macOS: prepare APFS formatter device aliases

When creating an APFS filesystem inside a newly created device-hosted volume, VeraCrypt prepared only the raw hdiutil device path before invoking newfs_apfs. On macOS, newfs_apfs may resolve or reopen the corresponding block device path, which can fail with Permission denied for non-root GUI runs.

Prepare both raw and block aliases for the temporary formatter device, restore changed owners afterward, and share the helper between GUI and text-mode volume creation. Restore each changed alias independently so one restore failure does not skip the rest.

src/Main/Forms/VolumeCreationWizard.cpp

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 #include "Core/VolumeCreator.h"
 #include "Main/Application.h"
 #include "Main/GraphicUserInterface.h"
+#ifdef TC_MACOSX
+#include "Main/MacOSXFormatterDevice.h"
+#endif
 #include "Main/Resources.h"
 #include "VolumeCreationWizard.h"
 #include "EncryptionOptionsWizardPage.h"
@@ -194,20 +197,6 @@ namespace VeraCrypt
 		return path;
 	}
 
-	static string GetMacOSXRawDevicePath (const string &deviceIdentifier)
-	{
-		if (deviceIdentifier.find ("/dev/rdisk") == 0)
-			return deviceIdentifier;
-
-		if (deviceIdentifier.find ("/dev/disk") == 0)
-			return string ("/dev/r") + deviceIdentifier.substr (5);
-
-		if (deviceIdentifier.find ("disk") == 0)
-			return string ("/dev/r") + deviceIdentifier;
-
-		return deviceIdentifier;
-	}
-
 	static string GetMacOSXDiskutilInfo (const VolumePath &devicePath)
 	{
 		list <string> args;
@@ -844,14 +833,20 @@ namespace VeraCrypt
 					Thread::Sleep (2000);	// Try to prevent race conditions caused by OS
 
 					// Temporarily take ownership of the device if the user is not an administrator
-					UserId origDeviceOwner ((uid_t) -1);
-
 					DevicePath virtualDevice = volume->VirtualDevice;
 #ifdef TC_MACOSX
 					string virtualDeviceStr = virtualDevice;
-					if (virtualDeviceStr.find ("/dev/rdisk") != 0)
-						virtualDevice = "/dev/r" + virtualDeviceStr.substr (5);
-#endif
+					virtualDevice = GetMacOSXRawDevicePath (virtualDeviceStr);
+
+					MacOSXFormatterDeviceOwnerRestoreList changedDeviceOwners;
+					finally_do_arg (MacOSXFormatterDeviceOwnerRestoreList *, &changedDeviceOwners,
+					{
+						RestoreMacOSXFormatterDeviceOwners (*finally_arg);
+					});
+					PrepareMacOSXFormatterDevice (virtualDevice, changedDeviceOwners);
+#else
+					UserId origDeviceOwner ((uid_t) -1);
+
 					try
 					{
 						File file;
@@ -871,6 +866,7 @@ namespace VeraCrypt
 						if (finally_arg2.SystemId != (uid_t) -1)
 							Core->SetFileOwner (finally_arg, finally_arg2);
 					});
+#endif
 
 					// Create filesystem
 					list <string> args;

src/Main/MacOSXFormatterDevice.h

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ VeraCrypt source code
+ Copyright (c) 2026 AM Crypto
+
+ This file is part of VeraCrypt and is governed by the Apache License 2.0
+ the full text of which is contained in the file License.txt included in
+ VeraCrypt binary and source code distribution packages.
+*/
+
+#ifndef VC_HEADER_Main_MacOSXFormatterDevice
+#define VC_HEADER_Main_MacOSXFormatterDevice
+
+#include "Main/Main.h"
+
+#ifdef TC_MACOSX
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+namespace VeraCrypt
+{
+	inline bool IsMacOSXDiskDevicePath (const string &deviceIdentifier, const string &prefix)
+	{
+		return deviceIdentifier.find (prefix) == 0
+			&& deviceIdentifier.size() > prefix.size()
+			&& deviceIdentifier[prefix.size()] >= '0'
+			&& deviceIdentifier[prefix.size()] <= '9';
+	}
+
+	inline string GetMacOSXRawDevicePath (const string &deviceIdentifier)
+	{
+		if (IsMacOSXDiskDevicePath (deviceIdentifier, "/dev/rdisk"))
+			return deviceIdentifier;
+
+		if (IsMacOSXDiskDevicePath (deviceIdentifier, "/dev/disk"))
+			return string ("/dev/rdisk") + deviceIdentifier.substr (9);
+
+		if (IsMacOSXDiskDevicePath (deviceIdentifier, "rdisk"))
+			return string ("/dev/") + deviceIdentifier;
+
+		if (IsMacOSXDiskDevicePath (deviceIdentifier, "disk"))
+			return string ("/dev/r") + deviceIdentifier;
+
+		return deviceIdentifier;
+	}
+
+	inline string GetMacOSXBlockDevicePath (const string &deviceIdentifier)
+	{
+		if (IsMacOSXDiskDevicePath (deviceIdentifier, "/dev/disk"))
+			return deviceIdentifier;
+
+		if (IsMacOSXDiskDevicePath (deviceIdentifier, "/dev/rdisk"))
+			return string ("/dev/disk") + deviceIdentifier.substr (10);
+
+		if (IsMacOSXDiskDevicePath (deviceIdentifier, "disk"))
+			return string ("/dev/") + deviceIdentifier;
+
+		if (IsMacOSXDiskDevicePath (deviceIdentifier, "rdisk"))
+			return string ("/dev/disk") + deviceIdentifier.substr (5);
+
+		return deviceIdentifier;
+	}
+
+	struct MacOSXFormatterDeviceOwnerRestore
+	{
+		MacOSXFormatterDeviceOwnerRestore (const FilesystemPath &path, const UserId &owner)
+			: Path (path), Owner (owner) { }
+
+		FilesystemPath Path;
+		UserId Owner;
+	};
+
+	typedef list <MacOSXFormatterDeviceOwnerRestore> MacOSXFormatterDeviceOwnerRestoreList;
+
+	inline void AddUniqueMacOSXDevicePath (list <FilesystemPath> &paths, const string &path)
+	{
+		if (path.empty())
+			return;
+
+		foreach (const FilesystemPath &existingPath, paths)
+		{
+			if (string (existingPath) == path)
+				return;
+		}
+
+		paths.push_back (FilesystemPath (path));
+	}
+
+	inline void PrepareMacOSXFormatterDevice (const DevicePath &devicePath, MacOSXFormatterDeviceOwnerRestoreList &changedDeviceOwners)
+	{
+		if (Core->HasAdminPrivileges())
+			return;
+
+		const string devicePathStr = devicePath;
+		list <FilesystemPath> paths;
+		// APFS formatters may resolve /dev/rdiskN back to /dev/diskN internally.
+		AddUniqueMacOSXDevicePath (paths, devicePathStr);
+		AddUniqueMacOSXDevicePath (paths, GetMacOSXRawDevicePath (devicePathStr));
+		AddUniqueMacOSXDevicePath (paths, GetMacOSXBlockDevicePath (devicePathStr));
+
+		foreach (const FilesystemPath &path, paths)
+		{
+			try
+			{
+				File file;
+				file.Open (path, File::OpenReadWrite);
+			}
+			catch (...)
+			{
+				UserId origDeviceOwner = path.GetOwner();
+				// Register before chown so service-side success followed by
+				// an IPC failure can still be restored.
+				changedDeviceOwners.push_back (MacOSXFormatterDeviceOwnerRestore (path, origDeviceOwner));
+				Core->SetFileOwner (path, UserId (getuid()));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	inline void RestoreMacOSXFormatterDeviceOwners (const MacOSXFormatterDeviceOwnerRestoreList &changedDeviceOwners)
+	{
+		foreach (const MacOSXFormatterDeviceOwnerRestore &restore, changedDeviceOwners)
+		{
+			try
+			{
+				Core->SetFileOwner (restore.Path, restore.Owner);
+			}
+			catch (...) { }
+		}
+	}
+}
+#endif // TC_MACOSX
+
+#endif // VC_HEADER_Main_MacOSXFormatterDevice

src/Main/TextUserInterface.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@
 #include "Common/EMVToken.h"
 #include "Core/RandomNumberGenerator.h"
 #include "Application.h"
+#ifdef TC_MACOSX
+#include "Main/MacOSXFormatterDevice.h"
+#endif
 #include "TextUserInterface.h"
 
 namespace VeraCrypt
@@ -1065,14 +1068,20 @@ namespace VeraCrypt
 			Thread::Sleep (2000);	// Try to prevent race conditions caused by OS
 
 			// Temporarily take ownership of the device if the user is not an administrator
-			UserId origDeviceOwner ((uid_t) -1);
-
 			DevicePath virtualDevice = volume->VirtualDevice;
 #ifdef TC_MACOSX
 			string virtualDeviceStr = virtualDevice;
-			if (virtualDeviceStr.find ("/dev/rdisk") != 0)
-				virtualDevice = "/dev/r" + virtualDeviceStr.substr (5);
-#endif
+			virtualDevice = GetMacOSXRawDevicePath (virtualDeviceStr);
+
+			MacOSXFormatterDeviceOwnerRestoreList changedDeviceOwners;
+			finally_do_arg (MacOSXFormatterDeviceOwnerRestoreList *, &changedDeviceOwners,
+			{
+				RestoreMacOSXFormatterDeviceOwners (*finally_arg);
+			});
+			PrepareMacOSXFormatterDevice (virtualDevice, changedDeviceOwners);
+#else
+			UserId origDeviceOwner ((uid_t) -1);
+
 			try
 			{
 				File file;
@@ -1092,6 +1101,7 @@ namespace VeraCrypt
 				if (finally_arg2.SystemId != (uid_t) -1)
 					Core->SetFileOwner (finally_arg, finally_arg2);
 			});
+#endif
 
 			// Create filesystem
 			list <string> args;