DIR, make at least $LEFT more room available!"
+      info "$msg, but there is only $GB of free space remaining in $DIR now."
+      info "Please consider making at least $LEFT more space available in $DIR for future expansions."
 
     fi
 
@@ -573,18 +574,25 @@ addDevice () {
   [ ! -b "$DISK_DEV" ] && error "Device $DISK_DEV cannot be found! Please add it to the 'devices' section of your compose file." && exit 55
 
   local sectors=""
-  local result logical physical
+  local dev_type=""
-  result=$(fdisk -l "$DISK_DEV" | grep -m 1 -o "(logical/physical): .*" | cut -c 21-)
+  dev_type=$(lsblk -no TYPE "$DISK_DEV" 2>/dev/null | head -n1)
-  logical="${result%% *}"
-  physical=$(echo "$result" | grep -m 1 -o "/ .*" | cut -c 3-)
-  physical="${physical%% *}"
 
- if [ -n "$physical" ]; then
+  # Only detect and apply sector sizes for partitions, not whole disks
-    if [[ "$physical" != "512" ]]; then
+  # Whole disk passthrough with explicit sector sizes causes DSM not to recognize the disk
-      sectors=",logical_block_size=$logical,physical_block_size=$physical"
+  if [[ "$dev_type" == "part" ]]; then
+    local result logical physical
+    result=$(fdisk -l "$DISK_DEV" | grep -m 1 -o "(logical/physical): .*" | cut -c 21-)
+    logical="${result%% *}"
+    physical=$(echo "$result" | grep -m 1 -o "/ .*" | cut -c 3-)
+    physical="${physical%% *}"
+
+    if [ -n "$physical" ]; then
+      if [[ "$physical" != "512" ]]; then
+        sectors=",logical_block_size=$logical,physical_block_size=$physical"
+      fi
+    else
+      warn "Failed to determine the sector size for $DISK_DEV"
     fi
-  else
-    warn "Failed to determine the sector size for $DISK_DEV"
   fi
 
   DISK_OPTS+=$(createDevice "$DISK_DEV" "$DISK_TYPE" "$DISK_INDEX" "$DISK_ADDRESS" "raw" "$DISK_IO" "$DISK_CACHE" "" "$sectors")
@@ -621,37 +629,8 @@ DISK_OPTS+=$(createDevice "$BOOT" "$DISK_TYPE" "1" "0xa" "raw" "$DISK_IO" "$DISK
 DISK_OPTS+=$(createDevice "$SYSTEM" "$DISK_TYPE" "2" "0xb" "raw" "$DISK_IO" "$DISK_CACHE" "" "")
 
 DISK1_FILE="$STORAGE/${DISK_NAME}"
-if [ ! -f "$DISK1_FILE.img" ] && [ -f "$STORAGE/data${DISK_SIZE}.img" ]; then
-  # Fallback for legacy installs
-  mv "$STORAGE/data${DISK_SIZE}.img" "$DISK1_FILE.img"
-fi
-
 DISK2_FILE="/storage2/${DISK_NAME}2"
-if [ ! -f "$DISK2_FILE.img" ]; then
-  # Fallback for legacy installs
-  FALLBACK="/storage2/data.img"
-  if [[ -f "$DISK1_FILE.img" && -f "$FALLBACK" ]]; then
-    SIZE1=$(stat -c%s "$FALLBACK")
-    SIZE2=$(stat -c%s "$DISK1_FILE.img")
-    if [[ SIZE1 -ne SIZE2 ]]; then
-      mv "$FALLBACK" "$DISK2_FILE.img"
-    fi
-  fi
-fi
-
 DISK3_FILE="/storage3/${DISK_NAME}3"
-if [ ! -f "$DISK3_FILE.img" ]; then
-  # Fallback for legacy installs
-  FALLBACK="/storage3/data.img"
-  if [[ -f "$DISK1_FILE.img" && -f "$FALLBACK" ]]; then
-    SIZE1=$(stat -c%s "$FALLBACK")
-    SIZE2=$(stat -c%s "$DISK1_FILE.img")
-    if [[ SIZE1 -ne SIZE2 ]]; then
-      mv "$FALLBACK" "$DISK3_FILE.img"
-    fi
-  fi
-fi
-
 DISK4_FILE="/storage4/${DISK_NAME}4"
 
 : "${DISK2_SIZE:=""}"

src/install.sh

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ if [ -n "$URL" ] && [ ! -s "$FILE" ] && [ ! -d "$DIR" ]; then
   BASE=$(basename "$URL" .pat)
   if [ ! -s "$STORAGE/$BASE.system.img" ]; then
     BASE=$(basename "${URL%%\?*}" .pat)
-    BASE="${BASE//+/ }"
     printf -v BASE '%b' "${BASE//%/\\x}"
     BASE="${BASE//[!A-Za-z0-9._-]/_}"
   fi
@@ -66,7 +65,6 @@ fi
 
 if [ ! -s "$FILE" ]; then
   BASE=$(basename "${URL%%\?*}" .pat)
-  BASE="${BASE//+/ }"
   printf -v BASE '%b' "${BASE//%/\\x}"
   BASE="${BASE//[!A-Za-z0-9._-]/_}"
 fi
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ rm -f "$STORAGE/$BASE.system.img"
 # Check filesystem
 FS=$(stat -f -c %T "$STORAGE")
 
-if [[ "${FS,,}" == "overlay"* && "$PODMAN" != [Yy1]* ]]; then
+if [[ "${FS,,}" == "overlay"* && "${ENGINE,,}" == "docker" ]]; then
   warn "the filesystem of $STORAGE is OverlayFS, this usually means it was binded to an invalid path!"
 fi
 

src/memory.sh

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -Eeuo pipefail
 
+msg="Checking memory..."
+[[ "$DEBUG" == [Yy1]* ]] && echo "$msg"
+
 RAM_AVAIL=$(free -b | grep -m 1 Mem: | awk '{print $7}')
+AVAIL_MEM=$(formatBytes "$RAM_AVAIL")
 
 if [[ "$RAM_CHECK" != [Nn]* && "${RAM_SIZE,,}" != "max" && "${RAM_SIZE,,}" != "half" ]]; then
 
-  AVAIL_MEM=$(formatBytes "$RAM_AVAIL")
+  wanted=$(numfmt --from=iec "$RAM_SIZE")
 
-  if (( (RAM_WANTED + RAM_SPARE) > RAM_AVAIL )); then
+  if (( (wanted + RAM_SPARE) > RAM_AVAIL )); then
-    msg="Your configured RAM_SIZE of ${RAM_SIZE/G/ GB} is too high for the $AVAIL_MEM of memory available,"
+    msg="Your configured RAM_SIZE of ${RAM_SIZE/G/ GB} is too high for the $AVAIL_MEM of free memory available,"
     if [[ "${FS,,}" == "zfs" ]]; then
       info "$msg but since ZFS is active this will be ignored."
     else
@@ -16,8 +20,8 @@ if [[ "$RAM_CHECK" != [Nn]* && "${RAM_SIZE,,}" != "max" && "${RAM_SIZE,,}" != "h
       warn "$msg it will automatically be adjusted to a lower amount."
     fi
   else
-    if (( (RAM_WANTED + (RAM_SPARE * 3)) > RAM_AVAIL )); then
+    if (( (wanted + (RAM_SPARE * 3)) > RAM_AVAIL )); then
-      msg="your configured RAM_SIZE of ${RAM_SIZE/G/ GB} is very close to the $AVAIL_MEM of memory available,"
+      msg="your configured RAM_SIZE of ${RAM_SIZE/G/ GB} is very close to the $AVAIL_MEM of free memory available,"
       if [[ "${FS,,}" == "zfs" ]]; then
         info "$msg but since ZFS is active this will be ignored."
       else
@@ -30,57 +34,45 @@ fi
 
 if [[ "${RAM_SIZE,,}" == "half" ]]; then
 
-  RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_AVAIL / 2 ))
+  if (( (RAM_AVAIL / 2) > RAM_SPARE )); then
-  RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_WANTED / 1073741825 ))
+    wanted=$(( (RAM_AVAIL / 2) / 1048577 ))
-
+    RAM_SIZE="${wanted}M"
-  if (( "$RAM_WANTED" < 1 )); then
+    info "Allocated $wanted MB of RAM for the virtual machine."
-    RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_AVAIL / 2 ))
-    RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_WANTED / 1048577 ))
-    RAM_SIZE="${RAM_WANTED}M"
   else
-    RAM_SIZE="${RAM_WANTED}G"
+    RAM_SIZE="max"
   fi
 
 fi
 
 if [[ "${RAM_SIZE,,}" == "max" ]]; then
 
-  RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_AVAIL - (RAM_SPARE * 3) ))
+  if (( RAM_AVAIL < (RAM_SPARE * 2) )); then
-  RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_WANTED / 1073741825 ))
 
-  if (( "$RAM_WANTED" < 1 )); then
+    wanted=$(( RAM_AVAIL / 2 ))
 
-    RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_AVAIL - (RAM_SPARE * 2) ))
-    RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_WANTED / 1073741825 ))
-
-    if (( "$RAM_WANTED" < 1 )); then
-
-      RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_AVAIL - RAM_SPARE ))
-      RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_WANTED / 1073741825 ))
-
-      if (( "$RAM_WANTED" < 1 )); then
-
-        RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_AVAIL - RAM_SPARE ))
-        RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_WANTED / 1048577 ))
-
-        if (( "$RAM_WANTED" < 1 )); then
-
-          RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_AVAIL ))
-          RAM_WANTED=$(( RAM_WANTED / 1048577 ))
-
-        fi
-
-        RAM_SIZE="${RAM_WANTED}M"
-      else
-        RAM_SIZE="${RAM_WANTED}G"
-      fi
-    else
-      RAM_SIZE="${RAM_WANTED}G"
-    fi
   else
-    RAM_SIZE="${RAM_WANTED}G"
+
+    wanted=$(( RAM_AVAIL - (RAM_SPARE * 3) ))
+
+    if (( wanted < (RAM_SPARE * 6) )); then
+      wanted=$(( RAM_AVAIL - RAM_SPARE ))
+    fi
+
   fi
 
+  wanted=$(( wanted / 1048577 ))
+  RAM_SIZE="${wanted}M"
+
+  info "Allocated $wanted MB of RAM for the virtual machine."
+
+fi
+
+wanted=$(numfmt --from=iec "$RAM_SIZE")
+
+if [ "$wanted" -lt "$RAM_MINIMUM" ]; then
+  wanted=$(( wanted / 1048577 ))
+  error "Not enough memory available, there is only $wanted MB left!"
+  exit 16
 fi
 
 return 0

src/network.sh

@@ -19,14 +19,16 @@ set -Eeuo pipefail
 : "${VM_NET_HOST:="VirtualDSM"}"
 : "${VM_NET_MASK:="255.255.255.0"}"
 
-: "${PASST:="passt"}"
+: "${PASST:="/run/passt"}"
 : "${PASST_MTU:=""}"
 : "${PASST_OPTS:=""}"
 : "${PASST_DEBUG:=""}"
+: "${PASST_PID:="/var/run/passt.pid"}"
 
 : "${DNSMASQ_OPTS:=""}"
 : "${DNSMASQ_DEBUG:=""}"
 : "${DNSMASQ:="/usr/sbin/dnsmasq"}"
+: "${DNSMASQ_PID:="/var/run/dnsmasq.pid"}"
 : "${DNSMASQ_CONF_DIR:="/etc/dnsmasq.d"}"
 
 ADD_ERR="Please add the following setting to your container:"
@@ -115,20 +117,21 @@ configureDHCP() {
 
 configureDNS() {
 
-  local if="$1"
+  local fa="$1"
   local ip="$2"
   local mac="$3"
   local host="$4"
   local mask="$5"
   local gateway="$6"
+  local arguments="$DNSMASQ_OPTS"
 
   echo "$gateway" > /run/shm/qemu.gw
-  
+
   [[ "${DNSMASQ_DISABLE:-}" == [Yy1]* ]] && return 0
   [[ "$DEBUG" == [Yy1]* ]] && echo "Starting dnsmasq daemon..."
 
-  local log="/var/log/dnsmasq.log"
+  [ -s "$DNSMASQ_PID" ] && pKill "$(<"$DNSMASQ_PID")"
-  rm -f "$log"
+  rm -f "$DNSMASQ_PID"
 
   case "${NETWORK,,}" in
     "tap" | "tun" | "tuntap" | "y" )
@@ -138,40 +141,50 @@ configureDNS() {
       chmod 644 /var/lib/misc/dnsmasq.leases
 
       # dnsmasq configuration:
-      DNSMASQ_OPTS+=" --dhcp-authoritative"
+      arguments+=" --dhcp-authoritative"
 
       # Set DHCP range and host
-      DNSMASQ_OPTS+=" --dhcp-range=$ip,$ip"
+      arguments+=" --dhcp-range=$ip,$ip"
-      DNSMASQ_OPTS+=" --dhcp-host=$mac,,$ip,$host,infinite"
+      arguments+=" --dhcp-host=$mac,,$ip,$host,infinite"
 
       # Set DNS server and gateway
-      DNSMASQ_OPTS+=" --dhcp-option=option:netmask,$mask"
+      arguments+=" --dhcp-option=option:netmask,$mask"
-      DNSMASQ_OPTS+=" --dhcp-option=option:router,$gateway"
+      arguments+=" --dhcp-option=option:router,$gateway"
-      DNSMASQ_OPTS+=" --dhcp-option=option:dns-server,$gateway"
+      arguments+=" --dhcp-option=option:dns-server,$gateway"
 
   esac
 
   # Set interfaces
-  DNSMASQ_OPTS+=" --interface=$if"
+  arguments+=" --interface=$fa"
-  DNSMASQ_OPTS+=" --bind-interfaces"
+  arguments+=" --bind-interfaces"
+
+  # Workaround NET_RAW capability
+  arguments+=" --no-ping"
 
   # Add DNS entry for container
-  DNSMASQ_OPTS+=" --address=/host.lan/$gateway"
+  arguments+=" --address=/host.lan/$gateway"
 
   # Set local dns resolver to dnsmasq when needed
-  [ -f /etc/resolv.dnsmasq ] && DNSMASQ_OPTS+=" --resolv-file=/etc/resolv.dnsmasq"
+  [ -f /etc/resolv.dnsmasq ] && arguments+=" --resolv-file=/etc/resolv.dnsmasq"
 
   # Enable logging to file
-  DNSMASQ_OPTS+=" --log-facility=$log"
+  local log="/var/log/dnsmasq.log"
+  rm -f "$log"
+  arguments+=" --log-facility=$log"
 
-  DNSMASQ_OPTS=$(echo "$DNSMASQ_OPTS" | sed 's/\t/ /g' | tr -s ' ' | sed 's/^ *//')
+  arguments=$(echo "$arguments" | sed 's/\t/ /g' | tr -s ' ' | sed 's/^ *//')
-  [[ "$DEBUG" == [Yy1]* ]] && printf "Dnsmasq arguments:\n\n%s\n\n" "${DNSMASQ_OPTS// -/$'\n-'}"
+  [[ "$DEBUG" == [Yy1]* ]] && printf "Dnsmasq arguments:\n\n%s\n\n" "${arguments// -/$'\n-'}"
 
-  if ! $DNSMASQ ${DNSMASQ_OPTS:+ $DNSMASQ_OPTS}; then
+  { $DNSMASQ ${arguments:+ $arguments}; rc=$?; } || :
 
-    local msg="Failed to start Dnsmasq, reason: $?"
+  if (( rc != 0 )); then
-    [ -f "$log" ] && cat "$log"
+
-    error "$msg"
+    local msg="Failed to start Dnsmasq, reason: $rc"
+
+    if [[ "${NETWORK,,}" == "slirp" || "${NETWORK,,}" == "passt" || "$ROOTLESS" != [Yy1]* || "$DEBUG" == [Yy1]* ]]; then
+      [ -f "$log" ] && [ -s "$log" ] && cat "$log"
+      error "$msg"
+    fi
 
     return 1
   fi
@@ -235,14 +248,13 @@ getUserPorts() {
   done
 
   # Remove duplicates
-  ports=$(echo "${ports//,,/,}," | awk 'BEGIN{RS=ORS=","} !seen[$0]++' | sed 's/,*$//g')
+  echo "${ports//,,/,}," | awk 'BEGIN{RS=ORS=","} !seen[$0]++' | sed 's/,*$//g'
-
-  echo "$ports"
   return 0
 }
 
 getSlirp() {
 
+  local ip="$1"
   local args=""
   local list=""
 
@@ -258,17 +270,15 @@ getSlirp() {
       proto="udp"
       num="${port%/udp}"
     elif [[ "$port" != *"/tcp" ]]; then
-      args+="hostfwd=$proto::$num-$VM_NET_IP:$num,"
+      args+="hostfwd=$proto::$num-$ip:$num,"
       proto="udp"
       num="${port%/udp}"
     fi
 
-    args+="hostfwd=$proto::$num-$VM_NET_IP:$num,"
+    args+="hostfwd=$proto::$num-$ip:$num,"
   done
 
-  args=$(echo "$args" | sed 's/,*$//g')
+  echo "$args" | sed 's/,*$//g'
-
-  echo "${args%?}"
   return 0
 }
 
@@ -289,7 +299,7 @@ configureSlirp() {
   NET_OPTS="-netdev user,id=hostnet0,ipv4=on,host=$gateway,net=${gateway%.*}.0/24,dhcpstart=$ip,${ipv6}hostname=$VM_NET_HOST"
 
   local forward=""
-  forward=$(getSlirp)
+  forward=$(getSlirp "$ip")
   [ -n "$forward" ] && NET_OPTS+=",$forward"
 
   if [[ "${DNSMASQ_DISABLE:-}" == [Yy1]* ]]; then
@@ -309,12 +319,9 @@ configurePasst() {
   NETWORK="passt"
   [[ "$DEBUG" == [Yy1]* ]] && echo "Configuring user-mode networking..."
 
-  local log="/var/log/passt.log"
+  local log="/tmp/passt.log"
   rm -f "$log"
 
-  local pid="/var/run/dnsmasq.pid"
-  [ -s "$pid" ] && pKill "$(<"$pid")"
-
   local ip="$IP"
   [ -n "$VM_NET_IP" ] && ip="$VM_NET_IP"
 
@@ -346,13 +353,7 @@ configurePasst() {
 
   PASST_OPTS+=" -H $VM_NET_HOST"
   PASST_OPTS+=" -M $GATEWAY_MAC"
-
+  PASST_OPTS+=" -P $PASST_PID"
-  local uid gid
-  uid=$(id -u)
-  gid=$(id -g)
-  PASST_OPTS+=" --runas $uid:$gid"
-
-  PASST_OPTS+=" -P /var/run/passt.pid"
   PASST_OPTS+=" -l $log"
   PASST_OPTS+=" -q"
 
@@ -362,7 +363,12 @@ configurePasst() {
   fi
 
   PASST_OPTS=$(echo "$PASST_OPTS" | sed 's/\t/ /g' | tr -s ' ' | sed 's/^ *//')
-  [[ "$DEBUG" == [Yy1]* ]] && printf "Passt arguments:\n\n%s\n\n" "${PASST_OPTS// -/$'\n-'}"
+
+  if [[ "$DEBUG" == [Yy1]* || "$PASST_DEBUG" == [Yy1]* ]]; then
+    printf "Passt arguments:\n\n%s\n\n" "${PASST_OPTS// -/$'\n-'}"
+  fi
+
+  [ ! -f "$PASST" ] && cp /usr/bin/passt* /run
 
   if ! $PASST ${PASST_OPTS:+ $PASST_OPTS} >/dev/null 2>&1; then
 
@@ -371,7 +377,7 @@ configurePasst() {
     { $PASST ${PASST_OPTS:+ $PASST_OPTS}; rc=$?; } || :
 
     if (( rc != 0 )); then
-      [ -f "$log" ] && cat "$log"
+      [ -f "$log" ] && [ -s "$log" ] && cat "$log"
       warn "failed to start passt ($rc), falling back to slirp networking!"
       configureSlirp && return 0 || return 1
     fi
@@ -382,7 +388,7 @@ configurePasst() {
     tail -fn +0 "$log" --pid=$$ &
   else
     if [[ "$DEBUG" == [Yy1]* ]]; then
-      [ -f "$log" ] && cat "$log" && echo ""
+      [ -f "$log" ] && [ -s "$log" ] && cat "$log" && echo ""
     fi
   fi
 
@@ -403,7 +409,6 @@ configureNAT() {
 
   # Create the necessary file structure for /dev/net/tun
   if [ ! -c /dev/net/tun ]; then
-    [[ "$PODMAN" == [Yy1]* ]] && return 1
     [ ! -d /dev/net ] && mkdir -m 755 /dev/net
     if mknod /dev/net/tun c 10 200; then
       chmod 666 /dev/net/tun
@@ -411,6 +416,7 @@ configureNAT() {
   fi
 
   if [ ! -c /dev/net/tun ]; then
+    [[ "$ROOTLESS" == [Yy1]* && "$DEBUG" != [Yy1]* ]] && return 1
     warn "$tuntap" && return 1
   fi
 
@@ -418,6 +424,7 @@ configureNAT() {
   if [[ $(< /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward) -eq 0 ]]; then
     { sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 > /dev/null 2>&1; rc=$?; } || :
     if (( rc != 0 )) || [[ $(< /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward) -eq 0 ]]; then
+      [[ "$ROOTLESS" == [Yy1]* && "$DEBUG" != [Yy1]* ]] && return 1
       warn "IP forwarding is disabled. $ADD_ERR --sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1"
       return 1
     fi
@@ -444,6 +451,7 @@ configureNAT() {
   { ip link add dev "$VM_NET_BRIDGE" type bridge ; rc=$?; } || :
 
   if (( rc != 0 )); then
+    [[ "$ROOTLESS" == [Yy1]* && "$DEBUG" != [Yy1]* ]] && return 1
     warn "failed to create bridge. $ADD_ERR --cap-add NET_ADMIN" && return 1
   fi
 
@@ -458,6 +466,7 @@ configureNAT() {
 
   # QEMU Works with taps, set tap to the bridge created
   if ! ip tuntap add dev "$VM_NET_TAP" mode tap; then
+    [[ "$ROOTLESS" == [Yy1]* && "$DEBUG" != [Yy1]* ]] && return 1
     warn "$tuntap" && return 1
   fi
 
@@ -480,7 +489,7 @@ configureNAT() {
     warn "failed to set master bridge!" && return 1
   fi
 
-  if grep -wq "nf_tables" /proc/modules; then
+  if command -v iptables-nft >/dev/null 2>&1 && iptables-nft -V >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     update-alternatives --set iptables /usr/sbin/iptables-nft > /dev/null
     update-alternatives --set ip6tables /usr/sbin/ip6tables-nft > /dev/null
   else
@@ -498,8 +507,11 @@ configureNAT() {
     fi
   fi
 
-  if ! iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o "$VM_NET_DEV" -j MASQUERADE; then
+  if ! iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o "$VM_NET_DEV" -j MASQUERADE > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-    warn "$tables" && return 1
+    [[ "$ROOTLESS" == [Yy1]* && "$DEBUG" != [Yy1]* ]] && return 1
+    if ! iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o "$VM_NET_DEV" -j MASQUERADE; then
+      warn "$tables" && return 1
+    fi
   fi
 
   # shellcheck disable=SC2086
@@ -533,23 +545,21 @@ configureNAT() {
 
 closeBridge() {
 
-  local pid="/var/run/dnsmasq.pid"
+  [ -s "$PASST_PID" ] && pKill "$(<"$PASST_PID")"
-  [ -s "$pid" ] && pKill "$(<"$pid")"
+  rm -f "$PASST_PID"
-  rm -f "$pid"
 
-  pid="/var/run/passt.pid"
+  [ -s "$DNSMASQ_PID" ] && pKill "$(<"$DNSMASQ_PID")"
-  [ -s "$pid" ] && pKill "$(<"$pid")"
+  rm -f "$DNSMASQ_PID"
-  rm -f "$pid"
 
   case "${NETWORK,,}" in
     "user"* | "passt" | "slirp" ) return 0 ;;
   esac
 
-  ip link set "$VM_NET_TAP" down promisc off &> null || true
+  ip link set "$VM_NET_TAP" down promisc off &> /dev/null || true
-  ip link delete "$VM_NET_TAP" &> null || true
+  ip link delete "$VM_NET_TAP" &> /dev/null || true
 
-  ip link set "$VM_NET_BRIDGE" down &> null || true
+  ip link set "$VM_NET_BRIDGE" down &> /dev/null || true
-  ip link delete "$VM_NET_BRIDGE" &> null || true
+  ip link delete "$VM_NET_BRIDGE" &> /dev/null || true
 
   return 0
 }
@@ -595,9 +605,9 @@ closeNetwork() {
 cleanUp() {
 
   # Clean up old files
+  rm -f "$PASST_PID"
+  rm -f "$DNSMASQ_PID"
   rm -f /etc/resolv.dnsmasq
-  rm -f /var/run/passt.pid
-  rm -f /var/run/dnsmasq.pid
 
   if [[ -d "/sys/class/net/$VM_NET_TAP" ]]; then
     info "Lingering interface will be removed..."
@@ -609,21 +619,22 @@ cleanUp() {
 
 checkOS() {
 
-  local kernel
   local os=""
-  local if="macvlan"
+  local kernel=""
+  local iface="macvlan"
+
   kernel=$(uname -a)
 
   [[ "${kernel,,}" == *"darwin"* ]] && os="$ENGINE Desktop for macOS"
   [[ "${kernel,,}" == *"microsoft"* ]] && os="$ENGINE Desktop for Windows"
 
   if [[ "$DHCP" == [Yy1]* ]]; then
-    if="macvtap"
+    iface="macvtap"
     [[ "${kernel,,}" == *"synology"* ]] && os="Synology Container Manager"
   fi
 
   if [ -n "$os" ]; then
-    warn "you are using $os which does not support $if, please revert to bridge networking!"
+    warn "you are using $os which does not support $iface, please revert to bridge networking!"
   fi
 
   return 0
@@ -637,7 +648,7 @@ getInfo() {
     [ -d "/sys/class/net/net1" ] && VM_NET_DEV="net1"
     [ -d "/sys/class/net/net2" ] && VM_NET_DEV="net2"
     [ -d "/sys/class/net/net3" ] && VM_NET_DEV="net3"
-    # Automaticly detect the default network interface
+    # Automatically detect the default network interface
     [ -z "$VM_NET_DEV" ] && VM_NET_DEV=$(awk '$2 == 00000000 { print $1 }' /proc/net/route)
     [ -z "$VM_NET_DEV" ] && VM_NET_DEV="eth0"
   fi
@@ -688,6 +699,20 @@ getInfo() {
       exit 29
     fi
 
+    if uname -a | grep -Eqi 'unraid|truenas'; then
+
+      # Check if host exposes the bridge-nf sysctl
+      # (only visible if br_netfilter is loaded and /proc/sys is accessible)
+  
+      BNF="/proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables"
+  
+      if [[ -r "$BNF" ]] && [[ "$(cat "$BNF")" != "0" ]]; then
+        warn "external LAN clients may not be able to reach this container, because net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1."
+        warn "you can fix this issue by running 'sysctl -w net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=0' on the host system."
+      fi
+  
+    fi
+
   else
 
     if [[ "$IP" != "172."* && "$IP" != "10.8"* && "$IP" != "10.9"* ]]; then
@@ -737,13 +762,6 @@ getInfo() {
 
   GATEWAY_MAC=$(echo "$VM_NET_MAC" | md5sum | sed 's/^\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\).*$/02:\1:\2:\3:\4:\5/')
 
-  if [[ "$PODMAN" == [Yy1]* && "$DHCP" != [Yy1]* ]]; then
-    if [ -z "$NETWORK" ] || [[ "${NETWORK^^}" == "Y" ]]; then
-      # By default Podman has no permissions for NAT networking
-      NETWORK="user"
-    fi
-  fi
-
   if [[ "$DEBUG" == [Yy1]* ]]; then
     line="Host: $HOST  IP: $IP  Gateway: $GATEWAY  Interface: $VM_NET_DEV  MAC: $VM_NET_MAC  MTU: $mtu"
     [[ "$MTU" != "0" && "$MTU" != "$mtu" ]] && line+=" ($MTU)"
@@ -798,22 +816,26 @@ else
 
   case "${NETWORK,,}" in
     "passt" | "slirp" | "user"* ) ;;
-    "tap" | "tun" | "tuntap" | "y" )
+    "tap" | "tun" | "tuntap" | "y" | "" )
 
       # Configure tap interface
       if ! configureNAT; then
 
         closeBridge
         NETWORK="user"
-        msg="falling back to user-mode networking!"
+
-        msg="failed to setup NAT networking, $msg"
+        if [[ "$ROOTLESS" != [Yy1]* || "$DEBUG" == [Yy1]* ]]; then
+          msg="falling back to user-mode networking!"
+          msg="failed to setup NAT networking, $msg"
+          warn "$msg"
+        fi
 
       fi ;;
 
   esac
 
   case "${NETWORK,,}" in
-    "tap" | "tun" | "tuntap" | "y" ) ;;
+    "tap" | "tun" | "tuntap" | "y" | "" ) ;;
     "passt" | "user"* )
 
       # Configure for user-mode networking (passt)

src/power.sh

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ API_CMD=6
 API_HOST="127.0.0.1:$COM_PORT"
 
 QEMU_TERM=""
-QEMU_DIR="/run/shm"
-QEMU_PID="$QEMU_DIR/qemu.pid"
 QEMU_LOG="$QEMU_DIR/qemu.log"
 QEMU_OUT="$QEMU_DIR/qemu.out"
 QEMU_END="$QEMU_DIR/qemu.end"
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ finish() {
       # Workaround for zombie pid
       [ ! -s "$QEMU_PID" ] && break
 
-      if [ "$cnt" == "5" ]; then
+      if [ "$cnt" -eq 5 ]; then
         echo && error "QEMU did not terminate itself, forcefully killing process..."
         { kill -9 "$pid" || true; } 2>/dev/null
       fi

src/proc.sh

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ CLOCKSOURCE="tsc"
 CLOCK="/sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/current_clocksource"
 
 if [ ! -f "$CLOCK" ]; then
-  warn "file \"$CLOCK\" cannot not found?"
+  warn "file \"$CLOCK\" cannot be found?"
 else
   result=$(<"$CLOCK")
   result="${result//[![:print:]]/}"
@@ -33,9 +33,8 @@ if [[ "$KVM" != [Nn]* ]]; then
   KVM_OPTS=",accel=kvm -enable-kvm -global kvm-pit.lost_tick_policy=discard"
 
   if ! grep -qw "sse4_2" <<< "$flags"; then
-    info "Your CPU does not have the SSE4 instruction set that Virtual DSM requires, it will be emulated..."
+    error "Your CPU does not have the SSE4 instruction set that Virtual DSM requires!"
-    [ -z "$CPU_MODEL" ] && CPU_MODEL="qemu64"
+    [[ "$DEBUG" != [Yy1]* ]] && exit 88
-    CPU_FEATURES+=",+ssse3,+sse4.1,+sse4.2"
   fi
 
   if [ -z "$CPU_MODEL" ]; then

src/reset.sh

@@ -24,25 +24,47 @@ trap 'error "Status $? while: $BASH_COMMAND (line $LINENO/$BASH_LINENO)"' ERR
 
 # Helper variables
 
-PODMAN="N"
+ROOTLESS="N"
+PRIVILEGED="N"
 ENGINE="Docker"
 PROCESS="${APP,,}"
 PROCESS="${PROCESS// /-}"
 
 if [ -f "/run/.containerenv" ]; then
-  PODMAN="Y"
+  ENGINE="${container:-}"
-  ENGINE="Podman"
+  if [[ "${ENGINE,,}" == *"podman"* ]]; then
+    ROOTLESS="Y"
+    ENGINE="Podman"
+  else
+    [ -z "$ENGINE" ] && ENGINE="Kubernetes"
+  fi
 fi
 
 echo "❯ Starting $APP for $ENGINE v$(</run/version)..."
 echo "❯ For support visit $SUPPORT"
 
+# Get the capability bounding set
+CAP_BND=$(grep '^CapBnd:' /proc/$$/status | awk '{print $2}')
+CAP_BND=$(printf "%d" "0x${CAP_BND}")
+
+# Get the last capability number
+LAST_CAP=$(cat /proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap)
+
+# Calculate the maximum capability value
+MAX_CAP=$(((1 << (LAST_CAP + 1)) - 1))
+
+if [ "${CAP_BND}" -eq "${MAX_CAP}" ]; then
+  ROOTLESS="N"
+  PRIVILEGED="Y"
+fi
+
 INFO="/run/shm/msg.html"
 PAGE="/run/shm/index.html"
 TEMPLATE="/var/www/index.html"
 FOOTER1="$APP for $ENGINE v$(</run/version)"
 FOOTER2="<a href='$SUPPORT'>$SUPPORT</a>"
 
+SOCKETS=1
 CPU=$(cpu)
 SYS=$(uname -r)
 HOST=$(hostname -s)
@@ -51,31 +73,37 @@ MINOR=$(echo "$SYS" | cut -d '.' -f2)
 ARCH=$(dpkg --print-architecture)
 CORES=$(grep -c '^processor' /proc/cpuinfo)
 
-if ! grep -qi "socket(s)" <<< "$(lscpu)"; then
+if grep -qi "socket(s)" <<< "$(lscpu)"; then
-  SOCKETS=1
+  SOCKETS=$(lscpu | grep -m 1 -i 'socket(s)' | awk '{print $2}')
-else
+  [ -z "${SOCKETS##*[!0-9]*}" ] && SOCKETS=1
-  SOCKETS=$(lscpu | grep -m 1 -i 'socket(s)' | awk '{print $(2)}')
+  [ "$SOCKETS" -lt "1" ] && SOCKETS=1
 fi
 
 CPU_CORES="${CPU_CORES// /}"
+[ -z "$CPU_CORES" ] && CPU_CORES=2
 [[ "${CPU_CORES,,}" == "max" ]] && CPU_CORES="$CORES"
 [[ "${CPU_CORES,,}" == "half" ]] && CPU_CORES=$(( CORES / 2 ))
-[[ "${CPU_CORES,,}" == "0" ]] && CPU_CORES="1"
+[ -z "${CPU_CORES##*[!0-9]*}" ] && error "Invalid amount of CPU_CORES: $CPU_CORES" && exit 15
-[ -n "${CPU_CORES//[0-9 ]}" ] && error "Invalid amount of CPU_CORES: $CPU_CORES" && exit 15
 
+[ "$CPU_CORES" -lt "1" ] && CPU_CORES=1
 if [ "$CPU_CORES" -gt "$CORES" ]; then
-  warn "The amount for CPU_CORES (${CPU_CORES}) exceeds the amount of logical cores available, so will be limited to ${CORES}."
+  warn "The amount for CPU_CORES (${CPU_CORES}) exceeds the amount of logical cores available (${CORES}) and will be limited."
   CPU_CORES="$CORES"
 fi
 
 # Check system
 
+QEMU_DIR="/run/shm"
+
 if [ ! -d "/dev/shm" ]; then
   error "Directory /dev/shm not found!" && exit 14
 else
-  [ ! -d "/run/shm" ] && ln -s /dev/shm /run/shm
+  [ ! -d "$QEMU_DIR" ] && ln -s /dev/shm "$QEMU_DIR"
 fi
 
+QEMU_PID="$QEMU_DIR/qemu.pid"
+rm -f "$QEMU_PID"
+
 # Check folder
 
 if [[ "${STORAGE,,}" != "/storage" ]]; then
@@ -101,12 +129,13 @@ if [[ "${FS,,}" == "ecryptfs" || "${FS,,}" == "tmpfs" ]]; then
 fi
 
 # Read memory
-RAM_SPARE=500000000
 RAM_AVAIL=$(free -b | grep -m 1 Mem: | awk '{print $7}')
 RAM_TOTAL=$(free -b | grep -m 1 Mem: | awk '{print $2}')
 
+RAM_SPARE=500000000
+RAM_MINIMUM=136314880
 RAM_SIZE="${RAM_SIZE// /}"
-[ -z "$RAM_SIZE" ] && error "RAM_SIZE not specified!" && exit 16
+[ -z "$RAM_SIZE" ] && RAM_SIZE="2G"
 
 if [[ "${RAM_SIZE,,}" != "max" && "${RAM_SIZE,,}" != "half" ]]; then
 
@@ -116,8 +145,8 @@ if [[ "${RAM_SIZE,,}" != "max" && "${RAM_SIZE,,}" != "half" ]]; then
 
   RAM_SIZE=$(echo "${RAM_SIZE^^}" | sed 's/MB/M/g;s/GB/G/g;s/TB/T/g')
   ! numfmt --from=iec "$RAM_SIZE" &>/dev/null && error "Invalid RAM_SIZE: $RAM_SIZE" && exit 16
-  RAM_WANTED=$(numfmt --from=iec "$RAM_SIZE")
+  wanted=$(numfmt --from=iec "$RAM_SIZE")
-  [ "$RAM_WANTED" -lt "136314880 " ] && error "RAM_SIZE is too low: $RAM_SIZE" && exit 16
+  [ "$wanted" -lt "$RAM_MINIMUM" ] && error "RAM_SIZE is too low: $RAM_SIZE" && exit 16
 
 fi
 
@@ -166,6 +195,10 @@ if [[ "$KVM" != [Nn]* ]]; then
         if ! grep -qw "vmx\|svm" <<< "$flags"; then
           KVM_ERR="(not enabled in BIOS)"
         fi
+        if ! grep -qw "sse4_2" <<< "$flags"; then
+          error "Your CPU does not have the SSE4 instruction set that Virtual DSM requires!"
+          [[ "$DEBUG" != [Yy1]* ]] && exit 88
+        fi
       fi
     fi
   fi