Fix npx build overriding Angular output paths (#3082)

This commit reverts changes from PR #3068 that swapped 'npm run build' for 'npx ng build' while attempting to dynamically set the '--output-path' via the CLI.

Passing '--output-path' on the command line overrides the entire 'outputPath' configuration object in angular.json. Because the new Angular 18 Application Builder (esbuild) nests outputs inside a 'browser/' directory by default, overriding the configuration bypassed the 'browser: ""' flattening property, causing all client assets to be nested deeper than expected.

This resulted in empty deployments because downstream tasks (like Jetty's copyConsole and the deployment tar scripts) expected the assets to be completely flat. By removing the '--output-path' override from the 'npx ng build' calls, the Angular CLI once again respects angular.json, flattens the output into 'staged/dist/', and the restored 'doLast' block successfully copies the artifacts where they belong.

.gemini/skills/pr-polisher/scripts/check_diff.py

@@ -285,6 +285,25 @@ def check_diff_anti_patterns():
             if 'src/test/' in current_file and clock_now_pattern.search(code_line):
                 log_warning(f"[{current_file}] Prefer using a fixed, static constant Instant over capturing clock.now() in tests to prevent flakiness.")
 
+def check_missing_tests():
+    print("\n--- Checking for Missing Tests ---")
+    diff_files = run_cmd("git diff HEAD^ --name-only").split('\n')
+    main_files_modified = False
+    test_files_modified = False
+
+    for f in diff_files:
+        if f.startswith('core/src/main/') or f.startswith('util/src/main/'):
+            if f.endswith('.java'):
+                main_files_modified = True
+        if f.startswith('core/src/test/') or f.startswith('util/src/test/'):
+            if f.endswith('Test.java'):
+                test_files_modified = True
+
+    if main_files_modified and not test_files_modified:
+        log_warning("Production code (.java files in src/main/) was modified, but no corresponding tests (.java files in src/test/) were added or updated. You MUST proactively write tests for any new logic or bug fixes.")
+    else:
+        log_success("Test coverage check passed (tests were included or no production Java code was changed).")
+
 def main():
     print("========================================")
     print("     NOMULUS PR POLISHER CHECKLIST      ")
@@ -295,6 +314,7 @@ def main():
     check_workspace_clean()
     check_package_lock()
     check_license_headers()
+    check_missing_tests()
     check_formatting()
     check_diff_anti_patterns()
 

GEMINI.md

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ This document outlines foundational mandates, architectural patterns, and projec
     - **Transactional Time:** Ensure code that relies on `tm().getTransactionTime()` (or `tm().getTxTime()`) is executed within a transaction context.
 
 ### 5. Testing Best Practices
+- **Mandatory Proactive Testing:** You MUST automatically write and update tests alongside your code changes WITHOUT waiting for the user to prompt you. If you add a new feature, fix a bug, or change core logic, you are explicitly required to identify the corresponding `*Test.java` file and implement comprehensive test coverage for your changes.
 - **FakeClock and Sleeper:** Use `FakeClock` and `Sleeper` for any logic involving timeouts, delays, or expiration.
 - **Empirical Reproduction:** Before fixing a bug, always create a test case that reproduces the failure.
 - **Base Classes:** Leverage `CommandTestCase`, `EppToolCommandTestCase`, etc., to reduce boilerplate and ensure consistent setup (e.g., clock initialization).

build.gradle

@@ -609,3 +609,23 @@ gradle.taskGraph.whenReady { graph ->
     }
   }
 }
+
+task fastBuild {
+  group = 'build'
+  description = 'A lightweight build for local dev. Compiles Java, runs standard tests, and checks formatting, but skips Docker images, fragile tests, and the massive Angular console builds. (Do not use this target to verify console changes.)'
+
+  dependsOn build
+  // Remove the heavy default dependencies specifically for fastBuild
+  gradle.taskGraph.whenReady { graph ->
+    if (graph.hasTask(fastBuild)) {
+      project(':console-webapp').tasks.named('buildConsoleForAll').get().enabled = false
+      project(':jetty').tasks.named('buildNomulusImage').get().enabled = false
+      project(':core').tasks.named('buildToolImage').get().enabled = false
+      project(':core').tasks.named('fragileTest').get().enabled = false
+      project(':jetty').tasks.named('stage').get().enabled = false
+      if (project.tasks.findByName('stage') != null) {
+        project.tasks.named('stage').get().enabled = false
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

console-webapp/build.gradle

@@ -53,10 +53,17 @@ def createConsoleTask = { env ->
   project.tasks.register("buildConsoleFor${env.capitalize()}", Exec) {
     workingDir "${consoleDir}/"
     executable 'npx'
-    args 'ng', 'build', '--base-href=/console/', "--configuration=${env}", "--output-path=staged/console-${env}"
+    args 'ng', 'build', '--base-href=/console/', "--configuration=${env}"
     doFirst {
       println "Building console for environment: ${env}"
     }
+    doLast {
+      copy {
+        from "${consoleDir}/staged/dist/"
+        into "${consoleDir}/staged/console-${env}"
+      }
+      delete "${consoleDir}/staged/dist"
+    }
     dependsOn(tasks.npmInstallDeps)
   }
   project.tasks.register("deleteConsoleFor${env.capitalize()}", Delete) {
@@ -74,6 +81,14 @@ def createConsoleTask = { env ->
   createConsoleTask(env)
 }
 
+// Force an order so we don't run these tasks in parallel.
+tasks.buildConsoleForCrash.mustRunAfter(tasks.buildConsoleForAlpha)
+tasks.buildConsoleForQa.mustRunAfter(tasks.buildConsoleForCrash)
+tasks.buildConsoleForSandbox.mustRunAfter(tasks.buildConsoleForQa)
+tasks.buildConsoleForProduction.mustRunAfter(tasks.buildConsoleForSandbox)
+// This task must run last, otherwise the previous tasks will have deleted the "dist" folder.
+tasks.buildConsoleWebapp.mustRunAfter(tasks.buildConsoleForProduction)
+
 task applyFormatting(type: Exec) {
   workingDir "${consoleDir}/"
   executable 'npm'
@@ -92,3 +107,4 @@ tasks.applyFormatting.dependsOn(tasks.npmInstallDeps)
 tasks.checkFormatting.dependsOn(tasks.npmInstallDeps)
 tasks.build.dependsOn(tasks.checkFormatting)
 tasks.build.dependsOn(tasks.runConsoleWebappUnitTests)
+tasks.build.dependsOn(tasks.buildConsoleForAll)

core/build.gradle

@@ -170,7 +170,6 @@ dependencies {
   implementation deps['com.google.oauth-client:google-oauth-client-servlet']
   implementation deps['com.google.re2j:re2j']
   implementation deps['org.freemarker:freemarker']
-  implementation deps['com.googlecode.json-simple:json-simple']
   implementation deps['com.github.mwiede:jsch']
   implementation deps['com.zaxxer:HikariCP']
   implementation deps['com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp']
@@ -443,7 +442,7 @@ project.tasks.create('generateSqlSchema', JavaExec) {
   mainClass = 'google.registry.tools.DevTool'
   jvmArgs "--sun-misc-unsafe-memory-access=allow"
   args = [
-      '-e', 'alpha',
+      '-e', 'unittest',
       'generate_sql_schema', '--start_postgresql', '-o',
       "${rootProject.projectRootDir}/db/src/main/resources/sql/schema/" +
       "db-schema.sql.generated"
@@ -742,9 +741,9 @@ test {
   // Don't run any tests from this task, all testing gets done in the
   // FilteringTest tasks.
   exclude "**"
-}.dependsOn(standardTest, registryToolIntegrationTest, sqlIntegrationTest)
+}.dependsOn(standardTest, registryToolIntegrationTest, sqlIntegrationTest, fragileTest)
 
 // When we override tests, we also break the cleanTest command.
-cleanTest.dependsOn(cleanStandardTest, cleanRegistryToolIntegrationTest, cleanSqlIntegrationTest)
+cleanTest.dependsOn(cleanStandardTest, cleanRegistryToolIntegrationTest, cleanSqlIntegrationTest, cleanFragileTest)
 
-project.build.dependsOn devtool
+project.build.dependsOn devtool, buildToolImage

core/gradle.lockfile

@@ -192,7 +192,6 @@ com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:4.33.2=annotationProcessor,nonprodAnnotationPr
 com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:4.35.0=compileClasspath,deploy_jar,nonprodCompileClasspath,nonprodRuntimeClasspath,runtimeClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
 com.google.re2j:re2j:1.8=compileClasspath,deploy_jar,nonprodCompileClasspath,nonprodRuntimeClasspath,runtimeClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
 com.google.truth:truth:1.4.5=deploy_jar,nonprodRuntimeClasspath,runtimeClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
-com.googlecode.json-simple:json-simple:1.1.1=compileClasspath,deploy_jar,nonprodCompileClasspath,nonprodRuntimeClasspath,runtimeClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
 com.ibm.icu:icu4j:73.2=compileClasspath,deploy_jar,nonprodCompileClasspath,nonprodRuntimeClasspath,runtimeClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
 com.lmax:disruptor:3.4.2=compileClasspath,deploy_jar,nonprodCompileClasspath,nonprodRuntimeClasspath,runtimeClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
 com.puppycrawl.tools:checkstyle:10.24.0=checkstyle

core/src/main/java/google/registry/flows/CheckApiAction.java

@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ import static google.registry.persistence.PersistenceModule.TransactionIsolation
 import static google.registry.persistence.transaction.TransactionManagerFactory.replicaTm;
 import static google.registry.pricing.PricingEngineProxy.isDomainPremium;
 import static google.registry.util.DomainNameUtils.canonicalizeHostname;
-import static org.json.simple.JSONValue.toJSONString;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
 import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
 import com.google.common.net.InternetDomainName;
 import com.google.common.net.MediaType;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import dagger.Module;
 import dagger.Provides;
 import google.registry.flows.domain.DomainFlowUtils.BadCommandForRegistryPhaseException;
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ public class CheckApiAction implements Runnable {
   @Inject Response response;
   @Inject CheckApiMetric.Builder metricBuilder;
   @Inject CheckApiMetrics checkApiMetrics;
+  @Inject Gson gson;
 
   @Inject
   CheckApiAction() {}
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ public class CheckApiAction implements Runnable {
       response.setHeader("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff");
       response.setHeader(ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN, "*");
       response.setContentType(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8);
-      response.setPayload(toJSONString(doCheck()));
+      response.setPayload(gson.toJson(doCheck()));
     } finally {
       CheckApiMetric metric = metricBuilder.build();
       checkApiMetrics.incrementCheckApiRequest(metric);

core/src/main/java/google/registry/flows/EppController.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import google.registry.flows.FlowModule.EppExceptionInProviderException;
 import google.registry.model.eppcommon.Trid;
 import google.registry.model.eppinput.EppInput;
@@ -34,7 +35,6 @@ import google.registry.model.eppoutput.Result.Code;
 import google.registry.monitoring.whitebox.EppMetric;
 import jakarta.inject.Inject;
 import java.util.Optional;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
 
 /**
  * An implementation of the EPP command/response protocol.
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ public final class EppController {
   @Inject EppMetric.Builder eppMetricBuilder;
   @Inject EppMetrics eppMetrics;
   @Inject ServerTridProvider serverTridProvider;
+  @Inject Gson gson;
+
   @Inject EppController() {}
 
   /** Reads EPP XML, executes the matching flow, and returns an {@link EppOutput}. */
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ public final class EppController {
             e.getMessage(),
             lazy(
                 () ->
-                    JSONValue.toJSONString(
+                    gson.toJson(
                         ImmutableMap.<String, Object>of(
                             "clientId",
                             nullToEmpty(sessionMetadata.getRegistrarId()),

core/src/main/java/google/registry/flows/FlowReporter.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
 import com.google.common.collect.Streams;
 import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import google.registry.flows.FlowModule.InputXml;
 import google.registry.flows.FlowModule.RegistrarId;
 import google.registry.flows.annotations.ReportingSpec;
@@ -30,7 +31,6 @@ import google.registry.model.eppcommon.Trid;
 import google.registry.model.eppinput.EppInput;
 import jakarta.inject.Inject;
 import java.util.Optional;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
 
 /** Reporter used by {@link FlowRunner} to record flow execution data for reporting. */
 public class FlowReporter {
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ public class FlowReporter {
   @Inject @InputXml byte[] inputXmlBytes;
   @Inject EppInput eppInput;
   @Inject Class<? extends Flow> flowClass;
+  @Inject Gson gson;
+
   @Inject FlowReporter() {}
 
   /** Records information about the current flow execution in the request logs. */
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ public class FlowReporter {
     logger.atInfo().log(
         "%s: %s",
         METADATA_LOG_SIGNATURE,
-        JSONValue.toJSONString(
+        gson.toJson(
             new ImmutableMap.Builder<String, Object>()
                 .put("serverTrid", trid.getServerTransactionId())
                 .put("clientId", registrarId)

core/src/main/java/google/registry/flows/domain/DomainFlowUtils.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import static com.google.common.collect.Sets.difference;
 import static com.google.common.collect.Sets.intersection;
 import static com.google.common.collect.Sets.union;
 import static google.registry.bsa.persistence.BsaLabelUtils.isLabelBlocked;
+import static google.registry.model.common.FeatureFlag.FeatureName.FORBID_INSECURE_ALGORITHMS_RFC_9904;
 import static google.registry.model.domain.Domain.MAX_REGISTRATION_YEARS;
 import static google.registry.model.domain.token.AllocationToken.TokenType.REGISTER_BSA;
 import static google.registry.model.tld.Tld.TldState.GENERAL_AVAILABILITY;
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ import google.registry.model.EppResource;
 import google.registry.model.billing.BillingBase.Flag;
 import google.registry.model.billing.BillingBase.Reason;
 import google.registry.model.billing.BillingRecurrence;
+import google.registry.model.common.FeatureFlag;
 import google.registry.model.domain.Domain;
 import google.registry.model.domain.DomainCommand.Create;
 import google.registry.model.domain.DomainCommand.CreateOrUpdate;
@@ -341,7 +343,7 @@ public class DomainFlowUtils {
       }
       ImmutableList<DomainDsData> invalidAlgorithms =
           dsData.stream()
-              .filter(ds -> !validateAlgorithm(ds.getAlgorithm()))
+              .filter(ds -> algorithmIsInvalid(ds.getAlgorithm()))
               .collect(toImmutableList());
       if (!invalidAlgorithms.isEmpty()) {
         throw new InvalidDsRecordException(
@@ -349,9 +351,16 @@ public class DomainFlowUtils {
                 "Domain contains DS record(s) with an invalid algorithm wire value: %s",
                 invalidAlgorithms));
       }
+      boolean forbidInsecureTypes = FeatureFlag.isActiveNow(FORBID_INSECURE_ALGORITHMS_RFC_9904);
       ImmutableList<DomainDsData> invalidDigestTypes =
           dsData.stream()
-              .filter(ds -> DigestType.fromWireValue(ds.getDigestType()).isEmpty())
+              .filter(
+                  ds -> {
+                    Optional<DigestType> digestType = DigestType.fromWireValue(ds.getDigestType());
+                    return digestType
+                        .map(type -> forbidInsecureTypes && !type.isAllowedInRfc9904())
+                        .orElse(true);
+                  })
               .collect(toImmutableList());
       if (!invalidDigestTypes.isEmpty()) {
         throw new InvalidDsRecordException(
@@ -376,14 +385,14 @@ public class DomainFlowUtils {
     }
   }
 
-  public static boolean validateAlgorithm(int alg) {
+  public static boolean algorithmIsInvalid(int alg) {
     if (alg > 255 || alg < 0) {
-      return false;
+      return true;
     }
     // Algorithms that are reserved or unassigned will just return a string representation of their
     // integer wire value.
     String algorithm = Algorithm.string(alg);
-    return !algorithm.equals(Integer.toString(alg));
+    return algorithm.equals(Integer.toString(alg));
   }
 
   /** We only allow specifying years in a period. */

core/src/main/java/google/registry/model/common/FeatureFlag.java

@@ -84,7 +84,10 @@ public class FeatureFlag extends ImmutableObject implements Buildable {
     INCLUDE_PENDING_DELETE_DATE_FOR_DOMAINS(FeatureStatus.INACTIVE),
 
     /** If we're prohibiting the inclusion of the contact object URI on login. */
-    PROHIBIT_CONTACT_OBJECTS_ON_LOGIN(FeatureStatus.INACTIVE);
+    PROHIBIT_CONTACT_OBJECTS_ON_LOGIN(FeatureStatus.INACTIVE),
+
+    /** If we're prohibiting insecure algorithms as detailed by RFC 9904. */
+    FORBID_INSECURE_ALGORITHMS_RFC_9904(FeatureStatus.INACTIVE);
 
     private final FeatureStatus defaultStatus;
 

core/src/main/java/google/registry/request/JsonResponse.java

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
 import static com.google.common.net.HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION;
 import static com.google.common.net.HttpHeaders.X_CONTENT_TYPE_OPTIONS;
 import static com.google.common.net.MediaType.JSON_UTF_8;
-import static org.json.simple.JSONValue.toJSONString;
 
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import jakarta.inject.Inject;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -31,10 +31,12 @@ public class JsonResponse {
   public static final String JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX = ")]}'\n";
 
   protected final Response response;
+  protected final Gson gson;
 
   @Inject
-  public JsonResponse(Response rsp) {
+  public JsonResponse(Response rsp, Gson gson) {
     this.response = rsp;
+    this.gson = gson;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ public class JsonResponse {
     // response, even if all else fails. It's basically another anti-sniffing mechanism in the sense
     // that if you hit this url directly, it would try to download the file instead of showing it.
     response.setHeader(CONTENT_DISPOSITION, "attachment");
-    response.setPayload(JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX + toJSONString(checkNotNull(responseMap)));
+    response.setPayload(JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX + gson.toJson(checkNotNull(responseMap)));
   }
 
   /**

core/src/main/java/google/registry/request/RequestModule.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 package google.registry.request;
 
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
 import static com.google.common.net.MediaType.JSON_UTF_8;
 import static google.registry.dns.PublishDnsUpdatesAction.CLOUD_TASKS_RETRY_HEADER;
 import static google.registry.model.tld.Tlds.assertTldExists;
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ import static google.registry.request.RequestParameters.extractSetOfParameters;
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
 
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-import com.google.common.base.VerifyException;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableListMultimap;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
 import com.google.common.io.ByteStreams;
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ import com.google.common.io.CharStreams;
 import com.google.common.net.MediaType;
 import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
+import com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
 import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
 import dagger.Module;
 import dagger.Provides;
@@ -50,8 +52,6 @@ import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
-import org.json.simple.parser.ParseException;
 
 /** Dagger module for servlets. */
 @Module
@@ -202,18 +202,16 @@ public final class RequestModule {
 
   @Provides
   @JsonPayload
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   static Map<String, Object> provideJsonPayload(
-      @Header("Content-Type") MediaType contentType, @Payload String payload) {
+      @Header("Content-Type") MediaType contentType, @Payload String payload, Gson gson) {
     if (!JSON_UTF_8.is(contentType.withCharset(UTF_8))) {
       throw new UnsupportedMediaTypeException(
           String.format("Expected %s Content-Type", JSON_UTF_8.withoutParameters()));
     }
     try {
-      return (Map<String, Object>) JSONValue.parseWithException(payload);
-    } catch (ParseException e) {
-      throw new BadRequestException(
-          "Malformed JSON", new VerifyException("Malformed JSON:\n" + payload, e));
+      return checkNotNull(gson.fromJson(payload, new TypeToken<>() {}));
+    } catch (JsonSyntaxException | NullPointerException e) {
+      throw new BadRequestException("Malformed JSON:\n" + payload);
     }
   }
 

core/src/main/java/google/registry/security/JsonHttp.java

@@ -18,10 +18,13 @@ import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
 import static com.google.common.net.HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION;
 import static com.google.common.net.HttpHeaders.X_CONTENT_TYPE_OPTIONS;
 import static com.google.common.net.MediaType.JSON_UTF_8;
-import static org.json.simple.JSONValue.writeJSONString;
 
 import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
 import com.google.common.net.MediaType;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
+import google.registry.tools.GsonUtils;
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -29,8 +32,6 @@ import java.io.Reader;
 import java.io.Writer;
 import java.util.Map;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
-import org.json.simple.parser.ParseException;
 
 /**
  * Helper class for servlets that read or write JSON.
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ public final class JsonHttp {
 
   private static final FluentLogger logger = FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();
 
+  private static final Gson GSON = GsonUtils.provideGson();
+
   /** String prefixed to all JSON-like responses. */
   public static final String JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX = ")]}'\n";
 
@@ -51,7 +54,6 @@ public final class JsonHttp {
    * @throws IOException if we failed to read from {@code req}.
    */
   @Nullable
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   public static Map<String, ?> read(HttpServletRequest req) throws IOException {
     if (!"POST".equals(req.getMethod())
         && !"PUT".equals(req.getMethod())) {
@@ -64,8 +66,8 @@ public final class JsonHttp {
     }
     try (Reader jsonReader = req.getReader()) {
       try {
-        return checkNotNull((Map<String, ?>) JSONValue.parseWithException(jsonReader));
-      } catch (ParseException | NullPointerException | ClassCastException e) {
+        return checkNotNull(GSON.fromJson(jsonReader, new TypeToken<>() {}));
+      } catch (JsonSyntaxException | NullPointerException | ClassCastException e) {
         logger.atWarning().withCause(e).log("Malformed JSON.");
         return null;
       }
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ public final class JsonHttp {
     rsp.setHeader(CONTENT_DISPOSITION, "attachment");
     try (Writer writer = rsp.getWriter()) {
       writer.write(JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX);
-      writeJSONString(jsonObject, writer);
+      GSON.toJson(jsonObject, writer);
     }
   }
 }

core/src/main/java/google/registry/tools/DigestType.java

@@ -29,21 +29,26 @@ import java.util.Optional;
  * https://www.iana.org/assignments/ds-rr-types/ds-rr-types.xhtml
  */
 public enum DigestType {
-  SHA1(1, 20),
-  SHA256(2, 32),
+  // Algorithm number 1 is SHA-1 and will be is deliberately NOT SUPPORTED.
+  // RFC 9904 specifies that this algorithm MUST NOT be used for DNSSEC delegations.
+  // This prohibition is gated behind a feature flag.
+  SHA1(1, 20, false),
+  SHA256(2, 32, true),
   // Algorithm number 3 is GOST R 34.11-94 and is deliberately NOT SUPPORTED.
   // This algorithm was reviewed by ise-crypto and deemed academically broken (b/207029800).
   // In addition, RFC 8624 specifies that this algorithm MUST NOT be used for DNSSEC delegations.
   // TODO(sarhabot@): Add note in Cloud DNS code to notify the Registry of any new changes to
   // supported digest types.
-  SHA384(4, 48);
+  SHA384(4, 48, true);
 
   private final int wireValue;
   private final int bytes;
+  private final boolean allowedInRfc9904;
 
-  DigestType(int wireValue, int bytes) {
+  DigestType(int wireValue, int bytes, boolean allowedInRfc9904) {
     this.wireValue = wireValue;
     this.bytes = bytes;
+    this.allowedInRfc9904 = allowedInRfc9904;
   }
 
   private static final ImmutableMap<Integer, DigestType> WIRE_VALUE_TO_DIGEST_TYPE =
@@ -63,4 +68,9 @@ public enum DigestType {
   public int getBytes() {
     return bytes;
   }
+
+  /** Whether this digest type is supported as of RFC 9904. */
+  public boolean isAllowedInRfc9904() {
+    return allowedInRfc9904;
+  }
 }

core/src/main/java/google/registry/tools/DsRecord.java

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ record DsRecord(int keyTag, int alg, int digestType, String digest) {
           String.format("DS record has an invalid digest length: %s", digest));
     }
 
-    if (!DomainFlowUtils.validateAlgorithm(alg)) {
+    if (DomainFlowUtils.algorithmIsInvalid(alg)) {
       throw new IllegalArgumentException(
           String.format("DS record uses an unrecognized algorithm: %d", alg));
     }

core/src/main/java/google/registry/tools/GenerateDnsReportCommand.java

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import com.beust.jcommander.Parameter;
 import com.beust.jcommander.Parameters;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import google.registry.model.domain.Domain;
 import google.registry.model.host.Host;
 import google.registry.persistence.transaction.QueryComposer.Comparator;
@@ -38,7 +39,6 @@ import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
 
 /** Command to generate a report of all DNS data. */
 @Parameters(separators = " =", commandDescription = "Generate report of all DNS data in a TLD.")
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ final class GenerateDnsReportCommand implements Command {
   private Path output = Paths.get("/dev/stdout");
 
   @Inject Clock clock;
+  @Inject Gson gson;
 
   @Override
   public void run() throws Exception {
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ final class GenerateDnsReportCommand implements Command {
       } else {
         result.append(",\n");
       }
-      result.append(JSONValue.toJSONString(map));
+      result.append(gson.toJson(map));
     }
   }
 }

core/src/main/java/google/registry/tools/GsonUtils.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package google.registry.tools;
 
 import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
+import com.google.gson.ToNumberPolicy;
 import com.google.gson.TypeAdapter;
 import com.google.gson.TypeAdapterFactory;
 import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ public class GsonUtils {
         .registerTypeAdapter(Serializable.class, new SerializableJsonTypeAdapter())
         .registerTypeAdapterFactory(new ClassProcessingTypeAdapterFactory())
         .registerTypeAdapterFactory(new GsonPostProcessableTypeAdapterFactory())
+        .setObjectToNumberStrategy(ToNumberPolicy.LONG_OR_DOUBLE)
         .excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation()
         .create();
   }

core/src/main/java/google/registry/tools/ListObjectsCommand.java

@@ -23,10 +23,13 @@ import com.beust.jcommander.Parameter;
 import com.google.common.base.VerifyException;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.net.MediaType;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
+import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
 
 /**
  * Abstract base class for commands that list objects by calling a server task.
@@ -35,6 +38,8 @@ import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
  */
 abstract class ListObjectsCommand implements CommandWithConnection {
 
+  private static final Gson GSON = GsonUtils.provideGson();
+
   @Nullable
   @Parameter(
       names = {"-f", "--fields"},
@@ -87,14 +92,13 @@ abstract class ListObjectsCommand implements CommandWithConnection {
         connection.sendPostRequest(
             getCommandPath(), params.build(), MediaType.PLAIN_TEXT_UTF_8, new byte[0]);
     // Parse the returned JSON and make sure it's a map.
-    Object obj = JSONValue.parse(response.substring(JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX.length()));
-    if (!(obj instanceof Map<?, ?>)) {
+    JsonElement element = JsonParser.parseString(response.substring(JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX.length()));
+    if (!element.isJsonObject()) {
       throw new VerifyException("Server returned unexpected JSON: " + response);
     }
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    Map<String, Object> responseMap = (Map<String, Object>) obj;
+    Map<String, Object> responseMap = GSON.fromJson(element, new TypeToken<>() {});
     // Get the status.
-    obj = responseMap.get("status");
+    Object obj = responseMap.get("status");
     if (obj == null) {
       throw new VerifyException("Server returned no status");
     }

core/src/main/java/google/registry/tools/ServiceConnection.java

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.io.CharStreams;
 import com.google.common.net.MediaType;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
 import google.registry.config.RegistryConfig.Config;
 import google.registry.request.Action.Service;
 import jakarta.inject.Inject;
@@ -42,7 +44,6 @@ import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.util.Map;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
 
 /**
  * An HTTP connection to a service.
@@ -55,23 +56,25 @@ public class ServiceConnection {
   private final Service service;
   private final boolean useCanary;
   private final HttpRequestFactory requestFactory;
+  private final Gson gson;
 
   @Inject
   ServiceConnection(
-      @Config("useCanary") boolean useCanary,
-      HttpRequestFactory requestFactory) {
-    this(Service.BACKEND, requestFactory, useCanary);
+      @Config("useCanary") boolean useCanary, HttpRequestFactory requestFactory, Gson gson) {
+    this(Service.BACKEND, requestFactory, useCanary, gson);
   }
 
-  private ServiceConnection(Service service, HttpRequestFactory requestFactory, boolean useCanary) {
+  private ServiceConnection(
+      Service service, HttpRequestFactory requestFactory, boolean useCanary, Gson gson) {
     this.service = service;
     this.requestFactory = requestFactory;
     this.useCanary = useCanary;
+    this.gson = gson;
   }
 
   /** Returns a copy of this connection that talks to a different service endpoint. */
   public ServiceConnection withService(Service service, boolean useCanary) {
-    return new ServiceConnection(service, requestFactory, useCanary);
+    return new ServiceConnection(service, requestFactory, useCanary, gson);
   }
 
   /** Returns the HTML from the connection error stream, if any, otherwise the empty string. */
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ public class ServiceConnection {
     request.setFollowRedirects(false);
     request.setThrowExceptionOnExecuteError(false);
     request.setUnsuccessfulResponseHandler(
-        (request1, response, supportsRetry) -> {
+        (request1, response, _) -> {
           String error = getErrorHtmlAsString(response);
           throw new IOException(
               String.format(
@@ -137,14 +140,10 @@ public class ServiceConnection {
     return internalSend(endpoint, params, MediaType.PLAIN_TEXT_UTF_8, null);
   }
 
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   public Map<String, Object> sendJson(String endpoint, Map<String, ?> object) throws IOException {
     String response =
         sendPostRequest(
-            endpoint,
-            ImmutableMap.of(),
-            JSON_UTF_8,
-            JSONValue.toJSONString(object).getBytes(UTF_8));
-    return (Map<String, Object>) JSONValue.parse(response.substring(JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX.length()));
+            endpoint, ImmutableMap.of(), JSON_UTF_8, gson.toJson(object).getBytes(UTF_8));
+    return gson.fromJson(response.substring(JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX.length()), new TypeToken<>() {});
   }
 }

core/src/test/java/google/registry/flows/CheckApiActionTest.java

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import static google.registry.testing.DatabaseHelper.persistResource;
 import static google.registry.util.DateTimeUtils.START_INSTANT;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
 import google.registry.bsa.persistence.BsaTestingUtils;
 import google.registry.model.tld.Tld;
 import google.registry.monitoring.whitebox.CheckApiMetric;
@@ -39,10 +40,10 @@ import google.registry.persistence.transaction.JpaTestExtensions;
 import google.registry.persistence.transaction.JpaTestExtensions.JpaIntegrationTestExtension;
 import google.registry.testing.FakeClock;
 import google.registry.testing.FakeResponse;
+import google.registry.tools.GsonUtils;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
@@ -83,9 +84,9 @@ class CheckApiActionTest {
             .build());
   }
 
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   private Map<String, Object> getCheckResponse(String domain) {
     CheckApiAction action = new CheckApiAction();
+    action.gson = GsonUtils.provideGson();
     action.domain = domain;
     action.response = new FakeResponse();
     action.metricBuilder = CheckApiMetric.builder(fakeClock);
@@ -94,7 +95,8 @@ class CheckApiActionTest {
     endTime = fakeClock.now();
 
     action.run();
-    return (Map<String, Object>) JSONValue.parse(((FakeResponse) action.response).getPayload());
+    return action.gson.fromJson(
+        ((FakeResponse) action.response).getPayload(), new TypeToken<>() {});
   }
 
   @Test

core/src/test/java/google/registry/flows/EppControllerTest.java

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
 import com.google.common.testing.TestLogHandler;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
 import google.registry.flows.EppException.UnimplementedExtensionException;
 import google.registry.flows.EppTestComponent.FakeServerTridProvider;
 import google.registry.flows.FlowModule.EppExceptionInProviderException;
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ import google.registry.monitoring.whitebox.EppMetric;
 import google.registry.persistence.transaction.JpaTestExtensions;
 import google.registry.persistence.transaction.JpaTestExtensions.JpaIntegrationTestExtension;
 import google.registry.testing.FakeClock;
+import google.registry.tools.GsonUtils;
 import google.registry.util.Clock;
 import google.registry.xml.ValidationMode;
 import java.time.Instant;
@@ -50,7 +53,6 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.logging.LogRecord;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ class EppControllerTest {
   @Mock Result result;
 
   private static final Instant START_TIME = Instant.parse("2016-09-01T00:00:00Z");
+  private static final Gson GSON = GsonUtils.provideGson();
 
   private final Clock clock = new FakeClock(START_TIME);
   private final TestLogHandler logHandler = new TestLogHandler();
@@ -110,6 +113,7 @@ class EppControllerTest {
     when(result.getCode()).thenReturn(Code.SUCCESS_WITH_NO_MESSAGES);
 
     eppController = new EppController();
+    eppController.gson = GSON;
     eppController.eppMetricBuilder = EppMetric.builderForRequest(clock);
     when(flowRunner.run(eppController.eppMetricBuilder)).thenReturn(eppOutput);
     eppController.flowComponentBuilder = flowComponentBuilder;
@@ -247,8 +251,7 @@ class EppControllerTest {
     assertThat(logRecord.getThrown()).isInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class);
   }
 
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   private static Map<String, Object> parseJsonMap(String json) throws Exception {
-    return (Map<String, Object>) JSONValue.parseWithException(json);
+    return GSON.fromJson(json, new TypeToken<>() {});
   }
 }

core/src/test/java/google/registry/flows/EppTestComponent.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import google.registry.flows.custom.TestCustomLogicFactory;
 import google.registry.flows.domain.DomainDeletionTimeCache;
 import google.registry.flows.domain.DomainFlowTmchUtils;
 import google.registry.monitoring.whitebox.EppMetric;
+import google.registry.request.Modules.GsonModule;
 import google.registry.request.RequestScope;
 import google.registry.request.lock.LockHandler;
 import google.registry.testing.CloudTasksHelper;
@@ -42,7 +43,8 @@ import jakarta.inject.Singleton;
 
 /** Dagger component for running EPP tests. */
 @Singleton
-@Component(modules = {ConfigModule.class, EppTestComponent.FakesAndMocksModule.class})
+@Component(
+    modules = {ConfigModule.class, GsonModule.class, EppTestComponent.FakesAndMocksModule.class})
 public interface EppTestComponent {
 
   RequestComponent startRequest();

core/src/test/java/google/registry/flows/FlowReporterTest.java

@@ -22,22 +22,26 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.testing.TestLogHandler;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
 import google.registry.flows.annotations.ReportingSpec;
 import google.registry.model.eppcommon.Trid;
 import google.registry.model.eppinput.EppInput;
 import google.registry.model.eppoutput.EppOutput.ResponseOrGreeting;
 import google.registry.model.eppoutput.EppResponse;
 import google.registry.model.reporting.IcannReportingTypes.ActivityReportField;
+import google.registry.tools.GsonUtils;
 import google.registry.util.JdkLoggerConfig;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link FlowReporter}. */
 class FlowReporterTest {
 
+  private static final Gson GSON = GsonUtils.provideGson();
+
   static class TestCommandFlow implements Flow {
     @Override
     public ResponseOrGreeting run() {
@@ -60,6 +64,7 @@ class FlowReporterTest {
   void beforeEach() {
     JdkLoggerConfig.getConfig(FlowReporter.class).addHandler(handler);
     flowReporter.trid = Trid.create("client-123", "server-456");
+    flowReporter.gson = GSON;
     flowReporter.registrarId = "TheRegistrar";
     flowReporter.inputXmlBytes = "<xml/>".getBytes(UTF_8);
     flowReporter.flowClass = TestCommandFlow.class;
@@ -205,8 +210,7 @@ class FlowReporterTest {
     assertThat(json).containsEntry("tlds", ImmutableList.of());
   }
 
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   private static Map<String, Object> parseJsonMap(String json) throws Exception {
-    return (Map<String, Object>) JSONValue.parseWithException(json);
+    return GSON.fromJson(json, new TypeToken<>() {});
   }
 }

core/src/test/java/google/registry/flows/ResourceFlowTestCase.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
 import com.google.common.testing.TestLogHandler;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import google.registry.model.EppResource;
 import google.registry.model.ForeignKeyUtils;
 import google.registry.model.domain.DomainBase;
@@ -34,13 +35,13 @@ import google.registry.model.tmch.ClaimsList;
 import google.registry.model.tmch.ClaimsListDao;
 import google.registry.testing.DatabaseHelper;
 import google.registry.testing.TestCacheExtension;
+import google.registry.tools.GsonUtils;
 import google.registry.util.JdkLoggerConfig;
 import google.registry.util.TypeUtils.TypeInstantiator;
 import java.time.Duration;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.logging.Level;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension;
 
@@ -53,6 +54,8 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension;
 public abstract class ResourceFlowTestCase<F extends Flow, R extends EppResource>
     extends FlowTestCase<F> {
 
+  private static final Gson GSON = GsonUtils.provideGson();
+
   protected final TestLogHandler logHandler = new TestLogHandler();
 
   @RegisterExtension
@@ -108,21 +111,23 @@ public abstract class ResourceFlowTestCase<F extends Flow, R extends EppResource
         .that(logHandler)
         .hasLogAtLevelWithMessage(Level.INFO, "FLOW-LOG-SIGNATURE-METADATA")
         .which()
-        .contains("\"clientId\":" + JSONValue.toJSONString(registrarId));
+        .contains("\"clientId\":" + GSON.toJson(registrarId));
   }
 
   protected void assertTldsFieldLogged(String... tlds) {
-    assertAboutLogs().that(logHandler)
+    assertAboutLogs()
+        .that(logHandler)
         .hasLogAtLevelWithMessage(Level.INFO, "FLOW-LOG-SIGNATURE-METADATA")
         .which()
-        .contains("\"tlds\":" + JSONValue.toJSONString(ImmutableList.copyOf(tlds)));
+        .contains("\"tlds\":" + GSON.toJson(ImmutableList.copyOf(tlds)));
   }
 
   protected void assertIcannReportingActivityFieldLogged(String fieldName) {
-    assertAboutLogs().that(logHandler)
+    assertAboutLogs()
+        .that(logHandler)
         .hasLogAtLevelWithMessage(Level.INFO, "FLOW-LOG-SIGNATURE-METADATA")
         .which()
-        .contains("\"icannActivityReportField\":" + JSONValue.toJSONString(fieldName));
+        .contains("\"icannActivityReportField\":" + GSON.toJson(fieldName));
   }
 
   protected void assertLastHistoryContainsResource(EppResource resource) {

core/src/test/java/google/registry/flows/domain/DomainCreateFlowTest.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import static google.registry.model.billing.BillingBase.Flag.RESERVED;
 import static google.registry.model.billing.BillingBase.Flag.SUNRISE;
 import static google.registry.model.billing.BillingBase.RenewalPriceBehavior.NONPREMIUM;
 import static google.registry.model.billing.BillingBase.RenewalPriceBehavior.SPECIFIED;
+import static google.registry.model.common.FeatureFlag.FeatureName.FORBID_INSECURE_ALGORITHMS_RFC_9904;
 import static google.registry.model.domain.fee.Fee.FEE_EXTENSION_URIS;
 import static google.registry.model.domain.token.AllocationToken.TokenType.BULK_PRICING;
 import static google.registry.model.domain.token.AllocationToken.TokenType.DEFAULT_PROMO;
@@ -150,6 +151,8 @@ import google.registry.model.billing.BillingBase.Reason;
 import google.registry.model.billing.BillingBase.RenewalPriceBehavior;
 import google.registry.model.billing.BillingEvent;
 import google.registry.model.billing.BillingRecurrence;
+import google.registry.model.common.FeatureFlag;
+import google.registry.model.common.FeatureFlag.FeatureStatus;
 import google.registry.model.domain.Domain;
 import google.registry.model.domain.DomainHistory;
 import google.registry.model.domain.GracePeriod;
@@ -794,7 +797,11 @@ class DomainCreateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainCreateFlow, Domain
         .that(domain)
         .hasExactlyDsData(
             DomainDsData.create(
-                    12345, 3, 1, base16().decode("A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"))
+                    12345,
+                    3,
+                    2,
+                    base16()
+                        .decode("D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A"))
                 .cloneWithDomainRepoId(domain.getRepoId()));
   }
 
@@ -957,6 +964,38 @@ class DomainCreateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainCreateFlow, Domain
     assertAboutEppExceptions().that(thrown).marshalsToXml();
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void testFailure_secDnsSha1DigestType() throws Exception {
+    setEppInput("domain_create_dsdata_sha1.xml");
+    persistHosts();
+    DatabaseHelper.persistResource(
+        new FeatureFlag.Builder()
+            .setFeatureName(FORBID_INSECURE_ALGORITHMS_RFC_9904)
+            .setStatusMap(ImmutableSortedMap.of(START_INSTANT, FeatureStatus.ACTIVE))
+            .build());
+    EppException thrown = assertThrows(InvalidDsRecordException.class, this::runFlow);
+    assertAboutEppExceptions().that(thrown).marshalsToXml();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testSuccess_secDnsSha1_flagInactive() throws Exception {
+    setEppInput("domain_create_dsdata_sha1.xml");
+    persistHosts();
+    DatabaseHelper.persistResource(
+        new FeatureFlag.Builder()
+            .setFeatureName(FORBID_INSECURE_ALGORITHMS_RFC_9904)
+            .setStatusMap(ImmutableSortedMap.of(START_INSTANT, FeatureStatus.INACTIVE))
+            .build());
+    doSuccessfulTest("tld");
+    Domain domain = reloadResourceByForeignKey();
+    assertAboutDomains()
+        .that(domain)
+        .hasExactlyDsData(
+            DomainDsData.create(
+                    12345, 3, 1, base16().decode("49FD46E6C4B45C55D4AC49FD46E6C4B45C55D4AC"))
+                .cloneWithDomainRepoId(domain.getRepoId()));
+  }
+
   @Test
   void testFailure_secDnsInvalidAlgorithm() throws Exception {
     setEppInput("domain_create_dsdata_bad_algorithms.xml");

core/src/test/java/google/registry/flows/domain/DomainUpdateFlowTest.java

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import static com.google.common.collect.Sets.union;
 import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static google.registry.model.ForeignKeyUtils.loadResource;
+import static google.registry.model.common.FeatureFlag.FeatureName.FORBID_INSECURE_ALGORITHMS_RFC_9904;
 import static google.registry.model.eppcommon.StatusValue.CLIENT_DELETE_PROHIBITED;
 import static google.registry.model.eppcommon.StatusValue.CLIENT_HOLD;
 import static google.registry.model.eppcommon.StatusValue.CLIENT_RENEW_PROHIBITED;
@@ -94,6 +95,8 @@ import google.registry.flows.exceptions.ResourceStatusProhibitsOperationExceptio
 import google.registry.model.ImmutableObject;
 import google.registry.model.billing.BillingBase.Reason;
 import google.registry.model.billing.BillingEvent;
+import google.registry.model.common.FeatureFlag;
+import google.registry.model.common.FeatureFlag.FeatureStatus;
 import google.registry.model.domain.Domain;
 import google.registry.model.domain.DomainAuthInfo;
 import google.registry.model.domain.DomainHistory;
@@ -115,6 +118,9 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 /** Unit tests for {@link DomainUpdateFlow}. */
 class DomainUpdateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainUpdateFlow, Domain> {
 
+  private static final String SHA_256_DIGEST =
+      "D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A";
+
   private static final DomainDsData SOME_DSDATA =
       DomainDsData.create(
           1,
@@ -125,8 +131,8 @@ class DomainUpdateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainUpdateFlow, Domain
       ImmutableMap.of(
           "KEY_TAG", "12346",
           "ALG", "3",
-          "DIGEST_TYPE", "1",
-          "DIGEST", "A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3");
+          "DIGEST_TYPE", "2",
+          "DIGEST", SHA_256_DIGEST);
 
   @BeforeEach
   void beforeEach() {
@@ -453,18 +459,9 @@ class DomainUpdateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainUpdateFlow, Domain
     doSecDnsSuccessfulTest(
         "domain_update_dsdata_add.xml",
         null,
-        ImmutableSet.of(
-            DomainDsData.create(
-                12346, 3, 1, base16().decode("A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"))),
+        ImmutableSet.of(DomainDsData.create(12346, 3, 2, base16().decode(SHA_256_DIGEST))),
         ImmutableMap.of(
-            "KEY_TAG",
-            "12346",
-            "ALG",
-            "3",
-            "DIGEST_TYPE",
-            "1",
-            "DIGEST",
-            "A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"),
+            "KEY_TAG", "12346", "ALG", "3", "DIGEST_TYPE", "2", "DIGEST", SHA_256_DIGEST),
         true);
   }
 
@@ -474,18 +471,9 @@ class DomainUpdateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainUpdateFlow, Domain
         "domain_update_dsdata_add.xml",
         ImmutableSet.of(SOME_DSDATA),
         ImmutableSet.of(
-            SOME_DSDATA,
-            DomainDsData.create(
-                12346, 3, 1, base16().decode("A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"))),
+            SOME_DSDATA, DomainDsData.create(12346, 3, 2, base16().decode(SHA_256_DIGEST))),
         ImmutableMap.of(
-            "KEY_TAG",
-            "12346",
-            "ALG",
-            "3",
-            "DIGEST_TYPE",
-            "1",
-            "DIGEST",
-            "A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"),
+            "KEY_TAG", "12346", "ALG", "3", "DIGEST_TYPE", "2", "DIGEST", SHA_256_DIGEST),
         true);
   }
 
@@ -660,11 +648,7 @@ class DomainUpdateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainUpdateFlow, Domain
             union(
                 commonDsData,
                 ImmutableSet.of(
-                    DomainDsData.create(
-                        12346,
-                        3,
-                        1,
-                        base16().decode("A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"))))),
+                    DomainDsData.create(12346, 3, 2, base16().decode(SHA_256_DIGEST))))),
         true);
   }
 
@@ -673,9 +657,7 @@ class DomainUpdateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainUpdateFlow, Domain
     doSecDnsSuccessfulTest(
         "domain_update_dsdata_rem.xml",
         ImmutableSet.of(
-            SOME_DSDATA,
-            DomainDsData.create(
-                12346, 3, 1, base16().decode("A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"))),
+            SOME_DSDATA, DomainDsData.create(12346, 3, 2, base16().decode(SHA_256_DIGEST))),
         ImmutableSet.of(SOME_DSDATA),
         true);
   }
@@ -686,9 +668,7 @@ class DomainUpdateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainUpdateFlow, Domain
     doSecDnsSuccessfulTest(
         "domain_update_dsdata_rem_all.xml",
         ImmutableSet.of(
-            SOME_DSDATA,
-            DomainDsData.create(
-                12346, 3, 1, base16().decode("A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"))),
+            SOME_DSDATA, DomainDsData.create(12346, 3, 2, base16().decode(SHA_256_DIGEST))),
         ImmutableSet.of(),
         true);
   }
@@ -698,13 +678,9 @@ class DomainUpdateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainUpdateFlow, Domain
     doSecDnsSuccessfulTest(
         "domain_update_dsdata_add_rem.xml",
         ImmutableSet.of(
-            SOME_DSDATA,
-            DomainDsData.create(
-                12345, 3, 1, base16().decode("A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"))),
+            SOME_DSDATA, DomainDsData.create(12345, 3, 2, base16().decode(SHA_256_DIGEST))),
         ImmutableSet.of(
-            SOME_DSDATA,
-            DomainDsData.create(
-                12346, 3, 1, base16().decode("A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"))),
+            SOME_DSDATA, DomainDsData.create(12346, 3, 2, base16().decode(SHA_256_DIGEST))),
         true);
   }
 
@@ -727,20 +703,12 @@ class DomainUpdateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainUpdateFlow, Domain
             union(
                 commonDsData,
                 ImmutableSet.of(
-                    DomainDsData.create(
-                        12345,
-                        3,
-                        1,
-                        base16().decode("A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"))))),
+                    DomainDsData.create(12345, 3, 2, base16().decode(SHA_256_DIGEST))))),
         ImmutableSet.copyOf(
             union(
                 commonDsData,
                 ImmutableSet.of(
-                    DomainDsData.create(
-                        12346,
-                        3,
-                        1,
-                        base16().decode("A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"))))),
+                    DomainDsData.create(12346, 3, 2, base16().decode(SHA_256_DIGEST))))),
         true);
   }
 
@@ -915,6 +883,49 @@ class DomainUpdateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainUpdateFlow, Domain
     assertAboutEppExceptions().that(thrown).marshalsToXml();
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void testFailure_secDnsSha1DigestType() throws Exception {
+    setEppInput(
+        "domain_update_dsdata_add.xml",
+        ImmutableMap.of(
+            "KEY_TAG", "12346",
+            "ALG", "3",
+            "DIGEST_TYPE", "1",
+            "DIGEST", "A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"));
+    persistResource(DatabaseHelper.newDomain(getUniqueIdFromCommand()));
+    DatabaseHelper.persistResource(
+        new FeatureFlag.Builder()
+            .setFeatureName(FORBID_INSECURE_ALGORITHMS_RFC_9904)
+            .setStatusMap(ImmutableSortedMap.of(START_INSTANT, FeatureStatus.ACTIVE))
+            .build());
+    EppException thrown = assertThrows(InvalidDsRecordException.class, this::runFlow);
+    assertAboutEppExceptions().that(thrown).marshalsToXml();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testSuccess_secDnsSha1_flagInactive() throws Exception {
+    setEppInput(
+        "domain_update_dsdata_add.xml",
+        ImmutableMap.of(
+            "KEY_TAG", "12346",
+            "ALG", "3",
+            "DIGEST_TYPE", "1",
+            "DIGEST", "A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3"));
+    persistResource(DatabaseHelper.newDomain(getUniqueIdFromCommand()));
+    DatabaseHelper.persistResource(
+        new FeatureFlag.Builder()
+            .setFeatureName(FORBID_INSECURE_ALGORITHMS_RFC_9904)
+            .setStatusMap(ImmutableSortedMap.of(START_INSTANT, FeatureStatus.INACTIVE))
+            .build());
+    runFlow();
+    Domain domain = reloadResourceByForeignKey();
+    assertAboutDomains()
+        .that(domain)
+        .hasExactlyDsData(
+            DomainDsData.create(
+                12346, 3, 1, base16().decode("A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3")));
+  }
+
   @Test
   void testFailure_secDnsMultipleInvalidDigestTypes() throws Exception {
     setEppInput("domain_update_dsdata_add.xml", OTHER_DSDATA_TEMPLATE_MAP);
@@ -938,7 +949,7 @@ class DomainUpdateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainUpdateFlow, Domain
     persistResource(
         DatabaseHelper.newDomain(getUniqueIdFromCommand())
             .asBuilder()
-            .setDsData(ImmutableSet.of(DomainDsData.create(1, 2, 1, new byte[] {0, 1, 2})))
+            .setDsData(ImmutableSet.of(DomainDsData.create(1, 2, 2, new byte[] {0, 1, 2})))
             .build());
     EppException thrown = assertThrows(InvalidDsRecordException.class, this::runFlow);
     assertAboutEppExceptions().that(thrown).marshalsToXml();
@@ -955,7 +966,7 @@ class DomainUpdateFlowTest extends ResourceFlowTestCase<DomainUpdateFlow, Domain
             .asBuilder()
             .setDsData(
                 ImmutableSet.of(
-                    DomainDsData.create(1, 2, 1, new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}),
+                    DomainDsData.create(1, 2, 2, new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}),
                     DomainDsData.create(2, 2, 2, new byte[] {5, 6, 7})))
             .build());
     EppException thrown = assertThrows(InvalidDsRecordException.class, this::runFlow);

core/src/test/java/google/registry/request/JsonResponseTest.java

@@ -18,17 +18,21 @@ import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static google.registry.request.JsonResponse.JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
 import google.registry.testing.FakeResponse;
+import google.registry.tools.GsonUtils;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.Map;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link JsonResponse}. */
 class JsonResponseTest {
 
+  private static final Gson GSON = GsonUtils.provideGson();
+
   private FakeResponse fakeResponse = new FakeResponse();
-  private JsonResponse jsonResponse = new JsonResponse(fakeResponse);
+  private JsonResponse jsonResponse = new JsonResponse(fakeResponse, GSON);
 
   @Test
   void testSetStatus() {
@@ -44,9 +48,8 @@ class JsonResponseTest {
     jsonResponse.setPayload(responseValues);
     String payload = fakeResponse.getPayload();
     assertThat(payload).startsWith(JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX);
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    Map<String, Object> responseMap = (Map<String, Object>)
-        JSONValue.parse(payload.substring(JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX.length()));
+    Map<String, Object> responseMap =
+        GSON.fromJson(payload.substring(JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX.length()), new TypeToken<>() {});
     assertThat(responseMap).containsExactlyEntriesIn(responseValues);
   }
 

core/src/test/java/google/registry/request/RequestModuleTest.java

@@ -19,21 +19,26 @@ import static google.registry.request.RequestModule.provideJsonPayload;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 
 import com.google.common.net.MediaType;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import google.registry.request.HttpException.BadRequestException;
 import google.registry.request.HttpException.UnsupportedMediaTypeException;
+import google.registry.tools.GsonUtils;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link RequestModule}. */
 final class RequestModuleTest {
 
+  private static final Gson GSON = GsonUtils.provideGson();
+
   @Test
   void testProvideJsonPayload() {
-    assertThat(provideJsonPayload(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8, "{\"k\":\"v\"}")).containsExactly("k", "v");
+    assertThat(provideJsonPayload(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8, "{\"k\":\"v\"}", GSON))
+        .containsExactly("k", "v");
   }
 
   @Test
   void testProvideJsonPayload_contentTypeWithoutCharsetAllowed() {
-    assertThat(provideJsonPayload(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8.withoutParameters(), "{\"k\":\"v\"}"))
+    assertThat(provideJsonPayload(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8.withoutParameters(), "{\"k\":\"v\"}", GSON))
         .containsExactly("k", "v");
   }
 
@@ -41,14 +46,16 @@ final class RequestModuleTest {
   void testProvideJsonPayload_malformedInput_throws500() {
     BadRequestException thrown =
         assertThrows(
-            BadRequestException.class, () -> provideJsonPayload(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8, "{\"k\":"));
+            BadRequestException.class,
+            () -> provideJsonPayload(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8, "{\"k\":", GSON));
     assertThat(thrown).hasMessageThat().contains("Malformed JSON");
   }
 
   @Test
   void testProvideJsonPayload_emptyInput_throws500() {
     BadRequestException thrown =
-        assertThrows(BadRequestException.class, () -> provideJsonPayload(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8, ""));
+        assertThrows(
+            BadRequestException.class, () -> provideJsonPayload(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8, "", GSON));
     assertThat(thrown).hasMessageThat().contains("Malformed JSON");
   }
 
@@ -56,13 +63,13 @@ final class RequestModuleTest {
   void testProvideJsonPayload_nonJsonContentType_throws415() {
     assertThrows(
         UnsupportedMediaTypeException.class,
-        () -> provideJsonPayload(MediaType.PLAIN_TEXT_UTF_8, "{}"));
+        () -> provideJsonPayload(MediaType.PLAIN_TEXT_UTF_8, "{}", GSON));
   }
 
   @Test
   void testProvideJsonPayload_contentTypeWithWeirdParam_throws415() {
     assertThrows(
         UnsupportedMediaTypeException.class,
-        () -> provideJsonPayload(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8.withParameter("omg", "handel"), "{}"));
+        () -> provideJsonPayload(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8.withParameter("omg", "handel"), "{}", GSON));
   }
 }

core/src/test/java/google/registry/security/JsonHttpTestUtils.java

@@ -20,21 +20,25 @@ import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertWithMessage;
 import static google.registry.security.JsonHttp.JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX;
 
 import com.google.common.base.Supplier;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
+import google.registry.tools.GsonUtils;
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.StringReader;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
 import java.util.Map;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
-import org.json.simple.parser.ParseException;
 
 /**
  * Helper class for testing JSON RPC servlets.
  */
 public final class JsonHttpTestUtils {
 
+  private static final Gson GSON = GsonUtils.provideGson();
+
   /** Returns JSON payload for mocked result of {@code rsp.getReader()}. */
   public static BufferedReader createJsonPayload(Map<String, ?> object) {
-    return createJsonPayload(JSONValue.toJSONString(object));
+    return createJsonPayload(GSON.toJson(object));
   }
 
   /** @see #createJsonPayload(Map) */
@@ -58,10 +62,8 @@ public final class JsonHttpTestUtils {
     assertThat(jsonText).startsWith(JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX);
     jsonText = jsonText.substring(JSON_SAFETY_PREFIX.length());
     try {
-      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-      Map<String, Object> json = (Map<String, Object>) JSONValue.parseWithException(jsonText);
-      return json;
-    } catch (ClassCastException | ParseException e) {
+      return GSON.fromJson(jsonText, new TypeToken<>() {});
+    } catch (ClassCastException | JsonSyntaxException e) {
       assertWithMessage("Bad JSON: %s\n%s", e.getMessage(), jsonText).fail();
       throw new AssertionError();
     }

core/src/test/java/google/registry/server/RegistryTestServer.java

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public final class RegistryTestServer {
 
   public static final ImmutableMap<String, Path> RUNFILES =
       new ImmutableMap.Builder<String, Path>()
-          .put("/console/*", PROJECT_ROOT.resolve("console-webapp/staged/dist"))
+          .put("/console/*", PROJECT_ROOT.resolve("console-webapp/staged/dist/browser"))
           .build();
 
   public static final ImmutableList<Route> ROUTES =

core/src/test/java/google/registry/testing/FakeJsonResponse.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package google.registry.testing;
 
 import google.registry.request.JsonResponse;
+import google.registry.tools.GsonUtils;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 /** Fake implementation of {@link JsonResponse} for testing. */
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ public final class FakeJsonResponse extends JsonResponse {
   private Map<String, ?> responseMap;
 
   public FakeJsonResponse() {
-    super(new FakeResponse());
+    super(new FakeResponse(), GsonUtils.provideGson());
   }
 
   @Override

core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/CreateDomainCommandTest.java

@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ class CreateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<CreateDomainCommand
         "--period=1",
         "--nameservers=ns1.zdns.google,ns2.zdns.google,ns3.zdns.google,ns4.zdns.google",
         "--password=2fooBAR",
-        "--ds_records=1 2 2 9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08,4 5 1"
-            + " A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+        "--ds_records=1 2 2 9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08,4 5 2"
+            + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "--ds_records=60485 5  2  D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "example.tld");
     eppVerifier.verifySent("domain_create_complete.xml");
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ class CreateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<CreateDomainCommand
         "--period=1",
         "--nameservers=NS1.zdns.google,ns2.ZDNS.google,ns3.zdns.gOOglE,ns4.zdns.google",
         "--password=2fooBAR",
-        "--ds_records=1 2 2 9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08,4 5 1"
-            + " A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+        "--ds_records=1 2 2 9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08,4 5 2"
+            + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "--ds_records=60485 5  2  D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "example.tld");
     eppVerifier.verifySent("domain_create_complete.xml");
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ class CreateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<CreateDomainCommand
         "--period=1",
         "--nameservers=ns[1-4].zdns.google",
         "--password=2fooBAR",
-        "--ds_records=1 2 2 9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08,4 5 1"
-            + " A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+        "--ds_records=1 2 2 9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08,4 5 2"
+            + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "--ds_records=60485 5  2  D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "example.tld");
     eppVerifier.verifySent("domain_create_complete.xml");
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ class CreateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<CreateDomainCommand
         "--period=1",
         "--nameservers=NS[1-4].zdns.google",
         "--password=2fooBAR",
-        "--ds_records=1 2 2 9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08,4 5 1"
-            + " A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+        "--ds_records=1 2 2 9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08,4 5 2"
+            + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "--ds_records=60485 5  2  D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "example.tld");
     eppVerifier.verifySent("domain_create_complete.xml");
@@ -286,9 +286,7 @@ class CreateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<CreateDomainCommand
             IllegalArgumentException.class,
             () ->
                 runCommandForced(
-                    "--client=NewRegistrar",
-                    "--ds_records=1 2 1 abcd",
-                    "example.tld"));
+                    "--client=NewRegistrar", "--ds_records=1 2 2 abcd", "example.tld"));
     assertThat(thrown).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("DS record has an invalid digest length: ABCD");
   }
 

core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/DigestTypeTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Nomulus Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package google.registry.tools;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link DigestType}. */
+class DigestTypeTest {
+
+  @Test
+  void testFromWireValue_sha1_returnsSha1() {
+    assertThat(DigestType.fromWireValue(1)).hasValue(DigestType.SHA1);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFromWireValue_sha256_returnsSha256() {
+    assertThat(DigestType.fromWireValue(2)).hasValue(DigestType.SHA256);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFromWireValue_gost_returnsEmpty() {
+    assertThat(DigestType.fromWireValue(3)).isEmpty();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFromWireValue_sha384_returnsSha384() {
+    assertThat(DigestType.fromWireValue(4)).hasValue(DigestType.SHA384);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFromWireValue_invalid_returnsEmpty() {
+    assertThat(DigestType.fromWireValue(5)).isEmpty();
+  }
+}

core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/GcpProjectConnectionTest.java

@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ final class GcpProjectConnectionTest {
     when(lowLevelHttpResponse.getStatusCode()).thenReturn(200);
 
     httpTransport = new TestHttpTransport();
-    connection = new ServiceConnection(false, httpTransport.createRequestFactory());
+    connection =
+        new ServiceConnection(false, httpTransport.createRequestFactory(), GsonUtils.provideGson());
   }
 
   @Test

core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/GenerateDnsReportCommandTest.java

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
 import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
 import com.google.common.net.InetAddresses;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import google.registry.model.domain.Domain;
 import google.registry.model.domain.secdns.DomainDsData;
 import google.registry.model.eppcommon.StatusValue;
@@ -41,19 +42,19 @@ import java.io.Reader;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.List;
-import org.json.simple.JSONValue;
-import org.json.simple.parser.ParseException;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link GenerateDnsReportCommand}. */
 class GenerateDnsReportCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<GenerateDnsReportCommand> {
 
+  private static final Gson GSON = GsonUtils.provideGson();
+
   private Path output;
 
-  private Object getOutputAsJson() throws IOException, ParseException {
+  private Object getOutputAsJson() throws IOException {
     try (Reader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(output, UTF_8)) {
-      return JSONValue.parseWithException(reader);
+      return GSON.fromJson(reader, Object.class);
     }
   }
 
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ class GenerateDnsReportCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<GenerateDnsReportComm
   void beforeEach() {
     output = tmpDir.resolve("out.dat");
     command.clock = fakeClock;
+    command.gson = GSON;
 
     createTlds("xn--q9jyb4c", "example");
     nameserver1 =

core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/ServiceConnectionTest.java

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequest;
 import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestFactory;
 import com.google.api.client.http.HttpResponse;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import google.registry.request.Action.Service;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@@ -33,10 +34,12 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 /** Unit tests for {@link google.registry.tools.ServiceConnection}. */
 public class ServiceConnectionTest {
 
+  private static final Gson GSON = GsonUtils.provideGson();
+
   @Test
   void testSuccess_serverUrl_notCanary() {
     ServiceConnection connection =
-        new ServiceConnection(false, null).withService(Service.FRONTEND, false);
+        new ServiceConnection(false, null, GSON).withService(Service.FRONTEND, false);
     String serverUrl = connection.getServer().toString();
     assertThat(serverUrl).isEqualTo("https://frontend.registry.test"); // See default-config.yaml
   }
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ public class ServiceConnectionTest {
     when(request.execute()).thenReturn(response);
     when(response.getContent()).thenReturn(ByteArrayInputStream.nullInputStream());
     ServiceConnection connection =
-        new ServiceConnection(false, factory).withService(Service.PUBAPI, true);
+        new ServiceConnection(false, factory, GSON).withService(Service.PUBAPI, true);
     String serverUrl = connection.getServer().toString();
     assertThat(serverUrl).isEqualTo("https://pubapi.registry.test");
     connection.sendGetRequest("/path", ImmutableMap.of());

core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/UniformRapidSuspensionCommandTest.java

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class UniformRapidSuspensionCommandTest
     runCommandForced(
         "--domain_name=evil.tld",
         "--hosts=urs1.example.com,urs2.example.com",
-        "--dsdata=1 1 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+        "--dsdata=1 1 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "--renew_one_year=false");
     eppVerifier
         .expectRegistrarId("CharlestonRoad")
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class UniformRapidSuspensionCommandTest
     runCommandForced(
         "--domain_name=evil.tld",
         "--hosts=urs1.example.com,urs2.example.com",
-        "--dsdata=1 1 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+        "--dsdata=1 1 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "--renew_one_year=false");
     eppVerifier
         .expectRegistrarId("CharlestonRoad")
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class UniformRapidSuspensionCommandTest
     runCommandForced(
         "--domain_name=evil.tld",
         "--hosts=urs1.example.com,urs2.example.com",
-        "--dsdata=1 1 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+        "--dsdata=1 1 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "--renew_one_year=false");
     eppVerifier
         .expectRegistrarId("CharlestonRoad")
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class UniformRapidSuspensionCommandTest
     runCommandForced(
         "--domain_name=evil.tld",
         "--hosts=URS[1-2].example.com",
-        "--dsdata=1 1 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+        "--dsdata=1 1 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "--renew_one_year=false");
     eppVerifier
         .expectRegistrarId("CharlestonRoad")

core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/UpdateDomainCommandTest.java

@@ -76,10 +76,11 @@ class UpdateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<UpdateDomainCommand
         "--add_nameservers=ns1.zdns.google,ns2.zdns.google",
         "--add_statuses=serverDeleteProhibited",
         "--add_ds_records=1 2 2 9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08,4"
-            + " 5 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+            + " 5 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "--remove_nameservers=ns3.zdns.google,ns4.zdns.google",
         "--remove_statuses=serverHold",
-        "--remove_ds_records=7 8 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3,6 5 4"
+        "--remove_ds_records=7 8 2"
+            + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A,6 5 4"
             + " 768412320F7B0AA5812FCE428DC4706B3CAE50E02A64CAA16A782249BFE8EFC4B7EF1CCB126255D196047DFEDF17A0A9",
         "--password=2fooBAR",
         "example.tld");
@@ -93,10 +94,11 @@ class UpdateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<UpdateDomainCommand
         "--add_nameservers=NS[1-2].zdns.google",
         "--add_statuses=serverDeleteProhibited",
         "--add_ds_records=1 2 2 9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08,4"
-            + " 5 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+            + " 5 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "--remove_nameservers=ns[3-4].zdns.google",
         "--remove_statuses=serverHold",
-        "--remove_ds_records=7 8 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3,6 5 4"
+        "--remove_ds_records=7 8 2"
+            + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A,6 5 4"
             + " 768412320F7B0AA5812FCE428DC4706B3CAE50E02A64CAA16A782249BFE8EFC4B7EF1CCB126255D196047DFEDF17A0A9",
         "--password=2fooBAR",
         "example.tld");
@@ -112,10 +114,11 @@ class UpdateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<UpdateDomainCommand
         "--add_nameservers=ns1.zdns.google,ns2.zdns.google",
         "--add_statuses=serverDeleteProhibited",
         "--add_ds_records=1 2 2 9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08,4"
-            + " 5 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+            + " 5 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "--remove_nameservers=ns[3-4].zdns.google",
         "--remove_statuses=serverHold",
-        "--remove_ds_records=7 8 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3,6 5 4"
+        "--remove_ds_records=7 8 2"
+            + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A,6 5 4"
             + " 768412320F7B0AA5812FCE428DC4706B3CAE50E02A64CAA16A782249BFE8EFC4B7EF1CCB126255D196047DFEDF17A0A9",
         "--password=2fooBAR",
         "example.tld",
@@ -163,7 +166,7 @@ class UpdateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<UpdateDomainCommand
         "--add_nameservers=ns2.zdns.google,ns3.zdns.google",
         "--add_statuses=serverDeleteProhibited",
         "--add_ds_records=1 2 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A,4"
-            + " 5 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+            + " 5 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "example.tld");
     eppVerifier.verifySent("domain_update_add.xml");
   }
@@ -174,7 +177,8 @@ class UpdateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<UpdateDomainCommand
         "--client=NewRegistrar",
         "--remove_nameservers=ns4.zdns.google",
         "--remove_statuses=serverHold",
-        "--remove_ds_records=7 8 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3,6 5 4"
+        "--remove_ds_records=7 8 2"
+            + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A,6 5 4"
             + " 768412320F7B0AA5812FCE428DC4706B3CAE50E02A64CAA16A782249BFE8EFC4B7EF1CCB126255D196047DFEDF17A0A9",
         "example.tld");
     eppVerifier.verifySent("domain_update_remove.xml");
@@ -230,8 +234,8 @@ class UpdateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<UpdateDomainCommand
   void testSuccess_setDsRecords() throws Exception {
     runCommandForced(
         "--client=NewRegistrar",
-        "--ds_records=1 2 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A,4 5 1"
-            + " A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+        "--ds_records=1 2 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A,4 5 2"
+            + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "example.tld");
     eppVerifier.verifySent("domain_update_set_ds_records.xml");
   }
@@ -240,8 +244,8 @@ class UpdateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<UpdateDomainCommand
   void testSuccess_setDsRecords_withUnneededClear() throws Exception {
     runCommandForced(
         "--client=NewRegistrar",
-        "--ds_records=1 2 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A,4 5 1"
-            + " A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+        "--ds_records=1 2 2 D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A,4 5 2"
+            + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
         "--clear_ds_records",
         "example.tld");
     eppVerifier.verifySent("domain_update_set_ds_records.xml");
@@ -538,9 +542,7 @@ class UpdateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<UpdateDomainCommand
             IllegalArgumentException.class,
             () ->
                 runCommandForced(
-                    "--client=NewRegistrar",
-                    "--ds_records=1 2 1 abcd",
-                    "example.tld"));
+                    "--client=NewRegistrar", "--ds_records=1 2 2 abcd", "example.tld"));
     assertThat(thrown).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("DS record has an invalid digest length: ABCD");
   }
 
@@ -554,7 +556,8 @@ class UpdateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<UpdateDomainCommand
                     "--client=NewRegistrar",
                     "--add_ds_records=1 2 2"
                         + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
-                    "--ds_records=4 5 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+                    "--ds_records=4 5 2"
+                        + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
                     "example.tld"));
     assertThat(thrown)
         .hasMessageThat()
@@ -571,8 +574,10 @@ class UpdateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<UpdateDomainCommand
             () ->
                 runCommandForced(
                     "--client=NewRegistrar",
-                    "--remove_ds_records=7 8 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
-                    "--ds_records=4 5 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+                    "--remove_ds_records=7 8 2"
+                        + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
+                    "--ds_records=4 5 2"
+                        + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
                     "example.tld"));
     assertThat(thrown)
         .hasMessageThat()
@@ -608,7 +613,8 @@ class UpdateDomainCommandTest extends EppToolCommandTestCase<UpdateDomainCommand
             () ->
                 runCommandForced(
                     "--client=NewRegistrar",
-                    "--remove_ds_records=7 8 1 A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3",
+                    "--remove_ds_records=7 8 2"
+                        + " D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A",
                     "--clear_ds_records",
                     "example.tld"));
     assertThat(thrown)

core/src/test/java/google/registry/ui/server/console/ConsoleOteActionTest.java

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
 import google.registry.model.OteStatsTestHelper;
 import google.registry.model.console.GlobalRole;
 import google.registry.model.console.User;
@@ -44,7 +45,6 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-import org.json.simple.JSONArray;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class ConsoleOteActionTest extends ConsoleActionBaseTestCase {
             Optional.of(new OteCreateData("theregistrar", "contact@registry.example")));
     action.cloudTasksUtils = cloudTasksHelper.getTestCloudTasksUtils();
     action.run();
-    var obsResponse = GSON.fromJson(response.getPayload(), Map.class);
+    Map<String, Object> obsResponse = GSON.fromJson(response.getPayload(), new TypeToken<>() {});
     assertThat(
             ImmutableMap.of(
                 "theregistrar-1", "theregistrar-sunrise",
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class ConsoleOteActionTest extends ConsoleActionBaseTestCase {
             Action.Method.GET, authResult, "theregistrar-1", Optional.empty(), Optional.empty());
     action.run();
 
-    List<Map<String, ?>> responseMaps = GSON.fromJson(response.getPayload(), JSONArray.class);
+    List<Map<String, ?>> responseMaps = GSON.fromJson(response.getPayload(), new TypeToken<>() {});
     assertThat(response.getStatus()).isEqualTo(SC_OK);
     assertTrue(
         responseMaps.stream().allMatch(status -> Boolean.TRUE.equals(status.get("completed"))));
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class ConsoleOteActionTest extends ConsoleActionBaseTestCase {
             Action.Method.GET, authResult, "theregistrar-1", Optional.empty(), Optional.empty());
     action.run();
 
-    List<Map<String, ?>> responseMaps = GSON.fromJson(response.getPayload(), JSONArray.class);
+    List<Map<String, ?>> responseMaps = GSON.fromJson(response.getPayload(), new TypeToken<>() {});
     assertThat(response.getStatus()).isEqualTo(SC_OK);
     assertThat(
             responseMaps.stream()

core/src/test/java/google/registry/webdriver/ConsoleScreenshotTest.java

@@ -174,7 +174,9 @@ public class ConsoleScreenshotTest {
     // Script that set cursor to transparent to prevent blanking cursor flakiness when comparing
     // screenshots
     String script =
-        "document.styleSheets[0].insertRule(\"html * {caret-color: transparent !important;}\")";
+        "var style = document.createElement('style');"
+            + "style.innerHTML = 'html * {caret-color: transparent !important;}';"
+            + "document.head.appendChild(style);";
     driver.executeScript(script);
   }
 

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/flows/domain/domain_create_dsdata_8_records.xml

@@ -22,50 +22,50 @@
         <secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:keyTag>12345</secDNS:keyTag>
           <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-          <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-          <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+          <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+          <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
         </secDNS:dsData>
         <secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:keyTag>12346</secDNS:keyTag>
           <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-          <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-          <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+          <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+          <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
         </secDNS:dsData>
         <secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:keyTag>12347</secDNS:keyTag>
           <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-          <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-          <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+          <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+          <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
         </secDNS:dsData>
         <secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:keyTag>12348</secDNS:keyTag>
           <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-          <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-          <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+          <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+          <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
         </secDNS:dsData>
         <secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:keyTag>12349</secDNS:keyTag>
           <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-          <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-          <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+          <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+          <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
         </secDNS:dsData>
         <secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:keyTag>12350</secDNS:keyTag>
           <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-          <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-          <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+          <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+          <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
         </secDNS:dsData>
         <secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:keyTag>12351</secDNS:keyTag>
           <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-          <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-          <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+          <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+          <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
         </secDNS:dsData>
         <secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:keyTag>12352</secDNS:keyTag>
           <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-          <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-          <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+          <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+          <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
         </secDNS:dsData>
       </secDNS:create>
     </extension>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/flows/domain/domain_create_dsdata_no_maxsiglife.xml

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
         <secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:keyTag>12345</secDNS:keyTag>
           <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-          <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-          <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+          <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+          <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
         </secDNS:dsData>
       </secDNS:create>
     </extension>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/flows/domain/domain_create_dsdata_sha1.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<epp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:epp-1.0"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
+  <command>
+    <create>
+      <domain:create
+          xmlns:domain="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:domain-1.0">
+        <domain:name>example.tld</domain:name>
+        <domain:period unit="y">2</domain:period>
+        <domain:ns>
+          <domain:hostObj>ns1.example.net</domain:hostObj>
+          <domain:hostObj>ns2.example.net</domain:hostObj>
+        </domain:ns>
+        <domain:authInfo>
+          <domain:pw>2fooBAR</domain:pw>
+        </domain:authInfo>
+      </domain:create>
+    </create>
+    <extension>
+      <secDNS:create
+          xmlns:secDNS="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:secDNS-1.1">
+        <secDNS:dsData>
+          <secDNS:keyTag>12345</secDNS:keyTag>
+          <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
+          <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
+          <secDNS:digest>49FD46E6C4B45C55D4AC49FD46E6C4B45C55D4AC</secDNS:digest>
+        </secDNS:dsData>
+      </secDNS:create>
+    </extension>
+    <clTRID>ABC-12345</clTRID>
+  </command>
+</epp>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/flows/domain/domain_update_dsdata_add_rem.xml

@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>12345</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
         </secDNS:rem>
         <secDNS:add>
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>12346</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
         </secDNS:add>
       </secDNS:update>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/flows/domain/domain_update_dsdata_rem.xml

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>12346</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
         </secDNS:rem>
       </secDNS:update>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/flows/domain_update_dsdata_add.xml

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>12346</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
         </secDNS:add>
       </secDNS:update>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/flows/domain_update_dsdata_rem.xml

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>12346</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>3</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
         </secDNS:rem>
       </secDNS:update>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/tools/server/domain_create_complete.xml

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
         <secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:keyTag>4</secDNS:keyTag>
           <secDNS:alg>5</secDNS:alg>
-          <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-          <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+          <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+          <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
         </secDNS:dsData>
         <secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:keyTag>60485</secDNS:keyTag>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/tools/server/domain_create_sha1.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<epp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:epp-1.0">
+  <command>
+    <create>
+      <domain:create
+       xmlns:domain="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:domain-1.0">
+        <domain:name>example.tld</domain:name>
+        <domain:period unit="y">1</domain:period>
+        <domain:ns>
+          <domain:hostObj>ns1.zdns.google</domain:hostObj>
+          <domain:hostObj>ns2.zdns.google</domain:hostObj>
+          <domain:hostObj>ns3.zdns.google</domain:hostObj>
+          <domain:hostObj>ns4.zdns.google</domain:hostObj>
+        </domain:ns>
+        <domain:authInfo>
+          <domain:pw>2fooBAR</domain:pw>
+        </domain:authInfo>
+      </domain:create>
+    </create>
+    <extension>
+      <secDNS:create xmlns:secDNS="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:secDNS-1.1">
+        <secDNS:dsData>
+          <secDNS:keyTag>1</secDNS:keyTag>
+          <secDNS:alg>2</secDNS:alg>
+          <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
+          <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+        </secDNS:dsData>
+      </secDNS:create>
+    </extension>
+    <clTRID>RegistryTool</clTRID>
+  </command>
+</epp>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/tools/server/domain_update_add.xml

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>4</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>5</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
         </secDNS:add>
       </secDNS:update>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/tools/server/domain_update_complete.xml

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>7</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>8</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>6</secDNS:keyTag>
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>4</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>5</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
         </secDNS:add>
       </secDNS:update>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/tools/server/domain_update_complete_abc.xml

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>7</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>8</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>6</secDNS:keyTag>
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>4</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>5</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
         </secDNS:add>
       </secDNS:update>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/tools/server/domain_update_remove.xml

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>7</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>8</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>6</secDNS:keyTag>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/tools/server/domain_update_set_ds_records.xml

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>4</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>5</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
         </secDNS:add>
       </secDNS:update>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/tools/server/domain_update_sha1.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<epp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:epp-1.0">
+  <command>
+    <update>
+      <domain:update
+       xmlns:domain="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:domain-1.0">
+        <domain:name>example.tld</domain:name>
+        <domain:add>
+          <domain:ns>
+            <domain:hostObj>ns2.zdns.google</domain:hostObj>
+            <domain:hostObj>ns3.zdns.google</domain:hostObj>
+          </domain:ns>
+          <domain:status s="serverDeleteProhibited"/>
+        </domain:add>
+      </domain:update>
+    </update>
+    <extension>
+      <secDNS:update xmlns:secDNS="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:secDNS-1.1">
+        <secDNS:add>
+          <secDNS:dsData>
+            <secDNS:keyTag>1</secDNS:keyTag>
+            <secDNS:alg>2</secDNS:alg>
+            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+          </secDNS:dsData>
+        </secDNS:add>
+      </secDNS:update>
+    </extension>
+    <clTRID>RegistryTool</clTRID>
+  </command>
+</epp>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/tools/server/uniform_rapid_suspension.xml

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>1</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>1</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
         </secDNS:add>
       </secDNS:update>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/tools/server/uniform_rapid_suspension_with_client_hold.xml

@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>1</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>1</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
         </secDNS:add>
       </secDNS:update>

core/src/test/resources/google/registry/tools/server/uniform_rapid_suspension_with_forbid_delete.xml

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
           <secDNS:dsData>
             <secDNS:keyTag>1</secDNS:keyTag>
             <secDNS:alg>1</secDNS:alg>
-            <secDNS:digestType>1</secDNS:digestType>
-            <secDNS:digest>A94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3</secDNS:digest>
+            <secDNS:digestType>2</secDNS:digestType>
+            <secDNS:digest>D4B7D520E7BB5F0F67674A0CCEB1E3E0614B93C4F9E99B8383F6A1E4469DA50A</secDNS:digest>
           </secDNS:dsData>
         </secDNS:add>
       </secDNS:update>

db/src/main/resources/sql/schema/db-schema.sql.generated

@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@
     );
 
     create table "FeatureFlag" (
-        feature_name text not null check ((feature_name in ('TEST_FEATURE','FEE_EXTENSION_1_DOT_0_IN_PROD','MINIMUM_DATASET_CONTACTS_OPTIONAL','MINIMUM_DATASET_CONTACTS_PROHIBITED','INCLUDE_PENDING_DELETE_DATE_FOR_DOMAINS','PROHIBIT_CONTACT_OBJECTS_ON_LOGIN'))),
+        feature_name text not null check ((feature_name in ('TEST_FEATURE','FEE_EXTENSION_1_DOT_0_IN_PROD','MINIMUM_DATASET_CONTACTS_OPTIONAL','MINIMUM_DATASET_CONTACTS_PROHIBITED','INCLUDE_PENDING_DELETE_DATE_FOR_DOMAINS','PROHIBIT_CONTACT_OBJECTS_ON_LOGIN','FORBID_INSECURE_ALGORITHMS_RFC_9904'))),
         status hstore not null,
         primary key (feature_name)
     );

dependencies.gradle

@@ -116,7 +116,6 @@ ext {
       'com.google.oauth-client:google-oauth-client:[1.31.4,)',
       'com.google.re2j:re2j:[1.6,)',
       'com.google.truth:truth:[1.1.2,)',
-      'com.googlecode.json-simple:json-simple:[1.1.1,)',
       'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:[4.10.0,)',
       'org.freemarker:freemarker:[2.3.32,)',
       'com.ibm.icu:icu4j:[68.2,)',

integration/build.gradle

@@ -77,35 +77,54 @@ task extractSqlIntegrationTestSuite (type: Copy) {
   }
 }
 
-// TODO(weiminyu): inherit from FilteringTest (defined in :core).
-task sqlIntegrationTest(type: Test) {
-  // Use JUnit 5 Platform for local tests since the suite has been migrated to @Suite.
-  // However, Kokoro runs cross-version compatibility tests against older, deployed nomulus
-  // artifacts that were compiled using the legacy JUnit 4 @RunWith(JUnitPlatform.class) runner.
-  // We must fall back to the classic JUnit 4 runner for those remote environments to prevent
-  // NoClassDefFoundError and test discovery failures.
-  // TODO: Remove this fallback and use useJUnitPlatform() unconditionally once all deployed
-  // environments (sandbox and production) are running a Nomulus release built after the
-  // JUnit 5 @Suite migration.
-  if (nomulus_env == USE_LOCAL) {
-    useJUnitPlatform()
-  } else {
-    useJUnit()
+task removeUnpackedTests {
+  doLast {
+    delete file(unpackedTestDir)
   }
+}
+
+task sqlIntegrationTestLegacy(type: Test) {
+  useJUnit()
   testClassesDirs = files(unpackedTestDir)
   classpath = configurations.testRuntimeClasspath
   include 'google/registry/schema/integration/SqlIntegrationTestSuite.*'
-
   dependsOn extractSqlIntegrationTestSuite
-
-  finalizedBy tasks.create('removeUnpackedTests') {
-    doLast {
-      delete file(unpackedTestDir)
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Disable incremental build/test since Gradle cannot detect changes
-  // in dependencies on its own. Will not fix since this test is typically
-  // run once (in presubmit or ci tests).
+  // Prevent build failures when evaluating newer JUnit 5 artifacts that have no JUnit 4 tests.
+  failOnNoDiscoveredTests = false
   outputs.upToDateWhen { false }
 }
+
+task sqlIntegrationTestModern(type: Test) {
+  useJUnitPlatform()
+  testClassesDirs = files(unpackedTestDir)
+  classpath = configurations.testRuntimeClasspath
+  include 'google/registry/schema/integration/SqlIntegrationTestSuite.*'
+  dependsOn extractSqlIntegrationTestSuite
+  // Prevent build failures when evaluating older JUnit 4 artifacts that have no JUnit 5 tests.
+  failOnNoDiscoveredTests = false
+  outputs.upToDateWhen { false }
+}
+
+// TODO(weiminyu): inherit from FilteringTest (defined in :core).
+task sqlIntegrationTest {
+  // Kokoro runs cross-version compatibility tests against both older deployed artifacts
+  // (which use the legacy JUnit 4 @RunWith wrapper) and newer deployed artifacts (which use
+  // the JUnit 5 @Suite annotation). We cannot statically configure the test runner because
+  // we do not know which runner the downloaded artifact expects, nor can we inject the
+  // modern junit-platform-suite engine dependency without causing a classpath collision
+  // with older embedded engine APIs.
+  // To solve this, we execute both test runners sequentially and ignore "no tests discovered"
+  // errors. The runner compatible with the artifact will discover and execute the tests,
+  // while the incompatible runner will safely no-op.
+  //
+  // TODO: Remove this split fallback once all deployed environments (sandbox, qa, production)
+  // are running a Nomulus release built after the JUnit 5 @Suite migration.
+  // When that happens:
+  // 1. Delete the 'sqlIntegrationTestLegacy' and 'sqlIntegrationTestModern' tasks entirely.
+  // 2. Change this task back to: task sqlIntegrationTest(type: Test) { ... }
+  // 3. Add 'useJUnitPlatform()' unconditionally inside it.
+  // 4. Move the 'testClassesDirs', 'classpath', 'include', and 'outputs.upToDateWhen'
+  //    configurations back into it.
+  dependsOn sqlIntegrationTestLegacy, sqlIntegrationTestModern
+  finalizedBy removeUnpackedTests
+}

java_common.gradle

@@ -55,8 +55,7 @@ configurations {
   matching {
     it.name in ['runtimeClasspath', 'compileClasspath']
   }.all {
-    // JUnit is from org.apache.beam:beam-runners-google-cloud-dataflow-java,
-    // and json-simple.
+    // JUnit is from org.apache.beam:beam-runners-google-cloud-dataflow-java
     exclude group: 'junit'
     // Mockito is from org.apache.beam:beam-runners-google-cloud-dataflow-java
     // See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/BEAM-8862

jetty/build.gradle

@@ -148,4 +148,5 @@ tasks.register('getEndpoints', Exec) {
     commandLine './get-endpoints.py', "${rootProject.gcpProject}"
 }
 
+project.build.dependsOn(tasks.named('buildNomulusImage'))
 rootProject.deploy.dependsOn(tasks.named('deployNomulus'))

jetty/gradle.lockfile

@@ -162,7 +162,6 @@ com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:4.33.2=annotationProcessor,testAnnotationProce
 com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:4.35.0=deploy_jar,runtimeClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
 com.google.re2j:re2j:1.8=deploy_jar,runtimeClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
 com.google.truth:truth:1.4.5=deploy_jar,runtimeClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
-com.googlecode.json-simple:json-simple:1.1.1=deploy_jar,runtimeClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
 com.ibm.icu:icu4j:73.2=deploy_jar,runtimeClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
 com.lmax:disruptor:3.4.2=deploy_jar,runtimeClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
 com.puppycrawl.tools:checkstyle:10.24.0=checkstyle

prober/src/main/java/google/registry/monitoring/blackbox/message/EppMessage.java

@@ -177,6 +177,8 @@ public class EppMessage {
             new StreamSource(readResource(path + "launch.xsd")),
           };
       SchemaFactory schemaFactory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI);
+      schemaFactory.setFeature(XMLConstants.FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING, true);
+      schemaFactory.setProperty(XMLConstants.ACCESS_EXTERNAL_SCHEMA, "");
       eppSchema = schemaFactory.newSchema(sources);
     } catch (SAXException | IOException e) {
       throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
@@ -271,7 +273,9 @@ public class EppMessage {
       return null;
     }
     try {
-      Transformer transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
+      TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
+      tf.setFeature(XMLConstants.FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING, true);
+      Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
       StreamResult result = new StreamResult(new StringWriter());
       DOMSource source = new DOMSource(xml);
       transformer.transform(source, result);
@@ -291,7 +295,9 @@ public class EppMessage {
    */
   public static byte[] xmlDocToByteArray(Document xml) throws EppClientException {
     try {
-      Transformer transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
+      TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
+      tf.setFeature(XMLConstants.FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING, true);
+      Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
       StreamResult result = new StreamResult(new StringWriter());
       DOMSource source = new DOMSource(xml);
       transformer.transform(source, result);

proxy/src/main/java/google/registry/proxy/ProxyModule.java

@@ -383,6 +383,10 @@ public class ProxyModule {
   @Singleton
   @Provides
   static Random provideRandom() {
+    // Note: We intentionally use java.util.Random instead of SecureRandom here.
+    // This Random instance is injected into the hot path of the proxy exclusively for
+    // stochastic metrics sampling. Using SecureRandom would introduce severe lock
+    // contention and exhaust the system entropy pool under high load, causing DoS.
     return new Random();
   }
 

util/src/main/java/google/registry/util/SelfSignedCaCertificate.java

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ import java.security.SecureRandom;
 import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.Date;
-import java.util.Random;
 import org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1ObjectIdentifier;
 import org.bouncycastle.asn1.x500.X500Name;
 import org.bouncycastle.asn1.x509.BasicConstraints;
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ public class SelfSignedCaCertificate {
 
   private static final String DEFAULT_ISSUER_FQDN = "registry-test";
 
-  private static final Random RANDOM = new Random();
+  private static final SecureRandom RANDOM = new SecureRandom();
   private static final BouncyCastleProvider PROVIDER = new BouncyCastleProvider();
   private static final KeyPairGenerator keyGen = createKeyPairGenerator();
   private static final ImmutableMap<String, String> KEY_SIGNATURE_ALGS =

util/src/main/java/google/registry/util/SerializeUtils.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.ObjectInputFilter.Config;
 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
 import java.io.Serializable;
@@ -60,7 +61,13 @@ public final class SerializeUtils {
       return null;
     }
     try {
-      return type.cast(new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(objectBytes)).readObject());
+      ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(objectBytes));
+      // Restrict deserialization to known, trusted packages to prevent RCE gadget chain attacks.
+      ois.setObjectInputFilter(
+          Config.createFilter(
+              "google.registry.**;com.google.common.**;java.**;javax.**;jakarta.**;"
+                  + "org.hibernate.**;org.joda.**;com.googlecode.objectify.**;!*"));
+      return type.cast(ois.readObject());
     } catch (ClassNotFoundException | IOException e) {
       throw new IllegalArgumentException(
           "Unable to deserialize: objectBytes=" + base16().encode(objectBytes), e);

util/src/test/java/google/registry/util/SerializeUtilsTest.java

@@ -20,9 +20,12 @@ import static google.registry.util.SerializeUtils.parse;
 import static google.registry.util.SerializeUtils.serialize;
 import static google.registry.util.SerializeUtils.stringify;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
+import java.io.InvalidClassException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.opentest4j.AssertionFailedError;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link SerializeUtils}. */
 class SerializeUtilsTest {
@@ -111,4 +114,19 @@ class SerializeUtilsTest {
         assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> parse(String.class, null));
     assertThat(thrown).hasMessageThat().contains("Object string cannot be null");
   }
+
+  @Test
+  void testDeserialize_unauthorizedClass_isRejectedByFilter() {
+    // AssertionFailedError implements Serializable but is NOT in the
+    // whitelist of allowed deserialization packages.
+    AssertionFailedError untrustedObject = new AssertionFailedError("test");
+
+    try {
+      deserialize(Object.class, serialize(untrustedObject));
+      fail("Expected an exception");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      assertThat(e).hasCauseThat().isInstanceOf(InvalidClassException.class);
+      assertThat(e).hasCauseThat().hasMessageThat().contains("REJECTED");
+    }
+  }
 }