Similar to large_data_handler, this interface allows sstable writers to
delegate the handling of corrupt data.
Two implementations are provided:
* system_table_corrupt_data_handler - saved corrupt data in
system.corrupt_data, with a TTL=10days (non-configurable for now)
* nop_corrupt_data_handler - drops corrupt data
(cherry picked from commit 3e1c50e9a7)
