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@@ -10,26 +10,7 @@
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@c Search for comments marked with !! or <<< (or >>>)
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@c <<< CONVENTIONS: this manual refers to "ordinary files" , "directory
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files" (or "directories"), "archive files", "archive members", and
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various I/O devices (which have names and file names).>>>
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@c <<< it's "file name" (not filename) unless we are talking about an
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argument, ie. @var{file-name}. also, you "use" a "file-name argument"
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to "specify" a "file".>>>
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@c <<< @code{tar} is always lower case, in bold. >>>
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@c <<< it's "operations of tar", "options to tar" also, it's " @samp{tar
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--foo}" or "the @samp{--foo} operation". MIB doesn't like using
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operations and options as separate concepts. I disagree --- would be a
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mess to explain otherwise
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@c <<< (don't forget to comment these out in final draft) -ringo
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@c <<< please dont' change this without sending me e-mail. some things
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@c are in progress or waiting to be edited in hardcopy. -ringo
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@c smallbook
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@smallbook
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@iftex
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@c finalout
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@@ -54,9 +35,7 @@ Copyright (C) 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. DRAFT!
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@subtitle DRAFT
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@c subtitle insert month here when ready
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@author Amy Gorin, Michael I. Bushnell, and Jay Fenlason
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@c <<<best to have hack read this over and see if anything is left he
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@c wrote. I don't think so. -ringo>>>>
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@author Michael I. Bushnell and Amy Gorin
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@page
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@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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@@ -97,32 +76,6 @@ version 1.12.
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* Concept Index:: Concept Index
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@end menu
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@node Introduction, Invoking @code{tar}, Top, Top
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@chapter @code{tar}: The GNU Tape Archiver
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You can use @code{tar} to create an @dfn{archive}---a single file
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which contains other files' contents as well as a listing of those
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files' characteristics. You can also use @code{tar} to read, add to,
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or manipulate already existing archives. Because an archive created
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by @code{tar} is capable of preserving file information and directory
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structure, @code{tar} is ideal for performing full and incremental
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backups, as well as for transferring groups of files between disks and
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over networks.
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The name @code{tar} comes from the words ``Tape ARchiver'', but
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@code{tar} can actually process archives wherever they are stored; on
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tapes and disk files, for example. In addition, tar can read archives
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from standard input or write them to standard output. (This is often
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useful if redirected another program with a pipe.)
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@c <<< this menu will conflict with menu above in info mode. -ringo
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@menu
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* Invoking @code{tar}:: How to invoke @code{tar} and specify arguments.
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* Tutorial:: An introduction to @code{tar}.
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* Operations:: What you can use @code{tar} to do.
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* Options:: How to change the way @code{tar} behaves.
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* Problems:: Common problems with @code{tar}.
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@end menu
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@chapter Tutorial Introduction to @code{tar}
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This chapter guides you through some basic examples of @code{tar}
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@@ -184,7 +137,7 @@ However, this manual consistently uses the terminology above in
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referring to files and archive members, to make it easier to learn how
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to use @code{tar}.
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@section Creating Archives
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@section How to Create Archives
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To create a new archive, use @samp{tar --create}. You should generally
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use the @samp{--file} option to specify the name the tar archive will
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@@ -260,7 +213,7 @@ is using a default value for @samp{--file}. You should generally specify a
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@samp{--file} argument whenever you use @code{tar}, rather than relying
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on a default.
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@section Listing Archives
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@section How to List Archives
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Use @samp{tar --list} to print the names of members stored in an
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archive. Use a @samp{--file} option just as with @samp{tar --create} to
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@@ -301,7 +254,7 @@ file names @file{baloons} and @file{./baloons} name the same file,
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member names are compared using a simplistic name comparison, in which
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an exact match is necessary.
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@section Extracting Members from an Archive
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@section How to Extract Members from an Archive
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In order to extract members from an archive, use @samp{tar --extract}.
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Specify the name of the archive with @samp{--file}. To extract specific
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@@ -331,7 +284,7 @@ will extract all the members of the archive.
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If you give the @samp{--verbose} option, then @samp{tar --extract} will
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print the names of the archive members as it extracts them.
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@section Adding Files to Existing Archives
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@section How to Add Files to Existing Archives
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If you want to add files to an existing archive, then don't use
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@samp{tar --create}. That will erase the archive and create a new one
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@@ -352,7 +305,7 @@ complex. @xref{Multiple Members with the Same Name}. If you want to
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replace an archive member, use @samp{tar --delete} first, and then use
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@samp{tar --append}.
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@section Deleting Members from Archives
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@section How to Delete Members from Archives
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You can delete members from an archive using @samp{tar --delete}.
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Specify the name of the archive with @samp{--file}. List the member
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@@ -367,7 +320,7 @@ Archives}).
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The @samp{tar --delete} command only works with archives stored on disk.
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You cannot delete members from an archive stored on a tape.
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@section Directories
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@section How to Archive Directories
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When the names of files or members specify directories, the operation of
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@code{tar} is more complex. Generally, when a directory is named,
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@@ -405,7 +358,7 @@ The command @samp{tar --extract --file=@var{archive-name} .} will not
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extract all the contents of the archive, but only those members whose
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member names begin with @samp{./}.
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@section Shorthand names
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@section Shorthand Names
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Most of the options to @code{tar} come in both long forms and short
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forms. The options described in this tutorial have the following
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@@ -671,7 +624,24 @@ modify the way these names are interpreted, @pxref{Specifying Names to
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@code{tar}}). If you name no members, then @samp{--list} will list the
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names of all the members of the archive.
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To see more th
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To see more than just the names of the members, use the @samp{--verbose}
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option to cause @code{tar} to print out a listing similar to that of
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@samp{ls -l}.
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@section Extracting Archive Members
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Use @samp{--extract} (or @samp{--get}, or @samp{-x}) to extract members
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from an archive. For each member named (or for the entire archive if no
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members are named) on the command line (or with @samp{--files-from}) the
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a file is created with the contents of the archive member. The name of
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the file is the same as the member name.
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The @samp{--same-permissions} (or @samp{--preserve-permissions}, or
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@samp{-p}) options cause @code{tar} to cause the new file to have the
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same permissions, owner, and so forth, as the original file did when it
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was placed in the archive.
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The @samp{--mo
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@chapter Specifying Names to @code{tar}
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