test/cluster: add cluster test for prepared metadata_id promotion

Exercises the full server-side prepared metadata_id promotion path using
the Scylla Python driver rather than raw sockets, via two lightweight
patches:

- _UseMetadataId(ApplicationInfoBase) injects SCYLLA_USE_METADATA_ID
  into the CQL STARTUP options so the server enables the v4 metadata_id
  wire exchange for this connection.
- mock.patch on ProtocolVersion.uses_prepared_metadata (forced True for
  all versions) makes the driver write result_metadata_id in EXECUTE
  frames and read it back from PREPARE/ROWS responses on protocol v4.
- A wrapper around ResultMessage.recv_results_metadata captures the
  result_metadata_id set by the driver on the ROWS ResultMessage (the
  driver parses it there but does not propagate it to PreparedStatement
  in the normal rows path).

The happy-path test prepares LIST ROLES OF (a statement with empty
result metadata at prepare time), executes it, and verifies:
- The ROWS response carried METADATA_CHANGED (promotion occurred).
- The response includes a non-None result_metadata_id.
- The promoted id differs from the stale empty-metadata id returned
  by PREPARE.

The suppression test injects skip_prepared_result_metadata_promotion to
confirm the happy-path test is not a false positive: the injection skips
the entire promotion block so no real_id is computed, the cache is not
updated, and the response carries no METADATA_CHANGED flag.

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 version: 2
 updates:
-- package-ecosystem: "uv"
+- package-ecosystem: "pip"
   directory: "/docs"
   schedule:
     interval: "daily"

.github/workflows/call_backport_with_jira.yaml

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-name: Backport with Jira Integration
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-      - next-*.*
-      - branch-*.*
-  pull_request_target:
-    types: [labeled, closed]
-    branches: 
-      - master
-      - next
-      - next-*.*
-      - branch-*.*
-
-jobs:
-  backport-on-push:
-    if: github.event_name == 'push'
-    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/backport-with-jira.yaml@main
-    with:
-      event_type: 'push'
-      base_branch: ${{ github.ref }}
-      commits: ${{ github.event.before }}..${{ github.sha }}
-    secrets:
-      gh_token: ${{ secrets.AUTO_BACKPORT_TOKEN }}
-      jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
-
-  backport-on-label:
-    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' && github.event.action == 'labeled'
-    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/backport-with-jira.yaml@main
-    with:
-      event_type: 'labeled'
-      base_branch: refs/heads/${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
-      pull_request_number: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-      head_commit: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
-      label_name: ${{ github.event.label.name }}
-      pr_state: ${{ github.event.pull_request.state }}
-    secrets:
-      gh_token: ${{ secrets.AUTO_BACKPORT_TOKEN }}
-      jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
-
-  backport-chain:
-    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' && github.event.action == 'closed' && github.event.pull_request.merged == true
-    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/backport-with-jira.yaml@main
-    with:
-      event_type: 'chain'
-      base_branch: refs/heads/${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
-      pull_request_number: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-      pr_body: ${{ github.event.pull_request.body }}
-    secrets:
-      gh_token: ${{ secrets.AUTO_BACKPORT_TOKEN }}
-      jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}

.github/workflows/call_jira_sync.yml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-name: Sync Jira Based on PR Events
+name: Sync Jira Based on PR Events
 
 on:
   pull_request_target:
-    types: [opened, edited, ready_for_review, review_requested, labeled, unlabeled, closed]
+    types: [opened, ready_for_review, review_requested, labeled, unlabeled, closed]
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -10,9 +10,32 @@ permissions:
   issues: write
 
 jobs:
-  jira-sync:
-    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_pr_events_jira_sync.yml@main
-    with:
-      caller_action: ${{ github.event.action }}
+  jira-sync-pr-opened:
+    if: github.event.action == 'opened'
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_jira_sync_pr_opened.yml@main
+    secrets:
+      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
+
+  jira-sync-in-review:
+    if: github.event.action == 'ready_for_review' || github.event.action == 'review_requested'
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_jira_sync_in_review.yml@main
+    secrets:
+      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
+
+  jira-sync-add-label:
+    if: github.event.action == 'labeled'
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_jira_sync_add_label.yml@main
+    secrets:
+      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
+
+  jira-status-remove-label:
+    if: github.event.action == 'unlabeled'
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_jira_sync_remove_label.yml@main
+    secrets:
+      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
+
+  jira-status-pr-closed:
+    if: github.event.action == 'closed' 
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_jira_sync_pr_closed.yml@main
     secrets:
       caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}

.github/workflows/call_sync_milestone_to_jira.yml

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-name: Call Jira release creation for new milestone
+name: Call Jira release creation for new milestone
 
 on:
   milestone:
-    types: [created, closed]
+    types: [created]
 
 jobs:
   sync-milestone-to-jira:
     uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_sync_milestone_to_jira_release.yml@main
     with:
       # Comma-separated list of Jira project keys
-      jira_project_keys: "SCYLLADB,CUSTOMER,SMI,RELENG,VECTOR"
+      jira_project_keys: "SCYLLADB,CUSTOMER,SMI"
     secrets:
       caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}

.github/workflows/docs-pages.yaml

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ on:
 jobs:
   release:
     permissions:
-      pages: write
-      id-token: write
       contents: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
@@ -33,9 +31,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.12"
-      - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+          python-version: "3.10"
       - name: Set up env
         run: make -C docs FLAG="${{ env.FLAG }}" setupenv
       - name: Build docs

.github/workflows/docs-pr.yaml

@@ -29,9 +29,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.12"
-      - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+          python-version: "3.10"
       - name: Set up env
         run: make -C docs FLAG="${{ env.FLAG }}" setupenv
       - name: Build docs

.github/workflows/trigger-scylla-ci.yaml

@@ -12,38 +12,16 @@ jobs:
     if: (github.event_name == 'issue_comment' && github.event.comment.user.login != 'scylladbbot') || github.event.label.name == 'conflicts'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Verify Org Membership
-        id: verify_author
-        env:
-          EVENT_NAME: ${{ github.event_name }}
-          PR_AUTHOR: ${{ github.event.pull_request.user.login }}
-          PR_ASSOCIATION: ${{ github.event.pull_request.author_association }}
-          COMMENT_AUTHOR: ${{ github.event.comment.user.login }}
-          COMMENT_ASSOCIATION: ${{ github.event.comment.author_association }}
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          if [[ "$EVENT_NAME" == "pull_request_target" ]]; then
-            AUTHOR="$PR_AUTHOR"
-            ASSOCIATION="$PR_ASSOCIATION"
-          else
-            AUTHOR="$COMMENT_AUTHOR"
-            ASSOCIATION="$COMMENT_ASSOCIATION"
-          fi
-          if [[ "$ASSOCIATION" == "MEMBER" || "$ASSOCIATION" == "OWNER" ]]; then
-            echo "member=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          else
-            echo "::warning::${AUTHOR} is not a member of scylladb (association: ${ASSOCIATION}); skipping CI trigger."
-            echo "member=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          fi
-
       - name: Validate Comment Trigger
         if: github.event_name == 'issue_comment'
         id: verify_comment
-        env:
-          COMMENT_BODY: ${{ github.event.comment.body }}
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          CLEAN_BODY=$(echo "$COMMENT_BODY" | grep -v '^[[:space:]]*>')
+          BODY=$(cat << 'EOF'
+          ${{ github.event.comment.body }}
+          EOF
+          )
+          CLEAN_BODY=$(echo "$BODY" | grep -v '^[[:space:]]*>')
 
           if echo "$CLEAN_BODY" | grep -qi '@scylladbbot' && echo "$CLEAN_BODY" | grep -qi 'trigger-ci'; then
             echo "trigger=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
@@ -52,13 +30,13 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Trigger Scylla-CI-Route Jenkins Job
-        if: steps.verify_author.outputs.member == 'true' && (github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' || steps.verify_comment.outputs.trigger == 'true')
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' || steps.verify_comment.outputs.trigger == 'true'
         env:
           JENKINS_USER: ${{ secrets.JENKINS_USERNAME }}
           JENKINS_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.JENKINS_TOKEN }}
           JENKINS_URL: "https://jenkins.scylladb.com"
-          PR_NUMBER: "${{ github.event.issue.number || github.event.pull_request.number }}"
-          PR_REPO_NAME: "${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}"
         run: |
+          PR_NUMBER=${{ github.event.issue.number || github.event.pull_request.number }}
+          PR_REPO_NAME=${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}
           curl -X POST "$JENKINS_URL/job/releng/job/Scylla-CI-Route/buildWithParameters?PR_NUMBER=$PR_NUMBER&PR_REPO_NAME=$PR_REPO_NAME" \
-            --user "$JENKINS_USER:$JENKINS_API_TOKEN" --fail
+          --user "$JENKINS_USER:$JENKINS_API_TOKEN" --fail -i -v

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -300,6 +300,7 @@ add_subdirectory(locator)
 add_subdirectory(message)
 add_subdirectory(mutation)
 add_subdirectory(mutation_writer)
+add_subdirectory(node_ops)
 add_subdirectory(readers)
 add_subdirectory(replica)
 add_subdirectory(raft)

alternator/auth.cc

@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@
 #include <string_view>
 #include "alternator/auth.hh"
 #include <fmt/format.h>
-#include "db/consistency_level_type.hh"
-#include "db/system_keyspace.hh"
+#include "auth/password_authenticator.hh"
 #include "service/storage_proxy.hh"
 #include "alternator/executor.hh"
 #include "cql3/selection/selection.hh"
@@ -26,8 +25,8 @@ namespace alternator {
 
 static logging::logger alogger("alternator-auth");
 
-future<std::string> get_key_from_roles(service::storage_proxy& proxy, std::string username) {
-    schema_ptr schema = proxy.data_dictionary().find_schema(db::system_keyspace::NAME, "roles");
+future<std::string> get_key_from_roles(service::storage_proxy& proxy, auth::service& as, std::string username) {
+    schema_ptr schema = proxy.data_dictionary().find_schema(auth::get_auth_ks_name(as.query_processor()), "roles");
     partition_key pk = partition_key::from_single_value(*schema, utf8_type->decompose(username));
     dht::partition_range_vector partition_ranges{dht::partition_range(dht::decorate_key(*schema, pk))};
     std::vector<query::clustering_range> bounds{query::clustering_range::make_open_ended_both_sides()};
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ future<std::string> get_key_from_roles(service::storage_proxy& proxy, std::strin
     auto partition_slice = query::partition_slice(std::move(bounds), {}, query::column_id_vector{salted_hash_col->id, can_login_col->id}, selection->get_query_options());
     auto command = ::make_lw_shared<query::read_command>(schema->id(), schema->version(), partition_slice,
             proxy.get_max_result_size(partition_slice), query::tombstone_limit(proxy.get_tombstone_limit()));
-    auto cl = db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE;
+    auto cl = auth::password_authenticator::consistency_for_user(username);
 
     service::client_state client_state{service::client_state::internal_tag()};
     service::storage_proxy::coordinator_query_result qr = co_await proxy.query(schema, std::move(command), std::move(partition_ranges), cl,

alternator/auth.hh

@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@ namespace alternator {
 
 using key_cache = utils::loading_cache<std::string, std::string, 1>;
 
-future<std::string> get_key_from_roles(service::storage_proxy& proxy, std::string username);
+future<std::string> get_key_from_roles(service::storage_proxy& proxy, auth::service& as, std::string username);
 
 }

alternator/executor.cc

@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@
 #include "types/types.hh"
 #include "db/system_keyspace.hh"
 #include "cql3/statements/ks_prop_defs.hh"
-#include "alternator/ttl_tag.hh"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
@@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ static map_type attrs_type() {
 
 static const column_definition& attrs_column(const schema& schema) {
     const column_definition* cdef = schema.get_column_definition(bytes(executor::ATTRS_COLUMN_NAME));
-    throwing_assert(cdef);
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(cdef);
     return *cdef;
 }
 
@@ -1650,7 +1649,7 @@ static future<> mark_view_schemas_as_built(utils::chunked_vector<mutation>& out,
 }
 
 future<executor::request_return_type> executor::create_table_on_shard0(service::client_state&& client_state, tracing::trace_state_ptr trace_state, rjson::value request, bool enforce_authorization, bool warn_authorization, const db::tablets_mode_t::mode tablets_mode) {
-    throwing_assert(this_shard_id() == 0);
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(this_shard_id() == 0);
 
     // We begin by parsing and validating the content of the CreateTable
     // command. We can't inspect the current database schema at this point
@@ -2838,12 +2837,14 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> rmw_operation::execute(service::storage_pr
         }
     } else if (_write_isolation != write_isolation::LWT_ALWAYS) {
         std::optional<mutation> m = apply(nullptr, api::new_timestamp(), cdc_opts);
-        throwing_assert(m); // !needs_read_before_write, so apply() did not check a condition
+        SCYLLA_ASSERT(m); // !needs_read_before_write, so apply() did not check a condition
         return proxy.mutate(utils::chunked_vector<mutation>{std::move(*m)}, db::consistency_level::LOCAL_QUORUM, executor::default_timeout(), trace_state, std::move(permit), db::allow_per_partition_rate_limit::yes, false, std::move(cdc_opts)).then([this, &wcu_total] () mutable {
             return rmw_operation_return(std::move(_return_attributes), _consumed_capacity, wcu_total);
         });
     }
-    throwing_assert(cas_shard);
+    if (!cas_shard) {
+        on_internal_error(elogger, "cas_shard is not set");
+    }
     // If we're still here, we need to do this write using LWT:
     global_stats.write_using_lwt++;
     per_table_stats.write_using_lwt++;
@@ -3463,11 +3464,7 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> executor::batch_write_item(client_state& c
     if (should_add_wcu) {
         rjson::add(ret, "ConsumedCapacity", std::move(consumed_capacity));
     }
-    auto duration = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time;
-    _stats.api_operations.batch_write_item_latency.mark(duration);
-    for (const auto& w : per_table_wcu) {
-        w.first->api_operations.batch_write_item_latency.mark(duration);
-    }
+    _stats.api_operations.batch_write_item_latency.mark(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time);
     co_return rjson::print(std::move(ret));
 }
 
@@ -4978,12 +4975,7 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> executor::batch_get_item(client_state& cli
     if (!some_succeeded && eptr) {
         co_await coroutine::return_exception_ptr(std::move(eptr));
     }
-    auto duration = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time;
-    _stats.api_operations.batch_get_item_latency.mark(duration);
-    for (const table_requests& rs : requests) {
-        lw_shared_ptr<stats> per_table_stats = get_stats_from_schema(_proxy, *rs.schema);
-        per_table_stats->api_operations.batch_get_item_latency.mark(duration);
-    }
+    _stats.api_operations.batch_get_item_latency.mark(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time);
     if (is_big(response)) {
         co_return make_streamed(std::move(response));
     } else {
@@ -5421,7 +5413,7 @@ static future<executor::request_return_type> do_query(service::storage_proxy& pr
 }
 
 static dht::token token_for_segment(int segment, int total_segments) {
-    throwing_assert(total_segments > 1 && segment >= 0 && segment < total_segments);
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(total_segments > 1 && segment >= 0 && segment < total_segments);
     uint64_t delta = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max() / total_segments;
     return dht::token::from_int64(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min() + delta * segment);
 }

alternator/server.cc

@@ -411,8 +411,8 @@ future<std::string> server::verify_signature(const request& req, const chunked_c
         }
     }
 
-    auto cache_getter = [&proxy = _proxy] (std::string username) {
-        return get_key_from_roles(proxy, std::move(username));
+    auto cache_getter = [&proxy = _proxy, &as = _auth_service] (std::string username) {
+        return get_key_from_roles(proxy, as, std::move(username));
     };
     return _key_cache.get_ptr(user, cache_getter).then_wrapped([this, &req, &content,
                                                     user = std::move(user),
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> server::handle_api_request(std::unique_ptr
         ++_executor._stats.requests_blocked_memory;
     }
     auto units = co_await std::move(units_fut);
-    throwing_assert(req->content_stream);
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(req->content_stream);
     chunked_content content = co_await read_entire_stream(*req->content_stream, request_content_length_limit);
     // If the request had no Content-Length, we reserved too many units
     // so need to return some
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> server::handle_api_request(std::unique_ptr
     if (!username.empty()) {
         client_state.set_login(auth::authenticated_user(username));
     }
-    client_state.maybe_update_per_service_level_params();
+    co_await client_state.maybe_update_per_service_level_params();
 
     tracing::trace_state_ptr trace_state = maybe_trace_query(client_state, username, op, content, _max_users_query_size_in_trace_output.get());
     tracing::trace(trace_state, "{}", op);

alternator/stats.cc

@@ -14,6 +14,20 @@
 namespace alternator {
 
 const char* ALTERNATOR_METRICS = "alternator";
+static seastar::metrics::histogram estimated_histogram_to_metrics(const utils::estimated_histogram& histogram) {
+    seastar::metrics::histogram res;
+    res.buckets.resize(histogram.bucket_offsets.size());
+    uint64_t cumulative_count = 0;
+    res.sample_count = histogram._count;
+    res.sample_sum = histogram._sample_sum;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < res.buckets.size(); i++) {
+        auto& v = res.buckets[i];
+        v.upper_bound = histogram.bucket_offsets[i];
+        cumulative_count += histogram.buckets[i];
+        v.count = cumulative_count;
+    }
+    return res;
+}
 
 static seastar::metrics::label column_family_label("cf");
 static seastar::metrics::label keyspace_label("ks");
@@ -137,21 +151,21 @@ static void register_metrics_with_optional_table(seastar::metrics::metric_groups
             seastar::metrics::make_counter("batch_item_count", seastar::metrics::description("The total number of items processed across all batches"), labels,
                     stats.api_operations.batch_get_item_batch_total)(op("BatchGetItem")).aggregate(aggregate_labels).set_skip_when_empty(),
             seastar::metrics::make_histogram("batch_item_count_histogram", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of the number of items in a batch request"), labels,
-                    [&stats]{ return to_metrics_histogram(stats.api_operations.batch_get_item_histogram);})(op("BatchGetItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.api_operations.batch_get_item_histogram);})(op("BatchGetItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
             seastar::metrics::make_histogram("batch_item_count_histogram", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of the number of items in a batch request"), labels,
-                    [&stats]{ return to_metrics_histogram(stats.api_operations.batch_write_item_histogram);})(op("BatchWriteItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.api_operations.batch_write_item_histogram);})(op("BatchWriteItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
             seastar::metrics::make_histogram("operation_size_kb", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of item sizes involved in a request"), labels,
-                    [&stats]{ return to_metrics_histogram(stats.operation_sizes.get_item_op_size_kb);})(op("GetItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.operation_sizes.get_item_op_size_kb);})(op("GetItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
             seastar::metrics::make_histogram("operation_size_kb", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of item sizes involved in a request"), labels,
-                    [&stats]{ return to_metrics_histogram(stats.operation_sizes.put_item_op_size_kb);})(op("PutItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.operation_sizes.put_item_op_size_kb);})(op("PutItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
             seastar::metrics::make_histogram("operation_size_kb", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of item sizes involved in a request"), labels,
-                    [&stats]{ return to_metrics_histogram(stats.operation_sizes.delete_item_op_size_kb);})(op("DeleteItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.operation_sizes.delete_item_op_size_kb);})(op("DeleteItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
             seastar::metrics::make_histogram("operation_size_kb", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of item sizes involved in a request"), labels,
-                    [&stats]{ return to_metrics_histogram(stats.operation_sizes.update_item_op_size_kb);})(op("UpdateItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.operation_sizes.update_item_op_size_kb);})(op("UpdateItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
             seastar::metrics::make_histogram("operation_size_kb", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of item sizes involved in a request"), labels,
-                    [&stats]{ return to_metrics_histogram(stats.operation_sizes.batch_get_item_op_size_kb);})(op("BatchGetItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.operation_sizes.batch_get_item_op_size_kb);})(op("BatchGetItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
             seastar::metrics::make_histogram("operation_size_kb", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of item sizes involved in a request"), labels,
-                    [&stats]{ return to_metrics_histogram(stats.operation_sizes.batch_write_item_op_size_kb);})(op("BatchWriteItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.operation_sizes.batch_write_item_op_size_kb);})(op("BatchWriteItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
     });
 
     seastar::metrics::label expression_label("expression");

alternator/stats.hh

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 #include "cql3/stats.hh"
 
 namespace alternator {
-using batch_histogram = utils::estimated_histogram_with_max<128>;
-using op_size_histogram = utils::estimated_histogram_with_max<512>;
 
 // Object holding per-shard statistics related to Alternator.
 // While this object is alive, these metrics are also registered to be
@@ -78,34 +76,34 @@ public:
         utils::timed_rate_moving_average_summary_and_histogram batch_get_item_latency;
         utils::timed_rate_moving_average_summary_and_histogram get_records_latency;
 
-        batch_histogram batch_get_item_histogram;
-        batch_histogram batch_write_item_histogram;
+        utils::estimated_histogram batch_get_item_histogram{22}; // a histogram that covers the range 1 - 100
+        utils::estimated_histogram batch_write_item_histogram{22}; // a histogram that covers the range 1 - 100
     } api_operations;
     // Operation size metrics
     struct {
         // Item size statistics collected per table and aggregated per node.
-        // Each histogram covers the range 0 - 512. Resolves #25143.
+        // Each histogram covers the range 0 - 446. Resolves #25143.
         // A size is the retrieved item's size.
-        op_size_histogram get_item_op_size_kb;
+        utils::estimated_histogram get_item_op_size_kb{30};
         // A size is the maximum of the new item's size and the old item's size.
-        op_size_histogram put_item_op_size_kb;
+        utils::estimated_histogram put_item_op_size_kb{30};
         // A size is the deleted item's size. If the deleted item's size is
         // unknown (i.e. read-before-write wasn't necessary and it wasn't
         // forced by a configuration option), it won't be recorded on the
         // histogram.
-        op_size_histogram delete_item_op_size_kb;
+        utils::estimated_histogram delete_item_op_size_kb{30};
         // A size is the maximum of existing item's size and the estimated size
         // of the update. This will be changed to the maximum of the existing item's
         // size and the new item's size in a subsequent PR.
-        op_size_histogram update_item_op_size_kb;
+        utils::estimated_histogram update_item_op_size_kb{30};
 
         // A size is the sum of the sizes of all items per table. This means
         // that a single BatchGetItem / BatchWriteItem updates the histogram
         // for each table that it has items in.
         // The sizes are the retrieved items' sizes grouped per table.
-        op_size_histogram batch_get_item_op_size_kb;
+        utils::estimated_histogram batch_get_item_op_size_kb{30};
         // The sizes are the the written items' sizes grouped per table.
-        op_size_histogram batch_write_item_op_size_kb;
+        utils::estimated_histogram batch_write_item_op_size_kb{30};
     } operation_sizes;
     // Count of authentication and authorization failures, counted if either
     // alternator_enforce_authorization or alternator_warn_authorization are
@@ -142,7 +140,7 @@ public:
     cql3::cql_stats cql_stats;
 
     // Enumeration of expression types only for stats
-    // if needed it can be extended e.g. per operation
+    // if needed it can be extended e.g. per operation 
     enum expression_types {
         UPDATE_EXPRESSION,
         CONDITION_EXPRESSION,
@@ -166,7 +164,7 @@ struct table_stats {
 void register_metrics(seastar::metrics::metric_groups& metrics, const stats& stats);
 
 inline uint64_t bytes_to_kb_ceil(uint64_t bytes) {
-    return (bytes) / 1024;
+    return (bytes + 1023) / 1024;
 }
 
 }

alternator/streams.cc

@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@
 #include "data_dictionary/data_dictionary.hh"
 #include "utils/rjson.hh"
 
-static logging::logger elogger("alternator-streams");
-
 /**
  * Base template type to implement  rapidjson::internal::TypeHelper<...>:s
  * for types that are ostreamable/string constructible/castable.
@@ -430,25 +428,6 @@ using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 // Dynamo docs says no data shall live longer than 24h.
 static constexpr auto dynamodb_streams_max_window = 24h;
 
-// find the parent shard in previous generation for the given child shard
-// takes care of wrap-around case in vnodes
-// prev_streams must be sorted by token
-const cdc::stream_id& find_parent_shard_in_previous_generation(db_clock::time_point prev_timestamp, const utils::chunked_vector<cdc::stream_id> &prev_streams, const cdc::stream_id &child) {
-    if (prev_streams.empty()) {
-        // something is really wrong - streams are empty
-        // let's try internal_error in hope it will be notified and fixed
-        on_internal_error(elogger, fmt::format("streams are empty for cdc generation at {} ({})", prev_timestamp, prev_timestamp.time_since_epoch().count()));
-    }
-    auto it = std::lower_bound(prev_streams.begin(), prev_streams.end(), child.token(), [](const cdc::stream_id& id, const dht::token& t) {
-        return id.token() < t;
-    });
-    if (it == prev_streams.end()) {
-        // wrap around case - take first
-        it = prev_streams.begin();
-    }
-    return *it;
-}
-
 future<executor::request_return_type> executor::describe_stream(client_state& client_state, service_permit permit, rjson::value request) {
     _stats.api_operations.describe_stream++;
 
@@ -599,8 +578,16 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> executor::describe_stream(client_state& cl
             auto shard = rjson::empty_object();
 
             if (prev != e) {
-                auto &pid = find_parent_shard_in_previous_generation(prev->first, prev->second.streams, id);
-                rjson::add(shard, "ParentShardId", shard_id(prev->first, pid));
+                auto& pids = prev->second.streams;
+                auto pid = std::upper_bound(pids.begin(), pids.end(), id.token(), [](const dht::token& t, const cdc::stream_id& id) {
+                    return t < id.token();
+                });
+                if (pid != pids.begin()) {
+                    pid = std::prev(pid);
+                }
+                if (pid != pids.end()) {
+                    rjson::add(shard, "ParentShardId", shard_id(prev->first, *pid));
+                }
             }
 
             last.emplace(ts, id);

alternator/ttl.cc

@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
 #include "alternator/executor.hh"
 #include "alternator/controller.hh"
 #include "alternator/serialization.hh"
-#include "alternator/ttl_tag.hh"
 #include "dht/sharder.hh"
 #include "db/config.hh"
 #include "db/tags/utils.hh"
@@ -58,10 +57,19 @@ static logging::logger tlogger("alternator_ttl");
 
 namespace alternator {
 
+// We write the expiration-time attribute enabled on a table in a
+// tag TTL_TAG_KEY.
+// Currently, the *value* of this tag is simply the name of the attribute,
+// and the expiration scanner interprets it as an Alternator attribute name -
+// It can refer to a real column or if that doesn't exist, to a member of
+// the ":attrs" map column. Although this is designed for Alternator, it may
+// be good enough for CQL as well (there, the ":attrs" column won't exist).
+extern const sstring TTL_TAG_KEY;
+
 future<executor::request_return_type> executor::update_time_to_live(client_state& client_state, service_permit permit, rjson::value request) {
     _stats.api_operations.update_time_to_live++;
     if (!_proxy.features().alternator_ttl) {
-        co_return api_error::unknown_operation("UpdateTimeToLive not yet supported. Upgrade all nodes to a version that supports it.");
+        co_return api_error::unknown_operation("UpdateTimeToLive not yet supported. Experimental support is available if the 'alternator-ttl' experimental feature is enabled on all nodes.");
     }
 
     schema_ptr schema = get_table(_proxy, request);
@@ -316,7 +324,9 @@ static future<std::vector<std::pair<dht::token_range, locator::host_id>>> get_se
     const auto& tm = *erm->get_token_metadata_ptr();
     const auto& sorted_tokens = tm.sorted_tokens();
     std::vector<std::pair<dht::token_range, locator::host_id>> ret;
-    throwing_assert(!sorted_tokens.empty());
+    if (sorted_tokens.empty()) {
+        on_internal_error(tlogger, "Token metadata is empty");
+    }
     auto prev_tok = sorted_tokens.back();
     for (const auto& tok : sorted_tokens) {
         co_await coroutine::maybe_yield();
@@ -553,7 +563,7 @@ static future<> scan_table_ranges(
         expiration_service::stats& expiration_stats)
 {
     const schema_ptr& s = scan_ctx.s;
-    throwing_assert(partition_ranges.size() == 1); // otherwise issue #9167 will cause incorrect results.
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT (partition_ranges.size() == 1); // otherwise issue #9167 will cause incorrect results.
     auto p = service::pager::query_pagers::pager(proxy, s, scan_ctx.selection, *scan_ctx.query_state_ptr,
             *scan_ctx.query_options, scan_ctx.command, std::move(partition_ranges), nullptr);
     while (!p->is_exhausted()) {
@@ -630,38 +640,13 @@ static future<> scan_table_ranges(
                 }
             } else {
                 // For a real column to contain an expiration time, it
-                // must be a numeric type. We currently support decimal
-                // (used by Alternator TTL) as well as bigint, int and
-                // timestamp (used by CQL per-row TTL).
-                switch (meta[*expiration_column]->type->get_kind()) {
-                    case abstract_type::kind::decimal:
-                        // Used by Alternator TTL for key columns not stored
-                        // in the map. The value is in seconds, fractional
-                        // part is ignored.
-                        expired = is_expired(value_cast<big_decimal>(v), now);
-                        break;
-                    case abstract_type::kind::long_kind:
-                        // Used by CQL per-row TTL. The value is in seconds.
-                        expired = is_expired(gc_clock::time_point(std::chrono::seconds(value_cast<int64_t>(v))), now);
-                        break;
-                    case abstract_type::kind::int32:
-                        // Used by CQL per-row TTL. The value is in seconds.
-                        // Using int type is not recommended because it will
-                        // overflow in 2038, but we support it to allow users
-                        // to use existing int columns for expiration.
-                        expired = is_expired(gc_clock::time_point(std::chrono::seconds(value_cast<int32_t>(v))), now);
-                        break;
-                    case abstract_type::kind::timestamp:
-                        // Used by CQL per-row TTL. The value is in milliseconds
-                        // but we truncate it to gc_clock's precision (whole seconds).
-                        expired = is_expired(gc_clock::time_point(std::chrono::duration_cast<gc_clock::duration>(value_cast<db_clock::time_point>(v).time_since_epoch())), now);
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        // Should never happen - we verified the column's type
-                        // before starting the scan.
-                        [[unlikely]]
-                        on_internal_error(tlogger, format("expiration scanner value of unsupported type {} in column {}", meta[*expiration_column]->type->cql3_type_name(), scan_ctx.column_name) );
-                }
+                // must be a numeric type.
+                // FIXME: Currently we only support decimal_type (which is
+                // what Alternator uses), but other numeric types can be
+                // supported as well to make this feature more useful in CQL.
+                // Note that kind::decimal is also checked above.
+                big_decimal n = value_cast<big_decimal>(v);
+                expired = is_expired(n, now);
             }
             if (expired) {
                 expiration_stats.items_deleted++;
@@ -723,12 +708,16 @@ static future<bool> scan_table(
         co_return false;
     }
     // attribute_name may be one of the schema's columns (in Alternator, this
-    // means a key column, in CQL it's a regular column), or an element in
-    // Alternator's attrs map encoded in Alternator's JSON encoding (which we
-    // decode). If attribute_name is a real column, in Alternator it will have
-    // the type decimal, counting seconds since the UNIX epoch, while in CQL
-    // it will one of the types bigint or int (counting seconds) or timestamp
-    // (counting milliseconds).
+    // means it's a key column), or an element in Alternator's attrs map
+    // encoded in Alternator's JSON encoding.
+    // FIXME: To make this less Alternators-specific, we should encode in the
+    // single key's value three things:
+    // 1. The name of a column
+    // 2. Optionally if column is a map, a member in the map
+    // 3. The deserializer for the value: CQL or Alternator (JSON).
+    // The deserializer can be guessed: If the given column or map item is
+    // numeric, it can be used directly. If it is a "bytes" type, it needs to
+    // be deserialized using Alternator's deserializer.
     bytes column_name = to_bytes(*attribute_name);
     const column_definition *cd = s->get_column_definition(column_name);
     std::optional<std::string> member;
@@ -747,14 +736,11 @@ static future<bool> scan_table(
     data_type column_type = cd->type;
     // Verify that the column has the right type: If "member" exists
     // the column must be a map, and if it doesn't, the column must
-    // be decimal_type (Alternator), bigint, int or timestamp (CQL).
-    // If the column has the wrong type nothing can get expired in
-    // this table, and it's pointless to scan it.
+    // (currently) be a decimal_type. If the column has the wrong type
+    // nothing can get expired in this table, and it's pointless to
+    // scan it.
     if ((member && column_type->get_kind() != abstract_type::kind::map) ||
-        (!member && column_type->get_kind() != abstract_type::kind::decimal &&
-         column_type->get_kind() != abstract_type::kind::long_kind &&
-         column_type->get_kind() != abstract_type::kind::int32 &&
-         column_type->get_kind() != abstract_type::kind::timestamp)) {
+        (!member && column_type->get_kind() != abstract_type::kind::decimal)) {
         tlogger.info("table {} TTL column has unsupported type, not scanning", s->cf_name());
         co_return false;
     }
@@ -781,7 +767,7 @@ static future<bool> scan_table(
                 // by tasking another node to take over scanning of the dead node's primary
                 // ranges. What we do here is that this node will also check expiration
                 // on its *secondary* ranges - but only those whose primary owner is down.
-                auto tablet_secondary_replica = tablet_map.get_secondary_replica(*tablet, erm->get_topology()); // throws if no secondary replica
+                auto tablet_secondary_replica = tablet_map.get_secondary_replica(*tablet); // throws if no secondary replica
                 if (tablet_secondary_replica.host == my_host_id && tablet_secondary_replica.shard == this_shard_id()) {
                     if (!gossiper.is_alive(tablet_primary_replica.host)) {
                         co_await scan_tablet(*tablet, proxy, abort_source, page_sem, expiration_stats, scan_ctx, tablet_map);
@@ -892,10 +878,12 @@ future<> expiration_service::run() {
 future<> expiration_service::start() {
     // Called by main() on each shard to start the expiration-service
     // thread. Just runs run() in the background and allows stop().
-    if (!shutting_down()) {
-        _end = run().handle_exception([] (std::exception_ptr ep) {
-            tlogger.error("expiration_service failed: {}", ep);
-        });
+    if (_db.features().alternator_ttl) {
+        if (!shutting_down()) {
+            _end = run().handle_exception([] (std::exception_ptr ep) {
+                tlogger.error("expiration_service failed: {}", ep);
+            });
+        }
     }
     return make_ready_future<>();
 }

alternator/ttl_tag.hh

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2026-present ScyllaDB
- */
-
-/*
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "seastarx.hh"
-#include <seastar/core/sstring.hh>
-
-namespace alternator {
-// We use the table tag TTL_TAG_KEY ("system:ttl_attribute") to remember
-// which attribute was chosen as the expiration-time attribute for
-// Alternator's TTL and CQL's per-row TTL features.
-// Currently, the *value* of this tag is simply the name of the attribute:
-// It can refer to a real column or if that doesn't exist, to a member of
-// the ":attrs" map column (which Alternator uses).
-extern const sstring TTL_TAG_KEY;
-} // namespace alternator
-
-// let users use TTL_TAG_KEY without the "alternator::" prefix,
-// to make it easier to move it to a different namespace later.
-using alternator::TTL_TAG_KEY;

api/api-doc/messaging_service.json

@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
                  "GOSSIP_DIGEST_SYN",
                  "GOSSIP_DIGEST_ACK2",
                  "GOSSIP_SHUTDOWN",
-                 "UNUSED__DEFINITIONS_UPDATE",
+                 "DEFINITIONS_UPDATE",
                  "TRUNCATE",
                  "UNUSED__REPLICATION_FINISHED",
                  "MIGRATION_REQUEST",

api/api-doc/storage_service.json

@@ -3085,48 +3085,6 @@
             }
          ]
       },
-
-      {
-         "path":"/storage_service/tablets/snapshots",
-         "operations":[
-            {
-               "method":"POST",
-               "summary":"Takes the snapshot for the given keyspaces/tables. A snapshot name must be specified.",
-               "type":"void",
-               "nickname":"take_cluster_snapshot",
-               "produces":[
-                  "application/json"
-               ],
-               "parameters":[
-                  {
-                     "name":"tag",
-                     "description":"the tag given to the snapshot",
-                     "required":true,
-                     "allowMultiple":false,
-                     "type":"string",
-                     "paramType":"query"
-                  },
-                  {
-                     "name":"keyspace",
-                     "description":"Keyspace(s) to snapshot. Multiple keyspaces can be provided using a comma-separated list. If omitted, snapshot all keyspaces.",
-                     "required":false,
-                     "allowMultiple":false,
-                     "type":"string",
-                     "paramType":"query"
-                  },
-                  {
-                     "name":"table",
-                     "description":"Table(s) to snapshot. Multiple tables (in a single keyspace) can be provided using a comma-separated list. If omitted, snapshot all tables in the given keyspace(s).",
-                     "required":false,
-                     "allowMultiple":false,
-                     "type":"string",
-                     "paramType":"query"
-                  }
-               ]
-            }
-         ]
-      },
-
       {
          "path":"/storage_service/quiesce_topology",
          "operations":[

api/api.cc

@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ future<> unset_thrift_controller(http_context& ctx) {
     return ctx.http_server.set_routes([&ctx] (routes& r) { unset_thrift_controller(ctx, r); });
 }
 
-future<> set_server_storage_service(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, sharded<db::snapshot_ctl>& ssc, service::raft_group0_client& group0_client) {
-    return ctx.http_server.set_routes([&ctx, &ss, &ssc, &group0_client] (routes& r) {
-            set_storage_service(ctx, r, ss, ssc, group0_client);
+future<> set_server_storage_service(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, service::raft_group0_client& group0_client) {
+    return ctx.http_server.set_routes([&ctx, &ss, &group0_client] (routes& r) {
+            set_storage_service(ctx, r, ss, group0_client);
         });
 }
 

api/api_init.hh

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ future<> set_server_config(http_context& ctx, db::config& cfg);
 future<> unset_server_config(http_context& ctx);
 future<> set_server_snitch(http_context& ctx, sharded<locator::snitch_ptr>& snitch);
 future<> unset_server_snitch(http_context& ctx);
-future<> set_server_storage_service(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, sharded<db::snapshot_ctl>&, service::raft_group0_client&);
+future<> set_server_storage_service(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, service::raft_group0_client&);
 future<> unset_server_storage_service(http_context& ctx);
 future<> set_server_client_routes(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::client_routes_service>& cr);
 future<> unset_server_client_routes(http_context& ctx);

api/storage_service.cc

@@ -783,13 +783,17 @@ rest_cleanup_all(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::
 
         apilog.info("cleanup_all global={}", global);
 
-        if (global) {
-            co_await ss.invoke_on(0, [] (service::storage_service& ss) -> future<> {
-                co_return co_await ss.do_clusterwide_vnodes_cleanup();
-            });
+        auto done = !global ? false : co_await ss.invoke_on(0, [] (service::storage_service& ss) -> future<bool> {
+            if (!ss.is_topology_coordinator_enabled()) {
+                co_return false;
+            }
+            co_await ss.do_clusterwide_vnodes_cleanup();
+            co_return true;
+        });
+        if (done) {
             co_return json::json_return_type(0);
         }
-        // fall back to the local cleanup if local cleanup is requested
+        // fall back to the local cleanup if topology coordinator is not enabled or local cleanup is requested
         auto& db = ctx.db;
         auto& compaction_module = db.local().get_compaction_manager().get_task_manager_module();
         auto task = co_await compaction_module.make_and_start_task<compaction::global_cleanup_compaction_task_impl>({}, db);
@@ -797,7 +801,9 @@ rest_cleanup_all(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::
 
         // Mark this node as clean
         co_await ss.invoke_on(0, [] (service::storage_service& ss) -> future<> {
-            co_await ss.reset_cleanup_needed();
+            if (ss.is_topology_coordinator_enabled()) {
+                co_await ss.reset_cleanup_needed();
+            }
         });
 
         co_return json::json_return_type(0);
@@ -808,6 +814,9 @@ future<json::json_return_type>
 rest_reset_cleanup_needed(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
         apilog.info("reset_cleanup_needed");
         co_await ss.invoke_on(0, [] (service::storage_service& ss) {
+            if (!ss.is_topology_coordinator_enabled()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("mark_node_as_clean is only supported when topology over raft is enabled");
+            }
             return ss.reset_cleanup_needed();
         });
         co_return json_void();
@@ -835,9 +844,9 @@ rest_force_keyspace_flush(http_context& ctx, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req)
 
 static
 future<json::json_return_type>
-rest_decommission(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, sharded<db::snapshot_ctl>& ssc, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
+rest_decommission(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
         apilog.info("decommission");
-        return ss.local().decommission(ssc).then([] {
+        return ss.local().decommission().then([] {
             return make_ready_future<json::json_return_type>(json_void());
         });
 }
@@ -1565,14 +1574,26 @@ rest_reload_raft_topology_state(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, service::
 static
 future<json::json_return_type>
 rest_upgrade_to_raft_topology(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
-        apilog.info("Requested to schedule upgrade to raft topology, but this version does not need it since it uses raft topology by default.");
+        apilog.info("Requested to schedule upgrade to raft topology");
+        try {
+            co_await ss.invoke_on(0, [] (auto& ss) {
+                return ss.start_upgrade_to_raft_topology();
+            });
+        } catch (...) {
+            auto ex = std::current_exception();
+            apilog.error("Failed to schedule upgrade to raft topology: {}", ex);
+            std::rethrow_exception(std::move(ex));
+        }
         co_return json_void();
 }
 
 static
 future<json::json_return_type>
 rest_raft_topology_upgrade_status(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
-        co_return sstring("done");
+        const auto ustate = co_await ss.invoke_on(0, [] (auto& ss) {
+            return ss.get_topology_upgrade_state();
+        });
+        co_return sstring(format("{}", ustate));
 }
 
 static
@@ -1782,7 +1803,7 @@ rest_bind(FuncType func, BindArgs&... args) {
     return std::bind_front(func, std::ref(args)...);
 }
 
-void set_storage_service(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, sharded<db::snapshot_ctl>& ssc, service::raft_group0_client& group0_client) {
+void set_storage_service(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, service::raft_group0_client& group0_client) {
     ss::get_token_endpoint.set(r, rest_bind(rest_get_token_endpoint, ctx, ss));
     ss::toppartitions_generic.set(r, rest_bind(rest_toppartitions_generic, ctx));
     ss::get_release_version.set(r, rest_bind(rest_get_release_version, ss));
@@ -1799,7 +1820,7 @@ void set_storage_service(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<service::storage_
     ss::reset_cleanup_needed.set(r, rest_bind(rest_reset_cleanup_needed, ctx, ss));
     ss::force_flush.set(r, rest_bind(rest_force_flush, ctx));
     ss::force_keyspace_flush.set(r, rest_bind(rest_force_keyspace_flush, ctx));
-    ss::decommission.set(r, rest_bind(rest_decommission, ss, ssc));
+    ss::decommission.set(r, rest_bind(rest_decommission, ss));
     ss::move.set(r, rest_bind(rest_move, ss));
     ss::remove_node.set(r, rest_bind(rest_remove_node, ss));
     ss::exclude_node.set(r, rest_bind(rest_exclude_node, ss));
@@ -2004,8 +2025,6 @@ void set_snapshot(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<db::snapshot_ctl>& snap_
         auto tag = req->get_query_param("tag");
         auto column_families = split(req->get_query_param("cf"), ",");
         auto sfopt = req->get_query_param("sf");
-        auto tcopt = req->get_query_param("tc");
-
         db::snapshot_options opts = {
             .skip_flush = strcasecmp(sfopt.c_str(), "true") == 0,
         };
@@ -2030,27 +2049,6 @@ void set_snapshot(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<db::snapshot_ctl>& snap_
         }
     });
 
-    ss::take_cluster_snapshot.set(r, [&snap_ctl](std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
-        apilog.info("take_cluster_snapshot: {}", req->get_query_params());
-        auto tag = req->get_query_param("tag");
-        auto column_families = split(req->get_query_param("table"), ",");
-        // Note: not published/active. Retain as internal option, but...
-        auto sfopt = req->get_query_param("skip_flush");
-
-        db::snapshot_options opts = {
-            .skip_flush = strcasecmp(sfopt.c_str(), "true") == 0,
-        };
-
-        std::vector<sstring> keynames = split(req->get_query_param("keyspace"), ",");
-        try {
-            co_await snap_ctl.local().take_cluster_column_family_snapshot(keynames, column_families, tag, opts);
-            co_return json_void();
-        } catch (...) {
-            apilog.error("take_cluster_snapshot failed: {}", std::current_exception());
-            throw;
-        }
-    });
-
     ss::del_snapshot.set(r, [&snap_ctl](std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
         apilog.info("del_snapshot: {}", req->get_query_params());
         auto tag = req->get_query_param("tag");
@@ -2141,7 +2139,6 @@ void unset_snapshot(http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
     ss::start_backup.unset(r);
     cf::get_true_snapshots_size.unset(r);
     cf::get_all_true_snapshots_size.unset(r);
-    ss::decommission.unset(r);
 }
 
 }

api/storage_service.hh

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ struct scrub_info {
 
 scrub_info parse_scrub_options(const http_context& ctx, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req);
 
-void set_storage_service(http_context& ctx, httpd::routes& r, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, sharded<db::snapshot_ctl>&, service::raft_group0_client&);
+void set_storage_service(http_context& ctx, httpd::routes& r, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, service::raft_group0_client&);
 void unset_storage_service(http_context& ctx, httpd::routes& r);
 void set_sstables_loader(http_context& ctx, httpd::routes& r, sharded<sstables_loader>& sst_loader);
 void unset_sstables_loader(http_context& ctx, httpd::routes& r);

auth/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ target_sources(scylla_auth
     permission.cc
     resource.cc
     role_or_anonymous.cc
+    roles-metadata.cc
     sasl_challenge.cc
     saslauthd_authenticator.cc
     service.cc
     standard_role_manager.cc
     transitional.cc
-    maintenance_socket_authenticator.cc
     maintenance_socket_role_manager.cc)
 target_include_directories(scylla_auth
   PUBLIC
@@ -48,4 +48,4 @@ if (Scylla_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_USE)
   target_precompile_headers(scylla_auth REUSE_FROM scylla-precompiled-header)
 endif()
 check_headers(check-headers scylla_auth
-  GLOB_RECURSE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.hh)
+  GLOB_RECURSE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.hh)

auth/allow_all_authenticator.cc

@@ -9,9 +9,19 @@
 #include "auth/allow_all_authenticator.hh"
 
 #include "service/migration_manager.hh"
+#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 
 namespace auth {
 
 constexpr std::string_view allow_all_authenticator_name("org.apache.cassandra.auth.AllowAllAuthenticator");
 
+// To ensure correct initialization order, we unfortunately need to use a string literal.
+static const class_registrator<
+        authenticator,
+        allow_all_authenticator,
+        cql3::query_processor&,
+        ::service::raft_group0_client&,
+        ::service::migration_manager&,
+        cache&> registration("org.apache.cassandra.auth.AllowAllAuthenticator");
+
 }

auth/allow_all_authorizer.cc

@@ -9,9 +9,18 @@
 #include "auth/allow_all_authorizer.hh"
 
 #include "auth/common.hh"
+#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 
 namespace auth {
 
 constexpr std::string_view allow_all_authorizer_name("org.apache.cassandra.auth.AllowAllAuthorizer");
 
+// To ensure correct initialization order, we unfortunately need to use a string literal.
+static const class_registrator<
+    authorizer,
+    allow_all_authorizer,
+    cql3::query_processor&,
+    ::service::raft_group0_client&,
+    ::service::migration_manager&> registration("org.apache.cassandra.auth.AllowAllAuthorizer");
+
 }

auth/allow_all_authorizer.hh

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ extern const std::string_view allow_all_authorizer_name;
 
 class allow_all_authorizer final  : public authorizer {
 public:
-    allow_all_authorizer(cql3::query_processor&) {
+    allow_all_authorizer(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&) {
     }
 
     virtual future<> start() override {

auth/cache.cc

@@ -110,23 +110,15 @@ future<> cache::prune(const resource& r) {
 future<> cache::reload_all_permissions() noexcept {
     SCYLLA_ASSERT(_permission_loader);
     auto units = co_await get_units(_loading_sem, 1, _as);
-    auto copy_keys = [] (const std::unordered_map<resource, permission_set>& m) {
-        std::vector<resource> keys;
-        keys.reserve(m.size());
-        for (const auto& [res, _] : m) {
-            keys.push_back(res);
-        }
-        return keys;
-    };
     const role_or_anonymous anon;
-    for (const auto& res : copy_keys(_anonymous_permissions)) {
-        _anonymous_permissions[res] = co_await _permission_loader(anon, res);
+    for (auto& [res, perms] : _anonymous_permissions) {
+        perms = co_await _permission_loader(anon, res);
     }
     for (auto& [role, entry] : _roles) {
         auto& perms_cache = entry->cached_permissions;
         auto r = role_or_anonymous(role);
-        for (const auto& res : copy_keys(perms_cache)) {
-            perms_cache[res] = co_await _permission_loader(r, res);
+        for (auto& [res, perms] : perms_cache) {
+            perms = co_await _permission_loader(r, res);
         }
     }
     logger.debug("Reloaded auth cache with {} entries", _roles.size());
@@ -209,6 +201,9 @@ future<> cache::prune_all() noexcept {
 }
 
 future<> cache::load_all() {
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        co_return;
+    }
     SCYLLA_ASSERT(this_shard_id() == 0);
     auto units = co_await get_units(_loading_sem, 1, _as);
 
@@ -233,7 +228,6 @@ future<> cache::load_all() {
         co_await distribute_role(name, role);
     }
     co_await container().invoke_on_others([this](cache& c) -> future<> {
-        auto units = co_await get_units(c._loading_sem, 1, c._as);
         c._current_version = _current_version;
         co_await c.prune_all();
     });
@@ -260,6 +254,9 @@ future<> cache::gather_inheriting_roles(std::unordered_set<role_name_t>& roles,
 }
 
 future<> cache::load_roles(std::unordered_set<role_name_t> roles) {
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        co_return;
+    }
     SCYLLA_ASSERT(this_shard_id() == 0);
     auto units = co_await get_units(_loading_sem, 1, _as);
 
@@ -290,11 +287,10 @@ future<> cache::load_roles(std::unordered_set<role_name_t> roles) {
 
 future<> cache::distribute_role(const role_name_t& name, lw_shared_ptr<role_record> role) {
     auto role_ptr = role.get();
-    co_await container().invoke_on_others([&name, role_ptr](cache& c) -> future<> {
-        auto units = co_await get_units(c._loading_sem, 1, c._as);
+    co_await container().invoke_on_others([&name, role_ptr](cache& c) {
         if (!role_ptr) {
             c.remove_role(name);
-            co_return;
+            return;
         }
         auto role_copy = make_lw_shared<role_record>(*role_ptr);
         c.add_role(name, std::move(role_copy));

auth/certificate_authenticator.cc

@@ -13,11 +13,14 @@
 #include <boost/regex.hpp>
 #include <fmt/ranges.h>
 
+#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 #include "utils/to_string.hh"
 #include "data_dictionary/data_dictionary.hh"
 #include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
 #include "db/config.hh"
 
+static const auto CERT_AUTH_NAME = "com.scylladb.auth.CertificateAuthenticator";
+const std::string_view auth::certificate_authenticator_name(CERT_AUTH_NAME);
 
 static logging::logger clogger("certificate_authenticator");
 
@@ -27,6 +30,13 @@ static const std::string cfg_query_attr = "query";
 static const std::string cfg_source_subject = "SUBJECT";
 static const std::string cfg_source_altname = "ALTNAME";
 
+static const class_registrator<auth::authenticator
+    , auth::certificate_authenticator
+    , cql3::query_processor&
+    , ::service::raft_group0_client&
+    , ::service::migration_manager&
+    , auth::cache&> cert_auth_reg(CERT_AUTH_NAME);
+
 enum class auth::certificate_authenticator::query_source {
     subject, altname
 };
@@ -89,7 +99,7 @@ future<> auth::certificate_authenticator::stop() {
 }
 
 std::string_view auth::certificate_authenticator::qualified_java_name() const {
-    return "com.scylladb.auth.CertificateAuthenticator";
+    return certificate_authenticator_name;
 }
 
 bool auth::certificate_authenticator::require_authentication() const {

auth/certificate_authenticator.hh

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ namespace auth {
 
 class cache;
 
+extern const std::string_view certificate_authenticator_name;
+
 class certificate_authenticator : public authenticator {
     enum class query_source;
     std::vector<std::pair<query_source, boost::regex>> _queries;

auth/common.cc

@@ -14,11 +14,18 @@
 #include <seastar/core/sharded.hh>
 
 #include "mutation/canonical_mutation.hh"
+#include "schema/schema_fwd.hh"
 #include "mutation/timestamp.hh"
+#include "utils/assert.hh"
 #include "utils/exponential_backoff_retry.hh"
 #include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
+#include "cql3/statements/create_table_statement.hh"
+#include "schema/schema_builder.hh"
+#include "service/migration_manager.hh"
 #include "service/raft/group0_state_machine.hh"
 #include "timeout_config.hh"
+#include "utils/error_injection.hh"
+#include "db/system_keyspace.hh"
 
 namespace auth {
 
@@ -26,14 +33,22 @@ namespace meta {
 
 namespace legacy {
     constinit const std::string_view AUTH_KS("system_auth");
+    constinit const std::string_view USERS_CF("users");
 } // namespace legacy
 constinit const std::string_view AUTH_PACKAGE_NAME("org.apache.cassandra.auth.");
 } // namespace meta
 
 static logging::logger auth_log("auth");
 
-std::string default_superuser(cql3::query_processor& qp) {
-    return qp.db().get_config().auth_superuser_name();
+bool legacy_mode(cql3::query_processor& qp) {
+    return qp.auth_version < db::auth_version_t::v2;
+}
+
+std::string_view get_auth_ks_name(cql3::query_processor& qp) {
+    if (legacy_mode(qp)) {
+        return meta::legacy::AUTH_KS;
+    }
+    return db::system_keyspace::NAME;
 }
 
 // Func must support being invoked more than once.
@@ -50,6 +65,47 @@ future<> do_after_system_ready(seastar::abort_source& as, seastar::noncopyable_f
     }).discard_result();
 }
 
+static future<> create_legacy_metadata_table_if_missing_impl(
+        std::string_view table_name,
+        cql3::query_processor& qp,
+        std::string_view cql,
+        ::service::migration_manager& mm) {
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(this_shard_id() == 0); // once_among_shards makes sure a function is executed on shard 0 only
+
+    auto db = qp.db();
+    auto parsed_statement = cql3::query_processor::parse_statement(cql, cql3::dialect{});
+    auto& parsed_cf_statement = static_cast<cql3::statements::raw::cf_statement&>(*parsed_statement);
+
+    parsed_cf_statement.prepare_keyspace(meta::legacy::AUTH_KS);
+
+    auto statement = static_pointer_cast<cql3::statements::create_table_statement>(
+            parsed_cf_statement.prepare(db, qp.get_cql_stats())->statement);
+
+    const auto schema = statement->get_cf_meta_data(qp.db());
+    const auto uuid = generate_legacy_id(schema->ks_name(), schema->cf_name());
+
+    schema_builder b(schema);
+    b.set_uuid(uuid);
+    schema_ptr table = b.build();
+
+    if (!db.has_schema(table->ks_name(), table->cf_name())) {
+        auto group0_guard = co_await mm.start_group0_operation();
+        auto ts = group0_guard.write_timestamp();
+        try {
+            co_return co_await mm.announce(co_await ::service::prepare_new_column_family_announcement(qp.proxy(), table, ts),
+                    std::move(group0_guard), format("auth: create {} metadata table", table->cf_name()));
+        } catch (const exceptions::already_exists_exception&) {}
+    }
+}
+
+future<> create_legacy_metadata_table_if_missing(
+        std::string_view table_name,
+        cql3::query_processor& qp,
+        std::string_view cql,
+        ::service::migration_manager& mm) noexcept {
+    return futurize_invoke(create_legacy_metadata_table_if_missing_impl, table_name, qp, cql, mm);
+}
+
 ::service::query_state& internal_distributed_query_state() noexcept {
 #ifdef DEBUG
     // Give the much slower debug tests more headroom for completing auth queries.
@@ -84,6 +140,56 @@ static future<> announce_mutations_with_guard(
     return group0_client.add_entry(std::move(group0_cmd), std::move(group0_guard), as, timeout);
 }
 
+future<> announce_mutations_with_batching(
+        ::service::raft_group0_client& group0_client,
+        start_operation_func_t start_operation_func,
+        std::function<::service::mutations_generator(api::timestamp_type t)> gen,
+        seastar::abort_source& as,
+        std::optional<::service::raft_timeout> timeout) {
+    // account for command's overhead, it's better to use smaller threshold than constantly bounce off the limit
+    size_t memory_threshold = group0_client.max_command_size() * 0.75;
+    utils::get_local_injector().inject("auth_announce_mutations_command_max_size",
+        [&memory_threshold] {
+        memory_threshold = 1000;
+    });
+
+    size_t memory_usage = 0;
+    utils::chunked_vector<canonical_mutation> muts;
+
+    // guard has to be taken before we execute code in gen as
+    // it can do read-before-write and we want announce_mutations
+    // operation to be linearizable with other such calls,
+    // for instance if we do select and then delete in gen
+    // we want both to operate on the same data or fail
+    // if someone else modified it in the middle
+    std::optional<::service::group0_guard> group0_guard;
+    group0_guard = co_await start_operation_func(as);
+    auto timestamp = group0_guard->write_timestamp();
+
+    auto g = gen(timestamp);
+    while (auto mut = co_await g()) {
+        muts.push_back(canonical_mutation{*mut});
+        memory_usage += muts.back().representation().size();
+        if (memory_usage >= memory_threshold) {
+            if (!group0_guard) {
+                group0_guard = co_await start_operation_func(as);
+                timestamp = group0_guard->write_timestamp();
+            }
+            co_await announce_mutations_with_guard(group0_client, std::move(muts), std::move(*group0_guard), as, timeout);
+            group0_guard = std::nullopt;
+            memory_usage = 0;
+            muts = {};
+        }
+    }
+    if (!muts.empty()) {
+        if (!group0_guard) {
+            group0_guard = co_await start_operation_func(as);
+            timestamp = group0_guard->write_timestamp();
+        }
+        co_await announce_mutations_with_guard(group0_client, std::move(muts), std::move(*group0_guard), as, timeout);
+    }
+}
+
 future<> announce_mutations(
         cql3::query_processor& qp,
         ::service::raft_group0_client& group0_client,

auth/common.hh

@@ -21,7 +21,12 @@
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
+namespace replica {
+class database;
+}
+
 namespace service {
+class migration_manager;
 class query_state;
 }
 
@@ -35,8 +40,10 @@ namespace meta {
 
 namespace legacy {
 extern constinit const std::string_view AUTH_KS;
+extern constinit const std::string_view USERS_CF;
 } // namespace legacy
 
+constexpr std::string_view DEFAULT_SUPERUSER_NAME("cassandra");
 extern constinit const std::string_view AUTH_PACKAGE_NAME;
 
 } // namespace meta
@@ -45,7 +52,12 @@ constexpr std::string_view PERMISSIONS_CF = "role_permissions";
 constexpr std::string_view ROLE_MEMBERS_CF = "role_members";
 constexpr std::string_view ROLE_ATTRIBUTES_CF = "role_attributes";
 
-std::string default_superuser(cql3::query_processor& qp);
+// This is a helper to check whether auth-v2 is on.
+bool legacy_mode(cql3::query_processor& qp);
+
+// We have legacy implementation using different keyspace
+// and need to parametrize depending on runtime feature.
+std::string_view get_auth_ks_name(cql3::query_processor& qp);
 
 template <class Task>
 future<> once_among_shards(Task&& f) {
@@ -59,6 +71,12 @@ future<> once_among_shards(Task&& f) {
 // Func must support being invoked more than once.
 future<> do_after_system_ready(seastar::abort_source& as, seastar::noncopyable_function<future<>()> func);
 
+future<> create_legacy_metadata_table_if_missing(
+        std::string_view table_name,
+        cql3::query_processor&,
+        std::string_view cql,
+        ::service::migration_manager&) noexcept;
+
 ///
 /// Time-outs for internal, non-local CQL queries.
 ///
@@ -66,6 +84,20 @@ future<> do_after_system_ready(seastar::abort_source& as, seastar::noncopyable_f
 
 ::service::raft_timeout get_raft_timeout() noexcept;
 
+// Execute update query via group0 mechanism, mutations will be applied on all nodes.
+// Use this function when need to perform read before write on a single guard or if
+// you have more than one mutation and potentially exceed single command size limit.
+using start_operation_func_t = std::function<future<::service::group0_guard>(abort_source&)>;
+future<> announce_mutations_with_batching(
+        ::service::raft_group0_client& group0_client,
+        // since we can operate also in topology coordinator context where we need stronger
+        // guarantees than start_operation from group0_client gives we allow to inject custom
+        // function here
+        start_operation_func_t start_operation_func,
+        std::function<::service::mutations_generator(api::timestamp_type t)> gen,
+        seastar::abort_source& as,
+        std::optional<::service::raft_timeout> timeout);
+
 // Execute update query via group0 mechanism, mutations will be applied on all nodes.
 future<> announce_mutations(
         cql3::query_processor& qp,

auth/default_authorizer.cc

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "cql3/untyped_result_set.hh"
 #include "exceptions/exceptions.hh"
 #include "utils/log.hh"
+#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 
 namespace auth {
 
@@ -39,14 +40,111 @@ static constexpr std::string_view PERMISSIONS_NAME = "permissions";
 
 static logging::logger alogger("default_authorizer");
 
-default_authorizer::default_authorizer(cql3::query_processor& qp)
-        : _qp(qp) {
+// To ensure correct initialization order, we unfortunately need to use a string literal.
+static const class_registrator<
+        authorizer,
+        default_authorizer,
+        cql3::query_processor&,
+        ::service::raft_group0_client&,
+        ::service::migration_manager&> password_auth_reg("org.apache.cassandra.auth.CassandraAuthorizer");
+
+default_authorizer::default_authorizer(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& g0, ::service::migration_manager& mm)
+        : _qp(qp)
+        , _migration_manager(mm) {
 }
 
 default_authorizer::~default_authorizer() {
 }
 
+static const sstring legacy_table_name{"permissions"};
+
+bool default_authorizer::legacy_metadata_exists() const {
+    return _qp.db().has_schema(meta::legacy::AUTH_KS, legacy_table_name);
+}
+
+future<bool> default_authorizer::legacy_any_granted() const {
+    static const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{} LIMIT 1", meta::legacy::AUTH_KS, PERMISSIONS_CF);
+
+    return _qp.execute_internal(
+            query,
+            db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE,
+            {},
+            cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes).then([](::shared_ptr<cql3::untyped_result_set> results) {
+        return !results->empty();
+    });
+}
+
+future<> default_authorizer::migrate_legacy_metadata() {
+    alogger.info("Starting migration of legacy permissions metadata.");
+    static const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{}", meta::legacy::AUTH_KS, legacy_table_name);
+
+    return _qp.execute_internal(
+            query,
+            db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE,
+            cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).then([this](::shared_ptr<cql3::untyped_result_set> results) {
+        return do_for_each(*results, [this](const cql3::untyped_result_set_row& row) {
+            return do_with(
+                    row.get_as<sstring>("username"),
+                    parse_resource(row.get_as<sstring>(RESOURCE_NAME)),
+                    ::service::group0_batch::unused(),
+                    [this, &row](const auto& username, const auto& r, auto& mc) {
+                const permission_set perms = permissions::from_strings(row.get_set<sstring>(PERMISSIONS_NAME));
+                return grant(username, perms, r, mc);
+            });
+        }).finally([results] {});
+    }).then([] {
+        alogger.info("Finished migrating legacy permissions metadata.");
+    }).handle_exception([](std::exception_ptr ep) {
+        alogger.error("Encountered an error during migration!");
+        std::rethrow_exception(ep);
+    });
+}
+
+future<> default_authorizer::start_legacy() {
+    static const sstring create_table = fmt::format(
+            "CREATE TABLE {}.{} ("
+            "{} text,"
+            "{} text,"
+            "{} set<text>,"
+            "PRIMARY KEY({}, {})"
+            ") WITH gc_grace_seconds={}",
+            meta::legacy::AUTH_KS,
+            PERMISSIONS_CF,
+            ROLE_NAME,
+            RESOURCE_NAME,
+            PERMISSIONS_NAME,
+            ROLE_NAME,
+            RESOURCE_NAME,
+            90 * 24 * 60 * 60); // 3 months.
+
+    return once_among_shards([this] {
+        return create_legacy_metadata_table_if_missing(
+                PERMISSIONS_CF,
+                _qp,
+                create_table,
+                _migration_manager).then([this] {
+            _finished = do_after_system_ready(_as, [this] {
+                return async([this] {
+                    _migration_manager.wait_for_schema_agreement(_qp.db().real_database(), db::timeout_clock::time_point::max(), &_as).get();
+
+                    if (legacy_metadata_exists()) {
+                        if (!legacy_any_granted().get()) {
+                            migrate_legacy_metadata().get();
+                            return;
+                        }
+
+                        alogger.warn("Ignoring legacy permissions metadata since role permissions exist.");
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+        });
+    });
+}
+
 future<> default_authorizer::start() {
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        return start_legacy();
+    }
     return make_ready_future<>();
 }
 
@@ -63,7 +161,7 @@ default_authorizer::authorize(const role_or_anonymous& maybe_role, const resourc
 
     const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT {} FROM {}.{} WHERE {} = ? AND {} = ?",
             PERMISSIONS_NAME,
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             PERMISSIONS_CF,
             ROLE_NAME,
             RESOURCE_NAME);
@@ -87,13 +185,21 @@ default_authorizer::modify(
         std::string_view op,
         ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
     const sstring query = seastar::format("UPDATE {}.{} SET {} = {} {} ? WHERE {} = ? AND {} = ?",
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             PERMISSIONS_CF,
             PERMISSIONS_NAME,
             PERMISSIONS_NAME,
             op,
             ROLE_NAME,
             RESOURCE_NAME);
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        co_return co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+                query,
+                db::consistency_level::ONE,
+                internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                {permissions::to_strings(set), sstring(role_name), resource.name()},
+                cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result();
+    }
     co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query,
             {permissions::to_strings(set), sstring(role_name), resource.name()});
 }
@@ -112,7 +218,7 @@ future<std::vector<permission_details>> default_authorizer::list_all() const {
             ROLE_NAME,
             RESOURCE_NAME,
             PERMISSIONS_NAME,
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             PERMISSIONS_CF);
 
     const auto results = co_await _qp.execute_internal(
@@ -137,16 +243,74 @@ future<std::vector<permission_details>> default_authorizer::list_all() const {
 future<> default_authorizer::revoke_all(std::string_view role_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
     try {
         const sstring query = seastar::format("DELETE FROM {}.{} WHERE {} = ?",
-                db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+                get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
                 PERMISSIONS_CF,
                 ROLE_NAME);
-        co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query, {sstring(role_name)});
+        if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+                    query,
+                    db::consistency_level::ONE,
+                    internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                    {sstring(role_name)},
+                    cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result();
+        } else {
+            co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query, {sstring(role_name)});
+        }
     } catch (const exceptions::request_execution_exception& e) {
         alogger.warn("CassandraAuthorizer failed to revoke all permissions of {}: {}", role_name, e);
     }
 }
 
+future<> default_authorizer::revoke_all_legacy(const resource& resource) {
+    static const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT {} FROM {}.{} WHERE {} = ? ALLOW FILTERING",
+            ROLE_NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
+            PERMISSIONS_CF,
+            RESOURCE_NAME);
+
+    return _qp.execute_internal(
+            query,
+            db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE,
+            {resource.name()},
+            cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).then_wrapped([this, resource](future<::shared_ptr<cql3::untyped_result_set>> f) {
+        try {
+            auto res = f.get();
+            return parallel_for_each(
+                    res->begin(),
+                    res->end(),
+                    [this, res, resource](const cql3::untyped_result_set::row& r) {
+                static const sstring query = seastar::format("DELETE FROM {}.{} WHERE {} = ? AND {} = ?",
+                        get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
+                        PERMISSIONS_CF,
+                        ROLE_NAME,
+                        RESOURCE_NAME);
+
+                return _qp.execute_internal(
+                        query,
+                        db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE,
+                        {r.get_as<sstring>(ROLE_NAME), resource.name()},
+                        cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result().handle_exception(
+                                [resource](auto ep) {
+                    try {
+                        std::rethrow_exception(ep);
+                    } catch (const exceptions::request_execution_exception& e) {
+                        alogger.warn("CassandraAuthorizer failed to revoke all permissions on {}: {}", resource, e);
+                    }
+
+                });
+            });
+        } catch (const exceptions::request_execution_exception& e) {
+            alogger.warn("CassandraAuthorizer failed to revoke all permissions on {}: {}", resource, e);
+            return make_ready_future();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
 future<> default_authorizer::revoke_all(const resource& resource, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        co_return co_await revoke_all_legacy(resource);
+    }
+
     if (resource.kind() == resource_kind::data &&
             data_resource_view(resource).is_keyspace()) {
         revoke_all_keyspace_resources(resource, mc);
@@ -157,7 +321,7 @@ future<> default_authorizer::revoke_all(const resource& resource, ::service::gro
     auto gen = [this, name] (api::timestamp_type t) -> ::service::mutations_generator {
         const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT {} FROM {}.{} WHERE {} = ? ALLOW FILTERING",
                 ROLE_NAME,
-                db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+                get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
                 PERMISSIONS_CF,
                 RESOURCE_NAME);
         auto res = co_await _qp.execute_internal(
@@ -167,7 +331,7 @@ future<> default_authorizer::revoke_all(const resource& resource, ::service::gro
                 cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no);
         for (const auto& r : *res) {
             const sstring query = seastar::format("DELETE FROM {}.{} WHERE {} = ? AND {} = ?",
-                    db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+                    get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
                     PERMISSIONS_CF,
                     ROLE_NAME,
                     RESOURCE_NAME);
@@ -192,7 +356,7 @@ void default_authorizer::revoke_all_keyspace_resources(const resource& ks_resour
         const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT {}, {} FROM {}.{}",
                 ROLE_NAME,
                 RESOURCE_NAME,
-                db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+                get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
                 PERMISSIONS_CF);
         auto res = co_await _qp.execute_internal(
                 query,
@@ -207,7 +371,7 @@ void default_authorizer::revoke_all_keyspace_resources(const resource& ks_resour
                 continue;
             }
             const sstring query = seastar::format("DELETE FROM {}.{} WHERE {} = ? AND {} = ?",
-                    db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+                    get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
                     PERMISSIONS_CF,
                     ROLE_NAME,
                     RESOURCE_NAME);

auth/default_authorizer.hh

@@ -27,12 +27,14 @@ namespace auth {
 class default_authorizer : public authorizer {
     cql3::query_processor& _qp;
 
+    ::service::migration_manager& _migration_manager;
+
     abort_source _as{};
 
     future<> _finished{make_ready_future<>()};
 
 public:
-    default_authorizer(cql3::query_processor&);
+    default_authorizer(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&);
 
     ~default_authorizer();
 
@@ -57,6 +59,16 @@ public:
     virtual const resource_set& protected_resources() const override;
 
 private:
+    future<> start_legacy();
+
+    bool legacy_metadata_exists() const;
+
+    future<> revoke_all_legacy(const resource&);
+
+    future<bool> legacy_any_granted() const;
+
+    future<> migrate_legacy_metadata();
+
     future<> modify(std::string_view, permission_set, const resource&, std::string_view, ::service::group0_batch&);
 
     void revoke_all_keyspace_resources(const resource& ks_resource, ::service::group0_batch& mc);

auth/ldap_role_manager.cc

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "exceptions/exceptions.hh"
 #include "seastarx.hh"
 #include "service/raft/raft_group0_client.hh"
+#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 #include "db/config.hh"
 #include "utils/exponential_backoff_retry.hh"
 
@@ -71,10 +72,20 @@ std::vector<sstring> get_attr_values(LDAP* ld, LDAPMessage* res, const char* att
     return values;
 }
 
+const char* ldap_role_manager_full_name = "com.scylladb.auth.LDAPRoleManager";
+
 } // anonymous namespace
 
 namespace auth {
 
+static const class_registrator<
+    role_manager,
+    ldap_role_manager,
+    cql3::query_processor&,
+    ::service::raft_group0_client&,
+    ::service::migration_manager&,
+    cache&> registration(ldap_role_manager_full_name);
+
 ldap_role_manager::ldap_role_manager(
         std::string_view query_template, std::string_view target_attr, std::string_view bind_name, std::string_view bind_password,
         uint32_t permissions_update_interval_in_ms,
@@ -104,7 +115,7 @@ ldap_role_manager::ldap_role_manager(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_
 }
 
 std::string_view ldap_role_manager::qualified_java_name() const noexcept {
-    return "com.scylladb.auth.LDAPRoleManager";
+    return ldap_role_manager_full_name;
 }
 
 const resource_set& ldap_role_manager::protected_resources() const {

auth/ldap_role_manager.hh

@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ class ldap_role_manager : public role_manager {
             cache& cache ///< Passed to standard_role_manager.
     );
 
-    /// Retrieves LDAP configuration entries from qp and invokes the other constructor.
+    /// Retrieves LDAP configuration entries from qp and invokes the other constructor.  Required by
+    /// class_registrator<role_manager>.
     ldap_role_manager(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& rg0c, ::service::migration_manager& mm, cache& cache);
 
     /// Thrown when query-template parsing fails.

auth/maintenance_socket_authenticator.cc

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2026-present ScyllaDB
- *
- * Modified by ScyllaDB
- */
-
-/*
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: (LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0 and Apache-2.0)
- */
-
-#include "auth/maintenance_socket_authenticator.hh"
-
-
-namespace auth {
-
-maintenance_socket_authenticator::~maintenance_socket_authenticator() {
-}
-
-future<> maintenance_socket_authenticator::start() {
-    return make_ready_future<>();
-}
-
-future<> maintenance_socket_authenticator::ensure_superuser_is_created() const {
-    return make_ready_future<>();
-}
-
-bool maintenance_socket_authenticator::require_authentication() const {
-    return false;
-}
-
-} // namespace auth

auth/maintenance_socket_authenticator.hh

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2026-present ScyllaDB
- *
- * Modified by ScyllaDB
- */
-
-/*
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: (LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0 and Apache-2.0)
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <seastar/core/shared_future.hh>
-
-#include "password_authenticator.hh"
-
-namespace auth {
-
-// maintenance_socket_authenticator is used for clients connecting to the
-// maintenance socket. It does not require authentication,
-// while still allowing the managing of roles and their credentials.
-class maintenance_socket_authenticator : public password_authenticator {
-public:
-    using password_authenticator::password_authenticator;
-
-    virtual ~maintenance_socket_authenticator();
-
-    virtual future<> start() override;
-
-    virtual future<> ensure_superuser_is_created() const override;
-
-    bool require_authentication() const override;
-};
-
-} // namespace auth
-

auth/maintenance_socket_role_manager.cc

@@ -13,48 +13,23 @@
 #include <string_view>
 #include "auth/cache.hh"
 #include "cql3/description.hh"
-#include "utils/log.hh"
-#include "utils/on_internal_error.hh"
+#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 
 namespace auth {
 
-static logging::logger log("maintenance_socket_role_manager");
+constexpr std::string_view maintenance_socket_role_manager_name = "com.scylladb.auth.MaintenanceSocketRoleManager";
 
-future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::ensure_role_operations_are_enabled() {
-    if (_is_maintenance_mode) {
-        on_internal_error(log, "enabling role operations not allowed in maintenance mode");
-    }
+static const class_registrator<
+        role_manager,
+        maintenance_socket_role_manager,
+        cql3::query_processor&,
+        ::service::raft_group0_client&,
+        ::service::migration_manager&,
+        cache&> registration(sstring{maintenance_socket_role_manager_name});
 
-    if (_std_mgr.has_value()) {
-        on_internal_error(log, "role operations are already enabled");
-    }
-
-    _std_mgr.emplace(_qp, _group0_client, _migration_manager, _cache);
-    return _std_mgr->start();
-}
-
-void maintenance_socket_role_manager::set_maintenance_mode() {
-    if (_std_mgr.has_value()) {
-        on_internal_error(log, "cannot enter maintenance mode after role operations have been enabled");
-    }
-    _is_maintenance_mode = true;
-}
-
-maintenance_socket_role_manager::maintenance_socket_role_manager(
-        cql3::query_processor& qp,
-        ::service::raft_group0_client& rg0c,
-        ::service::migration_manager& mm,
-        cache& c)
-    : _qp(qp)
-    , _group0_client(rg0c)
-    , _migration_manager(mm)
-    , _cache(c)
-    , _std_mgr(std::nullopt)
-    , _is_maintenance_mode(false) {
-}
 
 std::string_view maintenance_socket_role_manager::qualified_java_name() const noexcept {
-    return "com.scylladb.auth.MaintenanceSocketRoleManager";
+    return maintenance_socket_role_manager_name;
 }
 
 const resource_set& maintenance_socket_role_manager::protected_resources() const {
@@ -68,161 +43,81 @@ future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::start() {
 }
 
 future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::stop() {
-    return _std_mgr ? _std_mgr->stop() : make_ready_future<>();
-}
-
-future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::ensure_superuser_is_created() {
-    return _std_mgr ? _std_mgr->ensure_superuser_is_created() : make_ready_future<>();
-}
-
-template<typename T = void>
-future<T> operation_not_available_in_maintenance_mode_exception(std::string_view operation) {
-    return make_exception_future<T>(
-        std::runtime_error(fmt::format("role manager: {} operation not available through maintenance socket in maintenance mode", operation)));
-}
-
-template<typename T = void>
-future<T> manager_not_ready_exception(std::string_view operation) {
-    return make_exception_future<T>(
-        std::runtime_error(fmt::format("role manager: {} operation not available because manager not ready yet (role operations not enabled)", operation)));
-}
-
-future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::validate_operation(std::string_view name) const {
-    if (_is_maintenance_mode) {
-        return operation_not_available_in_maintenance_mode_exception(name);
-    }
-    if (!_std_mgr) {
-        return manager_not_ready_exception(name);
-    }
     return make_ready_future<>();
 }
 
-future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::create(std::string_view role_name, const role_config& c, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("CREATE");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return f;
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->create(role_name, c, mc);
+future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::ensure_superuser_is_created() {
+    return make_ready_future<>();
+}
+
+template<typename T = void>
+future<T> operation_not_supported_exception(std::string_view operation) {
+    return make_exception_future<T>(
+        std::runtime_error(fmt::format("role manager: {} operation not supported through maintenance socket", operation)));
+}
+
+future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::create(std::string_view role_name, const role_config&, ::service::group0_batch&) {
+    return operation_not_supported_exception("CREATE");
 }
 
 future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::drop(std::string_view role_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("DROP");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return f;
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->drop(role_name, mc);
+    return operation_not_supported_exception("DROP");
 }
 
-future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::alter(std::string_view role_name, const role_config_update& u, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("ALTER");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return f;
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->alter(role_name, u, mc);
+future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::alter(std::string_view role_name, const role_config_update&, ::service::group0_batch&) {
+    return operation_not_supported_exception("ALTER");
 }
 
 future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::grant(std::string_view grantee_name, std::string_view role_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("GRANT");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return f;
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->grant(grantee_name, role_name, mc);
+    return operation_not_supported_exception("GRANT");
 }
 
 future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::revoke(std::string_view revokee_name, std::string_view role_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("REVOKE");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return f;
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->revoke(revokee_name, role_name, mc);
+    return operation_not_supported_exception("REVOKE");
 }
 
-future<role_set> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_granted(std::string_view grantee_name, recursive_role_query m) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("QUERY GRANTED");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return make_exception_future<role_set>(f.get_exception());
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->query_granted(grantee_name, m);
+future<role_set> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_granted(std::string_view grantee_name, recursive_role_query) {
+    return operation_not_supported_exception<role_set>("QUERY GRANTED");
 }
 
-future<role_to_directly_granted_map> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_all_directly_granted(::service::query_state& qs) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("QUERY ALL DIRECTLY GRANTED");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return make_exception_future<role_to_directly_granted_map>(f.get_exception());
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->query_all_directly_granted(qs);
+future<role_to_directly_granted_map> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_all_directly_granted(::service::query_state&) {
+    return operation_not_supported_exception<role_to_directly_granted_map>("QUERY ALL DIRECTLY GRANTED");
 }
 
-future<role_set> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_all(::service::query_state& qs) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("QUERY ALL");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return make_exception_future<role_set>(f.get_exception());
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->query_all(qs);
+future<role_set> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_all(::service::query_state&) {
+    return operation_not_supported_exception<role_set>("QUERY ALL");
 }
 
 future<bool> maintenance_socket_role_manager::exists(std::string_view role_name) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("EXISTS");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return make_exception_future<bool>(f.get_exception());
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->exists(role_name);
+    return operation_not_supported_exception<bool>("EXISTS");
 }
 
 future<bool> maintenance_socket_role_manager::is_superuser(std::string_view role_name) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("IS SUPERUSER");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return make_exception_future<bool>(f.get_exception());
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->is_superuser(role_name);
+    return make_ready_future<bool>(true);
 }
 
 future<bool> maintenance_socket_role_manager::can_login(std::string_view role_name) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("CAN LOGIN");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return make_exception_future<bool>(f.get_exception());
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->can_login(role_name);
+    return make_ready_future<bool>(true);
 }
 
-future<std::optional<sstring>> maintenance_socket_role_manager::get_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state& qs) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("GET ATTRIBUTE");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return make_exception_future<std::optional<sstring>>(f.get_exception());
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->get_attribute(role_name, attribute_name, qs);
+future<std::optional<sstring>> maintenance_socket_role_manager::get_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state&) {
+    return operation_not_supported_exception<std::optional<sstring>>("GET ATTRIBUTE");
 }
 
-future<role_manager::attribute_vals> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_attribute_for_all(std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state& qs) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("QUERY ATTRIBUTE FOR ALL");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return make_exception_future<role_manager::attribute_vals>(f.get_exception());
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->query_attribute_for_all(attribute_name, qs);
+future<role_manager::attribute_vals> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_attribute_for_all(std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state&) {
+    return operation_not_supported_exception<role_manager::attribute_vals>("QUERY ATTRIBUTE");
 }
 
 future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::set_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, std::string_view attribute_value, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("SET ATTRIBUTE");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return f;
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->set_attribute(role_name, attribute_name, attribute_value, mc);
+    return operation_not_supported_exception("SET ATTRIBUTE");
 }
 
 future<> maintenance_socket_role_manager::remove_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    auto f = validate_operation("REMOVE ATTRIBUTE");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return f;
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->remove_attribute(role_name, attribute_name, mc);
+    return operation_not_supported_exception("REMOVE ATTRIBUTE");
 }
 
 future<std::vector<cql3::description>> maintenance_socket_role_manager::describe_role_grants() {
-    auto f = validate_operation("DESCRIBE ROLE GRANTS");
-    if (f.failed()) {
-        return make_exception_future<std::vector<cql3::description>>(f.get_exception());
-    }
-    return _std_mgr->describe_role_grants();
+    return operation_not_supported_exception<std::vector<cql3::description>>("DESCRIBE SCHEMA WITH INTERNALS");
 }
 
 } // namespace auth

auth/maintenance_socket_role_manager.hh

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "auth/cache.hh"
 #include "auth/resource.hh"
 #include "auth/role_manager.hh"
-#include "auth/standard_role_manager.hh"
 #include <seastar/core/future.hh>
 
 namespace cql3 {
@@ -25,26 +24,13 @@ class raft_group0_client;
 
 namespace auth {
 
-// This role manager is used by the maintenance socket. It has disabled all role management operations
-// in maintenance mode. In normal mode it delegates all operations to a standard_role_manager,
-// which is created on demand when the node joins the cluster.
+extern const std::string_view maintenance_socket_role_manager_name;
+
+// This role manager is used by the maintenance socket. It has disabled all role management operations to not depend on
+// system_auth keyspace, which may be not yet created when the maintenance socket starts listening.
 class maintenance_socket_role_manager final : public role_manager {
-    cql3::query_processor& _qp;
-    ::service::raft_group0_client& _group0_client;
-    ::service::migration_manager& _migration_manager;
-    cache& _cache;
-    std::optional<standard_role_manager> _std_mgr;
-    bool _is_maintenance_mode;
-
 public:
-    void set_maintenance_mode() override;
-
-    // Ensures role management operations are enabled.
-    // It must be called once the node has joined the cluster.
-    // In the meantime all role management operations will fail.
-    future<> ensure_role_operations_are_enabled() override;
-
-    maintenance_socket_role_manager(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, cache&);
+    maintenance_socket_role_manager(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, cache&) {}
 
     virtual std::string_view qualified_java_name() const noexcept override;
 
@@ -56,21 +42,21 @@ public:
 
     virtual future<> ensure_superuser_is_created() override;
 
-    virtual future<> create(std::string_view role_name, const role_config& c, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
+    virtual future<> create(std::string_view role_name, const role_config&, ::service::group0_batch&) override;
 
     virtual future<> drop(std::string_view role_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
 
-    virtual future<> alter(std::string_view role_name, const role_config_update& u, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
+    virtual future<> alter(std::string_view role_name, const role_config_update&, ::service::group0_batch&) override;
 
     virtual future<> grant(std::string_view grantee_name, std::string_view role_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
 
     virtual future<> revoke(std::string_view revokee_name, std::string_view role_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
 
-    virtual future<role_set> query_granted(std::string_view grantee_name, recursive_role_query m) override;
+    virtual future<role_set> query_granted(std::string_view grantee_name, recursive_role_query) override;
 
-    virtual future<role_to_directly_granted_map> query_all_directly_granted(::service::query_state& qs) override;
+    virtual future<role_to_directly_granted_map> query_all_directly_granted(::service::query_state&) override;
 
-    virtual future<role_set> query_all(::service::query_state& qs) override;
+    virtual future<role_set> query_all(::service::query_state&) override;
 
     virtual future<bool> exists(std::string_view role_name) override;
 
@@ -78,19 +64,15 @@ public:
 
     virtual future<bool> can_login(std::string_view role_name) override;
 
-    virtual future<std::optional<sstring>> get_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state& qs) override;
+    virtual future<std::optional<sstring>> get_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state&) override;
 
-    virtual future<role_manager::attribute_vals> query_attribute_for_all(std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state& qs) override;
+    virtual future<role_manager::attribute_vals> query_attribute_for_all(std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state&) override;
 
     virtual future<> set_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, std::string_view attribute_value, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
 
     virtual future<> remove_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
 
     virtual future<std::vector<cql3::description>> describe_role_grants() override;
-
-private:
-    future<> validate_operation(std::string_view name) const;
-
 };
 
 }

auth/password_authenticator.cc

@@ -26,9 +26,10 @@
 #include "cql3/untyped_result_set.hh"
 #include "utils/log.hh"
 #include "service/migration_manager.hh"
+#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
+#include "replica/database.hh"
 #include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
 #include "db/config.hh"
-#include "db/system_keyspace.hh"
 
 namespace auth {
 
@@ -36,10 +37,29 @@ constexpr std::string_view password_authenticator_name("org.apache.cassandra.aut
 
 // name of the hash column.
 static constexpr std::string_view SALTED_HASH = "salted_hash";
+static constexpr std::string_view DEFAULT_USER_NAME = meta::DEFAULT_SUPERUSER_NAME;
+static const sstring DEFAULT_USER_PASSWORD = sstring(meta::DEFAULT_SUPERUSER_NAME);
+
 static logging::logger plogger("password_authenticator");
 
+// To ensure correct initialization order, we unfortunately need to use a string literal.
+static const class_registrator<
+        authenticator,
+        password_authenticator,
+        cql3::query_processor&,
+        ::service::raft_group0_client&,
+        ::service::migration_manager&,
+        cache&> password_auth_reg("org.apache.cassandra.auth.PasswordAuthenticator");
+
 static thread_local auto rng_for_salt = std::default_random_engine(std::random_device{}());
 
+static std::string_view get_config_value(std::string_view value, std::string_view def) {
+    return value.empty() ? def : value;
+}
+std::string password_authenticator::default_superuser(const db::config& cfg) {
+    return std::string(get_config_value(cfg.auth_superuser_name(), DEFAULT_USER_NAME));
+}
+
 password_authenticator::~password_authenticator() {
 }
 
@@ -49,6 +69,7 @@ password_authenticator::password_authenticator(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::serv
     , _migration_manager(mm)
     , _cache(cache)
     , _stopped(make_ready_future<>()) 
+    , _superuser(default_superuser(qp.db().get_config()))
 {}
 
 static bool has_salted_hash(const cql3::untyped_result_set_row& row) {
@@ -57,18 +78,76 @@ static bool has_salted_hash(const cql3::untyped_result_set_row& row) {
 
 sstring password_authenticator::update_row_query() const {
     return seastar::format("UPDATE {}.{} SET {} = ? WHERE {} = ?",
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             meta::roles_table::name,
             SALTED_HASH,
             meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
 }
 
+static const sstring legacy_table_name{"credentials"};
+
+bool password_authenticator::legacy_metadata_exists() const {
+    return _qp.db().has_schema(meta::legacy::AUTH_KS, legacy_table_name);
+}
+
+future<> password_authenticator::migrate_legacy_metadata() const {
+    plogger.info("Starting migration of legacy authentication metadata.");
+    static const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{}", meta::legacy::AUTH_KS, legacy_table_name);
+
+    return _qp.execute_internal(
+            query,
+            db::consistency_level::QUORUM,
+            internal_distributed_query_state(),
+            cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).then([this](::shared_ptr<cql3::untyped_result_set> results) {
+        return do_for_each(*results, [this](const cql3::untyped_result_set_row& row) {
+            auto username = row.get_as<sstring>("username");
+            auto salted_hash = row.get_as<sstring>(SALTED_HASH);
+            static const auto query = seastar::format("UPDATE {}.{} SET {} = ? WHERE {} = ?",
+                    meta::legacy::AUTH_KS,
+                    meta::roles_table::name,
+                    SALTED_HASH,
+                    meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
+            return _qp.execute_internal(
+                    query,
+                    consistency_for_user(username),
+                    internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                    {std::move(salted_hash), username},
+                    cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result();
+        }).finally([results] {});
+    }).then([] {
+       plogger.info("Finished migrating legacy authentication metadata.");
+    }).handle_exception([](std::exception_ptr ep) {
+        plogger.error("Encountered an error during migration!");
+        std::rethrow_exception(ep);
+    });
+}
+
+future<> password_authenticator::legacy_create_default_if_missing() {
+    const auto exists = co_await legacy::default_role_row_satisfies(_qp, &has_salted_hash, _superuser);
+    if (exists) {
+        co_return;
+    }
+    std::string salted_pwd(get_config_value(_qp.db().get_config().auth_superuser_salted_password(), ""));
+    if (salted_pwd.empty()) {
+        salted_pwd = passwords::hash(DEFAULT_USER_PASSWORD, rng_for_salt, _scheme);
+    }
+    const auto query = seastar::format("UPDATE {}.{} SET {} = ? WHERE {} = ?",
+            meta::legacy::AUTH_KS,
+            meta::roles_table::name,
+            SALTED_HASH,
+            meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
+    co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+            query,
+            db::consistency_level::QUORUM,
+            internal_distributed_query_state(),
+            {salted_pwd, _superuser},
+            cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no);
+    plogger.info("Created default superuser authentication record.");
+}
+
 future<> password_authenticator::maybe_create_default_password() {
     auto needs_password = [this] () -> future<bool> {
-        if (default_superuser(_qp).empty()) {
-            co_return false;
-        }
-        const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{} WHERE is_superuser = true ALLOW FILTERING", db::system_keyspace::NAME, meta::roles_table::name);
+        const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{} WHERE is_superuser = true ALLOW FILTERING", get_auth_ks_name(_qp), meta::roles_table::name);
         auto results = co_await _qp.execute_internal(query,
                 db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE,
                 internal_distributed_query_state(), cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes);
@@ -78,7 +157,7 @@ future<> password_authenticator::maybe_create_default_password() {
         bool has_default = false;
         bool has_superuser_with_password = false;
         for (auto& result : *results) {
-            if (result.get_as<sstring>(meta::roles_table::role_col_name) == default_superuser(_qp)) {
+            if (result.get_as<sstring>(meta::roles_table::role_col_name) == _superuser) {
                 has_default = true;
             }
             if (has_salted_hash(result)) {
@@ -99,12 +178,12 @@ future<> password_authenticator::maybe_create_default_password() {
         co_return;
     }
     // Set default superuser's password.
-    std::string salted_pwd(_qp.db().get_config().auth_superuser_salted_password());
+    std::string salted_pwd(get_config_value(_qp.db().get_config().auth_superuser_salted_password(), ""));
     if (salted_pwd.empty()) {
-        co_return;
+        salted_pwd = passwords::hash(DEFAULT_USER_PASSWORD, rng_for_salt, _scheme);
     }
     const auto update_query = update_row_query();
-    co_await collect_mutations(_qp, batch, update_query, {salted_pwd, default_superuser(_qp)});
+    co_await collect_mutations(_qp, batch, update_query, {salted_pwd, _superuser});
     co_await std::move(batch).commit(_group0_client, _as, get_raft_timeout());
     plogger.info("Created default superuser authentication record.");
 }
@@ -137,14 +216,58 @@ future<> password_authenticator::start() {
 
         _stopped = do_after_system_ready(_as, [this] {
             return async([this] {
+                if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+                    if (!_superuser_created_promise.available()) {
+                        // Counterintuitively, we mark promise as ready before any startup work
+                        // because wait_for_schema_agreement() below will block indefinitely
+                        // without cluster majority. In that case, blocking node startup
+                        // would lead to a cluster deadlock.
+                        _superuser_created_promise.set_value();
+                    }
+                    _migration_manager.wait_for_schema_agreement(_qp.db().real_database(), db::timeout_clock::time_point::max(), &_as).get();
+
+                    if (legacy::any_nondefault_role_row_satisfies(_qp, &has_salted_hash, _superuser).get()) {
+                        if (legacy_metadata_exists()) {
+                            plogger.warn("Ignoring legacy authentication metadata since nondefault data already exist.");
+                        }
+
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    if (legacy_metadata_exists()) {
+                        migrate_legacy_metadata().get();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    legacy_create_default_if_missing().get();
+                }
                 utils::get_local_injector().inject("password_authenticator_start_pause", utils::wait_for_message(5min)).get();
-                maybe_create_default_password_with_retries().get();
-                if (!_superuser_created_promise.available()) {
-                    _superuser_created_promise.set_value();
+                if (!legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+                    maybe_create_default_password_with_retries().get();
+                    if (!_superuser_created_promise.available()) {
+                        _superuser_created_promise.set_value();
+                    }
                 }
             });
         });
 
+        if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            static const sstring create_roles_query = fmt::format(
+                    "CREATE TABLE {}.{} ("
+                    "  {} text PRIMARY KEY,"
+                    "  can_login boolean,"
+                    "  is_superuser boolean,"
+                    "  member_of set<text>,"
+                    "  salted_hash text"
+                    ")",
+                    meta::legacy::AUTH_KS,
+                    meta::roles_table::name,
+                    meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
+            return create_legacy_metadata_table_if_missing(
+                    meta::roles_table::name,
+                    _qp,
+                    create_roles_query,
+                    _migration_manager);
+        }
         return make_ready_future<>();
     });
  }
@@ -154,6 +277,15 @@ future<> password_authenticator::stop() {
     return _stopped.handle_exception_type([] (const sleep_aborted&) { }).handle_exception_type([](const abort_requested_exception&) {});
 }
 
+db::consistency_level password_authenticator::consistency_for_user(std::string_view role_name) {
+    // TODO: this is plain dung. Why treat hardcoded default special, but for example a user-created
+    // super user uses plain LOCAL_ONE?
+    if (role_name == DEFAULT_USER_NAME) {
+        return db::consistency_level::QUORUM;
+    }
+    return db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE;
+}
+
 std::string_view password_authenticator::qualified_java_name() const {
     return password_authenticator_name;
 }
@@ -183,12 +315,20 @@ future<authenticated_user> password_authenticator::authenticate(
     const sstring password = credentials.at(PASSWORD_KEY);
 
     try {
-        auto role = _cache.get(username);
-        if (!role || role->salted_hash.empty()) {
-            throw exceptions::authentication_exception("Username and/or password are incorrect");
+        std::optional<sstring> salted_hash;
+        if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            salted_hash = co_await get_password_hash(username);
+            if (!salted_hash) {
+                throw exceptions::authentication_exception("Username and/or password are incorrect");
+            }
+        } else {
+            auto role = _cache.get(username);
+            if (!role || role->salted_hash.empty()) {
+                throw exceptions::authentication_exception("Username and/or password are incorrect");
+            }
+            salted_hash = role->salted_hash;
         }
-        const auto& salted_hash = role->salted_hash;
-        const bool password_match = co_await passwords::check(password, salted_hash);
+        const bool password_match = co_await passwords::check(password, *salted_hash);
         if (!password_match) {
             throw exceptions::authentication_exception("Username and/or password are incorrect");
         }
@@ -227,7 +367,16 @@ future<> password_authenticator::create(std::string_view role_name, const authen
     }
 
     const auto query = update_row_query();
-    co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query, {std::move(*maybe_hash), sstring(role_name)});
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+                query,
+                consistency_for_user(role_name),
+                internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                {std::move(*maybe_hash), sstring(role_name)},
+                cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result();
+    } else {
+        co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query, {std::move(*maybe_hash), sstring(role_name)});
+    }
 }
 
 future<> password_authenticator::alter(std::string_view role_name, const authentication_options& options, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
@@ -238,21 +387,38 @@ future<> password_authenticator::alter(std::string_view role_name, const authent
     const auto password = std::get<password_option>(*options.credentials).password;
 
     const sstring query = seastar::format("UPDATE {}.{} SET {} = ? WHERE {} = ?",
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             meta::roles_table::name,
             SALTED_HASH,
             meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
-    co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query,
-            {passwords::hash(password, rng_for_salt, _scheme), sstring(role_name)});
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+                query,
+                consistency_for_user(role_name),
+                internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                {passwords::hash(password, rng_for_salt, _scheme), sstring(role_name)},
+                cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result();
+    } else {
+        co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query,
+                {passwords::hash(password, rng_for_salt, _scheme), sstring(role_name)});
+    }
 }
 
 future<> password_authenticator::drop(std::string_view name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
     const sstring query = seastar::format("DELETE {} FROM {}.{} WHERE {} = ?",
             SALTED_HASH,
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             meta::roles_table::name,
             meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
-    co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query, {sstring(name)});
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+                query, consistency_for_user(name),
+                internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                {sstring(name)},
+                cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result();
+    } else {
+        co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query, {sstring(name)});
+    }
 }
 
 future<custom_options> password_authenticator::query_custom_options(std::string_view role_name) const {
@@ -271,13 +437,13 @@ future<std::optional<sstring>> password_authenticator::get_password_hash(std::st
     // that a map lookup string->statement is not gonna kill us much.
     const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT {} FROM {}.{} WHERE {} = ?",
                 SALTED_HASH,
-                db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+                get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
                 meta::roles_table::name,
                 meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
 
     const auto res = co_await _qp.execute_internal(
             query,
-            db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE,
+            consistency_for_user(role_name),
             internal_distributed_query_state(),
             {role_name},
             cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes);

auth/password_authenticator.hh

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <seastar/core/abort_source.hh>
 #include <seastar/core/shared_future.hh>
 
+#include "db/consistency_level_type.hh"
 #include "auth/authenticator.hh"
 #include "auth/passwords.hh"
 #include "auth/cache.hh"
@@ -43,11 +44,15 @@ class password_authenticator : public authenticator {
     cache& _cache;
     future<> _stopped;
     abort_source _as;
+    std::string _superuser; // default superuser name from the config (may or may not be present in roles table)
     shared_promise<> _superuser_created_promise;
     // We used to also support bcrypt, SHA-256, and MD5 (ref. scylladb#24524).
     constexpr static auth::passwords::scheme _scheme = passwords::scheme::sha_512;
 
 public:
+    static db::consistency_level consistency_for_user(std::string_view role_name);
+    static std::string default_superuser(const db::config&);
+
     password_authenticator(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, cache&);
 
     ~password_authenticator();
@@ -85,6 +90,12 @@ public:
     virtual future<> ensure_superuser_is_created() const override;
 
 private:
+    bool legacy_metadata_exists() const;
+
+    future<> migrate_legacy_metadata() const;
+
+    future<> legacy_create_default_if_missing();
+
     future<> maybe_create_default_password();
     future<> maybe_create_default_password_with_retries();
 

auth/role_manager.hh

@@ -112,11 +112,6 @@ public:
 
     virtual future<> stop() = 0;
 
-    ///
-    /// Notify that the maintenance mode is starting.
-    ///
-    virtual void set_maintenance_mode() {}
-
     ///
     /// Ensure that superuser role exists.
     ///
@@ -124,11 +119,6 @@ public:
     ///
     virtual future<> ensure_superuser_is_created() = 0;
 
-    ///
-    /// Ensure role management operations are enabled. Some role managers may defer initialization.
-    ///
-    virtual future<> ensure_role_operations_are_enabled() { return make_ready_future<>(); }
-
     ///
     /// \returns an exceptional future with \ref role_already_exists for a role that has previously been created.
     ///

auth/roles-metadata.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018-present ScyllaDB
+ */
+
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
+ */
+
+#include "auth/roles-metadata.hh"
+
+#include <seastar/core/format.hh>
+#include <seastar/core/shared_ptr.hh>
+#include <seastar/core/sstring.hh>
+
+#include "auth/common.hh"
+#include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
+#include "cql3/untyped_result_set.hh"
+
+namespace auth {
+
+namespace legacy {
+
+future<bool> default_role_row_satisfies(
+        cql3::query_processor& qp,
+        std::function<bool(const cql3::untyped_result_set_row&)> p,
+        std::optional<std::string> rolename) {
+    const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{} WHERE {} = ?",
+            auth::meta::legacy::AUTH_KS,
+            meta::roles_table::name,
+            meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
+
+    for (auto cl : { db::consistency_level::ONE, db::consistency_level::QUORUM }) {
+        auto results = co_await qp.execute_internal(query, cl
+            , internal_distributed_query_state()
+            , {rolename.value_or(std::string(auth::meta::DEFAULT_SUPERUSER_NAME))}
+            , cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes
+            );
+        if (!results->empty()) {
+            co_return p(results->one());
+        }
+    }
+    co_return false;
+}
+
+future<bool> any_nondefault_role_row_satisfies(
+        cql3::query_processor& qp,
+        std::function<bool(const cql3::untyped_result_set_row&)> p,
+        std::optional<std::string> rolename) {
+    const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{}", auth::meta::legacy::AUTH_KS, meta::roles_table::name);
+
+    auto results = co_await qp.execute_internal(query, db::consistency_level::QUORUM
+        , internal_distributed_query_state(), cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no
+        );
+    if (results->empty()) {
+        co_return false;
+    }
+    static const sstring col_name = sstring(meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
+
+    co_return std::ranges::any_of(*results, [&](const cql3::untyped_result_set_row& row) {
+        auto superuser = rolename ? std::string_view(*rolename) : meta::DEFAULT_SUPERUSER_NAME;
+        const bool is_nondefault = row.get_as<sstring>(col_name) != superuser;
+        return is_nondefault && p(row);
+    });
+}
+
+} // namespace legacy
+
+} // namespace auth

auth/roles-metadata.hh

@@ -8,7 +8,18 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <optional>
 #include <string_view>
+#include <functional>
+
+#include <seastar/core/future.hh>
+
+#include "seastarx.hh"
+
+namespace cql3 {
+class query_processor;
+class untyped_result_set_row;
+}
 
 namespace auth {
 
@@ -24,4 +35,26 @@ constexpr std::string_view role_col_name{"role", 4};
 
 } // namespace meta
 
+namespace legacy {
+
+///
+/// Check that the default role satisfies a predicate, or `false` if the default role does not exist.
+///
+future<bool> default_role_row_satisfies(
+        cql3::query_processor&,
+        std::function<bool(const cql3::untyped_result_set_row&)>,
+        std::optional<std::string> rolename = {}
+        );
+
+///
+/// Check that any nondefault role satisfies a predicate. `false` if no nondefault roles exist.
+///
+future<bool> any_nondefault_role_row_satisfies(
+        cql3::query_processor&,
+        std::function<bool(const cql3::untyped_result_set_row&)>,
+        std::optional<std::string> rolename = {}
+        );
+
+} // namespace legacy
+
 } // namespace auth

auth/saslauthd_authenticator.cc

@@ -22,11 +22,21 @@
 #include "db/config.hh"
 #include "utils/log.hh"
 #include "seastarx.hh"
+#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 
 namespace auth {
 
 static logging::logger mylog("saslauthd_authenticator");
 
+// To ensure correct initialization order, we unfortunately need to use a string literal.
+static const class_registrator<
+        authenticator,
+        saslauthd_authenticator,
+        cql3::query_processor&,
+        ::service::raft_group0_client&,
+        ::service::migration_manager&,
+        cache&> saslauthd_auth_reg("com.scylladb.auth.SaslauthdAuthenticator");
+
 saslauthd_authenticator::saslauthd_authenticator(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, cache&)
     : _socket_path(qp.db().get_config().saslauthd_socket_path())
 {}

auth/service.cc

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <chrono>
 
-#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
-
 #include <seastar/core/future-util.hh>
 #include <seastar/core/shard_id.hh>
 #include <seastar/core/sharded.hh>
@@ -25,17 +23,8 @@
 
 #include "auth/allow_all_authenticator.hh"
 #include "auth/allow_all_authorizer.hh"
-#include "auth/certificate_authenticator.hh"
 #include "auth/common.hh"
-#include "auth/default_authorizer.hh"
-#include "auth/ldap_role_manager.hh"
-#include "auth/maintenance_socket_authenticator.hh"
-#include "auth/maintenance_socket_role_manager.hh"
-#include "auth/password_authenticator.hh"
 #include "auth/role_or_anonymous.hh"
-#include "auth/saslauthd_authenticator.hh"
-#include "auth/standard_role_manager.hh"
-#include "auth/transitional.hh"
 #include "cql3/functions/functions.hh"
 #include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
 #include "cql3/description.hh"
@@ -54,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "service/raft/raft_group0_client.hh"
 #include "mutation/timestamp.hh"
 #include "utils/assert.hh"
+#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 #include "locator/abstract_replication_strategy.hh"
 #include "data_dictionary/keyspace_metadata.hh"
 #include "service/storage_service.hh"
@@ -73,6 +63,88 @@ static const sstring superuser_col_name("super");
 
 static logging::logger log("auth_service");
 
+class auth_migration_listener final : public ::service::migration_listener {
+    service& _service;
+    cql3::query_processor& _qp;
+
+public:
+    explicit auth_migration_listener(service& s, cql3::query_processor& qp) : _service(s),  _qp(qp) {
+    }
+
+private:
+    void on_create_keyspace(const sstring& ks_name) override {}
+    void on_create_column_family(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& cf_name) override {}
+    void on_create_user_type(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& type_name) override {}
+    void on_create_function(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& function_name) override {}
+    void on_create_aggregate(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& aggregate_name) override {}
+    void on_create_view(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& view_name) override {}
+
+    void on_update_keyspace(const sstring& ks_name) override {}
+    void on_update_column_family(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& cf_name, bool) override {}
+    void on_update_user_type(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& type_name) override {}
+    void on_update_function(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& function_name) override {}
+    void on_update_aggregate(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& aggregate_name) override {}
+    void on_update_view(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& view_name, bool columns_changed) override {}
+
+    void on_drop_keyspace(const sstring& ks_name) override {
+        if (!legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            // in non legacy path revoke is part of schema change statement execution
+            return;
+        }
+        // Do it in the background.
+        (void)do_with(auth::make_data_resource(ks_name), ::service::group0_batch::unused(), [this] (auto& r, auto& mc) mutable {
+            return _service.revoke_all(r, mc);
+        }).handle_exception([] (std::exception_ptr e) {
+            log.error("Unexpected exception while revoking all permissions on dropped keyspace: {}", e);
+        });
+
+        (void)do_with(auth::make_functions_resource(ks_name), ::service::group0_batch::unused(), [this] (auto& r, auto& mc) mutable {
+            return _service.revoke_all(r, mc);
+        }).handle_exception([] (std::exception_ptr e) {
+            log.error("Unexpected exception while revoking all permissions on functions in dropped keyspace: {}", e);
+        });
+    }
+
+    void on_drop_column_family(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& cf_name) override {
+        if (!legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            // in non legacy path revoke is part of schema change statement execution
+            return;
+        }
+        // Do it in the background.
+        (void)do_with(auth::make_data_resource(ks_name, cf_name), ::service::group0_batch::unused(), [this] (auto& r, auto& mc) mutable {
+            return _service.revoke_all(r, mc);
+        }).handle_exception([] (std::exception_ptr e) {
+            log.error("Unexpected exception while revoking all permissions on dropped table: {}", e);
+        });
+    }
+
+    void on_drop_user_type(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& type_name) override {}
+    void on_drop_function(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& function_name) override {
+        if (!legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            // in non legacy path revoke is part of schema change statement execution
+            return;
+        }
+        // Do it in the background.
+        (void)do_with(auth::make_functions_resource(ks_name, function_name), ::service::group0_batch::unused(), [this] (auto& r, auto& mc) mutable {
+            return _service.revoke_all(r, mc);
+        }).handle_exception([] (std::exception_ptr e) {
+            log.error("Unexpected exception while revoking all permissions on dropped function: {}", e);
+        });
+    }
+    void on_drop_aggregate(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& aggregate_name) override {
+        if (!legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            // in non legacy path revoke is part of schema change statement execution
+            return;
+        }
+        (void)do_with(auth::make_functions_resource(ks_name, aggregate_name), ::service::group0_batch::unused(), [this] (auto& r, auto& mc) mutable {
+            return _service.revoke_all(r, mc);
+        }).handle_exception([] (std::exception_ptr e) {
+            log.error("Unexpected exception while revoking all permissions on dropped aggregate: {}", e);
+        });
+    }
+    void on_drop_view(const sstring& ks_name, const sstring& view_name) override {}
+};
+
 static future<> validate_role_exists(const service& ser, std::string_view role_name) {
     return ser.underlying_role_manager().exists(role_name).then([role_name](bool exists) {
         if (!exists) {
@@ -85,6 +157,7 @@ service::service(
         cache& cache,
         cql3::query_processor& qp,
         ::service::raft_group0_client& g0,
+        ::service::migration_notifier& mn,
         std::unique_ptr<authorizer> z,
         std::unique_ptr<authenticator> a,
         std::unique_ptr<role_manager> r,
@@ -92,26 +165,29 @@ service::service(
             : _cache(cache)
             , _qp(qp)
             , _group0_client(g0)
+            , _mnotifier(mn)
             , _authorizer(std::move(z))
             , _authenticator(std::move(a))
             , _role_manager(std::move(r))
+            , _migration_listener(std::make_unique<auth_migration_listener>(*this, qp))
             , _used_by_maintenance_socket(used_by_maintenance_socket) {}
 
 service::service(
         cql3::query_processor& qp,
         ::service::raft_group0_client& g0,
-        authorizer_factory authorizer_factory,
-        authenticator_factory authenticator_factory,
-        role_manager_factory role_manager_factory,
+        ::service::migration_notifier& mn,
+        ::service::migration_manager& mm,
+        const service_config& sc,
         maintenance_socket_enabled used_by_maintenance_socket,
         cache& cache)
             : service(
                       cache,
                       qp,
                       g0,
-                      authorizer_factory(),
-                      authenticator_factory(),
-                      role_manager_factory(),
+                      mn,
+                      create_object<authorizer>(sc.authorizer_java_name, qp, g0, mm),
+                      create_object<authenticator>(sc.authenticator_java_name, qp, g0, mm, cache),
+                      create_object<role_manager>(sc.role_manager_java_name, qp, g0, mm, cache),
                       used_by_maintenance_socket) {
 }
 
@@ -144,6 +220,9 @@ future<> service::create_legacy_keyspace_if_missing(::service::migration_manager
 }
 
 future<> service::start(::service::migration_manager& mm, db::system_keyspace& sys_ks) {
+    auto auth_version = co_await sys_ks.get_auth_version();
+    // version is set in query processor to be easily available in various places we call auth::legacy_mode check.
+    _qp.auth_version = auth_version;
     if (this_shard_id() == 0) {
         co_await _cache.load_all();
     }
@@ -173,12 +252,22 @@ future<> service::start(::service::migration_manager& mm, db::system_keyspace& s
                 &service::get_uncached_permissions,
                 this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
     }
+    co_await once_among_shards([this] {
+        _mnotifier.register_listener(_migration_listener.get());
+        return make_ready_future<>();
+    });
 }
 
 future<> service::stop() {
     _as.request_abort();
-    _cache.set_permission_loader(nullptr);
-    return when_all_succeed(_role_manager->stop(), _authorizer->stop(), _authenticator->stop()).discard_result();
+    // Only one of the shards has the listener registered, but let's try to
+    // unregister on each one just to make sure.
+    return _mnotifier.unregister_listener(_migration_listener.get()).then([this] {
+        _cache.set_permission_loader(nullptr);
+        return make_ready_future<>();
+    }).then([this] {
+        return when_all_succeed(_role_manager->stop(), _authorizer->stop(), _authenticator->stop()).discard_result();
+    });
 }
 
 future<> service::ensure_superuser_is_created() {
@@ -212,16 +301,12 @@ service::get_uncached_permissions(const role_or_anonymous& maybe_role, const res
 }
 
 future<permission_set> service::get_permissions(const role_or_anonymous& maybe_role, const resource& r) const {
-    if (_used_by_maintenance_socket) {
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp) || _used_by_maintenance_socket) {
         return get_uncached_permissions(maybe_role, r);
     }
     return _cache.get_permissions(maybe_role, r);
 }
 
-void service::set_maintenance_mode() {
-    _role_manager->set_maintenance_mode();
-}
-
 future<bool> service::has_superuser(std::string_view role_name, const role_set& roles) const {
     for (const auto& role : roles) {
         if (co_await _role_manager->is_superuser(role)) {
@@ -257,10 +342,6 @@ static void validate_authentication_options_are_supported(
     }
 }
 
-future<> service::ensure_role_operations_are_enabled() {
-    return _role_manager->ensure_role_operations_are_enabled();
-}
-
 future<> service::create_role(std::string_view name,
         const role_config& config,
         const authentication_options& options,
@@ -278,6 +359,11 @@ future<> service::create_role(std::string_view name,
         ep = std::current_exception();
     }
     if (ep) {
+        // Rollback only in legacy mode as normally mutations won't be
+        // applied in case exception is raised
+        if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            co_await underlying_role_manager().drop(name, mc);
+        }
         std::rethrow_exception(std::move(ep));
     }
 }
@@ -356,11 +442,11 @@ future<std::vector<cql3::description>> service::describe_roles(bool with_hashed_
 
     const bool authenticator_uses_password_hashes = _authenticator->uses_password_hashes();
 
-    const auto default_su = cql3::util::maybe_quote(default_superuser(_qp));
-
-    auto produce_create_statement = [&default_su, with_hashed_passwords] (const sstring& formatted_role_name,
+    auto produce_create_statement = [with_hashed_passwords] (const sstring& formatted_role_name,
             const std::optional<sstring>& maybe_hashed_password, bool can_login, bool is_superuser) {
-        const sstring role_part = formatted_role_name == default_su
+        // Even after applying formatting to a role, `formatted_role_name` can only equal `meta::DEFAULT_SUPER_NAME`
+        // if the original identifier was equal to it.
+        const sstring role_part = formatted_role_name == meta::DEFAULT_SUPERUSER_NAME
                 ? seastar::format("IF NOT EXISTS {}", formatted_role_name)
                 : formatted_role_name;
 
@@ -573,10 +659,6 @@ future<std::vector<cql3::description>> service::describe_auth(bool with_hashed_p
 // Free functions.
 //
 
-void set_maintenance_mode(service& ser) {
-    ser.set_maintenance_mode();
-}
-
 future<bool> has_superuser(const service& ser, const authenticated_user& u) {
     if (is_anonymous(u)) {
         return make_ready_future<bool>(false);
@@ -585,10 +667,6 @@ future<bool> has_superuser(const service& ser, const authenticated_user& u) {
     return ser.has_superuser(*u.name);
 }
 
-future<> ensure_role_operations_are_enabled(service& ser) {
-    return ser.underlying_role_manager().ensure_role_operations_are_enabled();
-}
-
 future<role_set> get_roles(const service& ser, const authenticated_user& u) {
     if (is_anonymous(u)) {
         return make_ready_future<role_set>();
@@ -771,109 +849,83 @@ future<> commit_mutations(service& ser, ::service::group0_batch&& mc) {
     return ser.commit_mutations(std::move(mc));
 }
 
-namespace {
+future<> migrate_to_auth_v2(db::system_keyspace& sys_ks, ::service::raft_group0_client& g0, start_operation_func_t start_operation_func, abort_source& as) {
+    // FIXME: if this function fails it may leave partial data in the new tables
+    // that should be cleared
+    auto gen = [&sys_ks] (api::timestamp_type ts) -> ::service::mutations_generator {
+        auto& qp = sys_ks.query_processor();
+        for (const auto& cf_name : std::vector<sstring>{
+                "roles", "role_members", "role_attributes", "role_permissions"}) {
+            schema_ptr schema;
+            try {
+                schema = qp.db().find_schema(meta::legacy::AUTH_KS, cf_name);
+            } catch (const data_dictionary::no_such_column_family&) {
+                continue; // some tables might not have been created if they were not used
+            }
 
-std::string_view get_short_name(std::string_view name) {
-    auto pos = name.find_last_of('.');
-    if (pos == std::string_view::npos) {
-        return name;
-    }
-    return name.substr(pos + 1);
-}
+            std::vector<sstring> col_names;
+            for (const auto& col : schema->all_columns()) {
+                col_names.push_back(col.name_as_cql_string());
+            }
+            sstring val_binders_str = "?";
+            for (size_t i = 1; i < col_names.size(); ++i) {
+                val_binders_str += ", ?";
+            }
 
-} // anonymous namespace
+            std::vector<mutation> collected;
+            // use longer than usual timeout as we scan the whole table
+            // but not infinite or very long as we want to fail reasonably fast
+            const auto t = 5min;
+            const timeout_config tc{t, t, t, t, t, t, t};
+            ::service::client_state cs(::service::client_state::internal_tag{}, tc);
+            ::service::query_state qs(cs, empty_service_permit());
 
-authorizer_factory make_authorizer_factory(
-        std::string_view name,
-        sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp) {
-    std::string_view short_name = get_short_name(name);
+            co_await qp.query_internal(
+                seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{}", meta::legacy::AUTH_KS, cf_name),
+                db::consistency_level::ALL,
+                {},
+                1000,
+                [&qp, &cf_name, &col_names, &val_binders_str, &schema, ts, &collected] (const cql3::untyped_result_set::row& row) -> future<stop_iteration> {
+                    std::vector<data_value_or_unset> values;
+                    for (const auto& col : schema->all_columns()) {
+                        if (row.has(col.name_as_text())) {
+                            values.push_back(
+                                    col.type->deserialize(row.get_blob_unfragmented(col.name_as_text())));
+                        } else {
+                            values.push_back(unset_value{});
+                        }
+                    }
+                    auto muts = co_await qp.get_mutations_internal(
+                            seastar::format("INSERT INTO {}.{} ({}) VALUES ({})",
+                                    db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+                                    cf_name,
+                                    fmt::join(col_names, ", "),
+                                    val_binders_str),
+                            internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                            ts,
+                            std::move(values));
+                    if (muts.size() != 1) {
+                        on_internal_error(log,
+                                format("expecting single insert mutation, got {}", muts.size()));
+                    }
 
-    if (boost::iequals(short_name, "AllowAllAuthorizer")) {
-        return [&qp] {
-            return std::make_unique<allow_all_authorizer>(qp.local());
-        };
-    } else if (boost::iequals(short_name, "CassandraAuthorizer")) {
-        return [&qp] {
-            return std::make_unique<default_authorizer>(qp.local());
-        };
-    } else if (boost::iequals(short_name, "TransitionalAuthorizer")) {
-        return [&qp] {
-            return std::make_unique<transitional_authorizer>(qp.local());
-        };
-    }
-    throw std::invalid_argument(fmt::format("Unknown authorizer: {}", name));
-}
+                    collected.push_back(std::move(muts[0]));
+                    co_return stop_iteration::no;
+                },
+                std::move(qs));
 
-authenticator_factory make_authenticator_factory(
-        std::string_view name,
-        sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp,
-        ::service::raft_group0_client& g0,
-        sharded<::service::migration_manager>& mm,
-        sharded<cache>& auth_cache) {
-    std::string_view short_name = get_short_name(name);
-
-    if (boost::iequals(short_name, "AllowAllAuthenticator")) {
-        return [&qp, &g0, &mm, &auth_cache] {
-            return std::make_unique<allow_all_authenticator>(qp.local(), g0, mm.local(), auth_cache.local());
-        };
-    } else if (boost::iequals(short_name, "PasswordAuthenticator")) {
-        return [&qp, &g0, &mm, &auth_cache] {
-            return std::make_unique<password_authenticator>(qp.local(), g0, mm.local(), auth_cache.local());
-        };
-    } else if (boost::iequals(short_name, "CertificateAuthenticator")) {
-        return [&qp, &g0, &mm, &auth_cache] {
-            return std::make_unique<certificate_authenticator>(qp.local(), g0, mm.local(), auth_cache.local());
-        };
-    } else if (boost::iequals(short_name, "SaslauthdAuthenticator")) {
-        return [&qp, &g0, &mm, &auth_cache] {
-            return std::make_unique<saslauthd_authenticator>(qp.local(), g0, mm.local(), auth_cache.local());
-        };
-    } else if (boost::iequals(short_name, "TransitionalAuthenticator")) {
-        return [&qp, &g0, &mm, &auth_cache] {
-            return std::make_unique<transitional_authenticator>(qp.local(), g0, mm.local(), auth_cache.local());
-        };
-    }
-    throw std::invalid_argument(fmt::format("Unknown authenticator: {}", name));
-}
-
-role_manager_factory make_role_manager_factory(
-        std::string_view name,
-        sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp,
-        ::service::raft_group0_client& g0,
-        sharded<::service::migration_manager>& mm,
-        sharded<cache>& auth_cache) {
-    std::string_view short_name = get_short_name(name);
-
-    if (boost::iequals(short_name, "CassandraRoleManager")) {
-        return [&qp, &g0, &mm, &auth_cache] {
-            return std::make_unique<standard_role_manager>(qp.local(), g0, mm.local(), auth_cache.local());
-        };
-    } else if (boost::iequals(short_name, "LDAPRoleManager")) {
-        return [&qp, &g0, &mm, &auth_cache] {
-            return std::make_unique<ldap_role_manager>(qp.local(), g0, mm.local(), auth_cache.local());
-        };
-    }
-    throw std::invalid_argument(fmt::format("Unknown role manager: {}", name));
-}
-
-authenticator_factory make_maintenance_socket_authenticator_factory(
-        sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp,
-        ::service::raft_group0_client& g0,
-        sharded<::service::migration_manager>& mm,
-        sharded<cache>& auth_cache) {
-    return [&qp, &g0, &mm, &auth_cache] {
-        return std::make_unique<maintenance_socket_authenticator>(qp.local(), g0, mm.local(), auth_cache.local());
-    };
-}
-
-role_manager_factory make_maintenance_socket_role_manager_factory(
-        sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp,
-        ::service::raft_group0_client& g0,
-        sharded<::service::migration_manager>& mm,
-        sharded<cache>& auth_cache) {
-    return [&qp, &g0, &mm, &auth_cache] {
-        return std::make_unique<maintenance_socket_role_manager>(qp.local(), g0, mm.local(), auth_cache.local());
+            for (auto& m : collected) {
+                co_yield std::move(m);
+            }
+        }
+        co_yield co_await sys_ks.make_auth_version_mutation(ts,
+                db::system_keyspace::auth_version_t::v2);
     };
+    co_await announce_mutations_with_batching(g0,
+            start_operation_func,
+            std::move(gen),
+            as,
+            std::nullopt);
 }
 
 }

auth/service.hh

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <optional>
 
-#include <seastar/core/coroutine.hh>
 #include <seastar/core/future.hh>
 #include <seastar/core/sstring.hh>
 #include <seastar/util/bool_class.hh>
@@ -37,16 +36,19 @@ class query_processor;
 
 namespace service {
 class migration_manager;
+class migration_notifier;
+class migration_listener;
 }
 
 namespace auth {
 
 class role_or_anonymous;
 
-/// Factory function types for creating auth module instances on each shard.
-using authorizer_factory = std::function<std::unique_ptr<authorizer>()>;
-using authenticator_factory = std::function<std::unique_ptr<authenticator>()>;
-using role_manager_factory = std::function<std::unique_ptr<role_manager>()>;
+struct service_config final {
+    sstring authorizer_java_name;
+    sstring authenticator_java_name;
+    sstring role_manager_java_name;
+};
 
 ///
 /// Due to poor (in this author's opinion) decisions of Apache Cassandra, certain choices of one role-manager,
@@ -78,12 +80,17 @@ class service final : public seastar::peering_sharded_service<service> {
 
     ::service::raft_group0_client& _group0_client;
 
+    ::service::migration_notifier& _mnotifier;
+
     authorizer::ptr_type _authorizer;
 
     authenticator::ptr_type _authenticator;
 
     role_manager::ptr_type _role_manager;
 
+    // Only one of these should be registered, so we end up with some unused instances. Not the end of the world.
+    std::unique_ptr<::service::migration_listener> _migration_listener;
+
     maintenance_socket_enabled _used_by_maintenance_socket;
 
     abort_source _as;
@@ -93,6 +100,7 @@ public:
             cache& cache,
             cql3::query_processor&,
             ::service::raft_group0_client&,
+            ::service::migration_notifier&,
             std::unique_ptr<authorizer>,
             std::unique_ptr<authenticator>,
             std::unique_ptr<role_manager>,
@@ -100,15 +108,15 @@ public:
 
     ///
     /// This constructor is intended to be used when the class is sharded via \ref seastar::sharded. In that case, the
-    /// arguments must be copyable, which is why we delay construction with instance-construction factories instead
+    /// arguments must be copyable, which is why we delay construction with instance-construction instructions instead
     /// of the instances themselves.
     ///
     service(
             cql3::query_processor&,
             ::service::raft_group0_client&,
-            authorizer_factory,
-            authenticator_factory,
-            role_manager_factory,
+            ::service::migration_notifier&,
+            ::service::migration_manager&,
+            const service_config&,
             maintenance_socket_enabled,
             cache&);
 
@@ -130,11 +138,6 @@ public:
     ///
     future<permission_set> get_uncached_permissions(const role_or_anonymous&, const resource&) const;
 
-    ///
-    /// Notify the service that the node is entering maintenance mode.
-    ///
-    void set_maintenance_mode();
-
     ///
     /// Query whether the named role has been granted a role that is a superuser.
     ///
@@ -144,11 +147,6 @@ public:
     ///
     future<bool> has_superuser(std::string_view role_name) const;
 
-    ///
-    /// Ensure that the role operations are enabled. Some role managers defer initialization.
-    ///
-    future<> ensure_role_operations_are_enabled();
-    
     ///
     /// Create a role with optional authentication information.
     ///
@@ -194,9 +192,12 @@ public:
         return *_role_manager;
     }
 
+    cql3::query_processor& query_processor() const noexcept {
+        return _qp;
+    }
+
     future<> commit_mutations(::service::group0_batch&& mc) {
-        co_await std::move(mc).commit(_group0_client, _as, ::service::raft_timeout{});
-        co_await _group0_client.send_group0_read_barrier_to_live_members();
+        return std::move(mc).commit(_group0_client, _as, ::service::raft_timeout{});
     }
 
 private:
@@ -207,12 +208,8 @@ private:
     future<std::vector<cql3::description>> describe_permissions() const;
 };
 
-void set_maintenance_mode(service&);
-
 future<bool> has_superuser(const service&, const authenticated_user&);
 
-future<> ensure_role_operations_are_enabled(service&);
-
 future<role_set> get_roles(const service&, const authenticated_user&);
 
 future<permission_set> get_permissions(const service&, const authenticated_user&, const resource&);
@@ -396,50 +393,7 @@ future<std::vector<permission_details>> list_filtered_permissions(
 // Finalizes write operations performed in auth by committing mutations via raft group0.
 future<> commit_mutations(service& ser, ::service::group0_batch&& mc);
 
-///
-/// Factory helper functions for creating auth module instances.
-/// These are intended for use with sharded<service>::start() where copyable arguments are required.
-/// The returned factories capture the sharded references and call .local() when invoked on each shard.
-///
-
-/// Creates an authorizer factory for config-selectable authorizer types.
-/// @param name The authorizer class name (e.g., "CassandraAuthorizer", "AllowAllAuthorizer")
-authorizer_factory make_authorizer_factory(
-        std::string_view name,
-        sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp);
-
-/// Creates an authenticator factory for config-selectable authenticator types.
-/// @param name The authenticator class name (e.g., "PasswordAuthenticator", "AllowAllAuthenticator")
-authenticator_factory make_authenticator_factory(
-        std::string_view name,
-        sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp,
-        ::service::raft_group0_client& g0,
-        sharded<::service::migration_manager>& mm,
-        sharded<cache>& cache);
-
-/// Creates a role_manager factory for config-selectable role manager types.
-/// @param name The role manager class name (e.g., "CassandraRoleManager")
-role_manager_factory make_role_manager_factory(
-        std::string_view name,
-        sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp,
-        ::service::raft_group0_client& g0,
-        sharded<::service::migration_manager>& mm,
-        sharded<cache>& cache);
-
-/// Creates a factory for the maintenance socket authenticator.
-/// This authenticator is not config-selectable and is only used for the maintenance socket.
-authenticator_factory make_maintenance_socket_authenticator_factory(
-        sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp,
-        ::service::raft_group0_client& g0,
-        sharded<::service::migration_manager>& mm,
-        sharded<cache>& cache);
-
-/// Creates a factory for the maintenance socket role manager.
-/// This role manager is not config-selectable and is only used for the maintenance socket.
-role_manager_factory make_maintenance_socket_role_manager_factory(
-        sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp,
-        ::service::raft_group0_client& g0,
-        sharded<::service::migration_manager>& mm,
-        sharded<cache>& cache);
+// Migrates data from old keyspace to new one which supports linearizable writes via raft.
+future<> migrate_to_auth_v2(db::system_keyspace& sys_ks, ::service::raft_group0_client& g0, start_operation_func_t start_operation_func, abort_source& as);
 
 }

auth/standard_role_manager.cc

@@ -28,14 +28,15 @@
 #include "cql3/untyped_result_set.hh"
 #include "cql3/util.hh"
 #include "db/consistency_level_type.hh"
-#include "db/system_keyspace.hh"
 #include "exceptions/exceptions.hh"
 #include "utils/error_injection.hh"
 #include "utils/log.hh"
 #include <seastar/core/loop.hh>
 #include <seastar/coroutine/maybe_yield.hh>
 #include "service/raft/raft_group0_client.hh"
+#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 #include "service/migration_manager.hh"
+#include "password_authenticator.hh"
 #include "utils/managed_string.hh"
 
 namespace auth {
@@ -43,7 +44,52 @@ namespace auth {
 
 static logging::logger log("standard_role_manager");
 
+static const class_registrator<
+        role_manager,
+        standard_role_manager,
+        cql3::query_processor&,
+        ::service::raft_group0_client&,
+        ::service::migration_manager&,
+        cache&> registration("org.apache.cassandra.auth.CassandraRoleManager");
+
+static db::consistency_level consistency_for_role(std::string_view role_name) noexcept {
+    if (role_name == meta::DEFAULT_SUPERUSER_NAME) {
+        return db::consistency_level::QUORUM;
+    }
+
+    return db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE;
+}
+
+future<std::optional<standard_role_manager::record>> standard_role_manager::legacy_find_record(std::string_view role_name) {
+    const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{} WHERE {} = ?",
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
+            meta::roles_table::name,
+            meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
+
+    const auto results = co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+            query,
+            consistency_for_role(role_name),
+            internal_distributed_query_state(),
+            {sstring(role_name)},
+            cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes);
+    if (results->empty()) {
+        co_return std::optional<record>();
+    }
+
+    const cql3::untyped_result_set_row& row = results->one();
+    co_return std::make_optional(record{
+            row.get_as<sstring>(sstring(meta::roles_table::role_col_name)),
+            row.get_or<bool>("is_superuser", false),
+            row.get_or<bool>("can_login", false),
+            (row.has("member_of")
+                        ? row.get_set<sstring>("member_of")
+                        : role_set())});
+}
+
 future<std::optional<standard_role_manager::record>> standard_role_manager::find_record(std::string_view role_name) {
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        return legacy_find_record(role_name);
+    }
     auto name = sstring(role_name);
     auto role = _cache.get(name);
     if (!role) {
@@ -77,6 +123,7 @@ standard_role_manager::standard_role_manager(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::servic
     , _migration_manager(mm)
     , _cache(cache)
     , _stopped(make_ready_future<>())
+    , _superuser(password_authenticator::default_superuser(qp.db().get_config()))
 {}
 
 std::string_view standard_role_manager::qualified_java_name() const noexcept {
@@ -91,12 +138,79 @@ const resource_set& standard_role_manager::protected_resources() const {
     return resources;
 }
 
-future<> standard_role_manager::maybe_create_default_role() {
-    if (default_superuser(_qp).empty()) {
-        co_return;
+future<> standard_role_manager::create_legacy_metadata_tables_if_missing() const {
+    static const sstring create_roles_query = fmt::format(
+            "CREATE TABLE {}.{} ("
+            "  {} text PRIMARY KEY,"
+            "  can_login boolean,"
+            "  is_superuser boolean,"
+            "  member_of set<text>,"
+            "  salted_hash text"
+            ")",
+            meta::legacy::AUTH_KS,
+            meta::roles_table::name,
+            meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
+    static const sstring create_role_members_query = fmt::format(
+            "CREATE TABLE {}.{} ("
+            "  role text,"
+            "  member text,"
+            "  PRIMARY KEY (role, member)"
+            ")",
+            meta::legacy::AUTH_KS,
+            ROLE_MEMBERS_CF);
+    static const sstring create_role_attributes_query = seastar::format(
+            "CREATE TABLE {}.{} ("
+            "  role text,"
+            "  name text,"
+            "  value text,"
+            "  PRIMARY KEY(role, name)"
+            ")",
+            meta::legacy::AUTH_KS,
+            ROLE_ATTRIBUTES_CF);
+    return when_all_succeed(
+            create_legacy_metadata_table_if_missing(
+                    meta::roles_table::name,
+                    _qp,
+                    create_roles_query,
+                    _migration_manager),
+            create_legacy_metadata_table_if_missing(
+                    ROLE_MEMBERS_CF,
+                    _qp,
+                    create_role_members_query,
+                    _migration_manager),
+            create_legacy_metadata_table_if_missing(
+                    ROLE_ATTRIBUTES_CF,
+                    _qp,
+                    create_role_attributes_query,
+                    _migration_manager)).discard_result();
+}
+
+future<> standard_role_manager::legacy_create_default_role_if_missing() {
+    try {
+        const auto exists = co_await legacy::default_role_row_satisfies(_qp, &has_can_login, _superuser);
+        if (exists) {
+            co_return;
+        }
+        const sstring query = seastar::format("INSERT INTO {}.{} ({}, is_superuser, can_login) VALUES (?, true, true)",
+                meta::legacy::AUTH_KS,
+                meta::roles_table::name,
+                meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
+        co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+                query,
+                db::consistency_level::QUORUM,
+                internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                {_superuser},
+                cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result();
+        log.info("Created default superuser role '{}'.", _superuser);
+    } catch (const exceptions::unavailable_exception& e) {
+        log.warn("Skipped default role setup: some nodes were not ready; will retry");
+        throw e;
     }
+}
+
+future<> standard_role_manager::maybe_create_default_role() {
     auto has_superuser = [this] () -> future<bool> {
-        const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{} WHERE is_superuser = true ALLOW FILTERING", db::system_keyspace::NAME, meta::roles_table::name);
+        const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{} WHERE is_superuser = true ALLOW FILTERING", get_auth_ks_name(_qp), meta::roles_table::name);
         auto results = co_await _qp.execute_internal(query, db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE,
                 internal_distributed_query_state(), cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes);
         for (const auto& result : *results) {
@@ -120,12 +234,12 @@ future<> standard_role_manager::maybe_create_default_role() {
     // There is no superuser which has can_login field - create default role.
     // Note that we don't check if can_login is set to true.
     const sstring insert_query = seastar::format("INSERT INTO {}.{} ({}, is_superuser, can_login) VALUES (?, true, true)",
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             meta::roles_table::name,
             meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
-    co_await collect_mutations(_qp, batch, insert_query, {default_superuser(_qp)});
+    co_await collect_mutations(_qp, batch, insert_query, {_superuser});
     co_await std::move(batch).commit(_group0_client, _as, get_raft_timeout());
-    log.info("Created default superuser role '{}'.", default_superuser(_qp));
+    log.info("Created default superuser role '{}'.", _superuser);
 }
 
 future<> standard_role_manager::maybe_create_default_role_with_retries() {
@@ -148,12 +262,78 @@ future<> standard_role_manager::maybe_create_default_role_with_retries() {
     }
 }
 
+static const sstring legacy_table_name{"users"};
+
+bool standard_role_manager::legacy_metadata_exists() {
+    return _qp.db().has_schema(meta::legacy::AUTH_KS, legacy_table_name);
+}
+
+future<> standard_role_manager::migrate_legacy_metadata() {
+    log.info("Starting migration of legacy user metadata.");
+    static const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{}", meta::legacy::AUTH_KS, legacy_table_name);
+
+    return _qp.execute_internal(
+            query,
+            db::consistency_level::QUORUM,
+            internal_distributed_query_state(),
+            cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).then([this](::shared_ptr<cql3::untyped_result_set> results) {
+        return do_for_each(*results, [this](const cql3::untyped_result_set_row& row) {
+            role_config config;
+            config.is_superuser = row.get_or<bool>("super", false);
+            config.can_login = true;
+
+            return do_with(
+                    row.get_as<sstring>("name"),
+                    std::move(config),
+                    ::service::group0_batch::unused(),
+                    [this](const auto& name, const auto& config, auto& mc) {
+                return create_or_replace(meta::legacy::AUTH_KS, name, config, mc);
+            });
+        }).finally([results] {});
+    }).then([] {
+        log.info("Finished migrating legacy user metadata.");
+    }).handle_exception([](std::exception_ptr ep) {
+        log.error("Encountered an error during migration!");
+        std::rethrow_exception(ep);
+    });
+}
+
 future<> standard_role_manager::start() {
     return once_among_shards([this] () -> future<> {
+        if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            co_await create_legacy_metadata_tables_if_missing();
+        }
+
         auto handler = [this] () -> future<> {
-            co_await maybe_create_default_role_with_retries();
-            if (!_superuser_created_promise.available()) {
-                _superuser_created_promise.set_value();
+            const bool legacy = legacy_mode(_qp);
+            if (legacy) {
+                if (!_superuser_created_promise.available()) {
+                    // Counterintuitively, we mark promise as ready before any startup work
+                    // because wait_for_schema_agreement() below will block indefinitely
+                    // without cluster majority. In that case, blocking node startup
+                    // would lead to a cluster deadlock.
+                    _superuser_created_promise.set_value();
+                }
+                co_await _migration_manager.wait_for_schema_agreement(_qp.db().real_database(), db::timeout_clock::time_point::max(), &_as);
+
+                if (co_await legacy::any_nondefault_role_row_satisfies(_qp, &has_can_login)) {
+                    if (legacy_metadata_exists()) {
+                        log.warn("Ignoring legacy user metadata since nondefault roles already exist.");
+                    }
+                    co_return;
+                }
+
+                if (legacy_metadata_exists()) {
+                    co_await migrate_legacy_metadata();
+                    co_return;
+                }
+                co_await legacy_create_default_role_if_missing();
+            }
+            if (!legacy) {
+                co_await maybe_create_default_role_with_retries();
+                if (!_superuser_created_promise.available()) {
+                    _superuser_created_promise.set_value();
+                }
             }
         };
 
@@ -172,12 +352,21 @@ future<> standard_role_manager::ensure_superuser_is_created() {
     return _superuser_created_promise.get_shared_future();
 }
 
-future<> standard_role_manager::create_or_replace(std::string_view role_name, const role_config& c, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
+future<> standard_role_manager::create_or_replace(std::string_view auth_ks_name, std::string_view role_name, const role_config& c, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
     const sstring query = seastar::format("INSERT INTO {}.{} ({}, is_superuser, can_login) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            auth_ks_name,
             meta::roles_table::name,
             meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
-    co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc,  query, {sstring(role_name), c.is_superuser, c.can_login});
+    if (auth_ks_name == meta::legacy::AUTH_KS) {
+        co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+                query,
+                consistency_for_role(role_name),
+                internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                {sstring(role_name), c.is_superuser, c.can_login},
+                cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes).discard_result();
+    } else {
+        co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc,  query, {sstring(role_name), c.is_superuser, c.can_login});
+    }
 }
 
 future<>
@@ -187,7 +376,7 @@ standard_role_manager::create(std::string_view role_name, const role_config& c,
             throw role_already_exists(role_name);
         }
 
-        return create_or_replace(role_name, c, mc);
+        return create_or_replace(get_auth_ks_name(_qp), role_name, c, mc);
     });
 }
 
@@ -212,11 +401,20 @@ standard_role_manager::alter(std::string_view role_name, const role_config_updat
             return make_ready_future<>();
         }
         const sstring query = seastar::format("UPDATE {}.{} SET {} WHERE {} = ?",
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             meta::roles_table::name,
             build_column_assignments(u),
             meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
-        return collect_mutations(_qp, mc, std::move(query), {sstring(role_name)});
+        if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            return _qp.execute_internal(
+                    std::move(query),
+                    consistency_for_role(role_name),
+                    internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                    {sstring(role_name)},
+                    cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result();
+        } else {
+            return collect_mutations(_qp, mc, std::move(query), {sstring(role_name)});
+        }
     });
 }
 
@@ -227,11 +425,11 @@ future<> standard_role_manager::drop(std::string_view role_name, ::service::grou
     // First, revoke this role from all roles that are members of it.
     const auto revoke_from_members = [this, role_name, &mc] () -> future<> {
         const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT member FROM {}.{} WHERE role = ?",
-                db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+                get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
                 ROLE_MEMBERS_CF);
         const auto members = co_await _qp.execute_internal(
                 query,
-                db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE,
+                consistency_for_role(role_name),
                 internal_distributed_query_state(),
                 {sstring(role_name)},
                 cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no);
@@ -259,33 +457,102 @@ future<> standard_role_manager::drop(std::string_view role_name, ::service::grou
     // Delete all attributes for that role
     const auto remove_attributes_of = [this, role_name, &mc] () -> future<> {
         const sstring query = seastar::format("DELETE FROM {}.{} WHERE role = ?",
-                db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+                get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
                 ROLE_ATTRIBUTES_CF);
-        co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query, {sstring(role_name)});
+        if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            co_await _qp.execute_internal(query, {sstring(role_name)},
+                cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes).discard_result();
+        } else {
+            co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query, {sstring(role_name)});
+        }
     };
     // Finally, delete the role itself.
     const auto delete_role = [this, role_name, &mc] () -> future<> {
         const sstring query = seastar::format("DELETE FROM {}.{} WHERE {} = ?",
-                db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+                get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
                 meta::roles_table::name,
                 meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
 
-        co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query, {sstring(role_name)});
+        if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+                    query,
+                    consistency_for_role(role_name),
+                    internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                    {sstring(role_name)},
+                    cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result();
+        } else {
+            co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query, {sstring(role_name)});
+        }
     };
 
     co_await when_all_succeed(revoke_from_members, revoke_members_of, remove_attributes_of);
     co_await delete_role();
 }
 
+future<>
+standard_role_manager::legacy_modify_membership(
+        std::string_view grantee_name,
+        std::string_view role_name,
+        membership_change ch) {
+    const auto modify_roles = [this, role_name, grantee_name, ch] () -> future<> {
+        const auto query = seastar::format(
+                "UPDATE {}.{} SET member_of = member_of {} ? WHERE {} = ?",
+                get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
+                meta::roles_table::name,
+                (ch == membership_change::add ? '+' : '-'),
+                meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
+        co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+                query,
+                consistency_for_role(grantee_name),
+                internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                {role_set{sstring(role_name)}, sstring(grantee_name)},
+                cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result();
+    };
+
+    const auto modify_role_members = [this, role_name, grantee_name, ch] () -> future<> {
+        switch (ch) {
+            case membership_change::add: {
+                const sstring insert_query = seastar::format("INSERT INTO {}.{} (role, member) VALUES (?, ?)",
+                        get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
+                        ROLE_MEMBERS_CF);
+                co_return co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+                        insert_query,
+                        consistency_for_role(role_name),
+                        internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                        {sstring(role_name), sstring(grantee_name)},
+                        cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result();
+            }
+
+            case membership_change::remove: {
+                const sstring delete_query = seastar::format("DELETE FROM {}.{} WHERE role = ? AND member = ?",
+                        get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
+                        ROLE_MEMBERS_CF);
+                co_return co_await _qp.execute_internal(
+                        delete_query,
+                        consistency_for_role(role_name),
+                        internal_distributed_query_state(),
+                        {sstring(role_name), sstring(grantee_name)},
+                        cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::no).discard_result();
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    co_await when_all_succeed(modify_roles, modify_role_members).discard_result();
+}
+
 future<>
 standard_role_manager::modify_membership(
         std::string_view grantee_name,
         std::string_view role_name,
         membership_change ch,
         ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        co_return co_await legacy_modify_membership(grantee_name, role_name, ch);
+    }
+
     const auto modify_roles = seastar::format(
             "UPDATE {}.{} SET member_of = member_of {} ? WHERE {} = ?",
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             meta::roles_table::name,
             (ch == membership_change::add ? '+' : '-'),
             meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
@@ -296,12 +563,12 @@ standard_role_manager::modify_membership(
     switch (ch) {
     case membership_change::add:
         modify_role_members = seastar::format("INSERT INTO {}.{} (role, member) VALUES (?, ?)",
-                db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+                get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
                 ROLE_MEMBERS_CF);
         break;
     case membership_change::remove:
         modify_role_members = seastar::format("DELETE FROM {}.{} WHERE role = ? AND member = ?",
-                db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+                get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
                 ROLE_MEMBERS_CF);
         break;
     default:
@@ -394,7 +661,7 @@ future<role_set> standard_role_manager::query_granted(std::string_view grantee_n
 
 future<role_to_directly_granted_map> standard_role_manager::query_all_directly_granted(::service::query_state& qs) {
     const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT * FROM {}.{}",
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             ROLE_MEMBERS_CF);
 
     const auto results = co_await _qp.execute_internal(
@@ -418,15 +685,21 @@ future<role_to_directly_granted_map> standard_role_manager::query_all_directly_g
 future<role_set> standard_role_manager::query_all(::service::query_state& qs) {
     const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT {} FROM {}.{}",
             meta::roles_table::role_col_name,
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             meta::roles_table::name);
 
     // To avoid many copies of a view.
     static const auto role_col_name_string = sstring(meta::roles_table::role_col_name);
 
+    if (utils::get_local_injector().enter("standard_role_manager_fail_legacy_query")) {
+        if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("standard_role_manager::query_all: failed due to error injection");
+        }
+    }
+
     const auto results = co_await _qp.execute_internal(
             query,
-            db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE,
+            db::consistency_level::QUORUM,
             qs,
             cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes);
 
@@ -461,7 +734,7 @@ future<bool> standard_role_manager::can_login(std::string_view role_name) {
 
 future<std::optional<sstring>> standard_role_manager::get_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state& qs) {
     const sstring query = seastar::format("SELECT name, value FROM {}.{} WHERE role = ? AND name = ?",
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             ROLE_ATTRIBUTES_CF);
     const auto result_set = co_await _qp.execute_internal(query, db::consistency_level::ONE, qs, {sstring(role_name), sstring(attribute_name)}, cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes);
     if (!result_set->empty()) {
@@ -492,10 +765,14 @@ future<> standard_role_manager::set_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::s
         throw auth::nonexistant_role(role_name);
     }
     const sstring query = seastar::format("INSERT INTO {}.{} (role, name, value)  VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             ROLE_ATTRIBUTES_CF);
-    co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query,
-            {sstring(role_name), sstring(attribute_name), sstring(attribute_value)});
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        co_await _qp.execute_internal(query, {sstring(role_name), sstring(attribute_name), sstring(attribute_value)}, cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes).discard_result();
+    } else {
+        co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query,
+                {sstring(role_name), sstring(attribute_name), sstring(attribute_value)});
+    }
 }
 
 future<> standard_role_manager::remove_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
@@ -503,10 +780,14 @@ future<> standard_role_manager::remove_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std
         throw auth::nonexistant_role(role_name);
     }
     const sstring query = seastar::format("DELETE FROM {}.{} WHERE role = ? AND name = ?",
-            db::system_keyspace::NAME,
+            get_auth_ks_name(_qp),
             ROLE_ATTRIBUTES_CF);
-    co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query,
-            {sstring(role_name), sstring(attribute_name)});
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        co_await _qp.execute_internal(query, {sstring(role_name), sstring(attribute_name)}, cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes).discard_result();
+    } else {
+        co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query,
+                {sstring(role_name), sstring(attribute_name)});
+    }
 }
 
 future<std::vector<cql3::description>> standard_role_manager::describe_role_grants() {

auth/standard_role_manager.hh

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ class standard_role_manager final : public role_manager {
     cache& _cache;
     future<> _stopped;
     abort_source _as;
+    std::string _superuser;
     shared_promise<> _superuser_created_promise;
 
 public:
@@ -96,13 +97,24 @@ private:
         role_set member_of;
     };
 
+    future<> create_legacy_metadata_tables_if_missing() const;
+
+    bool legacy_metadata_exists();
+
+    future<> migrate_legacy_metadata();
+
+    future<> legacy_create_default_role_if_missing();
+
     future<> maybe_create_default_role();
     future<> maybe_create_default_role_with_retries();
 
-    future<> create_or_replace(std::string_view role_name, const role_config&, ::service::group0_batch&);
+    future<> create_or_replace(std::string_view auth_ks_name, std::string_view role_name, const role_config&, ::service::group0_batch&);
+
+    future<> legacy_modify_membership(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view grantee_name, membership_change);
 
     future<> modify_membership(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view grantee_name, membership_change, ::service::group0_batch& mc);
 
+    future<std::optional<record>> legacy_find_record(std::string_view role_name);
     future<std::optional<record>> find_record(std::string_view role_name);
     future<record> require_record(std::string_view role_name);
     future<> collect_roles(

auth/transitional.cc

@@ -8,200 +8,244 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: (LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0 and Apache-2.0)
  */
 
-#include "auth/transitional.hh"
 #include "auth/authenticated_user.hh"
+#include "auth/authenticator.hh"
+#include "auth/authorizer.hh"
 #include "auth/default_authorizer.hh"
 #include "auth/password_authenticator.hh"
+#include "auth/cache.hh"
 #include "auth/permission.hh"
 #include "service/raft/raft_group0_client.hh"
+#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 
 namespace auth {
 
-transitional_authenticator::transitional_authenticator(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& g0, ::service::migration_manager& mm, cache& cache)
-        : transitional_authenticator(std::make_unique<password_authenticator>(qp, g0, mm, cache)) {
+static const sstring PACKAGE_NAME("com.scylladb.auth.");
+
+static const sstring& transitional_authenticator_name() {
+    static const sstring name = PACKAGE_NAME + "TransitionalAuthenticator";
+    return name;
 }
 
-transitional_authenticator::transitional_authenticator(std::unique_ptr<authenticator> a)
-        : _authenticator(std::move(a)) {
+static const sstring& transitional_authorizer_name() {
+    static const sstring name = PACKAGE_NAME + "TransitionalAuthorizer";
+    return name;
 }
 
-future<> transitional_authenticator::start() {
-    return _authenticator->start();
-}
+class transitional_authenticator : public authenticator {
+    std::unique_ptr<authenticator> _authenticator;
 
-future<> transitional_authenticator::stop() {
-    return _authenticator->stop();
-}
+public:
+    static const sstring PASSWORD_AUTHENTICATOR_NAME;
 
-std::string_view transitional_authenticator::qualified_java_name() const {
-    return "com.scylladb.auth.TransitionalAuthenticator";
-}
-
-bool transitional_authenticator::require_authentication() const {
-    return true;
-}
-
-authentication_option_set transitional_authenticator::supported_options() const {
-    return _authenticator->supported_options();
-}
-
-authentication_option_set transitional_authenticator::alterable_options() const {
-    return _authenticator->alterable_options();
-}
-
-future<authenticated_user> transitional_authenticator::authenticate(const credentials_map& credentials) const {
-    auto i = credentials.find(authenticator::USERNAME_KEY);
-    if ((i == credentials.end() || i->second.empty())
-            && (!credentials.contains(PASSWORD_KEY) || credentials.at(PASSWORD_KEY).empty())) {
-        // return anon user
-        return make_ready_future<authenticated_user>(anonymous_user());
+    transitional_authenticator(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& g0, ::service::migration_manager& mm, cache& cache)
+            : transitional_authenticator(std::make_unique<password_authenticator>(qp, g0, mm, cache)) {
     }
-    return make_ready_future().then([this, &credentials] {
-        return _authenticator->authenticate(credentials);
-    }).handle_exception([](auto ep) {
-        try {
-            std::rethrow_exception(ep);
-        } catch (const exceptions::authentication_exception&) {
+    transitional_authenticator(std::unique_ptr<authenticator> a)
+            : _authenticator(std::move(a)) {
+    }
+
+    virtual future<> start() override {
+        return _authenticator->start();
+    }
+
+    virtual future<> stop() override {
+        return _authenticator->stop();
+    }
+
+    virtual std::string_view qualified_java_name() const override {
+        return transitional_authenticator_name();
+    }
+
+    virtual bool require_authentication() const override {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual authentication_option_set supported_options() const override {
+        return _authenticator->supported_options();
+    }
+
+    virtual authentication_option_set alterable_options() const override {
+        return _authenticator->alterable_options();
+    }
+
+    virtual future<authenticated_user> authenticate(const credentials_map& credentials) const override {
+        auto i = credentials.find(authenticator::USERNAME_KEY);
+        if ((i == credentials.end() || i->second.empty())
+                && (!credentials.contains(PASSWORD_KEY) || credentials.at(PASSWORD_KEY).empty())) {
             // return anon user
             return make_ready_future<authenticated_user>(anonymous_user());
         }
-    });
-}
-
-future<> transitional_authenticator::create(std::string_view role_name, const authentication_options& options, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    return _authenticator->create(role_name, options, mc);
-}
-
-future<> transitional_authenticator::alter(std::string_view role_name, const authentication_options& options, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    return _authenticator->alter(role_name, options, mc);
-}
-
-future<> transitional_authenticator::drop(std::string_view role_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    return _authenticator->drop(role_name, mc);
-}
-
-future<custom_options> transitional_authenticator::query_custom_options(std::string_view role_name) const {
-    return _authenticator->query_custom_options(role_name);
-}
-
-bool transitional_authenticator::uses_password_hashes() const {
-    return _authenticator->uses_password_hashes();
-}
-
-future<std::optional<sstring>> transitional_authenticator::get_password_hash(std::string_view role_name) const {
-    return _authenticator->get_password_hash(role_name);
-}
-
-const resource_set& transitional_authenticator::protected_resources() const {
-    return _authenticator->protected_resources();
-}
-
-::shared_ptr<sasl_challenge> transitional_authenticator::new_sasl_challenge() const {
-    class sasl_wrapper : public sasl_challenge {
-    public:
-        sasl_wrapper(::shared_ptr<sasl_challenge> sasl)
-                : _sasl(std::move(sasl)) {
-        }
-
-        virtual bytes evaluate_response(bytes_view client_response) override {
+        return make_ready_future().then([this, &credentials] {
+            return _authenticator->authenticate(credentials);
+        }).handle_exception([](auto ep) {
             try {
-                return _sasl->evaluate_response(client_response);
+                std::rethrow_exception(ep);
             } catch (const exceptions::authentication_exception&) {
-                _complete = true;
-                return {};
+                // return anon user
+                return make_ready_future<authenticated_user>(anonymous_user());
             }
-        }
+        });
+    }
 
-        virtual bool is_complete() const override {
-            return _complete || _sasl->is_complete();
-        }
+    virtual future<> create(std::string_view role_name, const authentication_options& options, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override {
+        return _authenticator->create(role_name, options, mc);
+    }
 
-        virtual future<authenticated_user> get_authenticated_user() const override {
-            return futurize_invoke([this] {
-                return _sasl->get_authenticated_user().handle_exception([](auto ep) {
-                    try {
-                        std::rethrow_exception(ep);
-                    } catch (const exceptions::authentication_exception&) {
-                        // return anon user
-                        return make_ready_future<authenticated_user>(anonymous_user());
-                    }
+    virtual future<> alter(std::string_view role_name, const authentication_options& options, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override {
+        return _authenticator->alter(role_name, options, mc);
+    }
+
+    virtual future<> drop(std::string_view role_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override {
+        return _authenticator->drop(role_name, mc);
+    }
+
+    virtual future<custom_options> query_custom_options(std::string_view role_name) const override {
+        return _authenticator->query_custom_options(role_name);
+    }
+
+    virtual bool uses_password_hashes() const override {
+        return _authenticator->uses_password_hashes();
+    }
+
+    virtual future<std::optional<sstring>> get_password_hash(std::string_view role_name) const override {
+        return _authenticator->get_password_hash(role_name);
+    }
+
+    virtual const resource_set& protected_resources() const override {
+        return _authenticator->protected_resources();
+    }
+
+    virtual ::shared_ptr<sasl_challenge> new_sasl_challenge() const override {
+        class sasl_wrapper : public sasl_challenge {
+        public:
+            sasl_wrapper(::shared_ptr<sasl_challenge> sasl)
+                    : _sasl(std::move(sasl)) {
+            }
+
+            virtual bytes evaluate_response(bytes_view client_response) override {
+                try {
+                    return _sasl->evaluate_response(client_response);
+                } catch (const exceptions::authentication_exception&) {
+                    _complete = true;
+                    return {};
+                }
+            }
+
+            virtual bool is_complete() const override {
+                return _complete || _sasl->is_complete();
+            }
+
+            virtual future<authenticated_user> get_authenticated_user() const override {
+                return futurize_invoke([this] {
+                    return _sasl->get_authenticated_user().handle_exception([](auto ep) {
+                        try {
+                            std::rethrow_exception(ep);
+                        } catch (const exceptions::authentication_exception&) {
+                            // return anon user
+                            return make_ready_future<authenticated_user>(anonymous_user());
+                        }
+                    });
                 });
-            });
-        }
+	    }
 
-        const sstring& get_username() const override {
-            return _sasl->get_username();
-        }
+            const sstring& get_username() const override {
+                return _sasl->get_username();
+            }
 
-    private:
-        ::shared_ptr<sasl_challenge> _sasl;
+        private:
+            ::shared_ptr<sasl_challenge> _sasl;
 
-        bool _complete = false;
-    };
-    return ::make_shared<sasl_wrapper>(_authenticator->new_sasl_challenge());
-}
+            bool _complete = false;
+        };
+        return ::make_shared<sasl_wrapper>(_authenticator->new_sasl_challenge());
+    }
 
-future<> transitional_authenticator::ensure_superuser_is_created() const {
-    return _authenticator->ensure_superuser_is_created();
-}
+    virtual future<> ensure_superuser_is_created() const override {
+        return _authenticator->ensure_superuser_is_created();
+    }
+};
 
-transitional_authorizer::transitional_authorizer(cql3::query_processor& qp)
-        : transitional_authorizer(std::make_unique<default_authorizer>(qp)) {
-}
+class transitional_authorizer : public authorizer {
+    std::unique_ptr<authorizer> _authorizer;
 
-transitional_authorizer::transitional_authorizer(std::unique_ptr<authorizer> a)
-        : _authorizer(std::move(a)) {
-}
+public:
+    transitional_authorizer(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& g0, ::service::migration_manager& mm)
+            : transitional_authorizer(std::make_unique<default_authorizer>(qp, g0, mm)) {
+    }
+    transitional_authorizer(std::unique_ptr<authorizer> a)
+            : _authorizer(std::move(a)) {
+    }
 
-transitional_authorizer::~transitional_authorizer() {
-}
+    ~transitional_authorizer() {
+    }
 
-future<> transitional_authorizer::start() {
-    return _authorizer->start();
-}
+    virtual future<> start() override {
+        return _authorizer->start();
+    }
 
-future<> transitional_authorizer::stop() {
-    return _authorizer->stop();
-}
+    virtual future<> stop() override {
+        return _authorizer->stop();
+    }
 
-std::string_view transitional_authorizer::qualified_java_name() const {
-    return "com.scylladb.auth.TransitionalAuthorizer";
-}
+    virtual std::string_view qualified_java_name() const override {
+        return transitional_authorizer_name();
+    }
 
-future<permission_set> transitional_authorizer::authorize(const role_or_anonymous&, const resource&) const {
-    static const permission_set transitional_permissions =
-            permission_set::of<
-                    permission::CREATE,
-                    permission::ALTER,
-                    permission::DROP,
-                    permission::SELECT,
-                    permission::MODIFY>();
+    virtual future<permission_set> authorize(const role_or_anonymous&, const resource&) const override {
+        static const permission_set transitional_permissions =
+                permission_set::of<
+                        permission::CREATE,
+                        permission::ALTER,
+                        permission::DROP,
+                        permission::SELECT,
+                        permission::MODIFY>();
 
-    return make_ready_future<permission_set>(transitional_permissions);
-}
+        return make_ready_future<permission_set>(transitional_permissions);
+    }
 
-future<> transitional_authorizer::grant(std::string_view s, permission_set ps, const resource& r, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    return _authorizer->grant(s, std::move(ps), r, mc);
-}
+    virtual future<> grant(std::string_view s, permission_set ps, const resource& r, ::service::group0_batch& mc)  override {
+        return _authorizer->grant(s, std::move(ps), r, mc);
+    }
 
-future<> transitional_authorizer::revoke(std::string_view s, permission_set ps, const resource& r, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    return _authorizer->revoke(s, std::move(ps), r, mc);
-}
+    virtual future<> revoke(std::string_view s, permission_set ps, const resource& r, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override {
+        return _authorizer->revoke(s, std::move(ps), r, mc);
+    }
 
-future<std::vector<permission_details>> transitional_authorizer::list_all() const {
-    return _authorizer->list_all();
-}
+    virtual future<std::vector<permission_details>> list_all() const override {
+        return _authorizer->list_all();
+    }
 
-future<> transitional_authorizer::revoke_all(std::string_view s, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    return _authorizer->revoke_all(s, mc);
-}
+    virtual future<> revoke_all(std::string_view s, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override {
+        return _authorizer->revoke_all(s, mc);
+    }
 
-future<> transitional_authorizer::revoke_all(const resource& r, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
-    return _authorizer->revoke_all(r, mc);
-}
+    virtual future<> revoke_all(const resource& r, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override {
+        return _authorizer->revoke_all(r, mc);
+    }
 
-const resource_set& transitional_authorizer::protected_resources() const {
-    return _authorizer->protected_resources();
-}
+    virtual const resource_set& protected_resources() const override {
+        return _authorizer->protected_resources();
+    }
+};
 
 }
+
+//
+// To ensure correct initialization order, we unfortunately need to use string literals.
+//
+
+static const class_registrator<
+        auth::authenticator,
+        auth::transitional_authenticator,
+        cql3::query_processor&,
+        ::service::raft_group0_client&,
+        ::service::migration_manager&,
+        auth::cache&> transitional_authenticator_reg(auth::PACKAGE_NAME + "TransitionalAuthenticator");
+
+static const class_registrator<
+        auth::authorizer,
+        auth::transitional_authorizer,
+        cql3::query_processor&,
+        ::service::raft_group0_client&,
+        ::service::migration_manager&> transitional_authorizer_reg(auth::PACKAGE_NAME + "TransitionalAuthorizer");

auth/transitional.hh

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2026-present ScyllaDB
- *
- * Modified by ScyllaDB
- */
-
-/*
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: (LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0 and Apache-2.0)
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "auth/authenticator.hh"
-#include "auth/authorizer.hh"
-#include "auth/cache.hh"
-
-namespace cql3 {
-class query_processor;
-}
-
-namespace service {
-class raft_group0_client;
-class migration_manager;
-}
-
-namespace auth {
-
-///
-/// Transitional authenticator that allows anonymous access when credentials are not provided
-/// or authentication fails. Used for migration scenarios.
-///
-class transitional_authenticator : public authenticator {
-    std::unique_ptr<authenticator> _authenticator;
-
-public:
-    transitional_authenticator(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& g0, ::service::migration_manager& mm, cache& cache);
-    transitional_authenticator(std::unique_ptr<authenticator> a);
-
-    virtual future<> start() override;
-    virtual future<> stop() override;
-    virtual std::string_view qualified_java_name() const override;
-    virtual bool require_authentication() const override;
-    virtual authentication_option_set supported_options() const override;
-    virtual authentication_option_set alterable_options() const override;
-    virtual future<authenticated_user> authenticate(const credentials_map& credentials) const override;
-    virtual future<> create(std::string_view role_name, const authentication_options& options, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
-    virtual future<> alter(std::string_view role_name, const authentication_options& options, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
-    virtual future<> drop(std::string_view role_name, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
-    virtual future<custom_options> query_custom_options(std::string_view role_name) const override;
-    virtual bool uses_password_hashes() const override;
-    virtual future<std::optional<sstring>> get_password_hash(std::string_view role_name) const override;
-    virtual const resource_set& protected_resources() const override;
-    virtual ::shared_ptr<sasl_challenge> new_sasl_challenge() const override;
-    virtual future<> ensure_superuser_is_created() const override;
-};
-
-///
-/// Transitional authorizer that grants a fixed set of permissions to all users.
-/// Used for migration scenarios.
-///
-class transitional_authorizer : public authorizer {
-    std::unique_ptr<authorizer> _authorizer;
-
-public:
-    transitional_authorizer(cql3::query_processor& qp);
-    transitional_authorizer(std::unique_ptr<authorizer> a);
-    ~transitional_authorizer();
-
-    virtual future<> start() override;
-    virtual future<> stop() override;
-    virtual std::string_view qualified_java_name() const override;
-    virtual future<permission_set> authorize(const role_or_anonymous&, const resource&) const override;
-    virtual future<> grant(std::string_view s, permission_set ps, const resource& r, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
-    virtual future<> revoke(std::string_view s, permission_set ps, const resource& r, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
-    virtual future<std::vector<permission_details>> list_all() const override;
-    virtual future<> revoke_all(std::string_view s, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
-    virtual future<> revoke_all(const resource& r, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
-    virtual const resource_set& protected_resources() const override;
-};
-
-} // namespace auth

cdc/generation.cc

@@ -10,15 +10,24 @@
 #include <random>
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <seastar/core/sleep.hh>
 #include <seastar/core/coroutine.hh>
 #include <seastar/coroutine/maybe_yield.hh>
+#include <seastar/util/later.hh>
 
+#include "gms/endpoint_state.hh"
+#include "gms/versioned_value.hh"
 #include "keys/keys.hh"
 #include "replica/database.hh"
 #include "db/system_keyspace.hh"
+#include "db/system_distributed_keyspace.hh"
 #include "dht/token-sharding.hh"
 #include "locator/token_metadata.hh"
 #include "types/set.hh"
+#include "gms/application_state.hh"
+#include "gms/inet_address.hh"
+#include "gms/gossiper.hh"
+#include "gms/feature_service.hh"
 #include "utils/assert.hh"
 #include "utils/error_injection.hh"
 #include "utils/UUID_gen.hh"
@@ -32,6 +41,16 @@
 
 extern logging::logger cdc_log;
 
+static int get_shard_count(const locator::host_id& endpoint, const gms::gossiper& g) {
+    auto ep_state = g.get_application_state_ptr(endpoint, gms::application_state::SHARD_COUNT);
+    return ep_state ? std::stoi(ep_state->value()) : -1;
+}
+
+static unsigned get_sharding_ignore_msb(const locator::host_id& endpoint, const gms::gossiper& g) {
+    auto ep_state = g.get_application_state_ptr(endpoint, gms::application_state::IGNORE_MSB_BITS);
+    return ep_state ? std::stoi(ep_state->value()) : 0;
+}
+
 namespace db {
     extern thread_local data_type cdc_streams_set_type;
 }
@@ -206,6 +225,12 @@ static std::vector<stream_id> create_stream_ids(
     return result;
 }
 
+bool should_propose_first_generation(const locator::host_id& my_host_id, const gms::gossiper& g) {
+    return g.for_each_endpoint_state_until([&] (const gms::endpoint_state& eps) {
+        return stop_iteration(my_host_id < eps.get_host_id());
+    }) == stop_iteration::no;
+}
+
 bool is_cdc_generation_optimal(const cdc::topology_description& gen, const locator::token_metadata& tm) {
     if (tm.sorted_tokens().size() != gen.entries().size()) {
         // We probably have garbage streams from old generations
@@ -305,6 +330,38 @@ future<utils::chunked_vector<mutation>> get_cdc_generation_mutations_v3(
     co_return co_await get_common_cdc_generation_mutations(s, pkey, std::move(get_ckey), desc, mutation_size_threshold, ts);
 }
 
+// non-static for testing
+size_t limit_of_streams_in_topology_description() {
+    // Each stream takes 16B and we don't want to exceed 4MB so we can have
+    // at most 262144 streams but not less than 1 per vnode.
+    return 4 * 1024 * 1024 / 16;
+}
+
+// non-static for testing
+topology_description limit_number_of_streams_if_needed(topology_description&& desc) {
+    uint64_t streams_count = 0;
+    for (auto& tr_desc : desc.entries()) {
+        streams_count += tr_desc.streams.size();
+    }
+
+    size_t limit = std::max(limit_of_streams_in_topology_description(), desc.entries().size());
+    if (limit >= streams_count) {
+        return std::move(desc);
+    }
+    size_t streams_per_vnode_limit = limit / desc.entries().size();
+    auto entries = std::move(desc).entries();
+    auto start = entries.back().token_range_end;
+    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < entries.size(); ++idx) {
+        auto end = entries[idx].token_range_end;
+        if (entries[idx].streams.size() > streams_per_vnode_limit) {
+            entries[idx].streams =
+                create_stream_ids(idx, start, end, streams_per_vnode_limit, entries[idx].sharding_ignore_msb);
+        }
+        start = end;
+    }
+    return topology_description(std::move(entries));
+}
+
 // Compute a set of tokens that split the token ring into vnodes.
 static auto get_tokens(const std::unordered_set<dht::token>& bootstrap_tokens, const locator::token_metadata_ptr tmptr) {
     auto tokens = tmptr->sorted_tokens();
@@ -362,6 +419,364 @@ db_clock::time_point new_generation_timestamp(bool add_delay, std::chrono::milli
     return ts;
 }
 
+future<cdc::generation_id> generation_service::legacy_make_new_generation(const std::unordered_set<dht::token>& bootstrap_tokens, bool add_delay) {
+    const locator::token_metadata_ptr tmptr = _token_metadata.get();
+
+    // Fetch sharding parameters for a node that owns vnode ending with this token
+    // using gossiped application states.
+    auto get_sharding_info = [&] (dht::token end) -> std::pair<size_t, uint8_t> {
+        if (bootstrap_tokens.contains(end)) {
+            return {smp::count, _cfg.ignore_msb_bits};
+        } else {
+            auto endpoint = tmptr->get_endpoint(end);
+            if (!endpoint) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(
+                        format("Can't find endpoint for token {}", end));
+            }
+            auto sc = get_shard_count(*endpoint, _gossiper);
+            return {sc > 0 ? sc : 1, get_sharding_ignore_msb(*endpoint, _gossiper)};
+        }
+    };
+
+    auto uuid = utils::make_random_uuid();
+    auto gen = make_new_generation_description(bootstrap_tokens, get_sharding_info, tmptr);
+
+    // Our caller should ensure that there are normal tokens in the token ring.
+    auto normal_token_owners = tmptr->count_normal_token_owners();
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(normal_token_owners);
+
+    if (_feature_service.cdc_generations_v2) {
+        cdc_log.info("Inserting new generation data at UUID {}", uuid);
+        // This may take a while.
+        co_await _sys_dist_ks.local().insert_cdc_generation(uuid, gen, { normal_token_owners });
+
+        // Begin the race.
+        cdc::generation_id_v2 gen_id{new_generation_timestamp(add_delay, _cfg.ring_delay), uuid};
+
+        cdc_log.info("New CDC generation: {}", gen_id);
+        co_return gen_id;
+    }
+
+    // The CDC_GENERATIONS_V2 feature is not enabled: some nodes may still not understand the V2 format.
+    // We must create a generation in the old format.
+
+    // If the cluster is large we may end up with a generation that contains
+    // large number of streams. This is problematic because we store the
+    // generation in a single row (V1 format). For a generation with large number of rows
+    // this will lead to a row that can be as big as 32MB. This is much more
+    // than the limit imposed by commitlog_segment_size_in_mb. If the size of
+    // the row that describes a new generation grows above
+    // commitlog_segment_size_in_mb, the write will fail and the new node won't
+    // be able to join. To avoid such problem we make sure that such row is
+    // always smaller than 4MB. We do that by removing some CDC streams from
+    // each vnode if the total number of streams is too large.
+    gen = limit_number_of_streams_if_needed(std::move(gen));
+
+    cdc_log.warn(
+        "Creating a new CDC generation in the old storage format due to a partially upgraded cluster:"
+        " the CDC_GENERATIONS_V2 feature is known by this node, but not enabled in the cluster."
+        " The old storage format forces us to create a suboptimal generation."
+        " It is recommended to finish the upgrade and then create a new generation either by bootstrapping"
+        " a new node or running the checkAndRepairCdcStreams nodetool command.");
+
+    // Begin the race.
+    cdc::generation_id_v1 gen_id{new_generation_timestamp(add_delay, _cfg.ring_delay)};
+
+    co_await _sys_dist_ks.local().insert_cdc_topology_description(gen_id, std::move(gen), { normal_token_owners });
+
+    cdc_log.info("New CDC generation: {}", gen_id);
+    co_return gen_id;
+}
+
+/* Retrieves CDC streams generation timestamp from the given endpoint's application state (broadcasted through gossip).
+ * We might be during a rolling upgrade, so the timestamp might not be there (if the other node didn't upgrade yet),
+ * but if the cluster already supports CDC, then every newly joining node will propose a new CDC generation,
+ * which means it will gossip the generation's timestamp.
+ */
+static std::optional<cdc::generation_id> get_generation_id_for(const locator::host_id& endpoint, const gms::endpoint_state& eps) {
+    const auto* gen_id_ptr = eps.get_application_state_ptr(gms::application_state::CDC_GENERATION_ID);
+    if (!gen_id_ptr) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    auto gen_id_string = gen_id_ptr->value();
+    cdc_log.trace("endpoint={}, gen_id_string={}", endpoint, gen_id_string);
+    return gms::versioned_value::cdc_generation_id_from_string(gen_id_string);
+}
+
+static future<std::optional<cdc::topology_description>> retrieve_generation_data_v2(
+        cdc::generation_id_v2 id,
+        db::system_keyspace& sys_ks,
+        db::system_distributed_keyspace& sys_dist_ks) {
+    auto cdc_gen = co_await sys_dist_ks.read_cdc_generation(id.id);
+
+    if (!cdc_gen && id.id.is_timestamp()) {
+        // If we entered legacy mode due to recovery, we (or some other node)
+        // might gossip about a generation that was previously propagated
+        // through raft. If that's the case, it will sit in
+        // the system.cdc_generations_v3 table.
+        //
+        // If the provided id is not a timeuuid, we don't want to query
+        // the system.cdc_generations_v3 table. This table stores generation
+        // ids as timeuuids. If the provided id is not a timeuuid, the
+        // generation cannot be in system.cdc_generations_v3. Also, the query
+        // would fail with a marshaling error.
+        cdc_gen = co_await sys_ks.read_cdc_generation_opt(id.id);
+    }
+
+    co_return cdc_gen;
+}
+
+static future<std::optional<cdc::topology_description>> retrieve_generation_data(
+        cdc::generation_id gen_id,
+        db::system_keyspace& sys_ks,
+        db::system_distributed_keyspace& sys_dist_ks,
+        db::system_distributed_keyspace::context ctx) {
+    return std::visit(make_visitor(
+    [&] (const cdc::generation_id_v1& id) {
+        return sys_dist_ks.read_cdc_topology_description(id, ctx);
+    },
+    [&] (const cdc::generation_id_v2& id) {
+        return retrieve_generation_data_v2(id, sys_ks, sys_dist_ks);
+    }
+    ), gen_id);
+}
+
+static future<> do_update_streams_description(
+        cdc::generation_id gen_id,
+        db::system_keyspace& sys_ks,
+        db::system_distributed_keyspace& sys_dist_ks,
+        db::system_distributed_keyspace::context ctx) {
+    if (co_await sys_dist_ks.cdc_desc_exists(get_ts(gen_id), ctx)) {
+        cdc_log.info("Generation {}: streams description table already updated.", gen_id);
+        co_return;
+    }
+
+    // We might race with another node also inserting the description, but that's ok. It's an idempotent operation.
+
+    auto topo = co_await retrieve_generation_data(gen_id, sys_ks, sys_dist_ks, ctx);
+    if (!topo) {
+        throw no_generation_data_exception(gen_id);
+    }
+
+    co_await sys_dist_ks.create_cdc_desc(get_ts(gen_id), *topo, ctx);
+    cdc_log.info("CDC description table successfully updated with generation {}.", gen_id);
+}
+
+/* Inform CDC users about a generation of streams (identified by the given timestamp)
+ * by inserting it into the cdc_streams table.
+ *
+ * Assumes that the cdc_generation_descriptions table contains this generation.
+ *
+ * Returning from this function does not mean that the table update was successful: the function
+ * might run an asynchronous task in the background.
+ */
+static future<> update_streams_description(
+        cdc::generation_id gen_id,
+        db::system_keyspace& sys_ks,
+        shared_ptr<db::system_distributed_keyspace> sys_dist_ks,
+        noncopyable_function<unsigned()> get_num_token_owners,
+        abort_source& abort_src) {
+    try {
+        co_await do_update_streams_description(gen_id, sys_ks, *sys_dist_ks, { get_num_token_owners() });
+    } catch (...) {
+        cdc_log.warn(
+            "Could not update CDC description table with generation {}: {}. Will retry in the background.",
+            gen_id, std::current_exception());
+
+        // It is safe to discard this future: we keep system distributed keyspace alive.
+        (void)(([] (cdc::generation_id gen_id,
+                    db::system_keyspace& sys_ks,
+                    shared_ptr<db::system_distributed_keyspace> sys_dist_ks,
+                    noncopyable_function<unsigned()> get_num_token_owners,
+                    abort_source& abort_src) -> future<> {
+            while (true) {
+                try {
+                    co_await sleep_abortable(std::chrono::seconds(60), abort_src);
+                } catch (seastar::sleep_aborted&) {
+                    cdc_log.warn( "Aborted update CDC description table with generation {}", gen_id);
+                    co_return;
+                }
+                try {
+                    co_await do_update_streams_description(gen_id, sys_ks, *sys_dist_ks, { get_num_token_owners() });
+                    co_return;
+                } catch (...) {
+                    cdc_log.warn(
+                        "Could not update CDC description table with generation {}: {}. Will try again.",
+                        gen_id, std::current_exception());
+                }
+            }
+        })(gen_id, sys_ks, std::move(sys_dist_ks), std::move(get_num_token_owners), abort_src));
+    }
+}
+
+static db_clock::time_point as_timepoint(const utils::UUID& uuid) {
+    return db_clock::time_point(utils::UUID_gen::unix_timestamp(uuid));
+}
+
+static future<std::vector<db_clock::time_point>> get_cdc_desc_v1_timestamps(
+        db::system_distributed_keyspace& sys_dist_ks,
+        abort_source& abort_src,
+        const noncopyable_function<unsigned()>& get_num_token_owners) {
+    while (true) {
+        try {
+            co_return co_await sys_dist_ks.get_cdc_desc_v1_timestamps({ get_num_token_owners() });
+        } catch (...) {
+            cdc_log.warn(
+                    "Failed to retrieve generation timestamps for rewriting: {}. Retrying in 60s.",
+                    std::current_exception());
+        }
+        co_await sleep_abortable(std::chrono::seconds(60), abort_src);
+    }
+}
+
+// Contains a CDC log table's creation time (extracted from its schema's id)
+// and its CDC TTL setting.
+struct time_and_ttl {
+    db_clock::time_point creation_time;
+    int ttl;
+};
+
+/*
+ * See `maybe_rewrite_streams_descriptions`.
+ * This is the long-running-in-the-background part of that function.
+ * It returns the timestamp of the last rewritten generation (if any).
+ */
+static future<std::optional<cdc::generation_id_v1>> rewrite_streams_descriptions(
+        std::vector<time_and_ttl> times_and_ttls,
+        db::system_keyspace& sys_ks,
+        shared_ptr<db::system_distributed_keyspace> sys_dist_ks,
+        noncopyable_function<unsigned()> get_num_token_owners,
+        abort_source& abort_src) {
+    cdc_log.info("Retrieving generation timestamps for rewriting...");
+    auto tss = co_await get_cdc_desc_v1_timestamps(*sys_dist_ks, abort_src, get_num_token_owners);
+    cdc_log.info("Generation timestamps retrieved.");
+
+    // Find first generation timestamp such that some CDC log table may contain data before this timestamp.
+    // This predicate is monotonic w.r.t the timestamps.
+    auto now = db_clock::now();
+    std::sort(tss.begin(), tss.end());
+    auto first = std::partition_point(tss.begin(), tss.end(), [&] (db_clock::time_point ts) {
+        // partition_point finds first element that does *not* satisfy the predicate.
+        return std::none_of(times_and_ttls.begin(), times_and_ttls.end(),
+                [&] (const time_and_ttl& tat) {
+            // In this CDC log table there are no entries older than the table's creation time
+            // or (now - the table's ttl). We subtract 10s to account for some possible clock drift.
+            // If ttl is set to 0 then entries in this table never expire. In that case we look
+            // only at the table's creation time.
+            auto no_entries_older_than =
+                (tat.ttl == 0 ? tat.creation_time : std::max(tat.creation_time, now - std::chrono::seconds(tat.ttl)))
+                    - std::chrono::seconds(10);
+            return no_entries_older_than < ts;
+        });
+    });
+
+    // Find first generation timestamp such that some CDC log table may contain data in this generation.
+    // This and all later generations need to be written to the new streams table.
+    if (first != tss.begin()) {
+        --first;
+    }
+
+    if (first == tss.end()) {
+        cdc_log.info("No generations to rewrite.");
+        co_return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    cdc_log.info("First generation to rewrite: {}", *first);
+
+    bool each_success = true;
+    co_await max_concurrent_for_each(first, tss.end(), 10, [&] (db_clock::time_point ts) -> future<> {
+        while (true) {
+            try {
+                co_return co_await do_update_streams_description(cdc::generation_id_v1{ts}, sys_ks, *sys_dist_ks, { get_num_token_owners() });
+            } catch (const no_generation_data_exception& e) {
+                cdc_log.error("Failed to rewrite streams for generation {}: {}. Giving up.", ts, e);
+                each_success = false;
+                co_return;
+            } catch (...) {
+                cdc_log.warn("Failed to rewrite streams for generation {}: {}. Retrying in 60s.", ts, std::current_exception());
+            }
+            co_await sleep_abortable(std::chrono::seconds(60), abort_src);
+        }
+    });
+
+    if (each_success) {
+        cdc_log.info("Rewriting stream tables finished successfully.");
+    } else {
+        cdc_log.info("Rewriting stream tables finished, but some generations could not be rewritten (check the logs).");
+    }
+
+    if (first != tss.end()) {
+        co_return cdc::generation_id_v1{*std::prev(tss.end())};
+    }
+
+    co_return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+future<> generation_service::maybe_rewrite_streams_descriptions() {
+    if (!_db.has_schema(_sys_dist_ks.local().NAME, _sys_dist_ks.local().CDC_DESC_V1)) {
+        // This cluster never went through a Scylla version which used this table
+        // or the user deleted the table. Nothing to do.
+        co_return;
+    }
+
+    if (co_await _sys_ks.local().cdc_is_rewritten()) {
+        co_return;
+    }
+
+    if (_cfg.dont_rewrite_streams) {
+        cdc_log.warn("Stream rewriting disabled. Manual administrator intervention may be required...");
+        co_return;
+    }
+
+    // For each CDC log table get the TTL setting (from CDC options) and the table's creation time
+    std::vector<time_and_ttl> times_and_ttls;
+    _db.get_tables_metadata().for_each_table([&] (table_id, lw_shared_ptr<replica::table> t) {
+        auto& s = *t->schema();
+        auto base = cdc::get_base_table(_db, s.ks_name(), s.cf_name());
+        if (!base) {
+            // Not a CDC log table.
+            return;
+        }
+        auto& cdc_opts = base->cdc_options();
+        if (!cdc_opts.enabled()) {
+            // This table is named like a CDC log table but it's not one.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        times_and_ttls.push_back(time_and_ttl{as_timepoint(s.id().uuid()), cdc_opts.ttl()});
+    });
+
+    if (times_and_ttls.empty()) {
+        // There's no point in rewriting old generations' streams (they don't contain any data).
+        cdc_log.info("No CDC log tables present, not rewriting stream tables.");
+        co_return co_await _sys_ks.local().cdc_set_rewritten(std::nullopt);
+    }
+
+    auto get_num_token_owners = [tm = _token_metadata.get()] { return tm->count_normal_token_owners(); };
+
+    // This code is racing with node startup. At this point, we're most likely still waiting for gossip to settle
+    // and some nodes that are UP may still be marked as DOWN by us.
+    // Let's sleep a bit to increase the chance that the first attempt at rewriting succeeds (it's still ok if
+    // it doesn't - we'll retry - but it's nice if we succeed without any warnings).
+    co_await sleep_abortable(std::chrono::seconds(10), _abort_src);
+
+    cdc_log.info("Rewriting stream tables in the background...");
+    auto last_rewritten = co_await rewrite_streams_descriptions(
+            std::move(times_and_ttls),
+            _sys_ks.local(),
+            _sys_dist_ks.local_shared(),
+            std::move(get_num_token_owners),
+            _abort_src);
+
+    co_await _sys_ks.local().cdc_set_rewritten(last_rewritten);
+}
+
+static void assert_shard_zero(const sstring& where) {
+    if (this_shard_id() != 0) {
+        on_internal_error(cdc_log, format("`{}`: must be run on shard 0", where));
+    }
+}
+
 class and_reducer {
 private:
     bool _result = true;
@@ -388,26 +803,195 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
+class generation_handling_nonfatal_exception : public std::runtime_error {
+    using std::runtime_error::runtime_error;
+};
+
+constexpr char could_not_retrieve_msg_template[]
+        = "Could not retrieve CDC streams with timestamp {} upon gossip event. Reason: \"{}\". Action: {}.";
+
 generation_service::generation_service(
-            config cfg,
+            config cfg, gms::gossiper& g, sharded<db::system_distributed_keyspace>& sys_dist_ks,
             sharded<db::system_keyspace>& sys_ks,
+            abort_source& abort_src, const locator::shared_token_metadata& stm, gms::feature_service& f,
             replica::database& db)
         : _cfg(std::move(cfg))
+        , _gossiper(g)
+        , _sys_dist_ks(sys_dist_ks)
         , _sys_ks(sys_ks)
+        , _abort_src(abort_src)
+        , _token_metadata(stm)
+        , _feature_service(f)
         , _db(db)
 {
 }
 
 future<> generation_service::stop() {
+    try {
+        co_await std::move(_cdc_streams_rewrite_complete);
+    } catch (...) {
+        cdc_log.error("CDC stream rewrite failed: ", std::current_exception());
+    }
+
+    if (_joined && (this_shard_id() == 0)) {
+        co_await leave_ring();
+    }
+
     _stopped = true;
-    return make_ready_future<>();
 }
 
 generation_service::~generation_service() {
     SCYLLA_ASSERT(_stopped);
 }
 
-future<> generation_service::handle_cdc_generation(cdc::generation_id gen_id) {
+future<> generation_service::after_join(std::optional<cdc::generation_id>&& startup_gen_id) {
+    assert_shard_zero(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+
+    _gen_id = std::move(startup_gen_id);
+    _gossiper.register_(shared_from_this());
+
+    _joined = true;
+
+    // Retrieve the latest CDC generation seen in gossip (if any).
+    co_await legacy_scan_cdc_generations();
+
+    // Ensure that the new CDC stream description table has all required streams.
+    // See the function's comment for details.
+    //
+    // Since this depends on the entire cluster (and therefore we cannot guarantee
+    // timely completion), run it in the background and wait for it in stop().
+    _cdc_streams_rewrite_complete = maybe_rewrite_streams_descriptions();
+}
+
+future<> generation_service::leave_ring() {
+    assert_shard_zero(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+    _joined = false;
+    co_await _gossiper.unregister_(shared_from_this());
+}
+
+future<> generation_service::on_join(gms::inet_address ep, locator::host_id id, gms::endpoint_state_ptr ep_state, gms::permit_id pid) {
+    return on_change(ep, id, ep_state->get_application_state_map(), pid);
+}
+
+future<> generation_service::on_change(gms::inet_address ep, locator::host_id id, const gms::application_state_map& states, gms::permit_id pid) {
+    assert_shard_zero(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+
+    return make_ready_future<>();
+}
+
+future<> generation_service::check_and_repair_cdc_streams() {
+    // FIXME: support Raft group 0-based topology changes
+    if (!_joined) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("check_and_repair_cdc_streams: node not initialized yet");
+    }
+
+    std::optional<cdc::generation_id> latest = _gen_id;
+    _gossiper.for_each_endpoint_state([&] (const gms::endpoint_state& state) {
+        auto addr = state.get_host_id();
+        if (_gossiper.is_left(addr)) {
+            cdc_log.info("check_and_repair_cdc_streams ignored node {} because it is in LEFT state", addr);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!_gossiper.is_normal(addr)) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format("All nodes must be in NORMAL or LEFT state while performing check_and_repair_cdc_streams"
+                    " ({} is in state {})", addr, _gossiper.get_gossip_status(state)));
+        }
+
+        const auto gen_id = get_generation_id_for(addr, state);
+        if (!latest || (gen_id && get_ts(*gen_id) > get_ts(*latest))) {
+            latest = gen_id;
+        }
+    });
+
+    auto tmptr = _token_metadata.get();
+    auto sys_dist_ks = get_sys_dist_ks();
+
+    bool should_regenerate = false;
+
+    if (!latest) {
+        cdc_log.warn("check_and_repair_cdc_streams: no generation observed in gossip");
+        should_regenerate = true;
+    } else if (std::holds_alternative<cdc::generation_id_v1>(*latest)
+            && _feature_service.cdc_generations_v2) {
+        cdc_log.info(
+            "Cluster still using CDC generation storage format V1 (id: {}), even though it already understands the V2 format."
+            " Creating a new generation using V2.", *latest);
+        should_regenerate = true;
+    } else {
+        cdc_log.info("check_and_repair_cdc_streams: last generation observed in gossip: {}", *latest);
+
+        static const auto timeout_msg = "Timeout while fetching CDC topology description";
+        static const auto topology_read_error_note = "Note: this is likely caused by"
+                " node(s) being down or unreachable. It is recommended to check the network and"
+                " restart/remove the failed node(s), then retry checkAndRepairCdcStreams command";
+        static const auto exception_translating_msg = "Translating the exception to `request_execution_exception`";
+
+        std::optional<topology_description> gen;
+        try {
+            gen = co_await retrieve_generation_data(*latest, _sys_ks.local(), *sys_dist_ks, { tmptr->count_normal_token_owners() });
+        } catch (exceptions::request_timeout_exception& e) {
+            cdc_log.error("{}: \"{}\". {}.", timeout_msg, e.what(), exception_translating_msg);
+            throw exceptions::request_execution_exception(exceptions::exception_code::READ_TIMEOUT,
+                    format("{}. {}.", timeout_msg, topology_read_error_note));
+        } catch (exceptions::unavailable_exception& e) {
+            static const auto unavailable_msg = "Node(s) unavailable while fetching CDC topology description";
+            cdc_log.error("{}: \"{}\". {}.", unavailable_msg, e.what(), exception_translating_msg);
+            throw exceptions::request_execution_exception(exceptions::exception_code::UNAVAILABLE,
+                    format("{}. {}.", unavailable_msg, topology_read_error_note));
+        } catch (...) {
+            const auto ep = std::current_exception();
+            if (is_timeout_exception(ep)) {
+                cdc_log.error("{}: \"{}\". {}.", timeout_msg, ep, exception_translating_msg);
+                throw exceptions::request_execution_exception(exceptions::exception_code::READ_TIMEOUT,
+                        format("{}. {}.", timeout_msg, topology_read_error_note));
+            }
+            // On exotic errors proceed with regeneration
+            cdc_log.error("Exception while reading CDC topology description: \"{}\". Regenerating streams anyway.", ep);
+            should_regenerate = true;
+        }
+
+        if (!gen) {
+            cdc_log.error(
+                "Could not find CDC generation with timestamp {} in distributed system tables (current time: {}),"
+                " even though some node gossiped about it.",
+                latest, db_clock::now());
+            should_regenerate = true;
+        } else if (!is_cdc_generation_optimal(*gen, *tmptr)) {
+            should_regenerate = true;
+            cdc_log.info("CDC generation {} needs repair, regenerating", latest);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!should_regenerate) {
+        if (latest != _gen_id) {
+            co_await legacy_do_handle_cdc_generation(*latest);
+        }
+        cdc_log.info("CDC generation {} does not need repair", latest);
+        co_return;
+    }
+
+    const auto new_gen_id = co_await legacy_make_new_generation({}, true);
+
+    // Need to artificially update our STATUS so other nodes handle the generation ID change
+    // FIXME: after 0e0282cd nodes do not require a STATUS update to react to CDC generation changes.
+    // The artificial STATUS update here should eventually be removed (in a few releases).
+    auto status = _gossiper.get_this_endpoint_state_ptr()->get_application_state_ptr(gms::application_state::STATUS);
+    if (!status) {
+        cdc_log.error("Our STATUS is missing");
+        cdc_log.error("Aborting CDC generation repair due to missing STATUS");
+        co_return;
+    }
+    // Update _gen_id first, so that legacy_do_handle_cdc_generation (which will get called due to the status update)
+    // won't try to update the gossiper, which would result in a deadlock inside add_local_application_state
+    _gen_id = new_gen_id;
+    co_await _gossiper.add_local_application_state(
+            std::pair(gms::application_state::CDC_GENERATION_ID, gms::versioned_value::cdc_generation_id(new_gen_id)),
+            std::pair(gms::application_state::STATUS, *status)
+    );
+    co_await _sys_ks.local().update_cdc_generation_id(new_gen_id);
+}
+
+future<> generation_service::handle_cdc_generation(cdc::generation_id_v2 gen_id) {
     auto ts = get_ts(gen_id);
     if (co_await container().map_reduce(and_reducer(), [ts] (generation_service& svc) {
         return !svc._cdc_metadata.prepare(ts);
@@ -429,8 +1013,171 @@ future<> generation_service::handle_cdc_generation(cdc::generation_id gen_id) {
     }
 }
 
+future<> generation_service::legacy_handle_cdc_generation(std::optional<cdc::generation_id> gen_id) {
+    assert_shard_zero(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+
+    if (!gen_id) {
+        co_return;
+    }
+
+    if (!_sys_dist_ks.local_is_initialized() || !_sys_dist_ks.local().started()) {
+        on_internal_error(cdc_log, "Legacy handle CDC generation with sys.dist.ks. down");
+    }
+
+    // The service should not be listening for generation changes until after the node
+    // is bootstrapped and since the node leaves the ring on decommission
+
+    if (co_await container().map_reduce(and_reducer(), [ts = get_ts(*gen_id)] (generation_service& svc) {
+        return !svc._cdc_metadata.prepare(ts);
+    })) {
+        co_return;
+    }
+
+    bool using_this_gen = false;
+    try {
+        using_this_gen = co_await legacy_do_handle_cdc_generation_intercept_nonfatal_errors(*gen_id);
+    } catch (generation_handling_nonfatal_exception& e) {
+        cdc_log.warn(could_not_retrieve_msg_template, gen_id, e.what(), "retrying in the background");
+        legacy_async_handle_cdc_generation(*gen_id);
+        co_return;
+    } catch (...) {
+        cdc_log.error(could_not_retrieve_msg_template, gen_id, std::current_exception(), "not retrying");
+        co_return; // Exotic ("fatal") exception => do not retry
+    }
+
+    if (using_this_gen) {
+        cdc_log.info("Starting to use generation {}", *gen_id);
+        co_await update_streams_description(*gen_id, _sys_ks.local(), get_sys_dist_ks(),
+                [&tm = _token_metadata] { return tm.get()->count_normal_token_owners(); },
+                _abort_src);
+    }
+}
+
+void generation_service::legacy_async_handle_cdc_generation(cdc::generation_id gen_id) {
+    assert_shard_zero(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+
+    (void)(([] (cdc::generation_id gen_id, shared_ptr<generation_service> svc) -> future<> {
+        while (true) {
+            co_await sleep_abortable(std::chrono::seconds(5), svc->_abort_src);
+
+            try {
+                bool using_this_gen = co_await svc->legacy_do_handle_cdc_generation_intercept_nonfatal_errors(gen_id);
+                if (using_this_gen) {
+                    cdc_log.info("Starting to use generation {}", gen_id);
+                    co_await update_streams_description(gen_id, svc->_sys_ks.local(), svc->get_sys_dist_ks(),
+                            [&tm = svc->_token_metadata] { return tm.get()->count_normal_token_owners(); },
+                            svc->_abort_src);
+                }
+                co_return;
+            } catch (generation_handling_nonfatal_exception& e) {
+                cdc_log.warn(could_not_retrieve_msg_template, gen_id, e.what(), "continuing to retry in the background");
+            } catch (...) {
+                cdc_log.error(could_not_retrieve_msg_template, gen_id, std::current_exception(), "not retrying anymore");
+                co_return; // Exotic ("fatal") exception => do not retry
+            }
+
+            if (co_await svc->container().map_reduce(and_reducer(), [ts = get_ts(gen_id)] (generation_service& svc) {
+                return svc._cdc_metadata.known_or_obsolete(ts);
+            })) {
+                co_return;
+            }
+        }
+    })(gen_id, shared_from_this()));
+}
+
+future<> generation_service::legacy_scan_cdc_generations() {
+    assert_shard_zero(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+
+    std::optional<cdc::generation_id> latest;
+    _gossiper.for_each_endpoint_state([&] (const gms::endpoint_state& eps) {
+        auto gen_id = get_generation_id_for(eps.get_host_id(), eps);
+        if (!latest || (gen_id && get_ts(*gen_id) > get_ts(*latest))) {
+            latest = gen_id;
+        }
+    });
+
+    if (latest) {
+        cdc_log.info("Latest generation seen during startup: {}", *latest);
+        co_await legacy_handle_cdc_generation(latest);
+    } else {
+        cdc_log.info("No generation seen during startup.");
+    }
+}
+
+future<bool> generation_service::legacy_do_handle_cdc_generation_intercept_nonfatal_errors(cdc::generation_id gen_id) {
+    assert_shard_zero(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+
+    // Use futurize_invoke to catch all exceptions from legacy_do_handle_cdc_generation.
+    return futurize_invoke([this, gen_id] {
+        return legacy_do_handle_cdc_generation(gen_id);
+    }).handle_exception([] (std::exception_ptr ep) -> future<bool> {
+        try {
+            std::rethrow_exception(ep);
+        } catch (exceptions::request_timeout_exception& e) {
+            throw generation_handling_nonfatal_exception(e.what());
+        } catch (exceptions::unavailable_exception& e) {
+            throw generation_handling_nonfatal_exception(e.what());
+        } catch (exceptions::read_failure_exception& e) {
+            throw generation_handling_nonfatal_exception(e.what());
+        } catch (...) {
+            const auto ep = std::current_exception();
+            if (is_timeout_exception(ep)) {
+                throw generation_handling_nonfatal_exception(format("{}", ep));
+            }
+            throw;
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+future<bool> generation_service::legacy_do_handle_cdc_generation(cdc::generation_id gen_id) {
+    assert_shard_zero(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+
+    auto sys_dist_ks = get_sys_dist_ks();
+    auto gen = co_await retrieve_generation_data(gen_id, _sys_ks.local(), *sys_dist_ks, { _token_metadata.get()->count_normal_token_owners() });
+    if (!gen) {
+        // This may happen during raft upgrade when a node gossips about a generation that
+        // was propagated through raft and we didn't apply it yet.
+        throw generation_handling_nonfatal_exception(fmt::format(
+            "Could not find CDC generation {} in distributed system tables (current time: {}),"
+            " even though some node gossiped about it.",
+            gen_id, db_clock::now()));
+    }
+
+    // We always gossip about the generation with the greatest timestamp. Specific nodes may remember older generations,
+    // but eventually they forget when their clocks move past the latest generation's timestamp.
+    // The cluster as a whole is only interested in the last generation so restarting nodes may learn what it is.
+    // We assume that generation changes don't happen ``too often'' so every node can learn about a generation
+    // before it is superseded by a newer one which causes nodes to start gossiping the about the newer one.
+    // The assumption follows from the requirement of bootstrapping nodes sequentially.
+    if (!_gen_id || get_ts(*_gen_id) < get_ts(gen_id)) {
+        _gen_id = gen_id;
+        co_await _sys_ks.local().update_cdc_generation_id(gen_id);
+        co_await _gossiper.add_local_application_state(
+                gms::application_state::CDC_GENERATION_ID, gms::versioned_value::cdc_generation_id(gen_id));
+    }
+
+    // Return `true` iff the generation was inserted on any of our shards.
+    co_return co_await container().map_reduce(or_reducer(),
+            [ts = get_ts(gen_id), &gen] (generation_service& svc) -> future<bool> {
+        // We need to copy it here before awaiting anything to avoid destruction of the captures.
+        const auto timestamp = ts;
+        topology_description gen_copy = co_await gen->clone_async();
+        co_return svc._cdc_metadata.insert(timestamp, std::move(gen_copy));
+    });
+}
+
+shared_ptr<db::system_distributed_keyspace> generation_service::get_sys_dist_ks() {
+    assert_shard_zero(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+
+    if (!_sys_dist_ks.local_is_initialized()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("system distributed keyspace not initialized");
+    }
+
+    return _sys_dist_ks.local_shared();
+}
+
 db_clock::time_point get_ts(const generation_id& gen_id) {
-    return gen_id.ts;
+    return std::visit([] (auto& id) { return id.ts; }, gen_id);
 }
 
 future<mutation> create_table_streams_mutation(table_id table, db_clock::time_point stream_ts, const locator::tablet_map& map, api::timestamp_type ts) {

cdc/generation.hh

@@ -34,6 +34,16 @@ namespace seastar {
     class abort_source;
 } // namespace seastar
 
+namespace db {
+    class config;
+    class system_distributed_keyspace;
+} // namespace db
+
+namespace gms {
+    class inet_address;
+    class gossiper;
+} // namespace gms
+
 namespace locator {
     class tablet_map;
 } // namespace locator
@@ -143,6 +153,23 @@ struct cdc_stream_diff {
 
 using table_streams = std::map<api::timestamp_type, committed_stream_set>;
 
+class no_generation_data_exception : public std::runtime_error {
+public:
+    no_generation_data_exception(cdc::generation_id generation_ts)
+        : std::runtime_error(fmt::format("could not find generation data for timestamp {}", generation_ts))
+    {}
+};
+
+/* Should be called when we're restarting and we noticed that we didn't save any streams timestamp in our local tables,
+ * which means that we're probably upgrading from a non-CDC/old CDC version (another reason could be
+ * that there's a bug, or the user messed with our local tables).
+ *
+ * It checks whether we should be the node to propose the first generation of CDC streams.
+ * The chosen condition is arbitrary, it only tries to make sure that no two nodes propose a generation of streams
+ * when upgrading, and nothing bad happens if they for some reason do (it's mostly an optimization).
+ */
+bool should_propose_first_generation(const locator::host_id& me, const gms::gossiper&);
+
 /*
  * Checks if the CDC generation is optimal, which is true if its `topology_description` is consistent
  * with `token_metadata`.

cdc/generation_id.hh

@@ -15,22 +15,48 @@
 
 namespace cdc {
 
+struct generation_id_v1 {
+    db_clock::time_point ts;
+    bool operator==(const generation_id_v1&) const = default;
+};
 
-struct generation_id {
+struct generation_id_v2 {
     db_clock::time_point ts;
     utils::UUID id;
-    bool operator==(const generation_id&) const = default;
+    bool operator==(const generation_id_v2&) const = default;
 };
 
+using generation_id = std::variant<generation_id_v1, generation_id_v2>;
+
 db_clock::time_point get_ts(const generation_id&);
 
 } // namespace cdc
 
+template <>
+struct fmt::formatter<cdc::generation_id_v1> {
+    constexpr auto parse(format_parse_context& ctx) { return ctx.begin(); }
+    template <typename FormatContext>
+    auto format(const cdc::generation_id_v1& gen_id, FormatContext& ctx) const {
+        return fmt::format_to(ctx.out(), "{}", gen_id.ts);
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct fmt::formatter<cdc::generation_id_v2> {
+    constexpr auto parse(format_parse_context& ctx) { return ctx.begin(); }
+    template <typename FormatContext>
+    auto format(const cdc::generation_id_v2& gen_id, FormatContext& ctx) const {
+        return fmt::format_to(ctx.out(), "({}, {})", gen_id.ts, gen_id.id);
+    }
+};
+
 template <>
 struct fmt::formatter<cdc::generation_id> {
     constexpr auto parse(format_parse_context& ctx) { return ctx.begin(); }
     template <typename FormatContext>
     auto format(const cdc::generation_id& gen_id, FormatContext& ctx) const {
-        return fmt::format_to(ctx.out(), "({}, {})", gen_id.ts, gen_id.id);
+        return std::visit([&ctx] (auto& id) {
+            return fmt::format_to(ctx.out(), "{}", id);
+        }, gen_id);
     }
 };

cdc/generation_service.hh

@@ -11,51 +11,135 @@
 #include <seastar/core/sharded.hh>
 #include "cdc/metadata.hh"
 #include "cdc/generation_id.hh"
+#include "gms/i_endpoint_state_change_subscriber.hh"
 
 namespace db {
+class system_distributed_keyspace;
 class system_keyspace;
 }
 
+namespace gms {
+class gossiper;
+class feature_service;
+}
+
+namespace seastar {
+class abort_source;
+}
+
 namespace locator {
+class shared_token_metadata;
 class tablet_map;
 }
 
 namespace cdc {
 
 class generation_service : public peering_sharded_service<generation_service>
-                         , public async_sharded_service<generation_service> {
+                         , public async_sharded_service<generation_service>
+                         , public gms::i_endpoint_state_change_subscriber {
 public:
     struct config {
+        unsigned ignore_msb_bits;
         std::chrono::milliseconds ring_delay;
+        bool dont_rewrite_streams = false;
     };
 
 private:
     bool _stopped = false;
 
+    // The node has joined the token ring. Set to `true` on `after_join` call.
+    bool _joined = false;
+
     config _cfg;
+    gms::gossiper& _gossiper;
+    sharded<db::system_distributed_keyspace>& _sys_dist_ks;
     sharded<db::system_keyspace>& _sys_ks;
+    abort_source& _abort_src;
+    const locator::shared_token_metadata& _token_metadata;
+    gms::feature_service& _feature_service;
     replica::database& _db;
 
-    /* Maintains the set of known CDC generations used to pick streams for log writes (i.e., the partition keys of these log writes). */
+    /* Maintains the set of known CDC generations used to pick streams for log writes (i.e., the partition keys of these log writes).
+     * Updated in response to certain gossip events (see the handle_cdc_generation function).
+     */
     cdc::metadata _cdc_metadata;
 
+    /* The latest known generation timestamp and the timestamp that we're currently gossiping
+     * (as CDC_GENERATION_ID application state).
+     *
+     * Only shard 0 manages this, hence it will be std::nullopt on all shards other than 0.
+     * This timestamp is also persisted in the system.cdc_local table.
+     *
+     * On shard 0 this may be nullopt only in one special case: rolling upgrade, when we upgrade
+     * from an old version of Scylla that didn't support CDC. In that case one node in the cluster
+     * will create the first generation and start gossiping it; it may be us, or it may be some
+     * different node. In any case, eventually - after one of the nodes gossips the first timestamp
+     * - we'll catch on and this variable will be updated with that generation.
+     */
+    std::optional<cdc::generation_id> _gen_id;
+    future<> _cdc_streams_rewrite_complete = make_ready_future<>();
+
 public:
-    generation_service(config cfg,
+    generation_service(config cfg, gms::gossiper&,
+            sharded<db::system_distributed_keyspace>&,
             sharded<db::system_keyspace>& sys_ks,
-            replica::database& db);
+            abort_source&, const locator::shared_token_metadata&,
+            gms::feature_service&, replica::database& db);
 
     future<> stop();
     ~generation_service();
 
+    /* After the node bootstraps and creates a new CDC generation, or restarts and loads the last
+     * known generation timestamp from persistent storage, this function should be called with
+     * that generation timestamp moved in as the `startup_gen_id` parameter.
+     * This passes the responsibility of managing generations from the node startup code to this service;
+     * until then, the service remains dormant.
+     * The startup code is in `storage_service::join_topology`, hence
+     * `after_join` should be called at the end of that function.
+     * Precondition: the node has completed bootstrapping and system_distributed_keyspace is initialized.
+     * Must be called on shard 0 - that's where the generation management happens.
+     */
+    future<> after_join(std::optional<cdc::generation_id>&& startup_gen_id);
+    future<> leave_ring();
+
     cdc::metadata& get_cdc_metadata() {
         return _cdc_metadata;
     }
 
+    virtual future<> on_join(gms::inet_address, locator::host_id id, gms::endpoint_state_ptr, gms::permit_id) override;
+    virtual future<> on_change(gms::inet_address, locator::host_id id, const gms::application_state_map&, gms::permit_id) override;
+
+    future<> check_and_repair_cdc_streams();
+
+    /* Generate a new set of CDC streams and insert it into the internal distributed CDC generations table.
+     * Returns the ID of this new generation.
+     *
+     * Should be called when starting the node for the first time (i.e., joining the ring).
+     *
+     * Assumes that the system_distributed_keyspace service is initialized.
+     * `cluster_supports_generations_v2` must be `true` if and only if the `CDC_GENERATIONS_V2` feature is enabled.
+     *
+     * If `CDC_GENERATIONS_V2` is enabled, the new generation will be inserted into
+     * `system_distributed_everywhere.cdc_generation_descriptions_v2` and the returned ID will be in the v2 format.
+     * Otherwise the new generation will be limited in size, causing suboptimal stream distribution, it will be inserted
+     * into `system_distributed.cdc_generation_descriptions` and the returned ID will be in the v1 format.
+     * The second case should happen only when we create new generations in a mixed cluster.
+     *
+     * The caller of this function is expected to insert the ID into the gossiper as fast as possible,
+     * so that other nodes learn about the generation before their clocks cross the generation's timestamp
+     * (not guaranteed in the current implementation, but expected to be the common case;
+     *  we assume that `ring_delay` is enough for other nodes to learn about the new generation).
+     *
+     * Legacy: used for gossiper-based topology changes.
+     */
+    future<cdc::generation_id> legacy_make_new_generation(
+        const std::unordered_set<dht::token>& bootstrap_tokens, bool add_delay);
+
     /* Retrieve the CDC generation with the given ID from local tables
      * and start using it for CDC log writes if it's not obsolete.
      * Precondition: the generation was committed using group 0 and locally applied.
      */
-    future<> handle_cdc_generation(cdc::generation_id);
+    future<> handle_cdc_generation(cdc::generation_id_v2);
 
     future<> load_cdc_tablet_streams(std::optional<std::unordered_set<table_id>> changed_tables);
 
@@ -67,6 +151,56 @@ public:
     future<utils::chunked_vector<mutation>> garbage_collect_cdc_streams_for_table(table_id table, std::optional<std::chrono::seconds> ttl, api::timestamp_type ts);
     future<> garbage_collect_cdc_streams(utils::chunked_vector<canonical_mutation>& muts, api::timestamp_type ts);
 
+private:
+    /* Retrieve the CDC generation which starts at the given timestamp (from a distributed table created for this purpose)
+     * and start using it for CDC log writes if it's not obsolete.
+     *
+     * Legacy: used for gossiper-based topology changes.
+     */
+    future<> legacy_handle_cdc_generation(std::optional<cdc::generation_id>);
+
+    /* If `legacy_handle_cdc_generation` fails, it schedules an asynchronous retry in the background
+     * using `legacy_async_handle_cdc_generation`.
+     *
+     * Legacy: used for gossiper-based topology changes.
+     */
+    void legacy_async_handle_cdc_generation(cdc::generation_id);
+
+    /* Wrapper around `legacy_do_handle_cdc_generation` which intercepts timeout/unavailability exceptions.
+     * Returns: legacy_do_handle_cdc_generation(ts).
+     *
+     * Legacy: used for gossiper-based topology changes.
+     */
+    future<bool> legacy_do_handle_cdc_generation_intercept_nonfatal_errors(cdc::generation_id);
+
+    /* Returns `true` iff we started using the generation (it was not obsolete or already known),
+     * which means that this node might write some CDC log entries using streams from this generation.
+     *
+     * Legacy: used for gossiper-based topology changes.
+     */
+    future<bool> legacy_do_handle_cdc_generation(cdc::generation_id);
+
+    /* Scan CDC generation timestamps gossiped by other nodes and retrieve the latest one.
+     * This function should be called once at the end of the node startup procedure
+     * (after the node is started and running normally, it will retrieve generations on gossip events instead).
+     *
+     * Legacy: used for gossiper-based topology changes.
+     */
+    future<> legacy_scan_cdc_generations();
+
+    /* generation_service code might be racing with system_distributed_keyspace deinitialization
+     * (the deinitialization order is broken).
+     * Therefore, whenever we want to access sys_dist_ks in a background task,
+     * we need to check if the instance is still there. Storing the shared pointer will keep it alive.
+     */
+    shared_ptr<db::system_distributed_keyspace> get_sys_dist_ks();
+
+    /* Part of the upgrade procedure. Useful in case where the version of Scylla that we're upgrading from
+     * used the "cdc_streams_descriptions" table. This procedure ensures that the new "cdc_streams_descriptions_v2"
+     * table contains streams of all generations that were present in the old table and may still contain data
+     * (i.e. there exist CDC log tables that may contain rows with partition keys being the stream IDs from
+     * these generations). */
+    future<> maybe_rewrite_streams_descriptions();
 };
 
 } // namespace cdc

cdc/log.cc

@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ static void set_default_properties_log_table(schema_builder& b, const schema& s,
     b.set_caching_options(caching_options::get_disabled_caching_options());
 
     auto rs = generate_replication_strategy(ksm, db.get_token_metadata().get_topology());
-    auto tombstone_gc_ext = seastar::make_shared<tombstone_gc_extension>(get_default_tombstone_gc_mode(*rs, false));
+    auto tombstone_gc_ext = seastar::make_shared<tombstone_gc_extension>(get_default_tombstone_gc_mode(*rs, db.get_token_metadata(), false));
     b.add_extension(tombstone_gc_extension::NAME, std::move(tombstone_gc_ext));
 }
 

compaction/compaction.cc

@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@
 #include "mutation/mutation_fragment_stream_validator.hh"
 #include "utils/assert.hh"
 #include "utils/error_injection.hh"
-#include "utils/chunked_vector.hh"
 #include "utils/pretty_printers.hh"
 #include "readers/multi_range.hh"
 #include "readers/compacting.hh"
@@ -162,7 +161,6 @@ std::string_view to_string(compaction_type type) {
     case compaction_type::Reshape: return "Reshape";
     case compaction_type::Split: return "Split";
     case compaction_type::Major: return "Major";
-    case compaction_type::RewriteComponent: return "RewriteComponent";
     }
     on_internal_error_noexcept(clogger, format("Invalid compaction type {}", int(type)));
     return "(invalid)";
@@ -600,7 +598,8 @@ protected:
     // Garbage collected sstables that were added to SSTable set and should be eventually removed from it.
     std::vector<sstables::shared_sstable> _used_garbage_collected_sstables;
     utils::observable<> _stop_request_observable;
-    tombstone_gc_state _tombstone_gc_state;
+    // optional tombstone_gc_state that is used when gc has to check only the compacting sstables to collect tombstones.
+    std::optional<tombstone_gc_state> _tombstone_gc_state_with_commitlog_check_disabled;
     int64_t _output_repaired_at = 0;
 private:
     // Keeps track of monitors for input sstable.
@@ -612,23 +611,23 @@ private:
     }
 
     // Called in a seastar thread
-    utils::chunked_vector<dht::partition_range>
+    dht::partition_range_vector
     get_ranges_for_invalidation(const std::vector<sstables::shared_sstable>& sstables) {
         // If owned ranges is disengaged, it means no cleanup work was done and
         // so nothing needs to be invalidated.
         if (!_owned_ranges) {
-            return {};
+            return dht::partition_range_vector{};
         }
-        auto owned_ranges = dht::to_partition_ranges_chunked(*_owned_ranges).get();
+        auto owned_ranges = dht::to_partition_ranges(*_owned_ranges, utils::can_yield::yes);
 
         auto non_owned_ranges = sstables
                 | std::views::transform([] (const sstables::shared_sstable& sst) {
             seastar::thread::maybe_yield();
             return dht::partition_range::make({sst->get_first_decorated_key(), true},
                                               {sst->get_last_decorated_key(), true});
-        })      | std::ranges::to<utils::chunked_vector<dht::partition_range>>();
+        })      | std::ranges::to<dht::partition_range_vector>();
 
-        return dht::subtract_ranges(*_schema, std::move(non_owned_ranges), std::move(owned_ranges)).get();
+        return dht::subtract_ranges(*_schema, non_owned_ranges, std::move(owned_ranges)).get();
     }
 protected:
     compaction(compaction_group_view& table_s, compaction_descriptor descriptor, compaction_data& cdata, compaction_progress_monitor& progress_monitor, use_backlog_tracker use_backlog_tracker)
@@ -650,12 +649,9 @@ protected:
         , _owned_ranges(std::move(descriptor.owned_ranges))
         , _sharder(descriptor.sharder)
         , _owned_ranges_checker(_owned_ranges ? std::optional<dht::incremental_owned_ranges_checker>(*_owned_ranges) : std::nullopt)
-        , _tombstone_gc_state(_table_s.get_tombstone_gc_state())
+        , _tombstone_gc_state_with_commitlog_check_disabled(descriptor.gc_check_only_compacting_sstables ? std::make_optional(_table_s.get_tombstone_gc_state().with_commitlog_check_disabled()) : std::nullopt)
         , _progress_monitor(progress_monitor)
     {
-        if (descriptor.gc_check_only_compacting_sstables) {
-            _tombstone_gc_state = _tombstone_gc_state.with_commitlog_check_disabled();
-        }
         std::unordered_set<sstables::run_id> ssts_run_ids;
         _contains_multi_fragment_runs = std::any_of(_sstables.begin(), _sstables.end(), [&ssts_run_ids] (sstables::shared_sstable& sst) {
             return !ssts_run_ids.insert(sst->run_identifier()).second;
@@ -722,8 +718,8 @@ protected:
 
     compaction_completion_desc
     get_compaction_completion_desc(std::vector<sstables::shared_sstable> input_sstables, std::vector<sstables::shared_sstable> output_sstables) {
-        auto ranges = get_ranges_for_invalidation(input_sstables);
-        return compaction_completion_desc{std::move(input_sstables), std::move(output_sstables), std::move(ranges)};
+        auto ranges_for_for_invalidation = get_ranges_for_invalidation(input_sstables);
+        return compaction_completion_desc{std::move(input_sstables), std::move(output_sstables), std::move(ranges_for_for_invalidation)};
     }
 
     // Tombstone expiration is enabled based on the presence of sstable set.
@@ -853,8 +849,8 @@ private:
         return _table_s.get_compaction_strategy().make_sstable_set(_table_s);
     }
 
-    tombstone_gc_state get_tombstone_gc_state() const {
-        return _tombstone_gc_state;
+    const tombstone_gc_state& get_tombstone_gc_state() const {
+        return _tombstone_gc_state_with_commitlog_check_disabled ? _tombstone_gc_state_with_commitlog_check_disabled.value() : _table_s.get_tombstone_gc_state();
     }
 
     future<> setup() {
@@ -1054,7 +1050,7 @@ private:
             return can_never_purge;
         }
         return [this] (const dht::decorated_key& dk, is_shadowable is_shadowable) {
-            return get_max_purgeable_timestamp(_table_s, *_selector, _compacting_for_max_purgeable_func, dk, _bloom_filter_checks, _compacting_max_timestamp, !_tombstone_gc_state.is_commitlog_check_enabled(), is_shadowable);
+            return get_max_purgeable_timestamp(_table_s, *_selector, _compacting_for_max_purgeable_func, dk, _bloom_filter_checks, _compacting_max_timestamp, _tombstone_gc_state_with_commitlog_check_disabled.has_value(), is_shadowable);
         };
     }
 
@@ -2052,7 +2048,6 @@ compaction_type compaction_type_options::type() const {
         compaction_type::Reshape,
         compaction_type::Split,
         compaction_type::Major,
-        compaction_type::RewriteComponent,
     };
     static_assert(std::variant_size_v<compaction_type_options::options_variant> == std::size(index_to_type));
     return index_to_type[_options.index()];
@@ -2089,9 +2084,6 @@ static std::unique_ptr<compaction> make_compaction(compaction_group_view& table_
         std::unique_ptr<compaction> operator()(compaction_type_options::split split_options) {
             return std::make_unique<split_compaction>(table_s, std::move(descriptor), cdata, std::move(split_options), progress_monitor);
         }
-        std::unique_ptr<compaction> operator()(compaction_type_options::component_rewrite) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("component_rewrite compaction should be handled separately");
-        }
     } visitor_factory{table_s, std::move(descriptor), cdata, progress_monitor};
 
     return descriptor.options.visit(visitor_factory);
@@ -2109,7 +2101,7 @@ static future<compaction_result> scrub_sstables_validate_mode(compaction_descrip
 
         validation_errors += co_await sst->validate(permit, cdata.abort, [&schema] (sstring what) {
             scrub_compaction::report_validation_error(compaction_type::Scrub, *schema, what);
-        }, monitor_generator(sst), true);
+        }, monitor_generator(sst));
         // Did validation actually finish because aborted?
         if (cdata.is_stop_requested()) {
             // Compaction manager will catch this exception and re-schedule the compaction.
@@ -2146,34 +2138,6 @@ future<compaction_result> scrub_sstables_validate_mode(compaction_descriptor des
     co_return res;
 }
 
-future<compaction_result> rewrite_sstables_component(compaction_descriptor descriptor, compaction_group_view& table_s) {
-    return seastar::async([descriptor = std::move(descriptor), &table_s] () mutable {
-        compaction_result result {
-            .stats = {
-                .started_at = db_clock::now(),
-            },
-        };
-
-        const auto& options = descriptor.options.as<compaction_type_options::component_rewrite>();
-        bool update_id = static_cast<bool>(options.update_id);
-        // When rewriting a component, we cannot use the standard descriptor creator
-        // because we must preserve the sstable version.
-        auto creator = [&table_s] (sstables::shared_sstable sst) {
-            return table_s.make_sstable(sst->state(), sst->get_version());
-        };
-        result.new_sstables.reserve(descriptor.sstables.size());
-        for (auto& sst : descriptor.sstables) {
-            auto rewritten = sst->link_with_rewritten_component(creator, options.component_to_rewrite, options.modifier, update_id).get();
-            result.new_sstables.push_back(rewritten);
-        }
-
-        descriptor.replacer({std::move(descriptor.sstables), result.new_sstables});
-
-        result.stats.ended_at = db_clock::now();
-        return result;
-    });
-}
-
 future<compaction_result>
 compact_sstables(compaction_descriptor descriptor, compaction_data& cdata, compaction_group_view& table_s, compaction_progress_monitor& progress_monitor) {
     if (descriptor.sstables.empty()) {
@@ -2185,9 +2149,6 @@ compact_sstables(compaction_descriptor descriptor, compaction_data& cdata, compa
         // Bypass the usual compaction machinery for dry-mode scrub
         return scrub_sstables_validate_mode(std::move(descriptor), cdata, table_s, progress_monitor);
     }
-    if (descriptor.options.type() == compaction_type::RewriteComponent) {
-        return rewrite_sstables_component(std::move(descriptor), table_s);
-    }
     return compaction::run(make_compaction(table_s, std::move(descriptor), cdata, progress_monitor));
 }
 

compaction/compaction_descriptor.hh

@@ -12,12 +12,10 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <optional>
 #include <variant>
-#include "sstables/component_type.hh"
 #include "sstables/types_fwd.hh"
 #include "sstables/sstable_set.hh"
 #include "compaction_fwd.hh"
 #include "mutation_writer/token_group_based_splitting_writer.hh"
-#include "utils/chunked_vector.hh"
 
 namespace compaction {
 
@@ -32,7 +30,6 @@ enum class compaction_type {
     Reshape = 7,
     Split = 8,
     Major = 9,
-    RewriteComponent = 10,
 };
 
 struct compaction_completion_desc {
@@ -41,7 +38,7 @@ struct compaction_completion_desc {
     // New, fresh SSTables that should be added to SSTable set, replacing the old ones.
     std::vector<sstables::shared_sstable> new_sstables;
     // Set of compacted partition ranges that should be invalidated in the cache.
-    utils::chunked_vector<dht::partition_range> ranges_for_cache_invalidation;
+    dht::partition_range_vector ranges_for_cache_invalidation;
 };
 
 // creates a new SSTable for a given shard
@@ -93,15 +90,8 @@ public:
     struct split {
         mutation_writer::classify_by_token_group classifier;
     };
-    struct component_rewrite {
-        sstables::component_type component_to_rewrite;
-        std::function<void(sstables::sstable&)> modifier;
-
-        using update_sstable_id = bool_class<class update_sstable_id_tag>;
-        update_sstable_id update_id = update_sstable_id::yes;
-    };
 private:
-    using options_variant = std::variant<regular, cleanup, upgrade, scrub, reshard, reshape, split, major, component_rewrite>;
+    using options_variant = std::variant<regular, cleanup, upgrade, scrub, reshard, reshape, split, major>;
 
 private:
     options_variant _options;
@@ -139,10 +129,6 @@ public:
         return compaction_type_options(scrub{.operation_mode = mode, .quarantine_sstables = quarantine_sstables, .drop_unfixable = drop_unfixable_sstables});
     }
 
-    static compaction_type_options make_component_rewrite(component_type component, std::function<void(sstables::sstable&)> modifier, component_rewrite::update_sstable_id update_id = component_rewrite::update_sstable_id::yes) {
-        return compaction_type_options(component_rewrite{.component_to_rewrite = component, .modifier = std::move(modifier), .update_id = update_id});
-    }
-
     static compaction_type_options make_split(mutation_writer::classify_by_token_group classifier) {
         return compaction_type_options(split{std::move(classifier)});
     }

compaction/compaction_group_view.hh

@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ public:
     virtual reader_permit make_compaction_reader_permit() const = 0;
     virtual sstables::sstables_manager& get_sstables_manager() noexcept = 0;
     virtual sstables::shared_sstable make_sstable(sstables::sstable_state) const = 0;
-    virtual sstables::shared_sstable make_sstable(sstables::sstable_state, sstables::sstable_version_types) const = 0;
     virtual sstables::sstable_writer_config configure_writer(sstring origin) const = 0;
     virtual api::timestamp_type min_memtable_timestamp() const = 0;
     virtual api::timestamp_type min_memtable_live_timestamp() const = 0;
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ public:
     virtual future<> on_compaction_completion(compaction_completion_desc desc, sstables::offstrategy offstrategy) = 0;
     virtual bool is_auto_compaction_disabled_by_user() const noexcept = 0;
     virtual bool tombstone_gc_enabled() const noexcept = 0;
-    virtual tombstone_gc_state get_tombstone_gc_state() const noexcept = 0;
+    virtual const tombstone_gc_state& get_tombstone_gc_state() const noexcept = 0;
     virtual compaction_backlog_tracker& get_backlog_tracker() = 0;
     virtual const std::string get_group_id() const noexcept = 0;
     virtual seastar::condition_variable& get_staging_done_condition() noexcept = 0;

compaction/compaction_manager.cc

@@ -778,7 +778,6 @@ compaction_manager::get_incremental_repair_read_lock(compaction::compaction_grou
         cmlog.debug("Get get_incremental_repair_read_lock for {} started", reason);
     }
     compaction::compaction_state& cs = get_compaction_state(&t);
-    auto gh = cs.gate.hold();
     auto ret = co_await cs.incremental_repair_lock.hold_read_lock();
     if (!reason.empty()) {
         cmlog.debug("Get get_incremental_repair_read_lock for {} done", reason);
@@ -792,7 +791,6 @@ compaction_manager::get_incremental_repair_write_lock(compaction::compaction_gro
         cmlog.debug("Get get_incremental_repair_write_lock for {} started", reason);
     }
     compaction::compaction_state& cs = get_compaction_state(&t);
-    auto gh = cs.gate.hold();
     auto ret = co_await cs.incremental_repair_lock.hold_write_lock();
     if (!reason.empty()) {
         cmlog.debug("Get get_incremental_repair_write_lock for {} done", reason);
@@ -1042,7 +1040,7 @@ compaction_manager::compaction_manager(config cfg, abort_source& as, tasks::task
         _compaction_controller.set_max_shares(max_shares);
     }))
     , _strategy_control(std::make_unique<strategy_control>(*this))
-{
+    , _tombstone_gc_state(_shared_tombstone_gc_state) {
     tm.register_module(_task_manager_module->get_name(), _task_manager_module);
     register_metrics();
     // Bandwidth throttling is node-wide, updater is needed on single shard
@@ -1066,7 +1064,7 @@ compaction_manager::compaction_manager(tasks::task_manager& tm)
     , _compaction_static_shares_observer(_cfg.static_shares.observe(_update_compaction_static_shares_action.make_observer()))
     , _compaction_max_shares_observer(_cfg.max_shares.observe([] (const float& max_shares) {}))
     , _strategy_control(std::make_unique<strategy_control>(*this))
-{
+    , _tombstone_gc_state(_shared_tombstone_gc_state) {
     tm.register_module(_task_manager_module->get_name(), _task_manager_module);
     // No metric registration because this constructor is supposed to be used only by the testing
     // infrastructure.
@@ -1521,9 +1519,7 @@ future<> compaction_manager::maybe_wait_for_sstable_count_reduction(compaction_g
             | std::views::transform(std::mem_fn(&sstables::sstable::run_identifier))
             | std::ranges::to<std::unordered_set>());
     };
-    const auto injected_threshold = utils::get_local_injector().inject_parameter<size_t>("set_sstable_count_reduction_threshold");
-    const auto threshold = injected_threshold.value_or(size_t(std::max(schema->max_compaction_threshold(), 32)));
-
+    const auto threshold = size_t(std::max(schema->max_compaction_threshold(), 32));
     auto count = co_await num_runs_for_compaction();
     if (count <= threshold) {
         cmlog.trace("No need to wait for sstable count reduction in {}: {} <= {}",
@@ -1538,7 +1534,9 @@ future<> compaction_manager::maybe_wait_for_sstable_count_reduction(compaction_g
     auto& cstate = get_compaction_state(&t);
     try {
         while (can_perform_regular_compaction(t) && co_await num_runs_for_compaction() > threshold) {
-            co_await cstate.compaction_done.when();
+            co_await cstate.compaction_done.wait([this, &t] {
+                return !can_perform_regular_compaction(t);
+            });
         }
     } catch (const broken_condition_variable&) {
         co_return;
@@ -1788,41 +1786,6 @@ protected:
     }
 };
 
-class rewrite_sstables_component_compaction_task_executor final : public rewrite_sstables_compaction_task_executor {
-    std::unordered_map<sstables::shared_sstable, sstables::shared_sstable>& _rewritten_sstables;
-public:
-    rewrite_sstables_component_compaction_task_executor(compaction_manager& mgr,
-                                       throw_if_stopping do_throw_if_stopping,
-                                       compaction_group_view* t,
-                                       tasks::task_id parent_id,
-                                       compaction_type_options options,
-                                       std::vector<sstables::shared_sstable> sstables,
-                                       compacting_sstable_registration compacting,
-                                       std::unordered_map<sstables::shared_sstable, sstables::shared_sstable>& rewritten_sstables)
-            : rewrite_sstables_compaction_task_executor(mgr, do_throw_if_stopping, t, parent_id, options, {},
-                std::move(sstables), std::move(compacting), compaction_manager::can_purge_tombstones::no, "component_rewrite"),
-            _rewritten_sstables(rewritten_sstables)
-    {}
-protected:
-    virtual future<compaction_manager::compaction_stats_opt> do_run() override {
-        compaction_stats stats{};
-
-        switch_state(state::pending);
-        auto maintenance_permit = co_await acquire_semaphore(_cm._maintenance_ops_sem);
-
-        while (!_sstables.empty()) {
-            auto sst = consume_sstable();
-            auto it = _rewritten_sstables.emplace(sst, sstables::shared_sstable{}).first;
-            auto res = co_await rewrite_sstable(std::move(sst));
-            _cm._validation_errors += res.stats.validation_errors;
-            stats += res.stats;
-            it->second = std::move(res.new_sstables.front());
-        }
-
-        co_return stats;
-    }
-};
-
 class split_compaction_task_executor final : public rewrite_sstables_compaction_task_executor {
     compaction_type_options::split _opt;
 public:
@@ -1936,28 +1899,6 @@ compaction_manager::rewrite_sstables(compaction_group_view& t, compaction_type_o
     return perform_task_on_all_files<rewrite_sstables_compaction_task_executor>("rewrite", info, t, std::move(options), std::move(owned_ranges_ptr), std::move(get_func), throw_if_stopping::no, can_purge, std::move(options_desc));
 }
 
-future<compaction_manager::compaction_stats_opt>
-compaction_manager::rewrite_sstables_component(compaction_group_view& t,
-                                     std::vector<sstables::shared_sstable>& sstables,
-                                     compaction_type_options options,
-                                     std::unordered_map<sstables::shared_sstable, sstables::shared_sstable>& rewritten_sstables,
-                                     tasks::task_info info) {
-    auto gh = start_compaction(t);
-    if (!gh) {
-        co_return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    if (sstables.empty()) {
-        co_return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    compacting_sstable_registration compacting(*this, get_compaction_state(&t));
-    compacting.register_compacting(sstables);
-
-    co_return co_await perform_compaction<rewrite_sstables_component_compaction_task_executor>(throw_if_stopping::no, info, &t, info.id,
-        std::move(options), std::move(sstables), std::move(compacting), rewritten_sstables);
-}
-
 class validate_sstables_compaction_task_executor : public sstables_task_executor {
     compaction_manager::quarantine_invalid_sstables _quarantine_sstables;
 public:
@@ -2382,18 +2323,6 @@ compaction_manager::maybe_split_new_sstable(sstables::shared_sstable sst, compac
     co_return ret;
 }
 
-future<std::unordered_map<sstables::shared_sstable, sstables::shared_sstable>> compaction_manager::perform_component_rewrite(compaction::compaction_group_view& t,
-            tasks::task_info info,
-            std::vector<sstables::shared_sstable> sstables,
-            sstables::component_type component,
-            std::function<void(sstables::sstable&)> modifier,
-            compaction_type_options::component_rewrite::update_sstable_id update_id) {
-    std::unordered_map<sstables::shared_sstable, sstables::shared_sstable> rewritten_sstables;
-    rewritten_sstables.reserve(sstables.size());
-    co_await rewrite_sstables_component(t, sstables, compaction_type_options::make_component_rewrite(component, std::move(modifier), update_id), rewritten_sstables, info);
-    co_return rewritten_sstables;
-}
-
 // Submit a table to be scrubbed and wait for its termination.
 future<compaction_manager::compaction_stats_opt> compaction_manager::perform_sstable_scrub(compaction_group_view& t, compaction_type_options::scrub opts, tasks::task_info info) {
     auto scrub_mode = opts.operation_mode;
@@ -2458,8 +2387,6 @@ future<> compaction_manager::remove(compaction_group_view& t, sstring reason) no
     if (!c_state.gate.is_closed()) {
         auto close_gate = c_state.gate.close();
         co_await stop_ongoing_compactions(reason, &t);
-        // Wait for users of incremental repair lock (can be either repair itself or maintenance compactions).
-        co_await c_state.incremental_repair_lock.write_lock();
         co_await std::move(close_gate);
     }
 

compaction/compaction_manager.hh

@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ class custom_compaction_task_executor;
 class regular_compaction_task_executor;
 class offstrategy_compaction_task_executor;
 class rewrite_sstables_compaction_task_executor;
-class rewrite_sstables_component_compaction_task_executor;
 class split_compaction_task_executor;
 class cleanup_sstables_compaction_task_executor;
 class validate_sstables_compaction_task_executor;
@@ -168,6 +167,10 @@ private:
     std::unique_ptr<strategy_control> _strategy_control;
 
     shared_tombstone_gc_state _shared_tombstone_gc_state;
+    // TODO: tombstone_gc_state should now have value semantics, but the code
+    // still uses it with reference semantics (inconsistently though).
+    // Drop this member, once the code is converted into using value semantics.
+    tombstone_gc_state _tombstone_gc_state;
 
     utils::disk_space_monitor::subscription _out_of_space_subscription;
 private:
@@ -253,12 +256,6 @@ private:
     future<compaction_stats_opt> rewrite_sstables(compaction::compaction_group_view& t, compaction_type_options options, owned_ranges_ptr, get_candidates_func, tasks::task_info info,
                                                   can_purge_tombstones can_purge = can_purge_tombstones::yes, sstring options_desc = "");
 
-    future<compaction_stats_opt> rewrite_sstables_component(compaction_group_view& t,
-                                                            std::vector<sstables::shared_sstable>& sstables,
-                                                            compaction_type_options options,
-                                                            std::unordered_map<sstables::shared_sstable, sstables::shared_sstable>& rewritten_sstables,
-                                                            tasks::task_info info);
-
     // Stop all fibers, without waiting. Safe to be called multiple times.
     void do_stop() noexcept;
     future<> really_do_stop() noexcept;
@@ -367,13 +364,6 @@ public:
     // Submit a table to be scrubbed and wait for its termination.
     future<compaction_stats_opt> perform_sstable_scrub(compaction::compaction_group_view& t, compaction_type_options::scrub opts, tasks::task_info info);
 
-    future<std::unordered_map<sstables::shared_sstable, sstables::shared_sstable>> perform_component_rewrite(compaction::compaction_group_view& t,
-            tasks::task_info info,
-            std::vector<sstables::shared_sstable> sstables,
-            sstables::component_type component,
-            std::function<void(sstables::sstable&)> modifier,
-            compaction_type_options::component_rewrite::update_sstable_id update_id = compaction_type_options::component_rewrite::update_sstable_id::yes);
-
     // Submit a table for major compaction.
     future<> perform_major_compaction(compaction::compaction_group_view& t, tasks::task_info info, bool consider_only_existing_data = false);
 
@@ -466,6 +456,10 @@ public:
 
     compaction::strategy_control& get_strategy_control() const noexcept;
 
+    const tombstone_gc_state& get_tombstone_gc_state() const noexcept {
+        return _tombstone_gc_state;
+    };
+
     shared_tombstone_gc_state& get_shared_tombstone_gc_state() noexcept {
         return _shared_tombstone_gc_state;
     };
@@ -495,7 +489,6 @@ public:
     friend class compaction::regular_compaction_task_executor;
     friend class compaction::offstrategy_compaction_task_executor;
     friend class compaction::rewrite_sstables_compaction_task_executor;
-    friend class compaction::rewrite_sstables_component_compaction_task_executor;
     friend class compaction::cleanup_sstables_compaction_task_executor;
     friend class compaction::validate_sstables_compaction_task_executor;
     friend compaction_reenabler;

conf/scylla.yaml

@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ strict_is_not_null_in_views: true
 # * workdir: the node will open the maintenance socket on the path <scylla's workdir>/cql.m,
 #            where <scylla's workdir> is a path defined by the workdir configuration option,
 # * <socket path>: the node will open the maintenance socket on the path <socket path>.
-maintenance_socket: workdir
+maintenance_socket: ignore
 
 # If set to true, configuration parameters defined with LiveUpdate option can be updated in runtime with CQL
 # by updating system.config virtual table. If we don't want any configuration parameter to be changed in runtime
@@ -648,9 +648,10 @@ maintenance_socket: workdir
 # e.g. for cloud users, for whom scylla's configuration should be changed only by support engineers.
 # live_updatable_config_params_changeable_via_cql: true
 
-#
-# Guardrails options
-#
+# ****************
+# *  GUARDRAILS  *
+# ****************
+
 # Guardrails to warn or fail when Replication Factor is smaller/greater than the threshold.
 # Please note that the value of 0 is always allowed,
 # which means that having no replication at all, i.e. RF = 0, is always valid.
@@ -660,27 +661,6 @@ maintenance_socket: workdir
 # minimum_replication_factor_warn_threshold:  3
 # maximum_replication_factor_warn_threshold: -1
 # maximum_replication_factor_fail_threshold: -1
-#
-# Guardrails to warn about or disallow creating a keyspace with specific replication strategy.
-# Each of these 2 settings is a list storing replication strategies considered harmful.
-# The replication strategies to choose from are:
-# 1) SimpleStrategy,
-# 2) NetworkTopologyStrategy,
-# 3) LocalStrategy,
-# 4) EverywhereStrategy
-#
-# replication_strategy_warn_list:
-#  - SimpleStrategy
-# replication_strategy_fail_list:
-#
-# Guardrail to enable the deprecated feature of CREATE TABLE WITH COMPACT STORAGE.
-# enable_create_table_with_compact_storage: false
-#
-# Guardrails to limit usage of selected consistency levels for writes.
-# Adding a warning to a CQL query response can significantly increase network
-# traffic and decrease overall throughput.
-# write_consistency_levels_warned: []
-# write_consistency_levels_disallowed: []
 
 #
 # System information encryption settings
@@ -858,6 +838,21 @@ maintenance_socket: workdir
 #   key_namespace: <kmip key namespace> (optional)
 #
 
+# Guardrails to warn about or disallow creating a keyspace with specific replication strategy.
+# Each of these 2 settings is a list storing replication strategies considered harmful.
+# The replication strategies to choose from are:
+# 1) SimpleStrategy,
+# 2) NetworkTopologyStrategy,
+# 3) LocalStrategy,
+# 4) EverywhereStrategy
+#
+# replication_strategy_warn_list:
+#  - SimpleStrategy
+# replication_strategy_fail_list:
+
+# Guardrail to enable the deprecated feature of CREATE TABLE WITH COMPACT STORAGE.
+# enable_create_table_with_compact_storage: false
+
 # Control tablets for new keyspaces.
 # Can be set to: disabled|enabled|enforced
 #
@@ -879,16 +874,7 @@ maintenance_socket: workdir
 # The `tablets` option cannot be changed using `ALTER KEYSPACE`.
 tablets_mode_for_new_keyspaces: enabled
 
-# Require every tablet-enabled keyspace to be RF-rack-valid.
-#
-# A tablet-enabled keyspace is RF-rack-valid when, for each data center,
-# its replication factor (RF) is 0, 1, or exactly equal to the number of
-# racks in that data center. Setting the RF to the number of racks ensures
-# that a single rack failure never results in data unavailability.
-#
-# When set to true, CREATE KEYSPACE and ALTER KEYSPACE statements that
-# would produce an RF-rack-invalid keyspace are rejected.
-# When set to false, such statements are allowed but emit a warning.
+# Enforce RF-rack-valid keyspaces.
 rf_rack_valid_keyspaces: false
 
 #

configure.py

@@ -544,6 +544,7 @@ scylla_tests = set([
     'test/boost/caching_options_test',
     'test/boost/canonical_mutation_test',
     'test/boost/cartesian_product_test',
+    'test/boost/cdc_generation_test',
     'test/boost/cell_locker_test',
     'test/boost/checksum_utils_test',
     'test/boost/chunked_managed_vector_test',
@@ -618,7 +619,6 @@ scylla_tests = set([
     'test/boost/reservoir_sampling_test',
     'test/boost/result_utils_test',
     'test/boost/rest_client_test',
-    'test/boost/rolling_max_tracker_test',
     'test/boost/reusable_buffer_test',
     'test/boost/rust_test',
     'test/boost/s3_test',
@@ -1192,7 +1192,6 @@ scylla_core = (['message/messaging_service.cc',
                 'utils/azure/identity/default_credentials.cc',
                 'utils/gcp/gcp_credentials.cc',
                 'utils/gcp/object_storage.cc',
-                'utils/gcp/object_storage_retry_strategy.cc',
                 'gms/version_generator.cc',
                 'gms/versioned_value.cc',
                 'gms/gossiper.cc',
@@ -1204,7 +1203,6 @@ scylla_core = (['message/messaging_service.cc',
                 'gms/application_state.cc',
                 'gms/inet_address.cc',
                 'dht/i_partitioner.cc',
-                'dht/fixed_shard.cc',
                 'dht/token.cc',
                 'dht/murmur3_partitioner.cc',
                 'dht/boot_strapper.cc',
@@ -1240,6 +1238,7 @@ scylla_core = (['message/messaging_service.cc',
                 'service/pager/query_pagers.cc',
                 'service/qos/qos_common.cc',
                 'service/qos/service_level_controller.cc',
+                'service/qos/standard_service_level_distributed_data_accessor.cc',
                 'service/qos/raft_service_level_distributed_data_accessor.cc',
                 'streaming/stream_task.cc',
                 'streaming/stream_session.cc',
@@ -1273,8 +1272,8 @@ scylla_core = (['message/messaging_service.cc',
                 'auth/common.cc',
                 'auth/default_authorizer.cc',
                 'auth/resource.cc',
+                'auth/roles-metadata.cc',
                 'auth/passwords.cc',
-                'auth/maintenance_socket_authenticator.cc',
                 'auth/password_authenticator.cc',
                 'auth/permission.cc',
                 'auth/service.cc',
@@ -1340,7 +1339,6 @@ scylla_core = (['message/messaging_service.cc',
                 'service/strong_consistency/groups_manager.cc',
                 'service/strong_consistency/coordinator.cc',
                 'service/strong_consistency/state_machine.cc',
-                'service/strong_consistency/raft_groups_storage.cc',
                 'service/raft/group0_state_id_handler.cc',
                 'service/raft/group0_state_machine.cc',
                 'service/raft/group0_state_machine_merger.cc',
@@ -1362,6 +1360,7 @@ scylla_core = (['message/messaging_service.cc',
                 'service/topology_state_machine.cc',
                 'service/topology_mutation.cc',
                 'service/topology_coordinator.cc',
+                'node_ops/node_ops_ctl.cc',
                 'node_ops/task_manager_module.cc',
                 'reader_concurrency_semaphore_group.cc',
                 'utils/disk_space_monitor.cc',
@@ -1474,7 +1473,6 @@ idls = ['idl/gossip_digest.idl.hh',
         'idl/messaging_service.idl.hh',
         'idl/paxos.idl.hh',
         'idl/raft.idl.hh',
-        'idl/raft_util.idl.hh',
         'idl/raft_storage.idl.hh',
         'idl/group0.idl.hh',
         'idl/hinted_handoff.idl.hh',
@@ -1494,9 +1492,7 @@ idls = ['idl/gossip_digest.idl.hh',
         'idl/gossip.idl.hh',
         'idl/migration_manager.idl.hh',
         "idl/node_ops.idl.hh",
-        "idl/tasks.idl.hh",
-        "idl/client_state.idl.hh",
-        "idl/forward_cql.idl.hh",
+        "idl/tasks.idl.hh"
         ]
 
 scylla_tests_generic_dependencies = [
@@ -1589,7 +1585,6 @@ pure_boost_tests = set([
     'test/boost/wrapping_interval_test',
     'test/boost/range_tombstone_list_test',
     'test/boost/reservoir_sampling_test',
-    'test/boost/rolling_max_tracker_test',
     'test/boost/serialization_test',
     'test/boost/small_vector_test',
     'test/boost/top_k_test',
@@ -1738,7 +1733,6 @@ deps['test/boost/url_parse_test'] = ['utils/http.cc', 'test/boost/url_parse_test
 deps['test/boost/murmur_hash_test'] = ['bytes.cc', 'utils/murmur_hash.cc', 'test/boost/murmur_hash_test.cc']
 deps['test/boost/allocation_strategy_test'] = ['test/boost/allocation_strategy_test.cc', 'utils/logalloc.cc', 'utils/dynamic_bitset.cc', 'utils/labels.cc']
 deps['test/boost/log_heap_test'] = ['test/boost/log_heap_test.cc']
-deps['test/boost/rolling_max_tracker_test'] = ['test/boost/rolling_max_tracker_test.cc']
 deps['test/boost/estimated_histogram_test'] = ['test/boost/estimated_histogram_test.cc']
 deps['test/boost/summary_test'] = ['test/boost/summary_test.cc']
 deps['test/boost/anchorless_list_test'] = ['test/boost/anchorless_list_test.cc']

cql3/Cql.g

@@ -874,8 +874,8 @@ cfamDefinition[cql3::statements::create_table_statement::raw_statement& expr]
     ;
 
 cfamColumns[cql3::statements::create_table_statement::raw_statement& expr]
-    @init { bool is_static=false, is_ttl=false; }
-    : k=ident v=comparatorType (K_TTL {is_ttl = true;})? (K_STATIC {is_static = true;})? { $expr.add_definition(k, v, is_static, is_ttl); }
+    @init { bool is_static=false; }
+    : k=ident v=comparatorType (K_STATIC {is_static = true;})? { $expr.add_definition(k, v, is_static); }
         (K_PRIMARY K_KEY { $expr.add_key_aliases(std::vector<shared_ptr<cql3::column_identifier>>{k}); })?
     | K_PRIMARY K_KEY '(' pkDef[expr] (',' c=ident { $expr.add_column_alias(c); } )* ')'
     ;
@@ -1042,7 +1042,6 @@ alterTableStatement returns [std::unique_ptr<alter_table_statement::raw_statemen
         std::vector<alter_table_statement::column_change> column_changes;
         std::vector<std::pair<shared_ptr<cql3::column_identifier::raw>, shared_ptr<cql3::column_identifier::raw>>> renames;
         auto attrs = std::make_unique<cql3::attributes::raw>();
-        shared_ptr<cql3::column_identifier::raw> ttl_change;
     }
     : K_ALTER K_COLUMNFAMILY cf=columnFamilyName
           ( K_ALTER id=cident K_TYPE v=comparatorType { type = alter_table_statement::type::alter; column_changes.emplace_back(alter_table_statement::column_change{id, v}); }
@@ -1061,11 +1060,9 @@ alterTableStatement returns [std::unique_ptr<alter_table_statement::raw_statemen
           | K_RENAME                                  { type = alter_table_statement::type::rename; }
                id1=cident K_TO toId1=cident { renames.emplace_back(id1, toId1); }
                ( K_AND idn=cident K_TO toIdn=cident { renames.emplace_back(idn, toIdn); } )*
-          | K_TTL                                     { type = alter_table_statement::type::ttl; }
-               ( id=cident { ttl_change = id; } | K_NULL )
           )
     {
-        $expr = std::make_unique<alter_table_statement::raw_statement>(std::move(cf), type, std::move(column_changes), std::move(props), std::move(renames), std::move(attrs), std::move(ttl_change));
+        $expr = std::make_unique<alter_table_statement::raw_statement>(std::move(cf), type, std::move(column_changes), std::move(props), std::move(renames), std::move(attrs));
     }
     ;
 
@@ -2074,21 +2071,7 @@ vector_type returns [shared_ptr<cql3::cql3_type::raw> pt]
         {
             if ($d.text[0] == '-')
                 throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Vectors must have a dimension greater than 0");
-            unsigned long parsed_dimension;
-            try {
-                parsed_dimension = std::stoul($d.text);
-            } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-                throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(format("Invalid vector dimension: {}", $d.text));
-            }
-            static_assert(sizeof(unsigned long) >= sizeof(vector_dimension_t));
-            if (parsed_dimension == 0) {
-                throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Vectors must have a dimension greater than 0");
-            }
-            if (parsed_dimension > cql3::cql3_type::MAX_VECTOR_DIMENSION) {
-                throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(
-                        format("Vectors must have a dimension less than or equal to {}", cql3::cql3_type::MAX_VECTOR_DIMENSION));
-            }
-            $pt = cql3::cql3_type::raw::vector(t, static_cast<vector_dimension_t>(parsed_dimension));
+            $pt = cql3::cql3_type::raw::vector(t, std::stoul($d.text));
         }
     ;
 

cql3/assignment_testable.hh

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public:
 
     struct vector_test_result {
         test_result result;
-        std::optional<vector_dimension_t> dimension_opt;
+        std::optional<size_t> dimension_opt;
     };
 
     static bool is_assignable(test_result tr) {

cql3/column_specification.cc

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ column_specification::column_specification(std::string_view ks_name_, std::strin
 
 bool column_specification::all_in_same_table(const std::vector<lw_shared_ptr<column_specification>>& names)
 {
-    throwing_assert(!names.empty());
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(!names.empty());
 
     auto first = names.front();
     return std::all_of(std::next(names.begin()), names.end(), [first] (auto&& spec) {

cql3/cql3_type.cc

@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ static cql3_type::kind get_cql3_kind(const abstract_type& t) {
         cql3_type::kind operator()(const uuid_type_impl&) { return cql3_type::kind::UUID; }
         cql3_type::kind operator()(const varint_type_impl&) { return cql3_type::kind::VARINT; }
         cql3_type::kind operator()(const reversed_type_impl& r) { return get_cql3_kind(*r.underlying_type()); }
-        cql3_type::kind operator()(const tuple_type_impl&) { throwing_assert(0 && "no kind for this type"); }
-        cql3_type::kind operator()(const vector_type_impl&) { throwing_assert(0 && "no kind for this type"); }
-        cql3_type::kind operator()(const collection_type_impl&) { throwing_assert(0 && "no kind for this type"); }
+        cql3_type::kind operator()(const tuple_type_impl&) { SCYLLA_ASSERT(0 && "no kind for this type"); }
+        cql3_type::kind operator()(const vector_type_impl&) { SCYLLA_ASSERT(0 && "no kind for this type"); }
+        cql3_type::kind operator()(const collection_type_impl&) { SCYLLA_ASSERT(0 && "no kind for this type"); }
     };
     return visit(t, visitor{});
 }
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class cql3_type::raw_collection : public raw {
         } else if (_kind == abstract_type::kind::map) {
             return format("{}map<{}, {}>{}", start, _keys, _values, end);
         }
-        throwing_assert(0 && "invalid raw_collection kind");
+        abort();
     }
 public:
     raw_collection(const abstract_type::kind kind, shared_ptr<raw> keys, shared_ptr<raw> values)
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     virtual cql3_type prepare_internal(const sstring& keyspace, const data_dictionary::user_types_metadata& user_types) override {
-        throwing_assert(_values); // "Got null values type for a collection";
+        SCYLLA_ASSERT(_values); // "Got null values type for a collection";
 
         if (_values->is_counter()) {
             throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(format("Counters are not allowed inside collections: {}", *this));
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ private:
             }
             return cql3_type(set_type_impl::get_instance(_values->prepare_internal(keyspace, user_types).get_type(), !is_frozen()));
         } else if (_kind == abstract_type::kind::map) {
-            throwing_assert(_keys); // "Got null keys type for a collection";
+            SCYLLA_ASSERT(_keys); // "Got null keys type for a collection";
             if (_keys->is_duration()) {
                 throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(format("Durations are not allowed as map keys: {}", *this));
             }
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ private:
                                                          _values->prepare_internal(keyspace, user_types).get_type(),
                                                          !is_frozen()));
         }
-        throwing_assert(0 && "do_prepare invalid kind");
+        abort();
     }
 };
 
@@ -307,14 +307,17 @@ public:
 
 class cql3_type::raw_vector : public raw {
     shared_ptr<raw> _type;
-    vector_dimension_t _dimension;
+    size_t _dimension;
+
+    // This limitation is acquired from the maximum number of dimensions in OpenSearch. 
+    static constexpr size_t MAX_VECTOR_DIMENSION = 16000;
 
     virtual sstring to_string() const override {
         return seastar::format("vector<{}, {}>", _type, _dimension);
     }
 
 public:
-    raw_vector(shared_ptr<raw> type, vector_dimension_t dimension)
+    raw_vector(shared_ptr<raw> type, size_t dimension)
             : _type(std::move(type)), _dimension(dimension) {
     }
 
@@ -414,7 +417,7 @@ cql3_type::raw::tuple(std::vector<shared_ptr<raw>> ts) {
 }
 
 shared_ptr<cql3_type::raw>
-cql3_type::raw::vector(shared_ptr<raw> t, vector_dimension_t dimension) {
+cql3_type::raw::vector(shared_ptr<raw> t, size_t dimension) {
     return ::make_shared<raw_vector>(std::move(t), dimension);
 }
 

cql3/cql3_type.hh

@@ -39,9 +39,6 @@ public:
     data_type get_type() const { return _type; }
     const sstring& to_string() const { return _type->cql3_type_name(); }
 
-    // This limitation is acquired from the maximum number of dimensions in OpenSearch.
-    static constexpr vector_dimension_t MAX_VECTOR_DIMENSION = 16000;
-
     // For UserTypes, we need to know the current keyspace to resolve the
     // actual type used, so Raw is a "not yet prepared" CQL3Type.
     class raw {
@@ -67,7 +64,7 @@ public:
         static shared_ptr<raw> list(shared_ptr<raw> t);
         static shared_ptr<raw> set(shared_ptr<raw> t);
         static shared_ptr<raw> tuple(std::vector<shared_ptr<raw>> ts);
-        static shared_ptr<raw> vector(shared_ptr<raw> t, vector_dimension_t dimension);
+        static shared_ptr<raw> vector(shared_ptr<raw> t, size_t dimension);
         static shared_ptr<raw> frozen(shared_ptr<raw> t);
         friend sstring format_as(const raw& r) {
             return r.to_string();

cql3/expr/expression.cc

@@ -1603,7 +1603,7 @@ static cql3::raw_value do_evaluate(const collection_constructor& collection, con
         case collection_constructor::style_type::vector:
             return evaluate_vector(collection, inputs);
     }
-    throwing_assert(0 && "do_evaluate invalid style");
+    std::abort();
 }
 
 static cql3::raw_value do_evaluate(const usertype_constructor& user_val, const evaluation_inputs& inputs) {

cql3/expr/prepare_expr.cc

@@ -502,8 +502,8 @@ vector_validate_assignable_to(const collection_constructor& c, data_dictionary::
         throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(format("Invalid vector type literal for {} of type {}", *receiver.name, receiver.type->as_cql3_type()));
     }
 
-    vector_dimension_t expected_size = vt->get_dimension();
-    if (expected_size == 0) {
+    size_t expected_size = vt->get_dimension();
+    if (!expected_size) {
         throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(format("Invalid vector type literal for {}: type {} expects at least one element",
                                                             *receiver.name, receiver.type->as_cql3_type()));
     }
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ cast_test_assignment(const cast& c, data_dictionary::database db, const sstring&
             return assignment_testable::test_result::NOT_ASSIGNABLE;
         }
     } catch (exceptions::invalid_request_exception& e) {
-        throwing_assert(0 && "cast_test_assignment exception");
+        abort();
     }
 }
 

cql3/functions/functions.cc

@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ functions::get_user_aggregates(const sstring& keyspace) const {
 
 std::ranges::subrange<functions::declared_t::const_iterator>
 functions::find(const function_name& name) const {
-    throwing_assert(name.has_keyspace()); // : "function name not fully qualified";
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(name.has_keyspace()); // : "function name not fully qualified";
     auto pair = _declared.equal_range(name);
     return std::ranges::subrange(pair.first, pair.second);
 }

cql3/functions/vector_similarity_fcts.cc

@@ -10,16 +10,15 @@
 #include "types/types.hh"
 #include "types/vector.hh"
 #include "exceptions/exceptions.hh"
-#include <bit>
 #include <span>
-#include <seastar/core/byteorder.hh>
+#include <bit>
 
 namespace cql3 {
 namespace functions {
 
 namespace detail {
 
-std::vector<float> extract_float_vector(const bytes_opt& param, vector_dimension_t dimension) {
+std::vector<float> extract_float_vector(const bytes_opt& param, size_t dimension) {
     if (!param) {
         throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Cannot extract float vector from null parameter");
     }
@@ -31,10 +30,14 @@ std::vector<float> extract_float_vector(const bytes_opt& param, vector_dimension
                        expected_size, dimension, param->size()));
     }
 
-    std::vector<float> result(dimension);
-    const char* p = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(param->data());
+    std::vector<float> result;
+    result.reserve(dimension);
+
+    bytes_view view(*param);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < dimension; ++i) {
-        result[i] = std::bit_cast<float>(consume_be<uint32_t>(p));
+        // read_simple handles network byte order (big-endian) conversion
+        uint32_t raw = read_simple<uint32_t>(view);
+        result.push_back(std::bit_cast<float>(raw));
     }
 
     return result;
@@ -52,14 +55,13 @@ namespace {
 // You should only use this function if you need to preserve the original vectors and cannot normalize
 // them in advance.
 float compute_cosine_similarity(std::span<const float> v1, std::span<const float> v2) {
-    #pragma clang fp contract(fast) reassociate(on) // Allow the compiler to optimize the loop.
-    float dot_product = 0.0;
-    float squared_norm_a = 0.0;
-    float squared_norm_b = 0.0;
+    double dot_product = 0.0;
+    double squared_norm_a = 0.0;
+    double squared_norm_b = 0.0;
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < v1.size(); ++i) {
-        float a = v1[i];
-        float b = v2[i];
+        double a = v1[i];
+        double b = v2[i];
 
         dot_product += a * b;
         squared_norm_a += a * a;
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ float compute_cosine_similarity(std::span<const float> v1, std::span<const float
     }
 
     if (squared_norm_a == 0 || squared_norm_b == 0) {
-        return std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN();
+        throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Function system.similarity_cosine doesn't support all-zero vectors");
     }
 
     // The cosine similarity is in the range [-1, 1].
@@ -77,14 +79,13 @@ float compute_cosine_similarity(std::span<const float> v1, std::span<const float
 }
 
 float compute_euclidean_similarity(std::span<const float> v1, std::span<const float> v2) {
-    #pragma clang fp contract(fast) reassociate(on) // Allow the compiler to optimize the loop.
-    float sum = 0.0;
+    double sum = 0.0;
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < v1.size(); ++i) {
-        float a = v1[i];
-        float b = v2[i];
+        double a = v1[i];
+        double b = v2[i];
 
-        float diff = a - b;
+        double diff = a - b;
         sum += diff * diff;
     }
 
@@ -97,12 +98,11 @@ float compute_euclidean_similarity(std::span<const float> v1, std::span<const fl
 // Assumes that both vectors are L2-normalized.
 // This similarity is intended as an optimized way to perform cosine similarity calculation.
 float compute_dot_product_similarity(std::span<const float> v1, std::span<const float> v2) {
-    #pragma clang fp contract(fast) reassociate(on) // Allow the compiler to optimize the loop.
-    float dot_product = 0.0;
+    double dot_product = 0.0;
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < v1.size(); ++i) {
-        float a = v1[i];
-        float b = v2[i];
+        double a = v1[i];
+        double b = v2[i];
         dot_product += a * b;
     }
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ std::vector<data_type> retrieve_vector_arg_types(const function_name& name, cons
         }
     }
 
-    vector_dimension_t dimension = first_dim_opt ? *first_dim_opt : *second_dim_opt;
+    size_t dimension = first_dim_opt ? *first_dim_opt : *second_dim_opt;
     auto type = vector_type_impl::get_instance(float_type, dimension);
     return {type, type};
 }
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ bytes_opt vector_similarity_fct::execute(std::span<const bytes_opt> parameters)
 
     // Extract dimension from the vector type
     const auto& type = static_cast<const vector_type_impl&>(*arg_types()[0]);
-    vector_dimension_t dimension = type.get_dimension();
+    size_t dimension = type.get_dimension();
 
     // Optimized path: extract floats directly from bytes, bypassing data_value overhead
     std::vector<float> v1 = detail::extract_float_vector(parameters[0], dimension);

cql3/functions/vector_similarity_fcts.hh

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace detail {
 // Extract float vector directly from serialized bytes, bypassing data_value overhead.
 // This is an internal API exposed for testing purposes.
 // Vector<float, N> wire format: N floats as big-endian uint32_t values, 4 bytes each.
-std::vector<float> extract_float_vector(const bytes_opt& param, vector_dimension_t dimension);
+std::vector<float> extract_float_vector(const bytes_opt& param, size_t dimension);
 
 } // namespace detail
 

cql3/keyspace_element_name.cc

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ bool keyspace_element_name::has_keyspace() const
 
 const sstring& keyspace_element_name::get_keyspace() const
 {
-    throwing_assert(_ks_name);
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(_ks_name);
     return *_ks_name;
 }
 

cql3/lists.cc

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ lists::setter_by_index::fill_prepare_context(prepare_context& ctx) {
 void
 lists::setter_by_index::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& prefix, const update_parameters& params) {
     // we should not get here for frozen lists
-    throwing_assert(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to set an individual element on a frozen list";
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to set an individual element on a frozen list";
 
     auto index = expr::evaluate(_idx, params._options);
     if (index.is_null()) {
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ lists::setter_by_uuid::requires_read() const {
 void
 lists::setter_by_uuid::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& prefix, const update_parameters& params) {
     // we should not get here for frozen lists
-    throwing_assert(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to set an individual element on a frozen list";
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to set an individual element on a frozen list";
 
     auto index = expr::evaluate(_idx, params._options);
     auto value = expr::evaluate(*_e, params._options);
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ lists::setter_by_uuid::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& prefix,
 void
 lists::appender::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& prefix, const update_parameters& params) {
     const cql3::raw_value value = expr::evaluate(*_e, params._options);
-    throwing_assert(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to append to a frozen list";
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to append to a frozen list";
     do_append(value, m, prefix, column, params);
 }
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ lists::do_append(const cql3::raw_value& list_value,
 
 void
 lists::prepender::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& prefix, const update_parameters& params) {
-    throwing_assert(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to prepend to a frozen list";
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to prepend to a frozen list";
     cql3::raw_value lvalue = expr::evaluate(*_e, params._options);
     if (lvalue.is_null()) {
         return;
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ lists::discarder::requires_read() const {
 
 void
 lists::discarder::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& prefix, const update_parameters& params) {
-    throwing_assert(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to delete from a frozen list";
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to delete from a frozen list";
 
     auto&& existing_list = params.get_prefetched_list(m.key(), prefix, column);
     // We want to call bind before possibly returning to reject queries where the value provided is not a list.
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ lists::discarder_by_index::requires_read() const {
 
 void
 lists::discarder_by_index::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& prefix, const update_parameters& params) {
-    throwing_assert(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to delete an item by index from a frozen list";
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to delete an item by index from a frozen list";
     cql3::raw_value index = expr::evaluate(*_e, params._options);
     if (index.is_null()) {
         throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Invalid null value for list index");

cql3/maps.cc

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ maps::setter_by_key::fill_prepare_context(prepare_context& ctx) {
 void
 maps::setter_by_key::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& prefix, const update_parameters& params) {
     using exceptions::invalid_request_exception;
-    throwing_assert(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to set a value for a single key on a frozen map"m
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to set a value for a single key on a frozen map"m
     auto key = expr::evaluate(_k, params._options);
     auto value = expr::evaluate(*_e, params._options);
     if (key.is_null()) {
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ maps::setter_by_key::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& prefix, c
 
 void
 maps::putter::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& prefix, const update_parameters& params) {
-    throwing_assert(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to add items to a frozen map";
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to add items to a frozen map";
     cql3::raw_value value = expr::evaluate(*_e, params._options);
     do_put(m, prefix, params, value, column);
 }
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ maps::do_put(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& prefix, const update_para
 
 void
 maps::discarder_by_key::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& prefix, const update_parameters& params) {
-    throwing_assert(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to delete a single key in a frozen map";
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to delete a single key in a frozen map";
     cql3::raw_value key = expr::evaluate(*_e, params._options);
     if (key.is_null()) {
         throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Invalid null map key");

cql3/operation.cc

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ operation::set_element::prepare(data_dictionary::database db, const sstring& key
         verify_no_aggregate_functions(mval, "SET clause");
         return make_shared<maps::setter_by_key>(receiver, std::move(key), std::move(mval));
     }
-    throwing_assert(0 && "prepare set_element collection type");
+    abort();
 }
 
 bool
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ operation::addition::prepare(data_dictionary::database db, const sstring& keyspa
     } else if (ctype->get_kind() == abstract_type::kind::map) {
         return make_shared<maps::putter>(receiver, std::move(v));
     } else {
-        throwing_assert(0 && "prepare addition collection type");
+        abort();
     }
 }
 
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ operation::subtraction::prepare(data_dictionary::database db, const sstring& key
         verify_no_aggregate_functions(v, "SET clause");
         return ::make_shared<sets::discarder>(receiver, std::move(v));
     }
-    throwing_assert(0 && "prepare subtraction collection type");
+    abort();
 }
 
 bool
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ operation::set_value::prepare(data_dictionary::database db, const sstring& keysp
         } else if (k == abstract_type::kind::map) {
             return make_shared<maps::setter>(receiver, std::move(v));
         } else {
-            throwing_assert(0 && "prepare set_value collection type");
+            abort();
         }
     }
 
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ operation::element_deletion::prepare(data_dictionary::database db, const sstring
         verify_no_aggregate_functions(key, "SET clause");
         return make_shared<maps::discarder_by_key>(receiver, std::move(key));
     }
-    throwing_assert(0 && "prepare element_deletion collection type");
+    abort();
 }
 
 expr::expression

cql3/prepared_statements_cache.hh

@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ public:
     static const std::chrono::minutes entry_expiry;
 
     using key_type = prepared_cache_key_type;
-    using pinned_value_type = cache_value_ptr;
     using value_type = checked_weak_ptr;
     using statement_is_too_big = typename cache_type::entry_is_too_big;
 
@@ -117,14 +116,9 @@ public:
         : _cache(size, entry_expiry, logger)
     {}
 
-    template <typename LoadFunc>
-    future<pinned_value_type> get_pinned(const key_type& key, LoadFunc&& load) {
-        return _cache.get_ptr(key.key(), [load = std::forward<LoadFunc>(load)] (const cache_key_type&) { return load(); });
-    }
-
     template <typename LoadFunc>
     future<value_type> get(const key_type& key, LoadFunc&& load) {
-        return get_pinned(key, std::forward<LoadFunc>(load)).then([] (cache_value_ptr v_ptr) {
+        return _cache.get_ptr(key.key(), [load = std::forward<LoadFunc>(load)] (const cache_key_type&) { return load(); }).then([] (cache_value_ptr v_ptr) {
             return make_ready_future<value_type>((*v_ptr)->checked_weak_from_this());
         });
     }
@@ -143,6 +137,15 @@ public:
         return value_type();
     }
 
+    bool update_result_metadata_id(const key_type& key, cql3::cql_metadata_id_type metadata_id) {
+        cache_value_ptr vp = _cache.find(key.key());
+        if (!vp) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        (*vp)->update_result_metadata_id(std::move(metadata_id));
+        return true;
+    }
+
     template <typename Pred>
     requires std::is_invocable_r_v<bool, Pred, ::shared_ptr<cql_statement>>
     void remove_if(Pred&& pred) {

cql3/query_processor.cc

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
 
 #include <seastar/core/metrics.hh>
-#include <seastar/core/memory.hh>
 #include <seastar/core/shared_ptr.hh>
 #include <seastar/coroutine/parallel_for_each.hh>
 #include <seastar/coroutine/as_future.hh>
@@ -92,11 +91,7 @@ query_processor::query_processor(service::storage_proxy& proxy, data_dictionary:
         , _authorized_prepared_cache_update_interval_in_ms_observer(_db.get_config().permissions_update_interval_in_ms.observe(_auth_prepared_cache_cfg_cb))
         , _authorized_prepared_cache_validity_in_ms_observer(_db.get_config().permissions_validity_in_ms.observe(_auth_prepared_cache_cfg_cb))
         , _lang_manager(langm)
-        , _write_consistency_levels_warned_observer(_db.get_config().write_consistency_levels_warned.observe([this](const auto& v) { _write_consistency_levels_warned = to_consistency_level_set(v); }))
-        , _write_consistency_levels_disallowed_observer(_db.get_config().write_consistency_levels_disallowed.observe([this](const auto& v) { _write_consistency_levels_disallowed = to_consistency_level_set(v); }))
         {
-    _write_consistency_levels_warned = to_consistency_level_set(_db.get_config().write_consistency_levels_warned());
-    _write_consistency_levels_disallowed = to_consistency_level_set(_db.get_config().write_consistency_levels_disallowed());
     namespace sm = seastar::metrics;
     namespace stm = statements;
     using clevel = db::consistency_level;
@@ -511,40 +506,8 @@ query_processor::query_processor(service::storage_proxy& proxy, data_dictionary:
                             _cql_stats.replication_strategy_fail_list_violations,
                             sm::description("Counts the number of replication_strategy_fail_list guardrail violations, "
                                             "i.e. attempts to set a forbidden replication strategy in a keyspace via CREATE/ALTER KEYSPACE.")).set_skip_when_empty(),
-
-                    sm::make_counter(
-                            "forwarded_requests",
-                            _cql_stats.forwarded_requests,
-                            sm::description("Counts the total number of attempts to forward CQL requests to other nodes. One request may be forwarded multiple times, "
-                                            "particularly when a write is handled by a non-replica node.")).set_skip_when_empty(),
             });
 
-    std::vector<sm::metric_definition> cql_cl_group;
-    for (auto cl = size_t(clevel::MIN_VALUE); cl <= size_t(clevel::MAX_VALUE); ++cl) {
-        cql_cl_group.push_back(
-            sm::make_counter(
-                "writes_per_consistency_level",
-                _cql_stats.writes_per_consistency_level[cl],
-                sm::description("Counts the number of writes for each consistency level."),
-                {cl_label(clevel(cl)), basic_level}).set_skip_when_empty());
-    }
-    _metrics.add_group("cql", cql_cl_group);
-
-    _metrics.add_group("cql", {
-        sm::make_counter(
-            "write_consistency_levels_disallowed_violations",
-            _cql_stats.write_consistency_levels_disallowed_violations,
-            sm::description("Counts the number of write_consistency_levels_disallowed guardrail violations, "
-                            "i.e. attempts to write with a forbidden consistency level."),
-            {basic_level}),
-        sm::make_counter(
-            "write_consistency_levels_warned_violations",
-            _cql_stats.write_consistency_levels_warned_violations,
-            sm::description("Counts the number of write_consistency_levels_warned guardrail violations, "
-                            "i.e. attempts to write with a discouraged consistency level."),
-            {basic_level}),
-    });
-
     _mnotifier.register_listener(_migration_subscriber.get());
 }
 
@@ -586,7 +549,8 @@ future<::shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message>> query_processor::e
         ::shared_ptr<cql_statement> statement, service::query_state& query_state, const query_options& options) {
     // execute all statements that need group0 guard on shard0
     if (this_shard_id() != 0) {
-        co_return bounce_to_shard(0, std::move(const_cast<cql3::query_options&>(options).take_cached_pk_function_calls()), false);
+        co_return ::make_shared<cql_transport::messages::result_message::bounce_to_shard>(0,
+                    std::move(const_cast<cql3::query_options&>(options).take_cached_pk_function_calls()));
     }
 
     auto [remote_, holder] = remote();
@@ -733,7 +697,7 @@ future<::shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message::prepared>>
 query_processor::prepare(sstring query_string, const service::client_state& client_state, cql3::dialect d) {
     try {
         auto key = compute_id(query_string, client_state.get_raw_keyspace(), d);
-        auto prep_entry = co_await _prepared_cache.get_pinned(key, [this, &query_string, &client_state, d] {
+        auto prep_ptr = co_await _prepared_cache.get(key, [this, &query_string, &client_state, d] {
                 auto prepared = get_statement(query_string, client_state, d);
                 prepared->calculate_metadata_id();
                 auto bound_terms = prepared->statement->get_bound_terms();
@@ -743,17 +707,17 @@ query_processor::prepare(sstring query_string, const service::client_state& clie
                                 bound_terms,
                                 std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()));
                 }
-                throwing_assert(bound_terms == prepared->bound_names.size());
+                SCYLLA_ASSERT(bound_terms == prepared->bound_names.size());
                 return make_ready_future<std::unique_ptr<statements::prepared_statement>>(std::move(prepared));
             });
 
-        co_await utils::get_local_injector().inject(
-                "query_processor_prepare_wait_after_cache_get",
-                utils::wait_for_message(std::chrono::seconds(60)));
-  
-        auto msg = ::make_shared<result_message::prepared::cql>(prepared_cache_key_type::cql_id(key), std::move(prep_entry),
+        const auto& warnings = prep_ptr->warnings;
+        const auto msg = ::make_shared<result_message::prepared::cql>(prepared_cache_key_type::cql_id(key), std::move(prep_ptr),
                     client_state.is_protocol_extension_set(cql_transport::cql_protocol_extension::LWT_ADD_METADATA_MARK));
-        co_return std::move(msg);
+        for (const auto& w : warnings) {
+            msg->add_warning(w);
+        }
+        co_return ::shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message::prepared>(std::move(msg));
     } catch(typename prepared_statements_cache::statement_is_too_big&) {
         throw prepared_statement_is_too_big(query_string);
     }
@@ -774,10 +738,6 @@ prepared_cache_key_type query_processor::compute_id(
 
 std::unique_ptr<prepared_statement>
 query_processor::get_statement(const std::string_view& query, const service::client_state& client_state, dialect d) {
-    // Measuring allocation cost requires that no yield points exist
-    // between bytes_before and bytes_after. It needs fixing if this
-    // function is ever futurized.
-    auto bytes_before = seastar::memory::stats().total_bytes_allocated();
     std::unique_ptr<raw::parsed_statement> statement = parse_statement(query, d);
 
     // Set keyspace for statement that require login
@@ -793,8 +753,6 @@ query_processor::get_statement(const std::string_view& query, const service::cli
         audit_info->set_query_string(query);
         p->statement->sanitize_audit_info();
     }
-    auto bytes_after = seastar::memory::stats().total_bytes_allocated();
-    _parsing_cost_tracker.add_sample(bytes_after - bytes_before);
     return p;
 }
 
@@ -1270,25 +1228,9 @@ future<> query_processor::query_internal(
     return query_internal(query_string, db::consistency_level::ONE, {}, 1000, std::move(f));
 }
 
-shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message> query_processor::bounce_to_shard(unsigned shard, cql3::computed_function_values cached_fn_calls, bool track) {
-    if (track) {
-        _proxy.get_stats().replica_cross_shard_ops++;
-    }
-    const auto my_host_id = _proxy.get_token_metadata_ptr()->get_topology().my_host_id();
-    return ::make_shared<cql_transport::messages::result_message::bounce>(my_host_id, shard, std::move(cached_fn_calls));
-}
-
-shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message> query_processor::bounce_to_node(locator::tablet_replica replica, cql3::computed_function_values cached_fn_calls, seastar::lowres_clock::time_point timeout, bool is_write) {
-    get_cql_stats().forwarded_requests++;
-    return ::make_shared<cql_transport::messages::result_message::bounce>(replica.host, replica.shard, std::move(cached_fn_calls), timeout, is_write);
-}
-
-query_processor::consistency_level_set query_processor::to_consistency_level_set(const query_processor::cl_option_list& levels) {
-    query_processor::consistency_level_set result;
-    for (const auto& opt : levels) {
-        result.set(static_cast<db::consistency_level>(opt));
-    }
-    return result;
+shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message> query_processor::bounce_to_shard(unsigned shard, cql3::computed_function_values cached_fn_calls) {
+    _proxy.get_stats().replica_cross_shard_ops++;
+    return ::make_shared<cql_transport::messages::result_message::bounce_to_shard>(shard, std::move(cached_fn_calls));
 }
 
 void query_processor::update_authorized_prepared_cache_config() {

cql3/query_processor.hh

@@ -31,12 +31,9 @@
 #include "vector_search/vector_store_client.hh"
 #include "utils/assert.hh"
 #include "utils/observable.hh"
-#include "utils/rolling_max_tracker.hh"
 #include "service/raft/raft_group0_client.hh"
 #include "types/types.hh"
-#include "db/consistency_level_type.hh"
-#include "db/config.hh"
-#include "utils/enum_option.hh"
+#include "db/auth_version.hh"
 #include "service/storage_proxy_fwd.hh"
 
 
@@ -135,9 +132,6 @@ private:
     prepared_statements_cache _prepared_cache;
     authorized_prepared_statements_cache _authorized_prepared_cache;
 
-    // Tracks the rolling maximum of gross bytes allocated during CQL parsing
-    utils::rolling_max_tracker _parsing_cost_tracker{1000};
-
     std::function<void(uint32_t)> _auth_prepared_cache_cfg_cb;
     serialized_action _authorized_prepared_cache_config_action;
     utils::observer<uint32_t> _authorized_prepared_cache_update_interval_in_ms_observer;
@@ -148,30 +142,6 @@ private:
     std::unordered_map<sstring, std::unique_ptr<statements::prepared_statement>> _internal_statements;
 
     lang::manager& _lang_manager;
-
-    using cl_option_list = std::vector<enum_option<db::consistency_level_restriction_t>>;
-
-    /// Efficient bitmask-based set of consistency levels.
-    using consistency_level_set = enum_set<super_enum<db::consistency_level,
-        db::consistency_level::ANY,
-        db::consistency_level::ONE,
-        db::consistency_level::TWO,
-        db::consistency_level::THREE,
-        db::consistency_level::QUORUM,
-        db::consistency_level::ALL,
-        db::consistency_level::LOCAL_QUORUM,
-        db::consistency_level::EACH_QUORUM,
-        db::consistency_level::SERIAL,
-        db::consistency_level::LOCAL_SERIAL,
-        db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE>>;
-
-
-    consistency_level_set _write_consistency_levels_warned;
-    consistency_level_set _write_consistency_levels_disallowed;
-    utils::observer<cl_option_list> _write_consistency_levels_warned_observer;
-    utils::observer<cl_option_list> _write_consistency_levels_disallowed_observer;
-
-    static consistency_level_set to_consistency_level_set(const cl_option_list& levels);
 public:
     static const sstring CQL_VERSION;
 
@@ -216,11 +186,6 @@ public:
         return _cql_stats;
     }
 
-    /// Returns the estimated peak memory cost of CQL parsing.
-    size_t parsing_cost_estimate() const noexcept {
-        return _parsing_cost_tracker.current_max();
-    }
-
     lang::manager& lang() { return _lang_manager; }
 
     const vector_search::vector_store_client& vector_store_client() const noexcept {
@@ -231,6 +196,8 @@ public:
         return _vector_store_client;
     }
 
+    db::auth_version_t auth_version;
+
     statements::prepared_statement::checked_weak_ptr get_prepared(const std::optional<auth::authenticated_user>& user, const prepared_cache_key_type& key) {
         if (user) {
             auto vp = _authorized_prepared_cache.find(*user, key);
@@ -510,15 +477,16 @@ public:
 
     friend class migration_subscriber;
 
-    shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message> bounce_to_shard(unsigned shard, cql3::computed_function_values cached_fn_calls, bool track = true);
-    shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message> bounce_to_node(
-            locator::tablet_replica replica,
-            cql3::computed_function_values cached_fn_calls,
-            seastar::lowres_clock::time_point timeout,
-            bool is_write);
+    shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message> bounce_to_shard(unsigned shard, cql3::computed_function_values cached_fn_calls);
 
     void update_authorized_prepared_cache_config();
 
+    /// Update the result metadata_id of a cached prepared statement.
+    /// Returns true if the entry was found and updated, false if it was evicted.
+    bool update_prepared_result_metadata_id(const cql3::prepared_cache_key_type& cache_key, cql3::cql_metadata_id_type metadata_id) {
+        return _prepared_cache.update_result_metadata_id(cache_key, std::move(metadata_id));
+    }
+
     void reset_cache();
 
     bool topology_global_queue_empty();
@@ -531,21 +499,6 @@ public:
             int32_t page_size = -1,
             service::node_local_only node_local_only = service::node_local_only::no) const;
 
-    enum class write_consistency_guardrail_state { NONE, WARN, FAIL };
-    inline write_consistency_guardrail_state check_write_consistency_levels_guardrail(db::consistency_level cl) {
-        _cql_stats.writes_per_consistency_level[size_t(cl)]++;
-
-        if (_write_consistency_levels_disallowed.contains(cl)) [[unlikely]] {
-            _cql_stats.write_consistency_levels_disallowed_violations++;
-            return write_consistency_guardrail_state::FAIL;
-        }
-        if (_write_consistency_levels_warned.contains(cl)) [[unlikely]] {
-            _cql_stats.write_consistency_levels_warned_violations++;
-            return write_consistency_guardrail_state::WARN;
-        }
-        return write_consistency_guardrail_state::NONE;
-    }
-
 private:
     // Keep the holder until you stop using the `remote` services.
     std::pair<std::reference_wrapper<remote>, gate::holder> remote();

cql3/query_result_printer.hh

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2025-present ScyllaDB
- */
-
-/*
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <ostream>
-
-namespace cql3 {
-
-class result;
-
-void print_query_results_text(std::ostream& os, const result& result);
-void print_query_results_json(std::ostream& os, const result& result);
-
-} // namespace cql3

cql3/restrictions/bounds_slice.hh

@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ public:
      */
     void merge(const bounds_slice& other) {
         if (has_bound(statements::bound::START)) {
-            throwing_assert(!other.has_bound(statements::bound::START));
+            SCYLLA_ASSERT(!other.has_bound(statements::bound::START));
             _bounds[get_idx(statements::bound::END)] = other._bounds[get_idx(statements::bound::END)];
         } else {
-            throwing_assert(!other.has_bound(statements::bound::END));
+            SCYLLA_ASSERT(!other.has_bound(statements::bound::END));
             _bounds[get_idx(statements::bound::START)] = other._bounds[get_idx(statements::bound::START)];
         }
     }

cql3/result_set.cc

@@ -9,10 +9,8 @@
  */
 
 #include <cstdint>
-#include "types/json_utils.hh"
 #include "utils/assert.hh"
 #include "utils/hashers.hh"
-#include "utils/rjson.hh"
 #include "cql3/result_set.hh"
 
 namespace cql3 {
@@ -61,7 +59,7 @@ void metadata::set_paging_state(lw_shared_ptr<const service::pager::paging_state
 }
 
 void metadata::maybe_set_paging_state(lw_shared_ptr<const service::pager::paging_state> paging_state) {
-    throwing_assert(paging_state);
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(paging_state);
     if (paging_state->get_remaining() > 0) {
         set_paging_state(std::move(paging_state));
     } else {
@@ -138,7 +136,7 @@ bool result_set::empty() const {
 }
 
 void result_set::add_row(std::vector<managed_bytes_opt> row) {
-    throwing_assert(row.size() == _metadata->value_count());
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(row.size() == _metadata->value_count());
     _rows.emplace_back(std::move(row));
 }
 
@@ -197,85 +195,4 @@ make_empty_metadata() {
     return empty_metadata_cache;
 }
 
-void print_query_results_text(std::ostream& os, const cql3::result& result) {
-    const auto& metadata = result.get_metadata();
-    const auto& column_metadata = metadata.get_names();
-
-    struct column_values {
-        size_t max_size{0};
-        sstring header_format;
-        sstring row_format;
-        std::vector<sstring> values;
-
-        void add(sstring value) {
-            max_size = std::max(max_size, value.size());
-            values.push_back(std::move(value));
-        }
-    };
-
-    std::vector<column_values> columns;
-    columns.resize(column_metadata.size());
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < column_metadata.size(); ++i) {
-        columns[i].add(column_metadata[i]->name->text());
-    }
-
-    for (const auto& row : result.result_set().rows()) {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < row.size(); ++i) {
-            if (row[i]) {
-                columns[i].add(column_metadata[i]->type->to_string(linearized(managed_bytes_view(*row[i]))));
-            } else {
-                columns[i].add("");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::vector<sstring> separators(columns.size(), sstring());
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < columns.size(); ++i) {
-        auto& col_values = columns[i];
-        col_values.header_format = seastar::format(" {{:<{}}} ", col_values.max_size);
-        col_values.row_format = seastar::format(" {{:>{}}} ", col_values.max_size);
-        for (size_t c = 0; c < col_values.max_size; ++c) {
-            separators[i] += "-";
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (size_t r = 0; r < result.result_set().rows().size() + 1; ++r) {
-        std::vector<sstring> row;
-        row.reserve(columns.size());
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < columns.size(); ++i) {
-            const auto& format = r == 0 ? columns[i].header_format : columns[i].row_format;
-            row.push_back(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(std::string_view(format)), columns[i].values[r]));
-        }
-        fmt::print(os, "{}\n", fmt::join(row, "|"));
-        if (!r) {
-            fmt::print(os, "-{}-\n", fmt::join(separators, "-+-"));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void print_query_results_json(std::ostream& os, const cql3::result& result) {
-    const auto& metadata = result.get_metadata();
-    const auto& column_metadata = metadata.get_names();
-
-    rjson::streaming_writer writer(os);
-
-    writer.StartArray();
-    for (const auto& row : result.result_set().rows()) {
-        writer.StartObject();
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < row.size(); ++i) {
-            writer.Key(column_metadata[i]->name->text());
-            if (!row[i] || row[i]->empty()) {
-                writer.Null();
-                continue;
-            }
-            const auto value = to_json_string(*column_metadata[i]->type, *row[i]);
-            const auto type = to_json_type(*column_metadata[i]->type, *row[i]);
-            writer.RawValue(value, type);
-        }
-        writer.EndObject();
-    }
-    writer.EndArray();
-}
-
 }

cql3/selection/selection.cc

@@ -212,20 +212,11 @@ public:
     }
 
     virtual uint32_t add_column_for_post_processing(const column_definition& c) override {
-        auto it = std::find_if(_selectors.begin(), _selectors.end(), [&c](const expr::expression& e) {
-            auto col = expr::as_if<expr::column_value>(&e);
-            return col && col->col == &c;
-        });
-        if (it != _selectors.end()) {
-            return std::distance(_selectors.begin(), it);
-        }
-
-        add_column(c);
-        get_result_metadata()->add_non_serialized_column(c.column_specification);
+        uint32_t index = selection::add_column_for_post_processing(c);
         _selectors.push_back(expr::column_value(&c));
         if (_inner_loop.empty()) {
             // Simple case: no aggregation
-            return _selectors.size() - 1;
+            return index;
         } else {
             // Complex case: aggregation, must pass through temporary
             auto first_func = cql3::functions::aggregate_fcts::make_first_function(c.type);
@@ -479,21 +470,10 @@ std::vector<const column_definition*> selection::wildcard_columns(schema_ptr sch
     return simple_selection::make(schema, std::move(columns), false);
 }
 
-selection::add_column_result selection::add_column(const column_definition& c) {
-    auto index = index_of(c);
-    if (index != -1) {
-        return {index, false};
-    }
-    _columns.push_back(&c);
-    return {_columns.size() - 1, true};
-}
-
 uint32_t selection::add_column_for_post_processing(const column_definition& c) {
-    auto col = add_column(c);
-    if (col.added) {
-        _metadata->add_non_serialized_column(c.column_specification);
-    }
-    return col.index;
+    _columns.push_back(&c);
+    _metadata->add_non_serialized_column(c.column_specification);
+    return _columns.size() - 1;
 }
 
 ::shared_ptr<selection> selection::from_selectors(data_dictionary::database db, schema_ptr schema, const sstring& ks, const std::vector<prepared_selector>& prepared_selectors) {

cql3/selection/selection.hh

@@ -130,14 +130,6 @@ public:
     virtual std::vector<shared_ptr<functions::function>> used_functions() const { return {}; }
 
     query::partition_slice::option_set get_query_options();
-protected:
-    // Result of add_column: index in _columns and whether it was added now (or existed already).
-    struct add_column_result {
-        uint32_t index;
-        bool added;
-    };
-    // Adds a column to the _columns if not already present, returns add_column_result.
-    add_column_result add_column(const column_definition& c);
 private:
     static bool processes_selection(const std::vector<prepared_selector>& prepared_selectors);
 
@@ -356,7 +348,7 @@ public:
                     add_value(*def, static_row_iterator);
                     break;
                 default:
-                    throwing_assert(0);
+                    SCYLLA_ASSERT(0);
                 }
             }
             _builder.complete_row();

cql3/sets.cc

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ sets::setter::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& row_key, const u
 void
 sets::adder::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& row_key, const update_parameters& params) {
     const cql3::raw_value value = expr::evaluate(*_e, params._options);
-    throwing_assert(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to add items to a frozen set";
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to add items to a frozen set";
     do_add(m, row_key, params, value, column);
 }
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ sets::adder::do_add(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& row_key, const upd
 
 void
 sets::discarder::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& row_key, const update_parameters& params) {
-    throwing_assert(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to remove items from a frozen set";
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(column.type->is_multi_cell()); // "Attempted to remove items from a frozen set";
 
     cql3::raw_value svalue = expr::evaluate(*_e, params._options);
     if (svalue.is_null()) {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ sets::discarder::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& row_key, cons
 
 void sets::element_discarder::execute(mutation& m, const clustering_key_prefix& row_key, const update_parameters& params)
 {
-    throwing_assert(column.type->is_multi_cell() && "Attempted to remove items from a frozen set");
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(column.type->is_multi_cell() && "Attempted to remove items from a frozen set");
     cql3::raw_value elt = expr::evaluate(*_e, params._options);
     if (elt.is_null()) {
         throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Invalid null set element");

cql3/statements/alter_table_statement.cc

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 
 #include "cdc/log.hh"
 #include "index/vector_index.hh"
-#include "types/types.hh"
 #include "utils/assert.hh"
 #include <seastar/core/coroutine.hh>
 #include "cql3/query_options.hh"
@@ -31,9 +30,6 @@
 #include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
 #include "cdc/cdc_extension.hh"
 #include "cdc/cdc_partitioner.hh"
-#include "db/tags/extension.hh"
-#include "db/tags/utils.hh"
-#include "alternator/ttl_tag.hh"
 
 namespace cql3 {
 
@@ -47,8 +43,7 @@ alter_table_statement::alter_table_statement(uint32_t bound_terms,
                                              std::vector<column_change> column_changes,
                                              std::optional<cf_prop_defs> properties,
                                              renames_type renames,
-                                             std::unique_ptr<attributes> attrs,
-                                             shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw> ttl_change)
+                                             std::unique_ptr<attributes> attrs)
     : schema_altering_statement(std::move(name))
     , _bound_terms(bound_terms)
     , _type(t)
@@ -56,7 +51,6 @@ alter_table_statement::alter_table_statement(uint32_t bound_terms,
     , _properties(std::move(properties))
     , _renames(std::move(renames))
     , _attrs(std::move(attrs))
-    , _ttl_change(std::move(ttl_change))
 {
 }
 
@@ -296,7 +290,7 @@ void alter_table_statement::drop_column(const query_options& options, const sche
 std::pair<schema_ptr, std::vector<view_ptr>> alter_table_statement::prepare_schema_update(data_dictionary::database db, const query_options& options) const {
     auto s = validation::validate_column_family(db, keyspace(), column_family());
     if (s->is_view()) {
-        throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Cannot use ALTER TABLE on Materialized View. (Did you mean ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW)?");
+        throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Cannot use ALTER TABLE on Materialized View");
     }
 
     const bool is_cdc_log_table = cdc::is_log_for_some_table(db.real_database(), s->ks_name(), s->cf_name());
@@ -368,7 +362,7 @@ std::pair<schema_ptr, std::vector<view_ptr>> alter_table_statement::prepare_sche
 
     switch (_type) {
     case alter_table_statement::type::add:
-        throwing_assert(_column_changes.size());
+        SCYLLA_ASSERT(_column_changes.size());
         if (s->is_dense()) {
             throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Cannot add new column to a COMPACT STORAGE table");
         }
@@ -376,31 +370,16 @@ std::pair<schema_ptr, std::vector<view_ptr>> alter_table_statement::prepare_sche
         break;
 
     case alter_table_statement::type::alter:
-        throwing_assert(_column_changes.size() == 1);
+        SCYLLA_ASSERT(_column_changes.size() == 1);
         invoke_column_change_fn(std::mem_fn(&alter_table_statement::alter_column));
         break;
 
     case alter_table_statement::type::drop:
-        throwing_assert(_column_changes.size());
+        SCYLLA_ASSERT(_column_changes.size());
         if (!s->is_cql3_table()) {
             throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Cannot drop columns from a non-CQL3 table");
         }
         invoke_column_change_fn(std::mem_fn(&alter_table_statement::drop_column));
-
-        // If we dropped the column used for per-row TTL, we need to remove the tag.
-        if (std::optional<std::string> ttl_column = db::find_tag(*s, TTL_TAG_KEY)) {
-            for (auto& [raw_name, raw_validator, is_static] : _column_changes) {
-                if (*ttl_column == raw_name->text()) {
-                    const std::map<sstring, sstring>* tags_ptr = db::get_tags_of_table(s);
-                    if (tags_ptr) {
-                        std::map<sstring, sstring> tags_map = *tags_ptr;
-                        tags_map.erase(TTL_TAG_KEY);
-                        cfm.add_extension(db::tags_extension::NAME, ::make_shared<db::tags_extension>(std::move(tags_map)));
-                    }
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
         break;
 
     case alter_table_statement::type::opts:
@@ -455,7 +434,6 @@ std::pair<schema_ptr, std::vector<view_ptr>> alter_table_statement::prepare_sche
         break;
 
     case alter_table_statement::type::rename:
-    {
         for (auto&& entry : _renames) {
             auto from = entry.first->prepare_column_identifier(*s);
             auto to = entry.second->prepare_column_identifier(*s);
@@ -492,53 +470,6 @@ std::pair<schema_ptr, std::vector<view_ptr>> alter_table_statement::prepare_sche
         }
         return make_pair(std::move(new_base_schema), std::move(view_updates));
     }
-    case alter_table_statement::type::ttl:
-        if (!db.features().cql_row_ttl) {
-            throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("The CQL per-row TTL feature is not yet supported by this cluster. Upgrade all nodes to use it.");
-        }
-        if (_ttl_change) {
-            // Enable per-row TTL with chosen column for expiration time
-            const column_definition *cdef = 
-                s->get_column_definition(to_bytes(_ttl_change->text()));
-            if (!cdef) {
-                throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(fmt::format("Column '{}' does not exist in table {}.{}", _ttl_change->text(), keyspace(), column_family()));
-            }
-            if (cdef->type != timestamp_type && cdef->type != long_type && cdef->type != int32_type) {
-                throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(fmt::format("TTL column {} must be of type timestamp, bigint or int, can't be {}", _ttl_change->text(), cdef->type->as_cql3_type().to_string()));
-            }
-            if (cdef->is_primary_key()) {
-                throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(fmt::format("Cannot use a primary key column {} as a TTL column", _ttl_change->text()));
-            }
-            if (cdef->is_static()) {
-                throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(fmt::format("Cannot use a static column {} as a TTL column", _ttl_change->text()));
-            }
-            std::optional<std::string> old_ttl_column = db::find_tag(*s, TTL_TAG_KEY);
-            if (old_ttl_column) {
-                throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(fmt::format("Cannot set TTL column, table {}.{} already has a TTL column defined: {}", keyspace(), column_family(), *old_ttl_column));
-            }
-            const std::map<sstring, sstring>* old_tags_ptr = db::get_tags_of_table(s);
-            std::map<sstring, sstring> tags_map;
-            if (old_tags_ptr) {
-                // tags_ptr is a constant pointer to schema data. To modify
-                // it, we must make a copy.
-                tags_map = *old_tags_ptr;
-            }
-            tags_map[TTL_TAG_KEY] = _ttl_change->text();
-            cfm.add_extension(db::tags_extension::NAME, ::make_shared<db::tags_extension>(std::move(tags_map)));
-        } else {
-            // Disable per-row TTL
-            const std::map<sstring, sstring>* tags_ptr = db::get_tags_of_table(s);
-            if (!tags_ptr || tags_ptr->find(TTL_TAG_KEY) == tags_ptr->end()) {
-                throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(fmt::format("Cannot unset TTL column, table {}.{} does not have a TTL column set", keyspace(), column_family()));
-            }
-            // tags_ptr is a constant pointer to schema data. To modify it, we
-            // must make a copy.
-            std::map<sstring, sstring> tags_map = *tags_ptr;
-            tags_map.erase(TTL_TAG_KEY);
-            cfm.add_extension(db::tags_extension::NAME, ::make_shared<db::tags_extension>(std::move(tags_map)));
-        }
-        break;
-    }
 
     return make_pair(cfm.build(), std::move(view_updates));
 }
@@ -577,15 +508,13 @@ alter_table_statement::raw_statement::raw_statement(cf_name name,
                                                     std::vector<column_change> column_changes,
                                                     std::optional<cf_prop_defs> properties,
                                                     renames_type renames,
-                                                    std::unique_ptr<attributes::raw> attrs,
-                                                    shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw> ttl_change)
+                                                    std::unique_ptr<attributes::raw> attrs)
     : cf_statement(std::move(name))
     , _type(t)
     , _column_changes(std::move(column_changes))
     , _properties(std::move(properties))
     , _renames(std::move(renames))
     , _attrs(std::move(attrs))
-    , _ttl_change(std::move(ttl_change))
     {}
 
 std::unique_ptr<cql3::statements::prepared_statement>
@@ -610,8 +539,7 @@ alter_table_statement::raw_statement::prepare(data_dictionary::database db, cql_
                 _column_changes,
                 _properties,
                 _renames,
-                std::move(prepared_attrs),
-                _ttl_change
+                std::move(prepared_attrs)
             ),
             ctx,
             // since alter table is `cql_statement_no_metadata` (it doesn't return any metadata when preparing)

cql3/statements/alter_table_statement.hh

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ public:
         drop,
         opts,
         rename,
-        ttl,
     };
     using renames_type = std::vector<std::pair<shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw>,
                                                shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw>>>;
@@ -51,7 +50,6 @@ private:
     const std::optional<cf_prop_defs> _properties;
     const renames_type _renames;
     const std::unique_ptr<attributes> _attrs;
-    shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw> _ttl_change;
 public:
     alter_table_statement(uint32_t bound_terms,
                           cf_name name,
@@ -59,8 +57,7 @@ public:
                           std::vector<column_change> column_changes,
                           std::optional<cf_prop_defs> properties,
                           renames_type renames,
-                          std::unique_ptr<attributes> attrs,
-                          shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw> ttl_change);
+                          std::unique_ptr<attributes> attrs);
 
     virtual uint32_t get_bound_terms() const override;
     virtual future<> check_access(query_processor& qp, const service::client_state& state) const override;
@@ -81,7 +78,6 @@ class alter_table_statement::raw_statement : public raw::cf_statement {
     const std::optional<cf_prop_defs> _properties;
     const alter_table_statement::renames_type _renames;
     const std::unique_ptr<attributes::raw> _attrs;
-    shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw> _ttl_change;
 
 public:
     raw_statement(cf_name name,
@@ -89,8 +85,7 @@ public:
                   std::vector<column_change> column_changes,
                   std::optional<cf_prop_defs> properties,
                   renames_type renames,
-                  std::unique_ptr<attributes::raw> attrs,
-                  shared_ptr<column_identifier::raw> ttl_change);
+                  std::unique_ptr<attributes::raw> attrs);
     
     virtual std::unique_ptr<prepared_statement> prepare(data_dictionary::database db, cql_stats& stats) override;
 

cql3/statements/alter_view_statement.cc

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ future<> alter_view_statement::check_access(query_processor& qp, const service::
 view_ptr alter_view_statement::prepare_view(data_dictionary::database db) const {
     schema_ptr schema = validation::validate_column_family(db, keyspace(), column_family());
     if (!schema->is_view()) {
-        throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Cannot use ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW on Table. (Did you mean ALTER TABLE)?");
+        throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Cannot use ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW on Table");
     }
 
     if (!_properties) {

cql3/statements/attach_service_level_statement.cc

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ attach_service_level_statement::attach_service_level_statement(sstring service_l
 }
 
 bool attach_service_level_statement::needs_guard(query_processor& qp, service::query_state& state) const {
-    return true;
+    return !auth::legacy_mode(qp) || state.get_service_level_controller().is_v2();
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<cql3::statements::prepared_statement>

cql3/statements/authentication_statement.cc

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "authentication_statement.hh"
 #include "transport/messages/result_message.hh"
 #include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
+#include "auth/common.hh"
 
 uint32_t cql3::statements::authentication_statement::get_bound_terms() const {
     return 0;
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ future<> cql3::statements::authentication_statement::check_access(query_processo
 }
 
 bool cql3::statements::authentication_altering_statement::needs_guard(query_processor& qp, service::query_state&) const {
-    return true;
+    return !auth::legacy_mode(qp);
 }
 
 audit::statement_category cql3::statements::authentication_statement::category() const {

cql3/statements/authorization_statement.cc

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
 #include "exceptions/exceptions.hh"
 #include "db/cql_type_parser.hh"
+#include "auth/common.hh"
 
 uint32_t cql3::statements::authorization_statement::get_bound_terms() const {
     return 0;
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ void cql3::statements::authorization_statement::maybe_correct_resource(auth::res
 
 bool cql3::statements::authorization_altering_statement::needs_guard(
                 query_processor& qp, service::query_state&) const {
-    return true;
+    return !auth::legacy_mode(qp);
 };
 
 audit::statement_category cql3::statements::authorization_statement::category() const {

cql3/statements/batch_statement.cc

@@ -259,15 +259,6 @@ future<shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message>> batch_statement::do_
     if (options.getSerialConsistency() == null)
         throw new InvalidRequestException("Invalid empty serial consistency level");
 #endif
-
-    const auto cl = options.get_consistency();
-    const query_processor::write_consistency_guardrail_state guardrail_state = qp.check_write_consistency_levels_guardrail(cl);
-    if (guardrail_state == query_processor::write_consistency_guardrail_state::FAIL) {
-        return make_exception_future<shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message>>(
-                exceptions::invalid_request_exception(
-                        format("Consistency level {} is not allowed for write operations", cl)));
-    }
-
     for (size_t i = 0; i < _statements.size(); ++i) {
         _statements[i].statement->restrictions().validate_primary_key(options.for_statement(i));
     }
@@ -275,31 +266,23 @@ future<shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message>> batch_statement::do_
     if (_has_conditions) {
         ++_stats.cas_batches;
         _stats.statements_in_cas_batches += _statements.size();
-        return execute_with_conditions(qp, options, query_state).then([guardrail_state, cl] (auto result) {
-            if (guardrail_state == query_processor::write_consistency_guardrail_state::WARN) {
-                result->add_warning(format("Write with consistency level {} is warned by guardrail configuration", cl));
-            }
-            return result;
-        });
+        return execute_with_conditions(qp, options, query_state);
     }
 
     ++_stats.batches;
     _stats.statements_in_batches += _statements.size();
 
     auto timeout = db::timeout_clock::now() + get_timeout(query_state.get_client_state(), options);
-    return get_mutations(qp, options, timeout, local, now, query_state).then([this, &qp, cl, timeout, tr_state = query_state.get_trace_state(),
+    return get_mutations(qp, options, timeout, local, now, query_state).then([this, &qp, &options, timeout, tr_state = query_state.get_trace_state(),
                                                                                                                                permit = query_state.get_permit()] (utils::chunked_vector<mutation> ms) mutable {
-        return execute_without_conditions(qp, std::move(ms), cl, timeout, std::move(tr_state), std::move(permit));
-    }).then([guardrail_state, cl] (coordinator_result<> res) {
+        return execute_without_conditions(qp, std::move(ms), options.get_consistency(), timeout, std::move(tr_state), std::move(permit));
+    }).then([] (coordinator_result<> res) {
         if (!res) {
             return make_ready_future<shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message>>(
                     seastar::make_shared<cql_transport::messages::result_message::exception>(std::move(res).assume_error()));
         }
-        auto result = make_shared<cql_transport::messages::result_message::void_message>();
-        if (guardrail_state == query_processor::write_consistency_guardrail_state::WARN) {
-            result->add_warning(format("Write with consistency level {} is warned by guardrail configuration", cl));
-        }
-        return make_ready_future<shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message>>(std::move(result));
+        return make_ready_future<shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message>>(
+                make_shared<cql_transport::messages::result_message::void_message>());
     });
 }
 

cql3/statements/broadcast_modification_statement.cc

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include "cql3/attributes.hh"
 #include "cql3/expr/expression.hh"
 #include "cql3/expr/evaluate.hh"
-#include "cql3/query_options.hh"
 #include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
 #include "cql3/values.hh"
 #include "timeout_config.hh"
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ evaluate_prepared(
 future<::shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message>>
 broadcast_modification_statement::execute_without_checking_exception_message(query_processor& qp, service::query_state& qs, const query_options& options, std::optional<service::group0_guard> guard) const {
     if (this_shard_id() != 0) {
-        co_return qp.bounce_to_shard(0, cql3::computed_function_values{}, false);
+        co_return ::make_shared<cql_transport::messages::result_message::bounce_to_shard>(0, cql3::computed_function_values{});
     }
 
     auto result = co_await qp.execute_broadcast_table_query(

cql3/statements/broadcast_select_statement.cc

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ evaluate_prepared(
 future<::shared_ptr<cql_transport::messages::result_message>>
 broadcast_select_statement::execute_without_checking_exception_message(query_processor& qp, service::query_state& qs, const query_options& options, std::optional<service::group0_guard> guard) const {
     if (this_shard_id() != 0) {
-        co_return qp.bounce_to_shard(0, cql3::computed_function_values{}, false);
+        co_return ::make_shared<cql_transport::messages::result_message::bounce_to_shard>(0, cql3::computed_function_values{});
     }
 
     auto result = co_await qp.execute_broadcast_table_query(

cql3/statements/cas_request.hh

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public:
           , _key(std::move(key_arg))
           , _rows(schema_arg)
     {
-        throwing_assert(_key.size() == 1 && query::is_single_partition(_key.front()));
+        SCYLLA_ASSERT(_key.size() == 1 && query::is_single_partition(_key.front()));
     }
 
     dht::partition_range_vector key() const {

cql3/statements/cf_statement.cc

@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ void cf_statement::prepare_keyspace(std::string_view keyspace)
 }
 
 bool cf_statement::has_keyspace() const {
-    throwing_assert(_cf_name.has_value());
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(_cf_name.has_value());
     return _cf_name->has_keyspace();
 }
 
 const sstring& cf_statement::keyspace() const
 {
-    throwing_assert(_cf_name->has_keyspace()); // "The statement hasn't be prepared correctly";
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(_cf_name->has_keyspace()); // "The statement hasn't be prepared correctly";
     return _cf_name->get_keyspace();
 }
 

cql3/statements/create_table_statement.cc

@@ -30,9 +30,6 @@
 #include "service/storage_proxy.hh"
 #include "db/config.hh"
 #include "compaction/time_window_compaction_strategy.hh"
-#include "db/tags/extension.hh"
-#include "db/tags/utils.hh"
-#include "alternator/ttl_tag.hh"
 
 namespace cql3 {
 
@@ -44,12 +41,10 @@ create_table_statement::create_table_statement(cf_name name,
                                                ::shared_ptr<cf_prop_defs> properties,
                                                bool if_not_exists,
                                                column_set_type static_columns,
-                                               ::shared_ptr<column_identifier> ttl_column,
                                                const std::optional<table_id>& id)
     : schema_altering_statement{name}
     , _use_compact_storage(false)
     , _static_columns{static_columns}
-    , _ttl_column{ttl_column}
     , _properties{properties}
     , _if_not_exists{if_not_exists}
     , _id(id)
@@ -128,18 +123,11 @@ void create_table_statement::apply_properties_to(schema_builder& builder, const
 #endif
 
     _properties->apply_to_builder(builder, _properties->make_schema_extensions(db.extensions()), db, keyspace(), true);
-    // Remembering which column was designated as the TTL column for row-based
-    // TTL column is done using a "tag" extension. If there is no TTL column,
-    // we don't need this extension at all.
-    if (_ttl_column) {
-        std::map<sstring, sstring> tags_map = {{TTL_TAG_KEY, _ttl_column->text()}};
-        builder.add_extension(db::tags_extension::NAME, ::make_shared<db::tags_extension>(std::move(tags_map)));
-    }
 }
 
 void create_table_statement::add_column_metadata_from_aliases(schema_builder& builder, std::vector<bytes> aliases, const std::vector<data_type>& types, column_kind kind) const
 {
-    throwing_assert(aliases.size() == types.size());
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(aliases.size() == types.size());
     for (size_t i = 0; i < aliases.size(); i++) {
         if (!aliases[i].empty()) {
             builder.with_column(aliases[i], types[i], kind);
@@ -151,7 +139,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<prepared_statement>
 create_table_statement::prepare(data_dictionary::database db, cql_stats& stats) {
     // Cannot happen; create_table_statement is never instantiated as a raw statement
     // (instead we instantiate create_table_statement::raw_statement)
-    throwing_assert(0 && "create_table_statement::prepare");
+    abort();
 }
 
 future<> create_table_statement::grant_permissions_to_creator(const service::client_state& cs, service::group0_batch& mc) const {
@@ -210,7 +198,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<prepared_statement> create_table_statement::raw_statement::prepa
     }
     const bool has_default_ttl = _properties.properties()->get_default_time_to_live() > 0;
 
-    auto stmt = ::make_shared<create_table_statement>(*_cf_name, _properties.properties(), _if_not_exists, _static_columns, _ttl_column, _properties.properties()->get_id());
+    auto stmt = ::make_shared<create_table_statement>(*_cf_name, _properties.properties(), _if_not_exists, _static_columns, _properties.properties()->get_id());
 
     bool ks_uses_tablets;
     try {
@@ -239,7 +227,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<prepared_statement> create_table_statement::raw_statement::prepa
                 for (auto&& inner: type->all_types()) {
                     if (inner->is_multi_cell()) {
                         // a nested non-frozen UDT should have already been rejected when defining the type
-                        throwing_assert(inner->is_collection());
+                        SCYLLA_ASSERT(inner->is_collection());
                         throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("Non-frozen UDTs with nested non-frozen collections are not supported");
                     }
                 }
@@ -415,27 +403,6 @@ std::unique_ptr<prepared_statement> create_table_statement::raw_statement::prepa
         }
     }
 
-    // If a TTL column is defined, it must be a regular column - not a static
-    // column or part of the primary key.
-    if (_ttl_column) {
-        if (!db.features().cql_row_ttl) {
-            throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception("The CQL per-row TTL feature is not yet supported by this cluster. Upgrade all nodes to use it.");
-        }
-        for (const auto& alias : key_aliases) {
-            if (alias->text() == _ttl_column->text()) {
-                throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(format("TTL column {} cannot be part of the PRIMARY KEY", alias->text()));
-            }
-        }
-        for (const auto& alias : _column_aliases) {
-            if (alias->text() == _ttl_column->text()) {
-                throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(format("TTL column {} cannot be part of the PRIMARY KEY", alias->text()));
-            }
-        }
-        if (_static_columns.contains(_ttl_column)) {
-            throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(format("TTL column {} cannot be a static column", _ttl_column->text()));
-        }
-    }
-
     return std::make_unique<prepared_statement>(audit_info(), stmt, std::move(stmt_warnings));
 }
 
@@ -458,23 +425,12 @@ data_type create_table_statement::raw_statement::get_type_and_remove(column_map_
     return _properties.get_reversable_type(*t, type);
 }
 
-void create_table_statement::raw_statement::add_definition(::shared_ptr<column_identifier> def, ::shared_ptr<cql3_type::raw> type, bool is_static, bool is_ttl) {
+void create_table_statement::raw_statement::add_definition(::shared_ptr<column_identifier> def, ::shared_ptr<cql3_type::raw> type, bool is_static) {
     _defined_names.emplace(def);
     _definitions.emplace(def, type);
     if (is_static) {
         _static_columns.emplace(def);
     }
-    if (is_ttl) {
-        if (_ttl_column) {
-            throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(fmt::format("Cannot have more than one TTL column in a table. Saw {} and {}", _ttl_column->text(), def->text()));
-        }
-        // FIXME: find a way to check cql3_type::raw without fmt::format
-        auto type_name = fmt::format("{}", type);
-        if (type_name != "timestamp" && type_name != "bigint" && type_name != "int") {
-            throw exceptions::invalid_request_exception(fmt::format("TTL column '{}' must be of type timestamp, bigint or int, can't be {}", def->text(), type_name));
-        }
-        _ttl_column = def;
-    }
 }
 
 void create_table_statement::raw_statement::add_key_aliases(const std::vector<::shared_ptr<column_identifier>> aliases) {

cql3/statements/create_table_statement.hh

@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ class create_table_statement : public schema_altering_statement {
                            shared_ptr_equal_by_value<column_identifier>>;
     column_map_type _columns;
     column_set_type _static_columns;
-    ::shared_ptr<column_identifier> _ttl_column; // for row-based TTL
     const ::shared_ptr<cf_prop_defs> _properties;
     const bool _if_not_exists;
     std::optional<table_id> _id;
@@ -66,7 +65,6 @@ public:
                            ::shared_ptr<cf_prop_defs> properties,
                            bool if_not_exists,
                            column_set_type static_columns,
-                           ::shared_ptr<column_identifier> ttl_column,
                            const std::optional<table_id>& id);
 
     virtual future<> check_access(query_processor& qp, const service::client_state& state) const override;
@@ -102,7 +100,6 @@ private:
     std::vector<std::vector<::shared_ptr<column_identifier>>> _key_aliases;
     std::vector<::shared_ptr<column_identifier>> _column_aliases;
     create_table_statement::column_set_type _static_columns;
-    ::shared_ptr<column_identifier> _ttl_column; // for row-based TTL
 
     std::multiset<::shared_ptr<column_identifier>,
             indirect_less<::shared_ptr<column_identifier>, column_identifier::text_comparator>> _defined_names;
@@ -119,7 +116,7 @@ public:
 
     data_type get_type_and_remove(column_map_type& columns, ::shared_ptr<column_identifier> t);
 
-    void add_definition(::shared_ptr<column_identifier> def, ::shared_ptr<cql3_type::raw> type, bool is_static, bool is_ttl);
+    void add_definition(::shared_ptr<column_identifier> def, ::shared_ptr<cql3_type::raw> type, bool is_static);
 
     void add_key_aliases(const std::vector<::shared_ptr<column_identifier>> aliases);