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tendermint/docs/app-dev/indexing-transactions.md
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---
order: 6
---
# Indexing Transactions
Tendermint allows you to index transactions and blocks and later query or
subscribe to their results. Transactions are indexed by `TxResult.Events` and
blocks are indexed by `Response(Begin|End)Block.Events`. However, transactions
are also indexed by a primary key which includes the transaction hash and maps
to and stores the corresponding `TxResult`. Blocks are indexed by a primary key
which includes the block height and maps to and stores the block height, i.e.
the block itself is never stored.
Each event contains a type and a list of attributes, which are key-value pairs
denoting something about what happened during the method's execution. For more
details on `Events`, see the
[ABCI](https://github.com/tendermint/spec/blob/master/spec/abci/abci.md#events)
documentation.
An `Event` has a composite key associated with it. A `compositeKey` is
constructed by its type and key separated by a dot.
For example:
```json
"jack": [
"account.number": 100
]
```
would be equal to the composite key of `jack.account.number`.
Let's take a look at the `[tx_index]` config section:
```toml
##### transactions indexer configuration options #####
[tx_index]
# What indexer to use for transactions
#
# Options:
# 1) "null"
# 2) "kv" (default) - the simplest possible indexer, backed by key-value storage (defaults to levelDB; see DBBackend).
indexer = "kv"
```
By default, Tendermint will index all transactions by their respective hashes
and height and blocks by their height.
You can turn off indexing completely by setting `tx_index` to `null`.
## Default Indexes
The Tendermint tx and block event indexer indexes a few select reserved events
by default.
### Transactions
The following indexes are indexed by default:
- `tx.height`
- `tx.hash`
### Blocks
The following indexes are indexed by default:
- `block.height`
## Adding Events
Applications are free to define which events to index. Tendermint does not
expose functionality to define which events to index and which to ignore. In
your application's `DeliverTx` method, add the `Events` field with pairs of
UTF-8 encoded strings (e.g. "transfer.sender": "Bob", "transfer.recipient":
"Alice", "transfer.balance": "100").
Example:
```go
func (app *KVStoreApplication) DeliverTx(req types.RequestDeliverTx) types.Result {
//...
events := []abci.Event{
{
Type: "transfer",
Attributes: []abci.EventAttribute{
{Key: []byte("sender"), Value: []byte("Bob"), Index: true},
{Key: []byte("recipient"), Value: []byte("Alice"), Index: true},
{Key: []byte("balance"), Value: []byte("100"), Index: true},
{Key: []byte("note"), Value: []byte("nothing"), Index: true},
},
},
}
return types.ResponseDeliverTx{Code: code.CodeTypeOK, Events: events}
}
```
If the indexer is not `null`, the transaction will be indexed. Each event is
indexed using a composite key in the form of `{eventType}.{eventAttribute}={eventValue}`,
e.g. `transfer.sender=bob`.
## Querying Transactions Events
You can query for a paginated set of transaction by their events by calling the
`/tx_search` RPC endpoint:
```bash
curl "localhost:26657/tx_search?query=\"message.sender='cosmos1...'\"&prove=true"
```
Check out [API docs](https://docs.tendermint.com/master/rpc/#/Info/tx_search)
for more information on query syntax and other options.
## Subscribing to Transactions
Clients can subscribe to transactions with the given tags via WebSocket by providing
a query to `/subscribe` RPC endpoint.
```json
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "subscribe",
"id": "0",
"params": {
"query": "message.sender='cosmos1...'"
}
}
```
Check out [API docs](https://docs.tendermint.com/master/rpc/#subscribe) for more information
on query syntax and other options.
## Querying Blocks Events
You can query for a paginated set of blocks by their events by calling the
`/block_search` RPC endpoint:
```bash
curl "localhost:26657/block_search?query=\"block.height > 10 AND val_set.num_changed > 0\""
```
Check out [API docs](https://docs.tendermint.com/master/rpc/#/Info/block_search)
for more information on query syntax and other options.