seaweedfs/weed/shell/command_volume_merge.go

package shell

import (
	"bytes"
	"container/heap"
	"context"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/glog"
	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/operation"
	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/pb"
	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/pb/master_pb"
	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/pb/volume_server_pb"
	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/storage/needle"
	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/storage/super_block"
	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/storage/types"
	"google.golang.org/grpc"
)

// mergeIdleTimeoutSeconds is the timeout for idle streams during needle tailing.
// This ensures that slow or stalled streams don't block the merge indefinitely.
// Set to 5 seconds to handle network congestion and avoid premature stream termination.
// Can be made configurable in the future if needed for different deployment scenarios.
const mergeIdleTimeoutSeconds = 5

// mergeDeduplicationWindowNs defines the time window for deduplication across replicas.
// Since the same needle ID can have different timestamps on different servers due to
// clock skew and replication lag, we deduplicate needles with the same ID within this window.
// Set to 5 seconds in nanoseconds to handle typical server clock differences.
const mergeDeduplicationWindowNs = 5 * time.Second

func init() {
	Commands = append(Commands, &commandVolumeMerge{})
}

type commandVolumeMerge struct{}

func (c *commandVolumeMerge) Name() string {
	return "volume.merge"
}

func (c *commandVolumeMerge) Help() string {
	return `merge replicas for a volume id in timestamp order into a fresh copy

	volume.merge -volumeId <volume id>

This command:
	1) marks the volume readonly on replicas (if not already)
	2) allocates a temporary copy on a third location
	3) merges replicas in append timestamp order, skipping duplicates
	4) verifies the merged copy is not short before touching the replicas
	5) replaces the original replicas with the merged volume
	6) restores writable state if it was writable before
`
}

func (c *commandVolumeMerge) HasTag(CommandTag) bool {
	return false
}

func (c *commandVolumeMerge) Do(args []string, commandEnv *CommandEnv, writer io.Writer) (err error) {
	mergeCommand := flag.NewFlagSet(c.Name(), flag.ContinueOnError)
	volumeIdInt := mergeCommand.Int("volumeId", 0, "the volume id")
	targetNodeStr := mergeCommand.String("target", "", "optional target volume server <host>:<port> for temporary merge output")
	noLock := mergeCommand.Bool("noLock", false, "do not lock the admin shell at one's own risk")
	if err = mergeCommand.Parse(args); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if *volumeIdInt == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("volumeId is required")
	}

	if *noLock {
		commandEnv.noLock = true
	} else if err = commandEnv.confirmIsLocked(args); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	volumeId := needle.VolumeId(*volumeIdInt)

	topologyInfo, _, err := collectTopologyInfo(commandEnv, 0)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	volumeReplicas, allLocations := collectVolumeReplicaLocations(topologyInfo)
	replicas := volumeReplicas[uint32(volumeId)]
	if len(replicas) < 2 {
		return fmt.Errorf("volume %d has %d replica(s); merge requires at least two", volumeId, len(replicas))
	}

	volumeInfo := replicas[0].info
	replicaPlacement, err := super_block.NewReplicaPlacementFromByte(byte(volumeInfo.ReplicaPlacement))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("parse replica placement for volume %d: %w", volumeId, err)
	}

	var targetServer pb.ServerAddress
	if *targetNodeStr != "" {
		targetServer = pb.ServerAddress(*targetNodeStr)
		if isReplicaServer(targetServer, replicas) {
			return fmt.Errorf("target %s already hosts volume %d", *targetNodeStr, volumeId)
		}
		if err = allocateMergeVolume(commandEnv.option.GrpcDialOption, targetServer, volumeInfo, replicaPlacement); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	} else {
		targetServer, err = allocateMergeVolumeOnThirdLocation(commandEnv.option.GrpcDialOption, allLocations, replicas, volumeInfo, replicaPlacement)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	cleanupTarget := true
	defer func() {
		if !cleanupTarget {
			return
		}
		if delErr := deleteVolume(context.Background(), commandEnv.option.GrpcDialOption, volumeId, targetServer, false, false); delErr != nil {
			glog.Warningf("failed to clean up temporary merge volume %d on %s: %v", volumeId, targetServer, delErr)
		}
	}()

	writableReplicaIndices, err := ensureVolumeReadonly(commandEnv, replicas)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if len(writableReplicaIndices) > 0 {
		defer func() {
			// Only restore writable state for replicas that were originally writable
			writableReplicas := make([]*VolumeReplica, 0, len(writableReplicaIndices))
			for _, idx := range writableReplicaIndices {
				writableReplicas = append(writableReplicas, replicas[idx])
			}
			if restoreErr := markReplicasWritable(commandEnv.option.GrpcDialOption, writableReplicas, true, false); restoreErr != nil {
				glog.Warningf("failed to restore writable state for volume %d: %v", volumeId, restoreErr)
			}
		}()
	}

	done := make(chan struct{})
	defer close(done)

	sources := make([]needleStream, 0, len(replicas))
	for _, replica := range replicas {
		server := pb.NewServerAddressFromDataNode(replica.location.dataNode)
		sources = append(sources, startTailNeedleStream(commandEnv.option.GrpcDialOption, volumeId, server, done))
	}

	mergeErr := operation.WithVolumeServerClient(false, targetServer, commandEnv.option.GrpcDialOption, func(client volume_server_pb.VolumeServerClient) error {
		version := needle.Version(volumeInfo.Version)
		if version == 0 {
			version = needle.GetCurrentVersion()
		}
		return mergeNeedleStreams(sources, func(streamIndex int, n *needle.Needle) error {
			blob, size, err := needleBlobFromNeedle(n, version)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			_, err = client.WriteNeedleBlob(context.Background(), &volume_server_pb.WriteNeedleBlobRequest{
				VolumeId:   uint32(volumeId),
				NeedleId:   uint64(n.Id),
				Size:       int32(size),
				NeedleBlob: blob,
			})
			return err
		})
	})
	if mergeErr != nil {
		return mergeErr
	}

	// Verify the merged copy before overwriting any replica. A short or empty
	// merge stamped over every replica at once is unrecoverable; on failure the
	// originals are left intact and the bad merged copy is cleaned up.
	if err = verifyMergedVolume(commandEnv.option.GrpcDialOption, volumeId, targetServer, replicas); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// The merged copy is now the only authoritative copy. Keep it until every
	// replica is rebuilt from it so a mid-loop failure can still be finished.
	cleanupTarget = false

	for i, replica := range replicas {
		sourceServer := pb.NewServerAddressFromDataNode(replica.location.dataNode)
		if _, err = copyVolume(context.Background(), commandEnv.option.GrpcDialOption, writer, volumeId, targetServer, sourceServer, "", 0, false); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("rebuild replica %d/%d on %s from merged volume %d: %w; merged copy kept on %s, re-run to finish", i+1, len(replicas), sourceServer, volumeId, err, targetServer)
		}
	}

	if err = deleteVolume(context.Background(), commandEnv.option.GrpcDialOption, volumeId, targetServer, false, false); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(writer, "merged volume %d from %d replicas via %s\n", volumeId, len(replicas), targetServer)
	return nil
}

type needleStream interface {
	Next() (*needle.Needle, bool)
	Err() error
}

type tailNeedleStream struct {
	ch    <-chan *needle.Needle
	errMu sync.Mutex
	err   error
}

func (s *tailNeedleStream) Next() (*needle.Needle, bool) {
	n, ok := <-s.ch
	return n, ok
}

func (s *tailNeedleStream) Err() error {
	s.errMu.Lock()
	defer s.errMu.Unlock()
	return s.err
}

func (s *tailNeedleStream) setErr(err error) {
	s.errMu.Lock()
	s.err = err
	s.errMu.Unlock()
}

func startTailNeedleStream(grpcDialOption grpc.DialOption, volumeId needle.VolumeId, server pb.ServerAddress, done <-chan struct{}) *tailNeedleStream {
	ch := make(chan *needle.Needle, 32)
	stream := &tailNeedleStream{ch: ch}
	go func() {
		err := operation.TailVolumeFromSource(server, grpcDialOption, volumeId, 0, mergeIdleTimeoutSeconds, func(n *needle.Needle) error {
			select {
			case ch <- n:
			case <-done:
				return fmt.Errorf("merge cancelled")
			}
			return nil
		})
		close(ch)
		stream.setErr(err)
	}()
	return stream
}

type needleMergeItem struct {
	streamIndex int
	needle      *needle.Needle
	timestamp   uint64
}

type needleMergeHeap []needleMergeItem

func (h needleMergeHeap) Len() int { return len(h) }
func (h needleMergeHeap) Less(i, j int) bool {
	if h[i].timestamp == h[j].timestamp {
		return h[i].needle.Id < h[j].needle.Id
	}
	return h[i].timestamp < h[j].timestamp
}
func (h needleMergeHeap) Swap(i, j int) { h[i], h[j] = h[j], h[i] }
func (h *needleMergeHeap) Push(x any) {
	*h = append(*h, x.(needleMergeItem))
}
func (h *needleMergeHeap) Pop() any {
	old := *h
	n := len(old)
	item := old[n-1]
	*h = old[:n-1]
	return item
}

func mergeNeedleStreams(streams []needleStream, consume func(int, *needle.Needle) error) error {
	h := &needleMergeHeap{}
	heap.Init(h)

	for i, stream := range streams {
		if n, ok := stream.Next(); ok {
			heap.Push(h, needleMergeItem{streamIndex: i, needle: n, timestamp: needleTimestamp(n)})
		}
	}

	// Track seen needle IDs (by stream) within a time window to skip cross-stream duplicates only.
	// Needles with the same ID from different streams within mergeDeduplicationWindowNs are considered
	// cross-stream duplicates and skipped. Same-stream duplicates (overwrites) are kept.
	// Map: needleId -> streamIndex that first processed it in this window
	seenAtTimestamp := make(map[types.NeedleId]int)
	var windowStartTimestamp uint64
	windowInitialized := false

	for h.Len() > 0 {
		item := heap.Pop(h).(needleMergeItem)
		ts := item.timestamp
		n := item.needle

		// Initialize window on first timestamp, or move to new window when outside current window
		if !windowInitialized {
			windowStartTimestamp = ts
			windowInitialized = true
		} else if ts > windowStartTimestamp+uint64(mergeDeduplicationWindowNs) {
			// Moving to a new window: clear the watermark to reduce memory usage.
			// This is safe because we only skip duplicates within the same time window.
			seenAtTimestamp = make(map[types.NeedleId]int)
			windowStartTimestamp = ts
		}

		// Skip cross-stream duplicates: if we've already seen this needle ID from a DIFFERENT stream
		// within this time window, skip it. Same-stream duplicates (overwrites) are kept.
		if seenStreamIdx, exists := seenAtTimestamp[n.Id]; exists && seenStreamIdx != item.streamIndex {
			// Cross-stream duplicate from different stream - skip this occurrence
			if nextN, ok := streams[item.streamIndex].Next(); ok {
				heap.Push(h, needleMergeItem{streamIndex: item.streamIndex, needle: nextN, timestamp: needleTimestamp(nextN)})
			}
			continue
		}

		// Record this stream's occurrence of this needle ID in this window
		// (overwrite if from same stream, since we process in timestamp order)
		seenAtTimestamp[n.Id] = item.streamIndex
		if err := consume(item.streamIndex, n); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if nextN, ok := streams[item.streamIndex].Next(); ok {
			heap.Push(h, needleMergeItem{streamIndex: item.streamIndex, needle: nextN, timestamp: needleTimestamp(nextN)})
		}
	}

	for _, stream := range streams {
		if err := stream.Err(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func needleTimestamp(n *needle.Needle) uint64 {
	if n.AppendAtNs != 0 {
		return n.AppendAtNs
	}
	if n.LastModified != 0 {
		return uint64(time.Unix(int64(n.LastModified), 0).UnixNano())
	}
	return 0
}

// memoryBackendFile implements backend.BackendStorageFile using an in-memory buffer
type memoryBackendFile struct {
	buf *bytes.Buffer
}

func (m *memoryBackendFile) ReadAt(p []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
	data := m.buf.Bytes()
	if off >= int64(len(data)) {
		return 0, io.EOF
	}
	n = copy(p, data[off:])
	if off+int64(n) < int64(len(data)) {
		return n, nil
	}
	return n, io.EOF
}

func (m *memoryBackendFile) WriteAt(p []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
	data := m.buf.Bytes()
	if off > int64(len(data)) {
		// Pad with zeros
		m.buf.Write(make([]byte, off-int64(len(data))))
		// Refresh data snapshot after padding to see the padded length
		data = m.buf.Bytes()
	}
	if off == int64(len(data)) {
		return m.buf.Write(p)
	}
	// Overwrite existing data: preserve any trailing bytes beyond the write range
	newLen := off + int64(len(p))
	if newLen < int64(len(data)) {
		newLen = int64(len(data))
	}
	newData := make([]byte, newLen)
	copy(newData, data)
	copy(newData[off:], p)
	m.buf = bytes.NewBuffer(newData)
	return len(p), nil
}

func (m *memoryBackendFile) Truncate(off int64) error {
	data := m.buf.Bytes()
	if off > int64(len(data)) {
		m.buf.Write(make([]byte, off-int64(len(data))))
	} else {
		m.buf = bytes.NewBuffer(data[:off])
	}
	return nil
}

func (m *memoryBackendFile) Close() error {
	return nil
}

func (m *memoryBackendFile) GetStat() (datSize int64, modTime time.Time, err error) {
	return int64(m.buf.Len()), time.Now(), nil
}

func (m *memoryBackendFile) Name() string {
	return "memory"
}

func (m *memoryBackendFile) Sync() error {
	return nil
}

func newMemoryBackendFile() *memoryBackendFile {
	return &memoryBackendFile{
		buf: &bytes.Buffer{},
	}
}

func needleBlobFromNeedle(n *needle.Needle, version needle.Version) ([]byte, types.Size, error) {
	// Use in-memory buffer for serialization to avoid expensive temporary file I/O
	memFile := newMemoryBackendFile()
	defer memFile.Close()

	// Append reports Size(n.DataSize); the .dat header and the needle map both use
	// n.Size, which Append fills in as it serializes.
	_, _, actualSize, err := n.Append(memFile, version)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, 0, err
	}

	buf := make([]byte, actualSize)
	read, err := memFile.ReadAt(buf, 0)
	if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
		return nil, 0, err
	}
	return buf[:read], n.Size, nil
}

func allocateMergeVolumeOnThirdLocation(grpcDialOption grpc.DialOption, allLocations []location, replicas []*VolumeReplica, info *master_pb.VolumeInformationMessage, replicaPlacement *super_block.ReplicaPlacement) (pb.ServerAddress, error) {
	replicaNodes := map[string]struct{}{}
	for _, replica := range replicas {
		replicaNodes[replica.location.dataNode.Id] = struct{}{}
	}

	for _, loc := range allLocations {
		if _, exists := replicaNodes[loc.dataNode.Id]; exists {
			continue
		}
		if !locationHasDiskType(loc, info.DiskType) {
			continue
		}
		server := pb.NewServerAddressFromDataNode(loc.dataNode)
		if err := allocateMergeVolume(grpcDialOption, server, info, replicaPlacement); err != nil {
			glog.V(1).Infof("failed to allocate merge volume on %s with replication %s: %v", server, replicaPlacement.String(), err)
			continue
		}
		return server, nil
	}

	return "", fmt.Errorf("no third location available to merge volume %d", info.Id)
}

func allocateMergeVolume(grpcDialOption grpc.DialOption, server pb.ServerAddress, info *master_pb.VolumeInformationMessage, replicaPlacement *super_block.ReplicaPlacement) error {
	return operation.WithVolumeServerClient(false, server, grpcDialOption, func(client volume_server_pb.VolumeServerClient) error {
		_, err := client.AllocateVolume(context.Background(), &volume_server_pb.AllocateVolumeRequest{
			VolumeId:    info.Id,
			Collection:  info.Collection,
			Preallocate: 0,
			Replication: replicaPlacement.String(),
			Ttl:         needle.LoadTTLFromUint32(info.Ttl).String(),
			DiskType:    info.DiskType,
			Version:     info.Version,
		})
		return err
	})
}

// ensureVolumeReadonly marks all replicas as readonly and returns the indices of replicas that were writable
func ensureVolumeReadonly(commandEnv *CommandEnv, replicas []*VolumeReplica) ([]int, error) {
	var writableReplicaIndices []int
	for i, replica := range replicas {
		server := pb.NewServerAddressFromDataNode(replica.location.dataNode)
		status, err := readVolumeStatus(commandEnv.option.GrpcDialOption, server, needle.VolumeId(replica.info.Id))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if !status.IsReadOnly {
			writableReplicaIndices = append(writableReplicaIndices, i)
		}
	}
	if len(writableReplicaIndices) > 0 {
		if err := markReplicasWritable(commandEnv.option.GrpcDialOption, replicas, false, false); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return writableReplicaIndices, nil
}

// verifyMergedVolume checks the freshly merged copy is at least as complete as the
// most complete source replica before the originals are overwritten.
func verifyMergedVolume(grpcDialOption grpc.DialOption, volumeId needle.VolumeId, targetServer pb.ServerAddress, replicas []*VolumeReplica) error {
	merged, err := readVolumeStatus(grpcDialOption, targetServer, volumeId)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read merged volume %d on %s: %w", volumeId, targetServer, err)
	}
	replicaLive := make(map[pb.ServerAddress]uint64, len(replicas))
	for _, replica := range replicas {
		server := pb.NewServerAddressFromDataNode(replica.location.dataNode)
		status, err := readVolumeStatus(grpcDialOption, server, volumeId)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("read replica volume %d on %s: %w", volumeId, server, err)
		}
		replicaLive[server] = liveNeedleCount(status)
	}
	return evaluateMergedVolume(volumeId, liveNeedleCount(merged), replicaLive)
}

// evaluateMergedVolume reports why a merged copy with mergedLive live needles is
// unsafe to overwrite replicas whose live counts are replicaLive. The merge is the
// union of every replica's needles, so the merged copy must be non-empty and hold
// at least as many live needles as the most complete replica.
func evaluateMergedVolume(volumeId needle.VolumeId, mergedLive uint64, replicaLive map[pb.ServerAddress]uint64) error {
	if mergedLive == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("merged volume %d is empty; keeping original replicas", volumeId)
	}
	var maxLive uint64
	var maxFrom pb.ServerAddress
	for server, live := range replicaLive {
		if live > maxLive {
			maxLive, maxFrom = live, server
		}
	}
	if mergedLive < maxLive {
		return fmt.Errorf("merged volume %d has %d live needles, fewer than replica %s with %d; refusing to overwrite replicas", volumeId, mergedLive, maxFrom, maxLive)
	}
	return nil
}

func liveNeedleCount(status *volume_server_pb.VolumeStatusResponse) uint64 {
	if status == nil || status.FileCount < status.FileDeletedCount {
		return 0
	}
	return status.FileCount - status.FileDeletedCount
}

func readVolumeStatus(grpcDialOption grpc.DialOption, server pb.ServerAddress, volumeId needle.VolumeId) (*volume_server_pb.VolumeStatusResponse, error) {
	var resp *volume_server_pb.VolumeStatusResponse
	err := operation.WithVolumeServerClient(false, server, grpcDialOption, func(client volume_server_pb.VolumeServerClient) error {
		r, statusErr := client.VolumeStatus(context.Background(), &volume_server_pb.VolumeStatusRequest{VolumeId: uint32(volumeId)})
		if statusErr != nil {
			return statusErr
		}
		resp = r
		return nil
	})
	if err == nil && resp == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("empty volume status response from %s", server)
	}
	return resp, err
}

func isReplicaServer(target pb.ServerAddress, replicas []*VolumeReplica) bool {
	for _, replica := range replicas {
		if pb.NewServerAddressFromDataNode(replica.location.dataNode).Equals(target) {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

func locationHasDiskType(loc location, diskType string) bool {
	for _, diskInfo := range loc.dataNode.DiskInfos {
		if diskInfo.Type == diskType {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

func markReplicasWritable(grpcDialOption grpc.DialOption, replicas []*VolumeReplica, writable bool, persist bool) error {
	for _, replica := range replicas {
		server := pb.NewServerAddressFromDataNode(replica.location.dataNode)
		err := operation.WithVolumeServerClient(false, server, grpcDialOption, func(client volume_server_pb.VolumeServerClient) error {
			if writable {
				_, err := client.VolumeMarkWritable(context.Background(), &volume_server_pb.VolumeMarkWritableRequest{VolumeId: replica.info.Id})
				return err
			}
			_, err := client.VolumeMarkReadonly(context.Background(), &volume_server_pb.VolumeMarkReadonlyRequest{VolumeId: replica.info.Id, Persist: persist})
			return err
		})
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}