genesis: add support for arbitrary initial height (#5191)

Adds a genesis parameter `initial_height` which specifies the initial block height, as well as ABCI `RequestInitChain.InitialHeight` to pass it to the ABCI application, and `State.InitialHeight` to keep track of the initial height throughout the code. Fixes #2543, based on [RFC-002](https://github.com/tendermint/spec/pull/119). Spec changes in https://github.com/tendermint/spec/pull/135.
2026-04-21 16:20:32 +00:00 · 2020-08-11 19:03:28 +02:00
parent 08ffe13295
commit cc247c091b
28 changed files with 555 additions and 317 deletions
--- a/CHANGELOG_PENDING.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG_PENDING.md
@@ -16,10 +16,13 @@ Friendly reminder, we have a [bug bounty program](https://hackerone.com/tendermi
    - [evidence] [\#5181](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/5181) Phantom validator evidence was removed (also from abci) (@cmwaters)  
    - [merkle] [\#5193](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/5193) `HashFromByteSlices` and `ProofsFromByteSlices` now return a hash for empty inputs, following RFC6962 (@erikgrinaker)
    - [crypto] [\#5214] Change `GenPrivKeySecp256k1` to `GenPrivKeyFromSecret` to be consistent with other keys
+    - [state] [\#5191](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/5191/files) Add `State.InitialHeight` field to record initial block height, must be `1` (not `0`) to start from 1 (@erikgrinaker)

 ### FEATURES:

 - [abci] [\#5174](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/5174) Add amnesia evidence and remove mock and potential amnesia evidence from abci (@cmwaters)
+- [abci] [\#5191](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/5191/files) Add `InitChain.InitialHeight` field giving the initial block height (@erikgrinaker)
+- [genesis] [\#5191](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/5191/files) Add `initial_height` field to specify the initial chain height (defaults to `1`) (@erikgrinaker)

 ### IMPROVEMENTS:

--- a/UPGRADING.md
+++ b/UPGRADING.md
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ if you want to learn more & support it (with cosmos-sdk you get it
 `KV.Pair` has been replaced with `abci.EventAttribute`. `EventAttribute.Index`
 field allows ABCI applications to dictate which events should be indexed.

+The blockchain can now start from an arbitrary initial height, provided to the
+application via `RequestInitChain.InitialHeight`.
+
 ### P2P Protocol

 The default codec is now proto3, not amino. Check out the [TODO]() for
@@ -137,6 +140,12 @@ functions) and `Client` object, which represents the complete light client.
 RPC client can be found in `/rpc` directory. HTTP(S) proxy is located in
 `/proxy` directory.

+### State
+
+A field `State.InitialHeight` has been added to record the initial chain height, which must be `1`
+(not `0`) if starting from height `1`. This can be configured via the genesis field 
+`initial_height`.
+
 ## v0.33.4

 ### Go API
--- a/abci/types/types.pb.go
+++ b/abci/types/types.pb.go
@@ -585,6 +585,7 @@ type RequestInitChain struct {
 	ConsensusParams *ConsensusParams  `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=consensus_params,json=consensusParams,proto3" json:"consensus_params,omitempty"`
 	Validators      []ValidatorUpdate `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=validators,proto3" json:"validators"`
 	AppStateBytes   []byte            `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=app_state_bytes,json=appStateBytes,proto3" json:"app_state_bytes,omitempty"`
+	InitialHeight   int64             `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=initial_height,json=initialHeight,proto3" json:"initial_height,omitempty"`
 }

 func (m *RequestInitChain) Reset()         { *m = RequestInitChain{} }
@@ -655,6 +656,13 @@ func (m *RequestInitChain) GetAppStateBytes() []byte {
 	return nil
 }

+func (m *RequestInitChain) GetInitialHeight() int64 {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.InitialHeight
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 type RequestQuery struct {
 	Data   []byte `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=data,proto3" json:"data,omitempty"`
 	Path   string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=path,proto3" json:"path,omitempty"`
@@ -3162,174 +3170,175 @@ func init() {
 func init() { proto.RegisterFile("tendermint/abci/types.proto", fileDescriptor_252557cfdd89a31a) }

 var fileDescriptor_252557cfdd89a31a = []byte{
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+	0x9b, 0x52, 0x6b, 0x36, 0x5a, 0xcd, 0xc6, 0xbd, 0x6a, 0x52, 0x59, 0x7a, 0xfa, 0xd5, 0xe5, 0xbc,
+	0x46, 0x78, 0x03, 0x65, 0xeb, 0x0b, 0x80, 0xca, 0x76, 0xbd, 0xb1, 0xc3, 0x0e, 0x25, 0xb3, 0x83,
+	0x65, 0x5b, 0x29, 0xc3, 0x6b, 0xde, 0x99, 0x17, 0xa5, 0xca, 0xec, 0xae, 0x1a, 0xba, 0x0b, 0x59,
+	0x5e, 0x0e, 0xa3, 0xd9, 0x37, 0xa7, 0xca, 0x9c, 0x36, 0x1b, 0xfb, 0x31, 0x7c, 0xd7, 0xce, 0xbc,
+	0x4a, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x90, 0x06, 0xc5, 0xa0, 0x9e, 0x9d, 0x7f, 0xb5, 0xaa, 0x2c, 0xd0,
+	0x89, 0x63, 0x3e, 0x03, 0xb6, 0x3e, 0xff, 0xaa, 0x51, 0x59, 0x00, 0x57, 0xd0, 0x7d, 0xc8, 0x7b,
+	0x75, 0xd0, 0xbc, 0xcb, 0x4f, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x97, 0x8c, 0x7d, 0x02, 0x51, 0xaf, 0xce, 0xbe, 0xc9,
+	0x55, 0xe6, 0xb4, 0xfc, 0xd0, 0x0e, 0xe4, 0x24, 0x05, 0x9d, 0x73, 0xa1, 0xa9, 0xcc, 0xeb, 0x7a,
+	0xb1, 0xa0, 0x05, 0x8d, 0x80, 0xf9, 0xf7, 0xd3, 0xca, 0x02, 0xdd, 0x4c, 0xf4, 0x00, 0x20, 0x54,
+	0x9d, 0x2e, 0x70, 0xf1, 0xac, 0x2c, 0xd2, 0xa5, 0x44, 0x7b, 0x50, 0xf0, 0xab, 0x90, 0xb9, 0xd7,
+	0xc0, 0xca, 0xfc, 0x76, 0x21, 0x7a, 0x04, 0xa5, 0x28, 0xfd, 0x5e, 0xec, 0x72, 0x57, 0x59, 0xb0,
+	0x0f, 0xc8, 0xfc, 0x47, 0xb9, 0xf8, 0x62, 0x97, 0xbd, 0xca, 0x82, 0x6d, 0x41, 0xf4, 0x29, 0xac,
+	0x4c, 0x72, 0xe5, 0xc5, 0xef, 0x7e, 0x95, 0x33, 0x34, 0x0a, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xd0, 0x14, 0x8e, 0x7d,
+	0x86, 0xab, 0x60, 0xe5, 0x2c, 0x7d, 0xc3, 0x7a, 0xf3, 0xeb, 0xe7, 0x6b, 0xc9, 0x6f, 0x9e, 0xaf,
+	0x25, 0xff, 0xf1, 0x7c, 0x2d, 0xf9, 0xe5, 0x8b, 0xb5, 0xc4, 0x37, 0x2f, 0xd6, 0x12, 0x7f, 0x7b,
+	0xb1, 0x96, 0xf8, 0xe5, 0x1b, 0x5d, 0x93, 0xf6, 0x46, 0xed, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x3d, 0xd8, 0x0c, 0xff,
+	0x4f, 0x65, 0xda, 0x7f, 0x67, 0xda, 0x39, 0x7e, 0xbc, 0xdc, 0xf8, 0x6f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff,
+	0xff, 0x21, 0x92, 0x34, 0xc9, 0x5b, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00,
 }

 // Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
@@ -4413,6 +4422,11 @@ func (m *RequestInitChain) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	_ = i
 	var l int
 	_ = l
+	if m.InitialHeight != 0 {
+		i = encodeVarintTypes(dAtA, i, uint64(m.InitialHeight))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x30
+	}
 	if len(m.AppStateBytes) > 0 {
 		i -= len(m.AppStateBytes)
 		copy(dAtA[i:], m.AppStateBytes)
@@ -6776,6 +6790,9 @@ func (m *RequestInitChain) Size() (n int) {
 	if l > 0 {
 		n += 1 + l + sovTypes(uint64(l))
 	}
+	if m.InitialHeight != 0 {
+		n += 1 + sovTypes(uint64(m.InitialHeight))
+	}
 	return n
 }

@@ -8862,6 +8879,25 @@ func (m *RequestInitChain) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 				m.AppStateBytes = []byte{}
 			}
 			iNdEx = postIndex
+		case 6:
+			if wireType != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field InitialHeight", wireType)
+			}
+			m.InitialHeight = 0
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowTypes
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				m.InitialHeight |= int64(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
 		default:
 			iNdEx = preIndex
 			skippy, err := skipTypes(dAtA[iNdEx:])
--- a/cmd/tendermint/commands/testnet.go
+++ b/cmd/tendermint/commands/testnet.go
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 var (
 	nValidators    int
 	nNonValidators int
+	initialHeight  int64
 	configFile     string
 	outputDir      string
 	nodeDirPrefix  string
@@ -50,6 +51,8 @@ func init() {
 		"Directory to store initialization data for the testnet")
 	TestnetFilesCmd.Flags().StringVar(&nodeDirPrefix, "node-dir-prefix", "node",
 		"Prefix the directory name for each node with (node results in node0, node1, ...)")
+	TestnetFilesCmd.Flags().Int64Var(&initialHeight, "initial-height", 0,
+		"Initial height of the first block")

 	TestnetFilesCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&populatePersistentPeers, "populate-persistent-peers", true,
 		"Update config of each node with the list of persistent peers build using either"+
@@ -175,6 +178,7 @@ func testnetFiles(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		ChainID:         "chain-" + tmrand.Str(6),
 		ConsensusParams: types.DefaultConsensusParams(),
 		GenesisTime:     tmtime.Now(),
+		InitialHeight:   initialHeight,
 		Validators:      genVals,
 	}

--- a/config/toml.go
+++ b/config/toml.go
@@ -476,6 +476,7 @@ func ResetTestRootWithChainID(testName string, chainID string) *Config {
 var testGenesisFmt = `{
  "genesis_time": "2018-10-10T08:20:13.695936996Z",
  "chain_id": "%s",
+  "initial_height": "1",
  "validators": [
    {
      "pub_key": {
--- a/consensus/common_test.go
+++ b/consensus/common_test.go
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ func randState(nValidators int) (*State, []*validatorStub) {
 	return cs, vss
 }

-func randStateWithEvpool(nValidators int) (*State, []*validatorStub, *evidence.Pool) {
+func randStateWithEvpool(t *testing.T, nValidators int) (*State, []*validatorStub, *evidence.Pool) {
 	state, privVals := randGenesisState(nValidators, false, 10)

 	vss := make([]*validatorStub, nValidators)
@@ -451,7 +451,9 @@ func randStateWithEvpool(nValidators int) (*State, []*validatorStub, *evidence.P
 		mempool.EnableTxsAvailable()
 	}
 	stateDB := dbm.NewMemDB()
-	evpool, _ := evidence.NewPool(stateDB, evidenceDB, blockStore)
+	sm.SaveState(stateDB, state)
+	evpool, err := evidence.NewPool(stateDB, evidenceDB, blockStore)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	blockExec := sm.NewBlockExecutor(stateDB, log.TestingLogger(), proxyAppConnCon, mempool, evpool)
 	cs := NewState(config.Consensus, state, blockExec, blockStore, mempool, evpool)
 	cs.SetLogger(log.TestingLogger().With("module", "consensus"))
@@ -821,9 +823,10 @@ func randGenesisDoc(numValidators int, randPower bool, minPower int64) (*types.G
 	sort.Sort(types.PrivValidatorsByAddress(privValidators))

 	return &types.GenesisDoc{
-		GenesisTime: tmtime.Now(),
-		ChainID:     config.ChainID(),
-		Validators:  validators,
+		GenesisTime:   tmtime.Now(),
+		InitialHeight: 1,
+		ChainID:       config.ChainID(),
+		Validators:    validators,
 	}, privValidators
 }

--- a/consensus/reactor.go
+++ b/consensus/reactor.go
@@ -249,6 +249,14 @@ func (conR *Reactor) Receive(chID byte, src p2p.Peer, msgBytes []byte) {
 	case StateChannel:
 		switch msg := msg.(type) {
 		case *NewRoundStepMessage:
+			conR.conS.mtx.Lock()
+			initialHeight := conR.conS.state.InitialHeight
+			conR.conS.mtx.Unlock()
+			if err = msg.ValidateHeight(initialHeight); err != nil {
+				conR.Logger.Error("Peer sent us invalid msg", "peer", src, "msg", msg, "err", err)
+				conR.Switch.StopPeerForError(src, err)
+				return
+			}
 			ps.ApplyNewRoundStepMessage(msg)
 		case *NewValidBlockMessage:
 			ps.ApplyNewValidBlockMessage(msg)
@@ -1435,9 +1443,29 @@ func (m *NewRoundStepMessage) ValidateBasic() error {

 	// NOTE: SecondsSinceStartTime may be negative

-	if (m.Height == 1 && m.LastCommitRound != -1) ||
-		(m.Height > 1 && m.LastCommitRound < 0) {
-		return errors.New("invalid LastCommitRound (for 1st block: -1, for others: >= 0)")
+	// LastCommitRound will be -1 for the initial height, but we don't know what height this is
+	// since it can be specified in genesis. The reactor will have to validate this via
+	// ValidateHeight().
+	if m.LastCommitRound < -1 {
+		return errors.New("invalid LastCommitRound (cannot be < -1)")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ValidateHeight validates the height given the chain's initial height.
+func (m *NewRoundStepMessage) ValidateHeight(initialHeight int64) error {
+	if m.Height < initialHeight {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid Height %v (lower than initial height %v)",
+			m.Height, initialHeight)
+	}
+	if m.Height == initialHeight && m.LastCommitRound != -1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid LastCommitRound %v (must be -1 for initial height %v)",
+			m.LastCommitRound, initialHeight)
+	}
+	if m.Height > initialHeight && m.LastCommitRound < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("LastCommitRound can only be negative for initial height %v", // nolint
+			initialHeight)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/consensus/reactor_test.go
+++ b/consensus/reactor_test.go
@@ -710,8 +710,9 @@ func TestNewRoundStepMessageValidateBasic(t *testing.T) {
 		{true, -1, 0, 0, "Negative round", cstypes.RoundStepNewHeight},
 		{true, 0, 0, -1, "Negative height", cstypes.RoundStepNewHeight},
 		{true, 0, 0, 0, "Invalid Step", cstypes.RoundStepCommit + 1},
-		{true, 0, 0, 1, "H == 1 but LCR != -1 ", cstypes.RoundStepNewHeight},
-		{true, 0, -1, 2, "H > 1 but LCR < 0", cstypes.RoundStepNewHeight},
+		// The following cases will be handled by ValidateHeight
+		{false, 0, 0, 1, "H == 1 but LCR != -1 ", cstypes.RoundStepNewHeight},
+		{false, 0, -1, 2, "H > 1 but LCR < 0", cstypes.RoundStepNewHeight},
 	}

 	for _, tc := range testCases {
@@ -724,7 +725,47 @@ func TestNewRoundStepMessageValidateBasic(t *testing.T) {
 				LastCommitRound: tc.messageLastCommitRound,
 			}

-			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectErr, message.ValidateBasic() != nil, "Validate Basic had an unexpected result")
+			err := message.ValidateBasic()
+			if tc.expectErr {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewRoundStepMessageValidateHeight(t *testing.T) {
+	initialHeight := int64(10)
+	testCases := []struct { // nolint: maligned
+		expectErr              bool
+		messageLastCommitRound int32
+		messageHeight          int64
+		testName               string
+	}{
+		{false, 0, 11, "Valid Message"},
+		{true, 0, -1, "Negative height"},
+		{true, 0, 0, "Zero height"},
+		{true, 0, 10, "Initial height but LCR != -1 "},
+		{true, -1, 11, "Normal height but LCR < 0"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.testName, func(t *testing.T) {
+			message := NewRoundStepMessage{
+				Height:          tc.messageHeight,
+				Round:           0,
+				Step:            cstypes.RoundStepNewHeight,
+				LastCommitRound: tc.messageLastCommitRound,
+			}
+
+			err := message.ValidateHeight(initialHeight)
+			if tc.expectErr {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }
--- a/consensus/replay.go
+++ b/consensus/replay.go
@@ -120,14 +120,21 @@ func (cs *State) catchupReplay(csHeight int64) error {
 	// Search for last height marker.
 	//
 	// Ignore data corruption errors in previous heights because we only care about last height
-	gr, found, err = cs.wal.SearchForEndHeight(csHeight-1, &WALSearchOptions{IgnoreDataCorruptionErrors: true})
+	if csHeight < cs.state.InitialHeight {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot replay height %v, below initial height %v", csHeight, cs.state.InitialHeight)
+	}
+	endHeight := csHeight - 1
+	if csHeight == cs.state.InitialHeight {
+		endHeight = 0
+	}
+	gr, found, err = cs.wal.SearchForEndHeight(endHeight, &WALSearchOptions{IgnoreDataCorruptionErrors: true})
 	if err == io.EOF {
-		cs.Logger.Error("Replay: wal.group.Search returned EOF", "#ENDHEIGHT", csHeight-1)
+		cs.Logger.Error("Replay: wal.group.Search returned EOF", "#ENDHEIGHT", endHeight)
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if !found {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot replay height %d. WAL does not contain #ENDHEIGHT for %d", csHeight, csHeight-1)
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot replay height %d. WAL does not contain #ENDHEIGHT for %d", csHeight, endHeight)
 	}
 	defer gr.Close()

@@ -254,7 +261,7 @@ func (h *Handshaker) Handshake(proxyApp proxy.AppConns) error {
 		"protocol-version", res.AppVersion,
 	)

-	// Only set the version if we're starting from zero.
+	// Only set the version if there is no existing state.
 	if h.initialState.LastBlockHeight == 0 {
 		h.initialState.Version.Consensus.App = res.AppVersion
 	}
@@ -306,6 +313,7 @@ func (h *Handshaker) ReplayBlocks(
 		req := abci.RequestInitChain{
 			Time:            h.genDoc.GenesisTime,
 			ChainId:         h.genDoc.ChainID,
+			InitialHeight:   h.genDoc.InitialHeight,
 			ConsensusParams: csParams,
 			Validators:      nextVals,
 			AppStateBytes:   h.genDoc.AppState,
@@ -353,7 +361,11 @@ func (h *Handshaker) ReplayBlocks(
 		assertAppHashEqualsOneFromState(appHash, state)
 		return appHash, nil

-	case appBlockHeight < storeBlockBase-1:
+	case appBlockHeight == 0 && state.InitialHeight < storeBlockBase:
+		// the app has no state, and the block store is truncated above the initial height
+		return appHash, sm.ErrAppBlockHeightTooLow{AppHeight: appBlockHeight, StoreBase: storeBlockBase}
+
+	case appBlockHeight > 0 && appBlockHeight < storeBlockBase-1:
 		// the app is too far behind truncated store (can be 1 behind since we replay the next)
 		return appHash, sm.ErrAppBlockHeightTooLow{AppHeight: appBlockHeight, StoreBase: storeBlockBase}

@@ -444,7 +456,11 @@ func (h *Handshaker) replayBlocks(
 	if mutateState {
 		finalBlock--
 	}
-	for i := appBlockHeight + 1; i <= finalBlock; i++ {
+	firstBlock := appBlockHeight + 1
+	if firstBlock == 1 {
+		firstBlock = state.InitialHeight
+	}
+	for i := firstBlock; i <= finalBlock; i++ {
 		h.logger.Info("Applying block", "height", i)
 		block := h.store.LoadBlock(i)
 		// Extra check to ensure the app was not changed in a way it shouldn't have.
@@ -452,7 +468,7 @@ func (h *Handshaker) replayBlocks(
 			assertAppHashEqualsOneFromBlock(appHash, block)
 		}

-		appHash, err = sm.ExecCommitBlock(proxyApp.Consensus(), block, h.logger, h.stateDB)
+		appHash, err = sm.ExecCommitBlock(proxyApp.Consensus(), block, h.logger, h.stateDB, h.genDoc.InitialHeight)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
--- a/consensus/replay_test.go
+++ b/consensus/replay_test.go
@@ -153,7 +153,8 @@ LOOP:
 		logger := log.NewNopLogger()
 		blockDB := dbm.NewMemDB()
 		stateDB := blockDB
-		state, _ := sm.MakeGenesisStateFromFile(consensusReplayConfig.GenesisFile())
+		state, err := sm.MakeGenesisStateFromFile(consensusReplayConfig.GenesisFile())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
 		privValidator := loadPrivValidator(consensusReplayConfig)
 		cs := newStateWithConfigAndBlockStore(
 			consensusReplayConfig,
--- a/consensus/state.go
+++ b/consensus/state.go
@@ -555,27 +555,33 @@ func (cs *State) updateToState(state sm.State) {
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("updateToState() expected state height of %v but found %v",
 			cs.Height, state.LastBlockHeight))
 	}
-	if !cs.state.IsEmpty() && cs.state.LastBlockHeight+1 != cs.Height {
-		// This might happen when someone else is mutating cs.state.
-		// Someone forgot to pass in state.Copy() somewhere?!
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Inconsistent cs.state.LastBlockHeight+1 %v vs cs.Height %v",
-			cs.state.LastBlockHeight+1, cs.Height))
-	}
+	if !cs.state.IsEmpty() {
+		if cs.state.LastBlockHeight > 0 && cs.state.LastBlockHeight+1 != cs.Height {
+			// This might happen when someone else is mutating cs.state.
+			// Someone forgot to pass in state.Copy() somewhere?!
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Inconsistent cs.state.LastBlockHeight+1 %v vs cs.Height %v",
+				cs.state.LastBlockHeight+1, cs.Height))
+		}
+		if cs.state.LastBlockHeight > 0 && cs.Height == cs.state.InitialHeight {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Inconsistent cs.state.LastBlockHeight %v, expected 0 for initial height %v",
+				cs.state.LastBlockHeight, cs.state.InitialHeight))
+		}

-	// If state isn't further out than cs.state, just ignore.
-	// This happens when SwitchToConsensus() is called in the reactor.
-	// We don't want to reset e.g. the Votes, but we still want to
-	// signal the new round step, because other services (eg. txNotifier)
-	// depend on having an up-to-date peer state!
-	if !cs.state.IsEmpty() && (state.LastBlockHeight <= cs.state.LastBlockHeight) {
-		cs.Logger.Info(
-			"Ignoring updateToState()",
-			"newHeight",
-			state.LastBlockHeight+1,
-			"oldHeight",
-			cs.state.LastBlockHeight+1)
-		cs.newStep()
-		return
+		// If state isn't further out than cs.state, just ignore.
+		// This happens when SwitchToConsensus() is called in the reactor.
+		// We don't want to reset e.g. the Votes, but we still want to
+		// signal the new round step, because other services (eg. txNotifier)
+		// depend on having an up-to-date peer state!
+		if state.LastBlockHeight <= cs.state.LastBlockHeight {
+			cs.Logger.Info(
+				"Ignoring updateToState()",
+				"newHeight",
+				state.LastBlockHeight+1,
+				"oldHeight",
+				cs.state.LastBlockHeight+1)
+			cs.newStep()
+			return
+		}
 	}

 	// Reset fields based on state.
@@ -595,13 +601,16 @@ func (cs *State) updateToState(state sm.State) {
 	case cs.LastCommit == nil:
 		// NOTE: when Tendermint starts, it has no votes. reconstructLastCommit
 		// must be called to reconstruct LastCommit from SeenCommit.
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("LastCommit cannot be empty in heights > 1 (H:%d)",
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("LastCommit cannot be empty after initial block (H:%d)",
 			state.LastBlockHeight+1,
 		))
 	}

 	// Next desired block height
 	height := state.LastBlockHeight + 1
+	if height == 1 {
+		height = state.InitialHeight
+	}

 	// RoundState fields
 	cs.updateHeight(height)
@@ -933,7 +942,7 @@ func (cs *State) enterNewRound(height int64, round int32) {
 // needProofBlock returns true on the first height (so the genesis app hash is signed right away)
 // and where the last block (height-1) caused the app hash to change
 func (cs *State) needProofBlock(height int64) bool {
-	if height == 1 {
+	if height == cs.state.InitialHeight {
 		return true
 	}

@@ -1090,7 +1099,7 @@ func (cs *State) createProposalBlock() (block *types.Block, blockParts *types.Pa

 	var commit *types.Commit
 	switch {
-	case cs.Height == 1:
+	case cs.Height == cs.state.InitialHeight:
 		// We're creating a proposal for the first block.
 		// The commit is empty, but not nil.
 		commit = types.NewCommit(0, 0, types.BlockID{}, nil)
@@ -1607,7 +1616,7 @@ func (cs *State) recordMetrics(height int64, block *types.Block) {
 	// height=0 -> MissingValidators and MissingValidatorsPower are both 0.
 	// Remember that the first LastCommit is intentionally empty, so it's not
 	// fair to increment missing validators number.
-	if height > 1 {
+	if height > cs.state.InitialHeight {
 		// Sanity check that commit size matches validator set size - only applies
 		// after first block.
 		var (
@@ -1818,7 +1827,7 @@ func (cs *State) tryAddVote(vote *types.Vote, peerID p2p.ID) (bool, error) {
 				return added, err
 			}
 			var timestamp time.Time
-			if voteErr.VoteA.Height == 1 {
+			if voteErr.VoteA.Height == cs.state.InitialHeight {
 				timestamp = cs.state.LastBlockTime // genesis time
 			} else {
 				timestamp = sm.MedianTime(cs.LastCommit.MakeCommit(), cs.LastValidators)
--- a/consensus/state_test.go
+++ b/consensus/state_test.go
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ func TestStateLockPOLRelockThenChangeLock(t *testing.T) {

 // 4 vals, one precommits, other 3 polka at next round, so we unlock and precomit the polka
 func TestStateLockPOLUnlock(t *testing.T) {
-	cs1, vss, evpool := randStateWithEvpool(4)
+	cs1, vss, evpool := randStateWithEvpool(t, 4)
 	vs2, vs3, vs4 := vss[1], vss[2], vss[3]
 	height, round := cs1.Height, cs1.Round

@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ func TestStateLockPOLUnlock(t *testing.T) {
 // v1 should unlock and precommit nil. In the third round another block is proposed, all vals
 // prevote and now v1 can lock onto the third block and precommit that
 func TestStateLockPOLUnlockOnUnknownBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	cs1, vss, evpool := randStateWithEvpool(4)
+	cs1, vss, evpool := randStateWithEvpool(t, 4)
 	vs2, vs3, vs4 := vss[1], vss[2], vss[3]
 	height, round := cs1.Height, cs1.Round

--- a/evidence/pool_test.go
+++ b/evidence/pool_test.go
@@ -491,6 +491,7 @@ func initializeStateFromValidatorSet(valSet *types.ValidatorSet, height int64) d
 	stateDB := dbm.NewMemDB()
 	state := sm.State{
 		ChainID:                     evidenceChainID,
+		InitialHeight:               1,
 		LastBlockHeight:             height,
 		LastBlockTime:               tmtime.Now(),
 		Validators:                  valSet,
--- a/node/node.go
+++ b/node/node.go
@@ -564,7 +564,8 @@ func startStateSync(ssR *statesync.Reactor, bcR fastSyncReactor, conR *cs.Reacto
 	state := sm.LoadState(stateDB)
 	if stateProvider == nil {
 		var err error
-		stateProvider, err = statesync.NewLightClientStateProvider(state.ChainID, state.Version,
+		stateProvider, err = statesync.NewLightClientStateProvider(
+			state.ChainID, state.Version, state.InitialHeight,
 			config.RPCServers, light.TrustOptions{
 				Period: config.TrustPeriod,
 				Height: config.TrustHeight,
--- a/proto/tendermint/abci/types.proto
+++ b/proto/tendermint/abci/types.proto
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ message RequestInitChain {
  ConsensusParams          consensus_params = 3;
  repeated ValidatorUpdate validators       = 4 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
  bytes                    app_state_bytes  = 5;
+  int64                    initial_height   = 6;
 }

 message RequestQuery {
--- a/proto/tendermint/state/types.pb.go
+++ b/proto/tendermint/state/types.pb.go
@@ -254,7 +254,8 @@ func (m *Version) GetSoftware() string {
 type State struct {
 	Version Version `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=version,proto3" json:"version"`
 	// immutable
-	ChainID string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=chain_id,json=chainId,proto3" json:"chain_id,omitempty"`
+	ChainID       string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=chain_id,json=chainId,proto3" json:"chain_id,omitempty"`
+	InitialHeight int64  `protobuf:"varint,14,opt,name=initial_height,json=initialHeight,proto3" json:"initial_height,omitempty"`
 	// LastBlockHeight=0 at genesis (ie. block(H=0) does not exist)
 	LastBlockHeight int64          `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=last_block_height,json=lastBlockHeight,proto3" json:"last_block_height,omitempty"`
 	LastBlockID     types1.BlockID `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=last_block_id,json=lastBlockId,proto3" json:"last_block_id"`
@@ -326,6 +327,13 @@ func (m *State) GetChainID() string {
 	return ""
 }

+func (m *State) GetInitialHeight() int64 {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.InitialHeight
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 func (m *State) GetLastBlockHeight() int64 {
 	if m != nil {
 		return m.LastBlockHeight
@@ -414,54 +422,55 @@ func init() {
 func init() { proto.RegisterFile("tendermint/state/types.proto", fileDescriptor_ccfacf933f22bf93) }

 var fileDescriptor_ccfacf933f22bf93 = []byte{
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+	// 763 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
+	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0xa4, 0x55, 0xcf, 0x6f, 0xd3, 0x30,
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+	0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xa5, 0x17, 0xac, 0x23, 0x2d, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00,
 }

 func (m *ABCIResponses) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
@@ -663,6 +672,11 @@ func (m *State) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	_ = i
 	var l int
 	_ = l
+	if m.InitialHeight != 0 {
+		i = encodeVarintTypes(dAtA, i, uint64(m.InitialHeight))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x70
+	}
 	if len(m.AppHash) > 0 {
 		i -= len(m.AppHash)
 		copy(dAtA[i:], m.AppHash)
@@ -902,6 +916,9 @@ func (m *State) Size() (n int) {
 	if l > 0 {
 		n += 1 + l + sovTypes(uint64(l))
 	}
+	if m.InitialHeight != 0 {
+		n += 1 + sovTypes(uint64(m.InitialHeight))
+	}
 	return n
 }

@@ -1827,6 +1844,25 @@ func (m *State) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 				m.AppHash = []byte{}
 			}
 			iNdEx = postIndex
+		case 14:
+			if wireType != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field InitialHeight", wireType)
+			}
+			m.InitialHeight = 0
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowTypes
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				m.InitialHeight |= int64(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
 		default:
 			iNdEx = preIndex
 			skippy, err := skipTypes(dAtA[iNdEx:])
--- a/proto/tendermint/state/types.proto
+++ b/proto/tendermint/state/types.proto
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ message State {
  Version version = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];

  // immutable
-  string chain_id = 2 [(gogoproto.customname) = "ChainID"];
+  string chain_id       = 2 [(gogoproto.customname) = "ChainID"];
+  int64  initial_height = 14;

  // LastBlockHeight=0 at genesis (ie. block(H=0) does not exist)
  int64                    last_block_height = 3;
--- a/rpc/core/env.go
+++ b/rpc/core/env.go
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func getHeight(latestHeight int64, heightPtr *int64) (int64, error) {
 		}
 		base := env.BlockStore.Base()
 		if height < base {
-			return 0, fmt.Errorf("height %v is not available, blocks pruned at height %v",
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("height %v is not available, lowest height is %v",
 				height, base)
 		}
 		return height, nil
--- a/state/execution.go
+++ b/state/execution.go
@@ -134,7 +134,8 @@ func (blockExec *BlockExecutor) ApplyBlock(
 	}

 	startTime := time.Now().UnixNano()
-	abciResponses, err := execBlockOnProxyApp(blockExec.logger, blockExec.proxyApp, block, blockExec.db)
+	abciResponses, err := execBlockOnProxyApp(blockExec.logger, blockExec.proxyApp, block,
+		blockExec.db, state.InitialHeight)
 	endTime := time.Now().UnixNano()
 	blockExec.metrics.BlockProcessingTime.Observe(float64(endTime-startTime) / 1000000)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -254,6 +255,7 @@ func execBlockOnProxyApp(
 	proxyAppConn proxy.AppConnConsensus,
 	block *types.Block,
 	stateDB dbm.DB,
+	initialHeight int64,
 ) (*tmstate.ABCIResponses, error) {
 	var validTxs, invalidTxs = 0, 0

@@ -281,7 +283,7 @@ func execBlockOnProxyApp(
 	}
 	proxyAppConn.SetResponseCallback(proxyCb)

-	commitInfo, byzVals := getBeginBlockValidatorInfo(block, stateDB)
+	commitInfo, byzVals := getBeginBlockValidatorInfo(block, stateDB, initialHeight)

 	// Begin block
 	var err error
@@ -320,12 +322,13 @@ func execBlockOnProxyApp(
 	return abciResponses, nil
 }

-func getBeginBlockValidatorInfo(block *types.Block, stateDB dbm.DB) (abci.LastCommitInfo, []abci.Evidence) {
+func getBeginBlockValidatorInfo(block *types.Block, stateDB dbm.DB,
+	initialHeight int64) (abci.LastCommitInfo, []abci.Evidence) {
 	voteInfos := make([]abci.VoteInfo, block.LastCommit.Size())
-	// block.Height=1 -> LastCommitInfo.Votes are empty.
+	// Initial block -> LastCommitInfo.Votes are empty.
 	// Remember that the first LastCommit is intentionally empty, so it makes
 	// sense for LastCommitInfo.Votes to also be empty.
-	if block.Height > 1 {
+	if block.Height > initialHeight {
 		lastValSet, err := LoadValidators(stateDB, block.Height-1)
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
@@ -445,6 +448,7 @@ func updateState(
 	return State{
 		Version:                          nextVersion,
 		ChainID:                          state.ChainID,
+		InitialHeight:                    state.InitialHeight,
 		LastBlockHeight:                  header.Height,
 		LastBlockID:                      blockID,
 		LastBlockTime:                    header.Time,
@@ -515,8 +519,9 @@ func ExecCommitBlock(
 	block *types.Block,
 	logger log.Logger,
 	stateDB dbm.DB,
+	initialHeight int64,
 ) ([]byte, error) {
-	_, err := execBlockOnProxyApp(logger, appConnConsensus, block, stateDB)
+	_, err := execBlockOnProxyApp(logger, appConnConsensus, block, stateDB, initialHeight)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("Error executing block on proxy app", "height", block.Height, "err", err)
 		return nil, err
--- a/state/execution_test.go
+++ b/state/execution_test.go
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func TestBeginBlockValidators(t *testing.T) {
 		// block for height 2
 		block, _ := state.MakeBlock(2, makeTxs(2), lastCommit, nil, state.Validators.GetProposer().Address)

-		_, err = sm.ExecCommitBlock(proxyApp.Consensus(), block, log.TestingLogger(), stateDB)
+		_, err = sm.ExecCommitBlock(proxyApp.Consensus(), block, log.TestingLogger(), stateDB, 1)
 		require.Nil(t, err, tc.desc)

 		// -> app receives a list of validators with a bool indicating if they signed
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func TestBeginBlockByzantineValidators(t *testing.T) {
 		block, _ := state.MakeBlock(10, makeTxs(2), lastCommit, nil, state.Validators.GetProposer().Address)
 		block.Time = now
 		block.Evidence.Evidence = tc.evidence
-		_, err = sm.ExecCommitBlock(proxyApp.Consensus(), block, log.TestingLogger(), stateDB)
+		_, err = sm.ExecCommitBlock(proxyApp.Consensus(), block, log.TestingLogger(), stateDB, 1)
 		require.Nil(t, err, tc.desc)

 		// -> app must receive an index of the byzantine validator
--- a/state/state.go
+++ b/state/state.go
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ type State struct {
 	Version tmstate.Version

 	// immutable
-	ChainID string
+	ChainID       string
+	InitialHeight int64 // should be 1, not 0, when starting from height 1

 	// LastBlockHeight=0 at genesis (ie. block(H=0) does not exist)
 	LastBlockHeight int64
@@ -83,8 +84,9 @@ type State struct {
 func (state State) Copy() State {

 	return State{
-		Version: state.Version,
-		ChainID: state.ChainID,
+		Version:       state.Version,
+		ChainID:       state.ChainID,
+		InitialHeight: state.InitialHeight,

 		LastBlockHeight: state.LastBlockHeight,
 		LastBlockID:     state.LastBlockID,
@@ -139,6 +141,7 @@ func (state *State) ToProto() (*tmstate.State, error) {

 	sm.Version = state.Version
 	sm.ChainID = state.ChainID
+	sm.InitialHeight = state.InitialHeight
 	sm.LastBlockHeight = state.LastBlockHeight

 	sm.LastBlockID = state.LastBlockID.ToProto()
@@ -182,6 +185,7 @@ func StateFromProto(pb *tmstate.State) (*State, error) { //nolint:golint

 	state.Version = pb.Version
 	state.ChainID = pb.ChainID
+	state.InitialHeight = pb.InitialHeight

 	bi, err := types.BlockIDFromProto(&pb.LastBlockID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -241,7 +245,7 @@ func (state State) MakeBlock(

 	// Set time.
 	var timestamp time.Time
-	if height == 1 {
+	if height == state.InitialHeight {
 		timestamp = state.LastBlockTime // genesis time
 	} else {
 		timestamp = MedianTime(commit, state.LastValidators)
@@ -331,8 +335,9 @@ func MakeGenesisState(genDoc *types.GenesisDoc) (State, error) {
 	}

 	return State{
-		Version: InitStateVersion,
-		ChainID: genDoc.ChainID,
+		Version:       InitStateVersion,
+		ChainID:       genDoc.ChainID,
+		InitialHeight: genDoc.InitialHeight,

 		LastBlockHeight: 0,
 		LastBlockID:     types.BlockID{},
@@ -341,10 +346,10 @@ func MakeGenesisState(genDoc *types.GenesisDoc) (State, error) {
 		NextValidators:              nextValidatorSet,
 		Validators:                  validatorSet,
 		LastValidators:              types.NewValidatorSet(nil),
-		LastHeightValidatorsChanged: 1,
+		LastHeightValidatorsChanged: genDoc.InitialHeight,

 		ConsensusParams:                  *genDoc.ConsensusParams,
-		LastHeightConsensusParamsChanged: 1,
+		LastHeightConsensusParamsChanged: genDoc.InitialHeight,

 		AppHash: genDoc.AppHash,
 	}, nil
--- a/state/store.go
+++ b/state/store.go
@@ -110,12 +110,12 @@ func SaveState(db dbm.DB, state State) {

 func saveState(db dbm.DB, state State, key []byte) {
 	nextHeight := state.LastBlockHeight + 1
-	// If first block, save validators for block 1.
+	// If first block, save validators for the block.
 	if nextHeight == 1 {
+		nextHeight = state.InitialHeight
 		// This extra logic due to Tendermint validator set changes being delayed 1 block.
 		// It may get overwritten due to InitChain validator updates.
-		lastHeightVoteChanged := int64(1)
-		saveValidatorsInfo(db, nextHeight, lastHeightVoteChanged, state.Validators)
+		saveValidatorsInfo(db, nextHeight, nextHeight, state.Validators)
 	}
 	// Save next validators.
 	saveValidatorsInfo(db, nextHeight+1, state.LastHeightValidatorsChanged, state.NextValidators)
@@ -130,11 +130,16 @@ func saveState(db dbm.DB, state State, key []byte) {

 // BootstrapState saves a new state, used e.g. by state sync when starting from non-zero height.
 func BootstrapState(db dbm.DB, state State) error {
-	height := state.LastBlockHeight
-	saveValidatorsInfo(db, height, height, state.LastValidators)
-	saveValidatorsInfo(db, height+1, height+1, state.Validators)
-	saveValidatorsInfo(db, height+2, height+2, state.NextValidators)
-	saveConsensusParamsInfo(db, height+1, height+1, state.ConsensusParams)
+	height := state.LastBlockHeight + 1
+	if height == 1 {
+		height = state.InitialHeight
+	}
+	if height > 1 && !state.LastValidators.IsNilOrEmpty() {
+		saveValidatorsInfo(db, height-1, height-1, state.LastValidators)
+	}
+	saveValidatorsInfo(db, height, height, state.Validators)
+	saveValidatorsInfo(db, height+1, height+1, state.NextValidators)
+	saveConsensusParamsInfo(db, height, height, state.ConsensusParams)
 	return db.SetSync(stateKey, state.Bytes())
 }

--- a/state/store_test.go
+++ b/state/store_test.go
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ func TestPruneStates(t *testing.T) {
 				}

 				state := sm.State{
+					InitialHeight:   1,
 					LastBlockHeight: h - 1,
 					Validators:      validatorSet,
 					NextValidators:  validatorSet,
--- a/state/validation.go
+++ b/state/validation.go
@@ -34,7 +34,11 @@ func validateBlock(evidencePool EvidencePool, stateDB dbm.DB, state State, block
 			block.ChainID,
 		)
 	}
-	if block.Height != state.LastBlockHeight+1 {
+	if state.LastBlockHeight == 0 && block.Height != state.InitialHeight {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wrong Block.Header.Height. Expected %v for initial block, got %v",
+			block.Height, state.InitialHeight)
+	}
+	if state.LastBlockHeight > 0 && block.Height != state.LastBlockHeight+1 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("wrong Block.Header.Height. Expected %v, got %v",
 			state.LastBlockHeight+1,
 			block.Height,
@@ -82,9 +86,9 @@ func validateBlock(evidencePool EvidencePool, stateDB dbm.DB, state State, block
 	}

 	// Validate block LastCommit.
-	if block.Height == 1 {
+	if block.Height == state.InitialHeight {
 		if len(block.LastCommit.Signatures) != 0 {
-			return errors.New("block at height 1 can't have LastCommit signatures")
+			return errors.New("initial block can't have LastCommit signatures")
 		}
 	} else {
 		// LastCommit.Signatures length is checked in VerifyCommit.
@@ -110,7 +114,8 @@ func validateBlock(evidencePool EvidencePool, stateDB dbm.DB, state State, block
 	}

 	// Validate block Time
-	if block.Height > 1 {
+	switch {
+	case block.Height > state.InitialHeight:
 		if !block.Time.After(state.LastBlockTime) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("block time %v not greater than last block time %v",
 				block.Time,
@@ -124,7 +129,8 @@ func validateBlock(evidencePool EvidencePool, stateDB dbm.DB, state State, block
 				block.Time,
 			)
 		}
-	} else if block.Height == 1 {
+
+	case block.Height == state.InitialHeight:
 		genesisTime := state.LastBlockTime
 		if !block.Time.Equal(genesisTime) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("block time %v is not equal to genesis time %v",
@@ -132,6 +138,10 @@ func validateBlock(evidencePool EvidencePool, stateDB dbm.DB, state State, block
 				genesisTime,
 			)
 		}
+
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("block height %v lower than initial height %v",
+			block.Height, state.InitialHeight)
 	}

 	// Limit the amount of evidence
--- a/statesync/stateprovider.go
+++ b/statesync/stateprovider.go
@@ -35,16 +35,18 @@ type StateProvider interface {

 // lightClientStateProvider is a state provider using the light client.
 type lightClientStateProvider struct {
-	tmsync.Mutex // light.Client is not concurrency-safe
-	lc           *light.Client
-	version      tmstate.Version
-	providers    map[lightprovider.Provider]string
+	tmsync.Mutex  // light.Client is not concurrency-safe
+	lc            *light.Client
+	version       tmstate.Version
+	initialHeight int64
+	providers     map[lightprovider.Provider]string
 }

 // NewLightClientStateProvider creates a new StateProvider using a light client and RPC clients.
 func NewLightClientStateProvider(
 	chainID string,
 	version tmstate.Version,
+	initialHeight int64,
 	servers []string,
 	trustOptions light.TrustOptions,
 	logger log.Logger,
@@ -73,9 +75,10 @@ func NewLightClientStateProvider(
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return &lightClientStateProvider{
-		lc:        lc,
-		version:   version,
-		providers: providerRemotes,
+		lc:            lc,
+		version:       version,
+		initialHeight: initialHeight,
+		providers:     providerRemotes,
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -109,8 +112,12 @@ func (s *lightClientStateProvider) State(height uint64) (sm.State, error) {
 	defer s.Unlock()

 	state := sm.State{
-		ChainID: s.lc.ChainID(),
-		Version: s.version,
+		ChainID:       s.lc.ChainID(),
+		Version:       s.version,
+		InitialHeight: s.initialHeight,
+	}
+	if state.InitialHeight == 0 {
+		state.InitialHeight = 1
 	}

 	// We need to verify up until h+2, to get the validator set. This also prefetches the headers
--- a/types/block.go
+++ b/types/block.go
@@ -65,10 +65,8 @@ func (b *Block) ValidateBasic() error {
 	if b.LastCommit == nil {
 		return errors.New("nil LastCommit")
 	}
-	if b.Header.Height > 1 {
-		if err := b.LastCommit.ValidateBasic(); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("wrong LastCommit: %v", err)
-		}
+	if err := b.LastCommit.ValidateBasic(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wrong LastCommit: %v", err)
 	}

 	if !bytes.Equal(b.LastCommitHash, b.LastCommit.Hash()) {
--- a/types/genesis.go
+++ b/types/genesis.go
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ type GenesisValidator struct {
 type GenesisDoc struct {
 	GenesisTime     time.Time                `json:"genesis_time"`
 	ChainID         string                   `json:"chain_id"`
+	InitialHeight   int64                    `json:"initial_height"`
 	ConsensusParams *tmproto.ConsensusParams `json:"consensus_params,omitempty"`
 	Validators      []GenesisValidator       `json:"validators,omitempty"`
 	AppHash         tmbytes.HexBytes         `json:"app_hash"`
@@ -73,6 +74,12 @@ func (genDoc *GenesisDoc) ValidateAndComplete() error {
 	if len(genDoc.ChainID) > MaxChainIDLen {
 		return fmt.Errorf("chain_id in genesis doc is too long (max: %d)", MaxChainIDLen)
 	}
+	if genDoc.InitialHeight < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("initial_height cannot be negative (got %v)", genDoc.InitialHeight)
+	}
+	if genDoc.InitialHeight == 0 {
+		genDoc.InitialHeight = 1
+	}

 	if genDoc.ConsensusParams == nil {
 		genDoc.ConsensusParams = DefaultConsensusParams()
--- a/types/genesis_test.go
+++ b/types/genesis_test.go
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ func TestGenesisBad(t *testing.T) {
 		{},              // empty
 		{1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, // junk
 		[]byte(`{}`),    // empty
-		[]byte(`{"chain_id":"mychain","validators":[{}]}`), // invalid validator
+		[]byte(`{"chain_id":"mychain","validators":[{}]}`),   // invalid validator
+		[]byte(`{"chain_id":"chain","initial_height":"-1"}`), // negative initial height
 		// missing pub_key type
 		[]byte(
 			`{"validators":[{"pub_key":{"value":"AT/+aaL1eB0477Mud9JMm8Sh8BIvOYlPGC9KkIUmFaE="},"power":"10","name":""}]}`,
@@ -59,11 +60,19 @@ func TestGenesisBad(t *testing.T) {
 func TestGenesisGood(t *testing.T) {
 	// test a good one by raw json
 	genDocBytes := []byte(
-		`{"genesis_time":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","chain_id":"test-chain-QDKdJr","consensus_params":null,"validators":[` +
-			`{"pub_key":{` +
-			`"type":"tendermint/PubKeyEd25519","value":"AT/+aaL1eB0477Mud9JMm8Sh8BIvOYlPGC9KkIUmFaE="` +
-			`},"power":"10","name":""}` +
-			`],"app_hash":"","app_state":{"account_owner": "Bob"}}`,
+		`{
+			"genesis_time": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+			"chain_id": "test-chain-QDKdJr",
+			"initial_height": "1000",
+			"consensus_params": null,
+			"validators": [{
+				"pub_key":{"type":"tendermint/PubKeyEd25519","value":"AT/+aaL1eB0477Mud9JMm8Sh8BIvOYlPGC9KkIUmFaE="},
+				"power":"10",
+				"name":""
+			}],
+			"app_hash":"",
+			"app_state":{"account_owner": "Bob"}
+		}`,
 	)
 	_, err := GenesisDocFromJSON(genDocBytes)
 	assert.NoError(t, err, "expected no error for good genDoc json")
@@ -133,9 +142,7 @@ func TestGenesisSaveAs(t *testing.T) {
 	// load
 	genDoc2, err := GenesisDocFromFile(tmpfile.Name())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// fails to unknown reason
-	// assert.EqualValues(t, genDoc2, genDoc)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, genDoc2, genDoc)
 	assert.Equal(t, genDoc2.Validators, genDoc.Validators)
 }

@@ -149,7 +156,9 @@ func randomGenesisDoc() *GenesisDoc {
 	return &GenesisDoc{
 		GenesisTime:     tmtime.Now(),
 		ChainID:         "abc",
+		InitialHeight:   1000,
 		Validators:      []GenesisValidator{{pubkey.Address(), pubkey, 10, "myval"}},
 		ConsensusParams: DefaultConsensusParams(),
+		AppHash:         []byte{1, 2, 3},
 	}
 }