build: enable more warnings

when comparing the disabled warnings specified by `configured.py`
and the ones specified by `cmake/mode.common.cmake`, it turns out
we are now able to enable more warning options. so let's enable them.
the change was tested using Clang-17 and GCC-13.

there are many errors from GCC-13, like:

```
/home/kefu/dev/scylladb/db/view/view.hh:114:17: error: declaration of ‘column_kind db::view::clustering_or_static_row::column_kind() const’ changes meaning of ‘column_kind’ [-fpermissive]
  114 |     column_kind column_kind() const {
      |                 ^~~~~~~~~~~
```
so the build with GCC failed.

and with this change, Clang-17 is able to build build the tree without
warnings.

Signed-off-by: Kefu Chai <kefu.chai@scylladb.com>

configure.py

@@ -1337,19 +1337,13 @@ warnings = [
     '-Wall',
     '-Werror',
     '-Wno-mismatched-tags',  # clang-only
-    '-Wno-maybe-uninitialized',  # false positives on gcc 5
     '-Wno-tautological-compare',
     '-Wno-parentheses-equality',
     '-Wno-c++11-narrowing',
     '-Wno-missing-braces',
-    '-Wno-noexcept-type',
-    '-Wno-nonnull-compare',
-    '-Wno-error=cpp',
     '-Wno-ignored-attributes',
     '-Wno-overloaded-virtual',
-    '-Wno-stringop-overflow',
     '-Wno-unused-command-line-argument',
-    '-Wno-redeclared-class-member',
     '-Wno-unsupported-friend',
     '-Wno-delete-non-abstract-non-virtual-dtor',
     '-Wno-braced-scalar-init',
@@ -1359,10 +1353,8 @@ warnings = [
     '-Wno-psabi',
     '-Wno-narrowing',
     '-Wno-nonnull',
-    '-Wno-catch-value',
     '-Wno-stringop-overread', # false positives with gcc 12
     '-Wno-uninitialized',  # false positives with gcc 12,
-    '-Wno-missing-attributes', # something in seastar's memory.cc, TBD,
     '-Wno-dangling-pointer', # false positives with gcc 12
 ]