tendermint/spec/abci/client-server.md

---
order: 3
title: Client and Server
---

# Client and Server

This section is for those looking to implement their own ABCI Server, perhaps in
a new programming language.

You are expected to have read [ABCI Methods and Types](./abci.md) and [ABCI
Applications](./apps.md).

## Message Protocol

The message protocol consists of pairs of requests and responses defined in the
[protobuf file](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/main/proto/tendermint/abci/types.proto).

Some messages have no fields, while others may include byte-arrays, strings, integers,
or custom protobuf types.

For more details on protobuf, see the [documentation](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/overview).

For each request, a server should respond with the corresponding
response, where the order of requests is preserved in the order of
responses.

## Server Implementations

To use ABCI in your programming language of choice, there must be a ABCI
server in that language. Tendermint supports three implementations of the ABCI, written in Go:

- In-process ([Golang](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/tree/main/abci),
  [Rust](https://github.com/informalsystems/tendermint-rs/tree/main/abci))
- ABCI-socket
- GRPC

The latter two can be tested using the `abci-cli` by setting the `--abci` flag
appropriately (ie. to `socket` or `grpc`).

See examples, in various stages of maintenance, in
[Go](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/tree/main/abci/server),
[JavaScript](https://github.com/tendermint/js-abci),
[C++](https://github.com/mdyring/cpp-tmsp), and
[Java](https://github.com/jTendermint/jabci).

### In Process

The simplest implementation uses function calls within Golang.
This means ABCI applications written in Golang can be compiled with Tendermint Core and run as a single binary.

### GRPC

If GRPC is available in your language, this is the easiest approach,
though it will have significant performance overhead.

To get started with GRPC, copy in the [protobuf
file](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/main/proto/tendermint/abci/types.proto)
and compile it using the GRPC plugin for your language. For instance,
for golang, the command is `protoc --go_out=plugins=grpc:. types.proto`.
See the [grpc documentation for more details](http://www.grpc.io/docs/).
`protoc` will autogenerate all the necessary code for ABCI client and
server in your language, including whatever interface your application
must satisfy to be used by the ABCI server for handling requests.

Note the length-prefixing used in the socket implementation (TSP) does not apply for GRPC.

### TSP

Tendermint Socket Protocol is an asynchronous, raw socket server which provides
ordered message passing over unix or tcp. Messages are serialized using
Protobuf3 and length-prefixed with an [unsigned
varint](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding?csw=1#varints)

If GRPC is not available in your language, or you require higher performance, or
otherwise enjoy programming, you may implement your own ABCI server using the
Tendermint Socket Protocol. The first step is still to auto-generate the
relevant data types and codec in your language using `protoc`. In addition to
being proto3 encoded, messages coming over the socket are length-prefixed to
facilitate use as a streaming protocol. proto3 doesn't have an official
length-prefix standard, so we use our own. The first byte in the prefix
represents the length of the Big Endian encoded length. The remaining bytes in
the prefix are the Big Endian encoded length.

For example, if the proto3 encoded ABCI message is 0xDEADBEEF (4 bytes), the
length-prefixed message is 0x0104DEADBEEF. If the proto3 encoded ABCI message is
65535 bytes long, the length-prefixed message would be like 0x02FFFF....

The benefit of using this `varint` encoding over the old version (where integers
were encoded as `<len of len><big endian len>` is that it is the common way to
encode integers in Protobuf. It is also generally shorter.

As noted above, this prefixing does not apply for GRPC.

An ABCI server must also be able to support multiple connections, as
Tendermint uses four connections.

### Async vs Sync

The main ABCI server (ie. non-GRPC) provides ordered asynchronous messages.
This is useful for DeliverTx and CheckTx, since it allows Tendermint to forward
transactions to the app before it's finished processing previous ones.

Thus, DeliverTx and CheckTx messages are sent asynchronously, while all other
messages are sent synchronously.

## Client

There are currently two use-cases for an ABCI client. One is a testing
tool, as in the `abci-cli`, which allows ABCI requests to be sent via
command line. The other is a consensus engine, such as Tendermint Core,
which makes requests to the application every time a new transaction is
received or a block is committed.

It is unlikely that you will need to implement a client. For details of
our client, see
[here](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/tree/main/abci/client).