test/alternator: fix copyright year to 2026

Co-authored-by: mykaul <4655593+mykaul@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # AUTH
-auth/* @nuivall @ptrsmrn
+auth/* @nuivall
 
 # CACHE
 row_cache* @tgrabiec
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ compaction/* @raphaelsc
 transport/*
 
 # CQL QUERY LANGUAGE
-cql3/* @tgrabiec @nuivall @ptrsmrn
+cql3/* @tgrabiec @nuivall
 
 # COUNTERS
-counters* @nuivall @ptrsmrn
-tests/counter_test* @nuivall @ptrsmrn
+counters* @nuivall
+tests/counter_test* @nuivall
 
 # DOCS
 docs/* @annastuchlik @tzach
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ repair/* @tgrabiec @asias
 
 # SCHEMA MANAGEMENT
 db/schema_tables* @tgrabiec
-db/legacy_schema_migrator* @tgrabiec
 service/migration* @tgrabiec
 schema* @tgrabiec
 

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# ScyllaDB Development Instructions
+
+## Project Context
+High-performance distributed NoSQL database. Core values: performance, correctness, readability.
+
+## Build System
+
+### Modern Build (configure.py + ninja)
+```bash
+# Configure (run once per mode, or when switching modes)
+./configure.py --mode=<mode>  # mode: dev, debug, release, sanitize
+
+# Build everything
+ninja <mode>-build  # e.g., ninja dev-build
+
+# Build Scylla binary only (sufficient for Python integration tests)
+ninja build/<mode>/scylla
+
+# Build specific test
+ninja build/<mode>/test/boost/<test_name>
+```
+
+## Running Tests
+
+### C++ Unit Tests
+```bash
+# Run all tests in a file
+./test.py --mode=<mode> test/<suite>/<test_name>.cc
+
+# Run a single test case from a file
+./test.py --mode=<mode> test/<suite>/<test_name>.cc::<test_case_name>
+
+# Examples
+./test.py --mode=dev test/boost/memtable_test.cc
+./test.py --mode=dev test/raft/raft_server_test.cc::test_check_abort_on_client_api
+```
+
+**Important:** 
+- Use full path with `.cc` extension (e.g., `test/boost/test_name.cc`, not `boost/test_name`)
+- To run a single test case, append `::<test_case_name>` to the file path
+- If you encounter permission issues with cgroup metric gathering, add `--no-gather-metrics` flag
+
+**Rebuilding Tests:**
+- test.py does NOT automatically rebuild when test source files are modified
+- Many tests are part of composite binaries (e.g., `combined_tests` in test/boost contains multiple test files)
+- To find which binary contains a test, check `configure.py` in the repository root (primary source) or `test/<suite>/CMakeLists.txt`
+- To rebuild a specific test binary: `ninja build/<mode>/test/<suite>/<binary_name>`
+- Examples: 
+  - `ninja build/dev/test/boost/combined_tests` (contains group0_voter_calculator_test.cc and others)
+  - `ninja build/dev/test/raft/replication_test` (standalone Raft test)
+
+### Python Integration Tests
+```bash
+# Only requires Scylla binary (full build usually not needed)
+ninja build/<mode>/scylla
+
+# Run all tests in a file
+./test.py --mode=<mode> <test_path>
+
+# Run a single test case from a file
+./test.py --mode=<mode> <test_path>::<test_function_name>
+
+# Examples
+./test.py --mode=dev alternator/
+./test.py --mode=dev cluster/test_raft_voters::test_raft_limited_voters_retain_coordinator
+
+# Optional flags
+./test.py --mode=dev cluster/test_raft_no_quorum -v  # Verbose output
+./test.py --mode=dev cluster/test_raft_no_quorum --repeat 5  # Repeat test 5 times
+```
+
+**Important:**
+- Use path without `.py` extension (e.g., `cluster/test_raft_no_quorum`, not `cluster/test_raft_no_quorum.py`)
+- To run a single test case, append `::<test_function_name>` to the file path
+- Add `-v` for verbose output
+- Add `--repeat <num>` to repeat a test multiple times
+- After modifying C++ source files, only rebuild the Scylla binary for Python tests - building the entire repository is unnecessary
+
+## Code Philosophy
+- Performance matters in hot paths (data read/write, inner loops)
+- Self-documenting code through clear naming
+- Comments explain "why", not "what"
+- Prefer standard library over custom implementations
+- Strive for simplicity and clarity, add complexity only when clearly justified
+- Question requests: don't blindly implement requests - evaluate trade-offs, identify issues, and suggest better alternatives when appropriate
+- Consider different approaches, weigh pros and cons, and recommend the best fit for the specific context
+
+## Test Philosophy
+- Performance matters. Tests should run as quickly as possible. Sleeps in the code are highly discouraged and should be avoided, to reduce run time and flakiness.
+- Stability matters. Tests should be stable. New tests should be executed 100 times at least to ensure they pass 100 out of 100 times. (use --repeat 100 --max-failures 1 when running it)
+- Unit tests should ideally test one thing and one thing only.
+- Tests for bug fixes should run before the fix - and show the failure and after the fix - and show they now pass.
+- Tests for bug fixes should have in their comments which bug fixes (GitHub or JIRA issue) they test.
+- Tests in debug are always slower, so if needed, reduce number of iterations, rows, data used, cycles, etc. in debug mode.
+- Tests should strive to be repeatable, and not use random input that will make their results unpredictable.
+- Tests should consume as little resources as possible. Prefer running tests on a single node if it is sufficient, for example.
+

.github/instructions/cpp.instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+---
+applyTo: "**/*.{cc,hh}"
+---
+
+# C++ Guidelines
+
+**Important:** Always match the style and conventions of existing code in the file and directory.
+
+## Memory Management
+- Prefer stack allocation whenever possible
+- Use `std::unique_ptr` by default for dynamic allocations
+- `new`/`delete` are forbidden (use RAII)
+- Use `seastar::lw_shared_ptr` or `seastar::shared_ptr` for shared ownership within same shard
+- Use `seastar::foreign_ptr` for cross-shard sharing
+- Avoid `std::shared_ptr` except when interfacing with external C++ APIs
+- Avoid raw pointers except for non-owning references or C API interop
+
+## Seastar Asynchronous Programming
+- Use `seastar::future<T>` for all async operations
+- Prefer coroutines (`co_await`, `co_return`) over `.then()` chains for readability
+- Coroutines are preferred over `seastar::do_with()` for managing temporary state
+- In hot paths where futures are ready, continuations may be more efficient than coroutines
+- Chain futures with `.then()`, don't block with `.get()` (unless in `seastar::thread` context)
+- All I/O must be asynchronous (no blocking calls)
+- Use `seastar::gate` for shutdown coordination
+- Use `seastar::semaphore` for resource limiting (not `std::mutex`)
+- Break long loops with `maybe_yield()` to avoid reactor stalls
+
+## Coroutines
+```cpp
+seastar::future<T> func() {
+    auto result = co_await async_operation();
+    co_return result;
+}
+```
+
+## Error Handling
+- Throw exceptions for errors (futures propagate them automatically)
+- In data path: avoid exceptions, use `std::expected` (or `boost::outcome`) instead
+- Use standard exceptions (`std::runtime_error`, `std::invalid_argument`)
+- Database-specific: throw appropriate schema/query exceptions
+
+## Performance
+- Pass large objects by `const&` or `&&` (move semantics)
+- Use `std::string_view` for non-owning string references
+- Avoid copies: prefer move semantics
+- Use `utils::chunked_vector` instead of `std::vector` for large allocations (>128KB)
+- Minimize dynamic allocations in hot paths
+
+## Database-Specific Types
+- Use `schema_ptr` for schema references
+- Use `mutation` and `mutation_partition` for data modifications
+- Use `partition_key` and `clustering_key` for keys
+- Use `api::timestamp_type` for database timestamps
+- Use `gc_clock` for garbage collection timing
+
+## Style
+- C++23 standard (prefer modern features, especially coroutines)
+- Use `auto` when type is obvious from RHS
+- Avoid `auto` when it obscures the type
+- Use range-based for loops: `for (const auto& item : container)`
+- Use standard algorithms when they clearly simplify code (e.g., replacing 10-line loops)
+- Avoid chaining multiple algorithms if a straightforward loop is clearer
+- Mark functions and variables `const` whenever possible
+- Use scoped enums: `enum class` (not unscoped `enum`)
+
+## Headers
+- Use `#pragma once`
+- Include order: own header, C++ std, Seastar, Boost, project headers
+- Forward declare when possible
+- Never `using namespace` in headers (exception: `using namespace seastar` is globally available via `seastarx.hh`)
+
+## Documentation
+- Public APIs require clear documentation
+- Implementation details should be self-evident from code
+- Use `///` or Doxygen `/** */` for public documentation, `//` for implementation notes - follow the existing style
+
+## Naming
+- `snake_case` for most identifiers (classes, functions, variables, namespaces)
+- Template parameters: `CamelCase` (e.g., `template<typename ValueType>`)
+- Member variables: prefix with `_` (e.g., `int _count;`)
+- Structs (value-only): no `_` prefix on members
+- Constants and `constexpr`: `snake_case` (e.g., `static constexpr int max_size = 100;`)
+- Files: `.hh` for headers, `.cc` for source
+
+## Formatting
+- 4 spaces indentation, never tabs
+- Opening braces on same line as control structure (except namespaces)
+- Space after keywords: `if (`, `while (`, `return `
+- Whitespace around operators matches precedence: `*a + *b` not `* a+* b`
+- Line length: keep reasonable (<160 chars), use continuation lines with double indent if needed
+- Brace all nested scopes, even single statements
+- Minimal patches: only format code you modify, never reformat entire files
+
+## Logging
+- Use structured logging with appropriate levels: DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR
+- Include context in log messages (e.g., request IDs)
+- Never log sensitive data (credentials, PII)
+
+## Forbidden
+- `malloc`/`free`
+- `printf` family (use logging or fmt)
+- Raw pointers for ownership
+- `using namespace` in headers
+- Blocking operations: `std::sleep`, `std::read`, `std::mutex` (use Seastar equivalents)
+- `std::atomic` (reserved for very special circumstances only)
+- Macros (use `inline`, `constexpr`, or templates instead)
+
+## Testing
+When modifying existing code, follow TDD: create/update test first, then implement.
+- Examine existing tests for style and structure
+- Use Boost.Test framework
+- Use `SEASTAR_THREAD_TEST_CASE` for Seastar asynchronous tests
+- Aim for high code coverage, especially for new features and bug fixes
+- Maintain bisectability: all tests must pass in every commit. Mark failing tests with `BOOST_FAIL()` or similar, then fix in subsequent commit

.github/instructions/python.instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+applyTo: "**/*.py"
+---
+
+# Python Guidelines
+
+**Important:** Match existing code style. Some directories (like `test/cqlpy` and `test/alternator`) prefer simplicity over type hints and docstrings.
+
+## Style
+- Follow PEP 8
+- Use type hints for function signatures (unless directory style omits them)
+- Use f-strings for formatting
+- Line length: 160 characters max
+- 4 spaces for indentation
+
+## Imports
+Order: standard library, third-party, local imports
+```python
+import os
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+from cassandra.cluster import Cluster
+
+from test.utils import setup_keyspace
+```
+
+Never use `from module import *`
+
+## Documentation
+All public functions/classes need docstrings (unless the current directory conventions omit them):
+```python
+def my_function(arg1: str, arg2: int) -> bool:
+    """
+    Brief summary of function purpose.
+
+    Args:
+        arg1: Description of first argument.
+        arg2: Description of second argument.
+
+    Returns:
+        Description of return value.
+    """
+    pass
+```
+
+## Testing Best Practices
+- Maintain bisectability: all tests must pass in every commit
+- Mark currently-failing tests with `@pytest.mark.xfail`, unmark when fixed
+- Use descriptive names that convey intent
+- Docstrings/comments should explain what the test verifies and why, and if it reproduces a specific issue or how it fits into the larger test suite

.github/scripts/auto-backport.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def create_pull_request(repo, new_branch_name, base_branch_name, pr, backport_pr
         if is_draft:
             labels_to_add.append("conflicts")
             pr_comment = f"@{pr.user.login} - This PR was marked as draft because it has conflicts\n"
-            pr_comment += "Please resolve them and mark this PR as ready for review"
+            pr_comment += "Please resolve them and remove the 'conflicts' label. The PR will be made ready for review automatically."
             backport_pr.create_issue_comment(pr_comment)
         
         # Apply all labels at once if we have any
@@ -142,20 +142,31 @@ def backport(repo, pr, version, commits, backport_base_branch, is_collaborator):
 
 
 def with_github_keyword_prefix(repo, pr):
-    pattern = rf"(?:fix(?:|es|ed))\s*:?\s*(?:(?:(?:{repo.full_name})?#)|https://github\.com/{repo.full_name}/issues/)(\d+)"
-    match = re.findall(pattern, pr.body, re.IGNORECASE)
-    if not match:
-        for commit in pr.get_commits():
-            match = re.findall(pattern, commit.commit.message, re.IGNORECASE)
-            if match:
-                print(f'{pr.number} has a valid close reference in commit message {commit.sha}')
-                break
-    if not match:
-        print(f'No valid close reference for {pr.number}')
-        return False
-    else:
+    # GitHub issue pattern: #123, scylladb/scylladb#123, or full GitHub URLs
+    github_pattern = rf"(?:fix(?:|es|ed))\s*:?\s*(?:(?:(?:{repo.full_name})?#)|https://github\.com/{repo.full_name}/issues/)(\d+)"
+    
+    # JIRA issue pattern: PKG-92 or https://scylladb.atlassian.net/browse/PKG-92
+    jira_pattern = r"(?:fix(?:|es|ed))\s*:?\s*(?:(?:https://scylladb\.atlassian\.net/browse/)?([A-Z]+-\d+))"
+    
+    # Check PR body for GitHub issues
+    github_match = re.findall(github_pattern, pr.body, re.IGNORECASE)
+    # Check PR body for JIRA issues
+    jira_match = re.findall(jira_pattern, pr.body, re.IGNORECASE)
+    
+    match = github_match or jira_match
+
+    if match:
         return True
 
+    for commit in pr.get_commits():
+        github_match = re.findall(github_pattern, commit.commit.message, re.IGNORECASE)
+        jira_match = re.findall(jira_pattern, commit.commit.message, re.IGNORECASE)
+        if github_match or jira_match:
+            print(f'{pr.number} has a valid close reference in commit message {commit.sha}')
+            return True
+
+    print(f'No valid close reference for {pr.number}')
+    return False
 
 def main():
     args = parse_args()

.github/workflows/backport-pr-fixes-validation.yaml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
             
             // Regular expression pattern to check for "Fixes" prefix
             // Adjusted to dynamically insert the repository full name
-            const pattern = `Fixes:? (?:#|${repo.replace('/', '\\/')}#|https://github\\.com/${repo.replace('/', '\\/')}/issues/)(\\d+)`;
+            const pattern = `Fixes:? ((?:#|${repo.replace('/', '\\/')}#|https://github\\.com/${repo.replace('/', '\\/')}/issues/)(\\d+)|(?:https://scylladb\\.atlassian\\.net/browse/)?([A-Z]+-\\d+))`;
             const regex = new RegExp(pattern);
             
             if (!regex.test(body)) {

.github/workflows/call_backport_with_jira.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+name: Backport with Jira Integration
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - next-*.*
+      - branch-*.*
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [labeled, closed]
+    branches: 
+      - master
+      - next
+      - next-*.*
+      - branch-*.*
+
+jobs:
+  backport-on-push:
+    if: github.event_name == 'push'
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/backport-with-jira.yaml@main
+    with:
+      event_type: 'push'
+      base_branch: ${{ github.ref }}
+      commits: ${{ github.event.before }}..${{ github.sha }}
+    secrets:
+      gh_token: ${{ secrets.AUTO_BACKPORT_TOKEN }}
+      jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
+
+  backport-on-label:
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' && github.event.action == 'labeled'
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/backport-with-jira.yaml@main
+    with:
+      event_type: 'labeled'
+      base_branch: refs/heads/${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
+      pull_request_number: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+      head_commit: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+      label_name: ${{ github.event.label.name }}
+      pr_state: ${{ github.event.pull_request.state }}
+    secrets:
+      gh_token: ${{ secrets.AUTO_BACKPORT_TOKEN }}
+      jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
+
+  backport-chain:
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' && github.event.action == 'closed' && github.event.pull_request.merged == true
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/backport-with-jira.yaml@main
+    with:
+      event_type: 'chain'
+      base_branch: refs/heads/${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
+      pull_request_number: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+      pr_body: ${{ github.event.pull_request.body }}
+    secrets:
+      gh_token: ${{ secrets.AUTO_BACKPORT_TOKEN }}
+      jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}

.github/workflows/call_jira_status_in_progress.yml

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-name: Call Jira Status In Progress
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    types: [opened]
-
-jobs:
-  call-jira-status-in-progress:
-    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_update_jira_status_to_in_progress.yml@main
-    secrets:
-      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
-

.github/workflows/call_jira_status_in_review.yml

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-name: Call Jira Status In Review
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    types: [ready_for_review, review_requested]
-
-jobs:
-  call-jira-status-in-review:
-    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_update_jira_status_to_in_review.yml@main
-    secrets:
-      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
-

.github/workflows/call_jira_status_ready_for_merge.yml

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-name: Call Jira Status Ready For Merge
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    types: [labeled]
-
-jobs:
-  call-jira-status-update:
-    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_update_jira_status_to_ready_for_merge.yml@main
-    secrets:
-      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
-

.github/workflows/call_jira_sync.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+name: Sync Jira Based on PR Events
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, ready_for_review, review_requested, labeled, unlabeled, closed]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pull-requests: write
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  jira-sync-pr-opened:
+    if: github.event.action == 'opened'
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_jira_sync_pr_opened.yml@main
+    secrets:
+      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
+
+  jira-sync-in-review:
+    if: github.event.action == 'ready_for_review' || github.event.action == 'review_requested'
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_jira_sync_in_review.yml@main
+    secrets:
+      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
+
+  jira-sync-add-label:
+    if: github.event.action == 'labeled'
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_jira_sync_add_label.yml@main
+    secrets:
+      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
+
+  jira-status-remove-label:
+    if: github.event.action == 'unlabeled'
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_jira_sync_remove_label.yml@main
+    secrets:
+      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
+
+  jira-status-pr-closed:
+    if: github.event.action == 'closed' 
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_jira_sync_pr_closed.yml@main
+    secrets:
+      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}

.github/workflows/call_jira_sync_pr_milestone.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: Sync Jira Based on PR Milestone Events
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [milestoned, demilestoned]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pull-requests: read
+
+jobs:
+  jira-sync-milestone-set:
+    if: github.event.action == 'milestoned'
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_jira_sync_pr_milestone_set.yml@main
+    secrets:
+      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}
+
+  jira-sync-milestone-removed:
+    if: github.event.action == 'demilestoned'
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_jira_sync_pr_milestone_removed.yml@main
+    secrets:
+      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}

.github/workflows/call_sync_milestone_to_jira.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+name: Call Jira release creation for new milestone
+
+on:
+  milestone:
+    types: [created]
+
+jobs:
+  sync-milestone-to-jira:
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/main_sync_milestone_to_jira_release.yml@main
+    with:
+      # Comma-separated list of Jira project keys
+      jira_project_keys: "SCYLLADB,CUSTOMER,SMI"
+    secrets:
+      caller_jira_auth: ${{ secrets.USER_AND_KEY_FOR_JIRA_AUTOMATION }}

.github/workflows/call_validate_pr_author_email.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+name: validate_pr_author_email
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - synchronize
+      - reopened
+
+jobs:
+  validate_pr_author_email:
+    uses: scylladb/github-automation/.github/workflows/validate_pr_author_email.yml@main
+

.github/workflows/close_issue_for_scylla_associate.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+name: Close issues created by Scylla associates
+
+on:
+  issues:
+    types: [opened, reopened]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  comment-and-close:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Comment and close if author email is scylladb.com
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const issue = context.payload.issue;
+            const actor = context.actor;
+
+            // Get user data (only public email is available)
+            const { data: user } = await github.rest.users.getByUsername({
+              username: actor,
+            });
+
+            const email = user.email || "";
+            console.log(`Actor: ${actor}, public email: ${email || "<none>"}`);
+
+            // Only continue if email exists and ends with @scylladb.com
+            if (!email || !email.toLowerCase().endsWith("@scylladb.com")) {
+              console.log("User is not a scylladb.com email (or email not public); skipping.");
+              return;
+            }
+
+            const owner = context.repo.owner;
+            const repo = context.repo.repo;
+            const issue_number = issue.number;
+
+            const body = "Issues in this repository are closed automatically. Scylla associates should use Jira to manage issues.\nPlease move this issue to Jira https://scylladb.atlassian.net/jira/software/c/projects/SCYLLADB/list";
+
+            // Add the comment
+            await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+              owner,
+              repo,
+              issue_number,
+              body,
+            });
+
+            console.log(`Comment added to #${issue_number}`);
+
+            // Close the issue
+            await github.rest.issues.update({
+              owner,
+              repo,
+              issue_number,
+              state: "closed",
+              state_reason: "not_planned"
+            });
+
+            console.log(`Issue #${issue_number} closed.`);

.github/workflows/codespell.yaml

@@ -13,5 +13,5 @@ jobs:
       - uses: codespell-project/actions-codespell@master
         with:
           only_warn: 1
-          ignore_words_list: "ans,datas,fo,ser,ue,crate,nd,reenable,strat,stap,te,raison"
+          ignore_words_list: "ans,datas,fo,ser,ue,crate,nd,reenable,strat,stap,te,raison,iif,tread"
           skip: "./.git,./build,./tools,*.js,*.lock,./test,./licenses,./redis/lolwut.cc,*.svg"

.github/workflows/docs-pages.yaml

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   release:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout

.github/workflows/docs-pr.yaml

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ name: "Docs / Build PR"
 # For more information,
 # see https://sphinx-theme.scylladb.com/stable/deployment/production.html#available-workflows
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 env:
   FLAG: ${{ github.repository == 'scylladb/scylla-enterprise' && 'enterprise' || 'opensource' }}
 

.github/workflows/docs-validate-metrics.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+name: Docs / Validate metrics
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - enterprise
+    paths:
+      - '**/*.cc'
+      - 'scripts/metrics-config.yml'
+      - 'scripts/get_description.py'
+      - 'docs/_ext/scylladb_metrics.py'
+
+jobs:
+  validate-metrics:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: Check metrics documentation coverage
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        submodules: true
+
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.10'
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: pip install PyYAML
+
+    - name: Validate metrics
+      run: python3 scripts/get_description.py --validate -c scripts/metrics-config.yml

.github/workflows/iwyu.yaml

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ env:
   CLEANER_DIRS: test/unit exceptions alternator api auth cdc compaction db dht gms index lang message mutation mutation_writer node_ops raft redis replica service
   SEASTAR_BAD_INCLUDE_OUTPUT_PATH: build/seastar-bad-include.log
 
-permissions: {}
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 # cancel the in-progress run upon a repush
 concurrency:
@@ -34,8 +35,6 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: true
-      - run: |
-          sudo dnf -y install clang-tools-extra
       - name: Generate compilation database
         run: |
           cmake                                         \

.github/workflows/read-toolchain.yaml

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ on:
 jobs:
   read-toolchain:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
     outputs:
       image: ${{ steps.read.outputs.image }}
     steps:

.github/workflows/trigger-scylla-ci.yaml

@@ -3,19 +3,58 @@ name: Trigger Scylla CI Route
 on:
   issue_comment:
     types: [created]
+  pull_request_target:
+    types:
+      - unlabeled
 
 jobs:
   trigger-jenkins:
-    if: github.event.comment.user.login != 'scylladbbot' && contains(github.event.comment.body, '@scylladbbot') && contains(github.event.comment.body, 'trigger-ci')
+    if: (github.event_name == 'issue_comment' && github.event.comment.user.login != 'scylladbbot') || github.event.label.name == 'conflicts'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
+      - name: Verify Org Membership
+        id: verify_author
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request_target" ]]; then
+            AUTHOR="${{ github.event.pull_request.user.login }}"
+            ASSOCIATION="${{ github.event.pull_request.author_association }}"
+          else
+            AUTHOR="${{ github.event.comment.user.login }}"
+            ASSOCIATION="${{ github.event.comment.author_association }}"
+          fi
+          if [[ "$ASSOCIATION" == "MEMBER" || "$ASSOCIATION" == "OWNER" ]]; then
+            echo "member=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          else
+            echo "::warning::${AUTHOR} is not a member of scylladb (association: ${ASSOCIATION}); skipping CI trigger."
+            echo "member=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+
+      - name: Validate Comment Trigger
+        if: github.event_name == 'issue_comment'
+        id: verify_comment
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          BODY=$(cat << 'EOF'
+          ${{ github.event.comment.body }}
+          EOF
+          )
+          CLEAN_BODY=$(echo "$BODY" | grep -v '^[[:space:]]*>')
+
+          if echo "$CLEAN_BODY" | grep -qi '@scylladbbot' && echo "$CLEAN_BODY" | grep -qi 'trigger-ci'; then
+            echo "trigger=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          else
+            echo "trigger=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+
       - name: Trigger Scylla-CI-Route Jenkins Job
+        if: steps.verify_author.outputs.member == 'true' && (github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' || steps.verify_comment.outputs.trigger == 'true')
         env:
           JENKINS_USER: ${{ secrets.JENKINS_USERNAME }}
           JENKINS_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.JENKINS_TOKEN }}
           JENKINS_URL: "https://jenkins.scylladb.com"
+          PR_NUMBER: "${{ github.event.issue.number || github.event.pull_request.number }}"
+          PR_REPO_NAME: "${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}"
         run: |
-          PR_NUMBER=${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          PR_REPO_NAME=${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}
           curl -X POST "$JENKINS_URL/job/releng/job/Scylla-CI-Route/buildWithParameters?PR_NUMBER=$PR_NUMBER&PR_REPO_NAME=$PR_REPO_NAME" \
-          --user "$JENKINS_USER:$JENKINS_API_TOKEN" --fail -i -v
+            --user "$JENKINS_USER:$JENKINS_API_TOKEN" --fail

.github/workflows/trigger_ci.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+name: Trigger next gating
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, reopened, synchronize]
+  issue_comment:
+    types: [created]
+    
+jobs:
+  trigger-ci:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Dump GitHub context
+        env:
+          GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}
+        run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT"
+      - name: Checkout PR code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0  # Needed to access full history
+          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}
+
+      - name: Fetch before commit if needed
+        run: |
+          if ! git cat-file -e ${{ github.event.before }} 2>/dev/null; then
+            echo "Fetching before commit ${{ github.event.before }}"
+            git fetch --depth=1 origin ${{ github.event.before }}
+          fi
+
+      - name: Compare commits for file changes
+        if: github.action == 'synchronize'
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          echo "Base: ${{ github.event.before }}"
+          echo "Head: ${{ github.event.after }}"
+
+          TREE_BEFORE=$(git show -s --format=%T ${{ github.event.before }})
+          TREE_AFTER=$(git show -s --format=%T ${{ github.event.after }})
+          
+          echo "TREE_BEFORE=$TREE_BEFORE" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "TREE_AFTER=$TREE_AFTER" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Check if last push has file changes
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${{ env.TREE_BEFORE }}" == "${{ env.TREE_AFTER }}" ]]; then
+            echo "No file changes detected in the last push, only commit message edit."
+            echo "has_file_changes=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          else
+            echo "File changes detected in the last push."
+            echo "has_file_changes=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
+
+      - name: Rule 1 - Check PR draft or conflict status
+        run: |
+          # Check if PR is in draft mode
+          IS_DRAFT="${{ github.event.pull_request.draft }}"
+          
+          # Check if PR has 'conflict' label
+          HAS_CONFLICT_LABEL="false"
+          LABELS='${{ toJson(github.event.pull_request.labels) }}'
+          if echo "$LABELS" | jq -r '.[].name' | grep -q "^conflict$"; then
+            HAS_CONFLICT_LABEL="true"
+          fi
+          
+          # Set draft_or_conflict variable
+          if [[ "$IS_DRAFT" == "true" || "$HAS_CONFLICT_LABEL" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "draft_or_conflict=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "✅ Rule 1: PR is in draft mode or has conflict label - setting draft_or_conflict=true"
+          else
+            echo "draft_or_conflict=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "✅ Rule 1: PR is ready and has no conflict label - setting draft_or_conflict=false"
+          fi
+          
+          echo "Draft status: $IS_DRAFT"
+          echo "Has conflict label: $HAS_CONFLICT_LABEL"
+          echo "Result: draft_or_conflict = $draft_or_conflict"
+
+      - name: Rule 2 - Check labels
+        run: |
+          # Check if PR has P0 or P1 labels
+          HAS_P0_P1_LABEL="false"
+          LABELS='${{ toJson(github.event.pull_request.labels) }}'
+          if echo "$LABELS" | jq -r '.[].name' | grep -E "^(P0|P1)$" > /dev/null; then
+            HAS_P0_P1_LABEL="true"
+          fi
+          
+          # Check if PR already has force_on_cloud label
+          echo "HAS_FORCE_ON_CLOUD_LABEL=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          if echo "$LABELS" | jq -r '.[].name' | grep -q "^force_on_cloud$"; then
+            HAS_FORCE_ON_CLOUD_LABEL="true"
+            echo "HAS_FORCE_ON_CLOUD_LABEL=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
+          
+          echo "Has P0/P1 label: $HAS_P0_P1_LABEL"
+          echo "Has force_on_cloud label: $HAS_FORCE_ON_CLOUD_LABEL"
+          
+          # Add force_on_cloud label if PR has P0/P1 and doesn't already have force_on_cloud
+          if [[ "$HAS_P0_P1_LABEL" == "true" && "$HAS_FORCE_ON_CLOUD_LABEL" == "false" ]]; then
+            echo "✅ Rule 2: PR has P0 or P1 label - adding force_on_cloud label"
+            curl -X POST \
+              -H "Authorization: token ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" \
+              -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
+              "https://api.github.com/repos/${{ github.repository }}/issues/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/labels" \
+              -d '{"labels":["force_on_cloud"]}'
+          elif [[ "$HAS_P0_P1_LABEL" == "true" && "$HAS_FORCE_ON_CLOUD_LABEL" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "✅ Rule 2: PR has P0 or P1 label and already has force_on_cloud label - no action needed"
+          else
+            echo "✅ Rule 2: PR does not have P0 or P1 label - no force_on_cloud label needed"
+          fi
+
+          SKIP_UNIT_TEST_CUSTOM="false"
+          if echo "$LABELS" | jq -r '.[].name' | grep -q "^ci/skip_unit-tests_custom$"; then
+            SKIP_UNIT_TEST_CUSTOM="true"
+          fi
+          echo "SKIP_UNIT_TEST_CUSTOM=$SKIP_UNIT_TEST_CUSTOM" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Rule 3 - Analyze changed files and set build requirements
+        run: |
+          # Get list of changed files
+          CHANGED_FILES=$(git diff --name-only ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }} ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }})
+          echo "Changed files:"
+          echo "$CHANGED_FILES"
+          echo ""
+          
+          # Initialize all requirements to false
+          REQUIRE_BUILD="false"
+          REQUIRE_DTEST="false"
+          REQUIRE_UNITTEST="false"
+          REQUIRE_ARTIFACTS="false"
+          REQUIRE_SCYLLA_GDB="false"
+          
+          # Check each file against patterns
+          while IFS= read -r file; do
+            if [[ -n "$file" ]]; then
+              echo "Checking file: $file"
+              
+              # Build pattern: ^(?!scripts\/pull_github_pr.sh).*$
+              # Everything except scripts/pull_github_pr.sh
+              if [[ "$file" != "scripts/pull_github_pr.sh" ]]; then
+                REQUIRE_BUILD="true"
+                echo "  ✓ Matches build pattern"
+              fi
+              
+              # Dtest pattern: ^(?!test(.py|\/)|dist\/docker\/|dist\/common\/scripts\/).*$
+              # Everything except test files, dist/docker/, dist/common/scripts/
+              if [[ ! "$file" =~ ^test\.(py|/).*$ ]] && [[ ! "$file" =~ ^dist/docker/.*$ ]] && [[ ! "$file" =~ ^dist/common/scripts/.*$ ]]; then
+                REQUIRE_DTEST="true"
+                echo "  ✓ Matches dtest pattern"
+              fi
+              
+              # Unittest pattern: ^(?!dist\/docker\/|dist\/common\/scripts).*$
+              # Everything except dist/docker/, dist/common/scripts/
+              if [[ ! "$file" =~ ^dist/docker/.*$ ]] && [[ ! "$file" =~ ^dist/common/scripts.*$ ]]; then
+                REQUIRE_UNITTEST="true"
+                echo "  ✓ Matches unittest pattern"
+              fi
+              
+              # Artifacts pattern: ^(?:dist|tools\/toolchain).*$
+              # Files starting with dist or tools/toolchain
+              if [[ "$file" =~ ^dist.*$ ]] || [[ "$file" =~ ^tools/toolchain.*$ ]]; then
+                REQUIRE_ARTIFACTS="true"
+                echo "  ✓ Matches artifacts pattern"
+              fi
+              
+              # Scylla GDB pattern: ^(scylla-gdb.py).*$
+              # Files starting with scylla-gdb.py
+              if [[ "$file" =~ ^scylla-gdb\.py.*$ ]]; then
+                REQUIRE_SCYLLA_GDB="true"
+                echo "  ✓ Matches scylla_gdb pattern"
+              fi
+            fi
+          done <<< "$CHANGED_FILES"
+          
+          # Set environment variables
+          echo "requireBuild=$REQUIRE_BUILD" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "requireDtest=$REQUIRE_DTEST" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "requireUnittest=$REQUIRE_UNITTEST" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "requireArtifacts=$REQUIRE_ARTIFACTS" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "requireScyllaGdb=$REQUIRE_SCYLLA_GDB" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          
+          echo ""
+          echo "✅ Rule 3: File analysis complete"
+          echo "Build required: $REQUIRE_BUILD"
+          echo "Dtest required: $REQUIRE_DTEST"
+          echo "Unittest required: $REQUIRE_UNITTEST"
+          echo "Artifacts required: $REQUIRE_ARTIFACTS"
+          echo "Scylla GDB required: $REQUIRE_SCYLLA_GDB"
+
+      - name: Determine Jenkins Job Name
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${{ github.ref_name }}" == "next" ]]; then
+            FOLDER_NAME="scylla-master"
+          elif [[ "${{ github.ref_name }}" == "next-enterprise" ]]; then
+            FOLDER_NAME="scylla-enterprise"
+          else
+            VERSION=$(echo "${{ github.ref_name }}" | awk -F'-' '{print $2}')
+            if [[ "$VERSION" =~ ^202[0-4]\.[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+              FOLDER_NAME="enterprise-$VERSION"
+            elif [[ "$VERSION" =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+              FOLDER_NAME="scylla-$VERSION"
+            fi
+          fi
+          echo "JOB_NAME=${FOLDER_NAME}/job/scylla-ci" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Trigger Jenkins Job
+        if: env.draft_or_conflict == 'false' && env.has_file_changes == 'true' && github.action == 'opened' || github.action == 'reopened'
+        env:
+          JENKINS_USER: ${{ secrets.JENKINS_USERNAME }}
+          JENKINS_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.JENKINS_TOKEN }}
+          JENKINS_URL: "https://jenkins.scylladb.com"
+          SLACK_BOT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BOT_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          PR_NUMBER=${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+          PR_REPO_NAME=${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}
+          echo "Triggering Jenkins Job: $JOB_NAME"
+          curl -X POST \
+            "$JENKINS_URL/job/$JOB_NAME/buildWithParameters? \
+            PR_NUMBER=$PR_NUMBER& \
+            RUN_DTEST=$REQUIRE_DTEST& \
+            RUN_ONLY_SCYLLA_GDB=$REQUIRE_SCYLLA_GDB& \
+            RUN_UNIT_TEST=$REQUIRE_UNITTEST& \
+            FORCE_ON_CLOUD=$HAS_FORCE_ON_CLOUD_LABEL& \
+            SKIP_UNIT_TEST_CUSTOM=$SKIP_UNIT_TEST_CUSTOM& \
+            RUN_ARTIFACT_TESTS=$REQUIRE_ARTIFACTS" \
+            --fail \
+            --user "$JENKINS_USER:$JENKINS_API_TOKEN" \
+            -i -v
+  trigger-ci-via-comment:
+    if: github.event.comment.user.login != 'scylladbbot' && contains(github.event.comment.body, '@scylladbbot') && contains(github.event.comment.body, 'trigger-ci')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Trigger Scylla-CI Jenkins Job
+        env:
+          JENKINS_USER: ${{ secrets.JENKINS_USERNAME }}
+          JENKINS_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.JENKINS_TOKEN }}
+          JENKINS_URL: "https://jenkins.scylladb.com"
+        run: |
+          PR_NUMBER=${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+          PR_REPO_NAME=${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}
+          curl -X POST "$JENKINS_URL/job/$JOB_NAME/buildWithParameters?PR_NUMBER=$PR_NUMBER" \
+          --user "$JENKINS_USER:$JENKINS_API_TOKEN" --fail -i -v

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ include(limit_jobs)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD "23" CACHE INTERNAL "")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS ON CACHE INTERNAL "")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_SCAN_FOR_MODULES OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
-set(CMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET hidden)
+set(CMAKE_VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN ON)
 
 if(is_multi_config)
     find_package(Seastar)
@@ -90,13 +90,13 @@ if(is_multi_config)
     add_dependencies(Seastar::seastar_testing Seastar)
 else()
     set(Seastar_TESTING ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
-    set(Seastar_API_LEVEL 8 CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
+    set(Seastar_API_LEVEL 9 CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
     set(Seastar_DEPRECATED_OSTREAM_FORMATTERS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
     set(Seastar_APPS ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
     set(Seastar_EXCLUDE_APPS_FROM_ALL ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
     set(Seastar_EXCLUDE_TESTS_FROM_ALL ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
     set(Seastar_IO_URING ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
-    set(Seastar_SCHEDULING_GROUPS_COUNT 20 CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
+    set(Seastar_SCHEDULING_GROUPS_COUNT 21 CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
     set(Seastar_UNUSED_RESULT_ERROR ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
     add_subdirectory(seastar)
     target_compile_definitions (seastar
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ list(APPEND absl_cxx_flags
 if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
     list(APPEND ABSL_GCC_FLAGS ${absl_cxx_flags})
 elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
+    list(APPEND absl_cxx_flags "-Wno-deprecated-builtins")
     list(APPEND ABSL_LLVM_FLAGS ${absl_cxx_flags})
 endif()
 set(ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS
@@ -163,7 +164,45 @@ file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${scylla_gen_build_dir}")
 include(add_version_library)
 generate_scylla_version()
 
+option(Scylla_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER "Use precompiled header for Scylla" ON)
+add_library(scylla-precompiled-header STATIC exported_templates.cc)
+target_link_libraries(scylla-precompiled-header PRIVATE
+    absl::headers
+    absl::btree
+    absl::hash
+    absl::raw_hash_set
+    Seastar::seastar
+    Snappy::snappy
+    systemd
+    ZLIB::ZLIB
+    lz4::lz4_static
+    zstd::zstd_static)
+if (Scylla_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER)
+  set(Scylla_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_USE ON)
+  find_program(DISTCC_EXEC NAMES distcc OPTIONAL)
+  if (DISTCC_EXEC)
+    if(DEFINED ENV{DISTCC_HOSTS})
+      set(Scylla_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_USE OFF)
+      message(STATUS "Disabling precompiled header usage because distcc exists and DISTCC_HOSTS is set, assuming you're using distributed compilation.")
+    else()
+      file(REAL_PATH "~/.distcc/hosts" DIST_CC_HOSTS_PATH EXPAND_TILDE)
+      if (EXISTS ${DIST_CC_HOSTS_PATH})
+        set(Scylla_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_USE OFF)
+        message(STATUS "Disabling precompiled header usage because distcc and ~/.distcc/hosts exists, assuming you're using distributed compilation.")
+      endif()
+    endif()
+  endif()
+  if (Scylla_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_USE)
+    message(STATUS "Using precompiled header for Scylla - remember to add `sloppiness = pch_defines,time_macros` to ccache.conf, if you're using ccache.")
+    target_precompile_headers(scylla-precompiled-header PRIVATE "stdafx.hh")
+    target_compile_definitions(scylla-precompiled-header PRIVATE SCYLLA_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER)
+  endif()
+else()
+  set(Scylla_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_USE OFF)
+endif()
+
 add_library(scylla-main STATIC)
+
 target_sources(scylla-main
   PRIVATE
     absl-flat_hash_map.cc
@@ -178,7 +217,6 @@ target_sources(scylla-main
     mutation_query.cc
     node_ops/task_manager_module.cc
     partition_slice_builder.cc
-    querier.cc
     query/query.cc
     query_ranges_to_vnodes.cc
     query/query-result-set.cc
@@ -209,6 +247,7 @@ target_link_libraries(scylla-main
     ZLIB::ZLIB
     lz4::lz4_static
     zstd::zstd_static
+    scylla-precompiled-header
 )
 
 option(Scylla_CHECK_HEADERS
@@ -261,7 +300,6 @@ add_subdirectory(locator)
 add_subdirectory(message)
 add_subdirectory(mutation)
 add_subdirectory(mutation_writer)
-add_subdirectory(node_ops)
 add_subdirectory(readers)
 add_subdirectory(replica)
 add_subdirectory(raft)

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Please use the [issue tracker](https://github.com/scylladb/scylla/issues/) to re
 
 ## Contributing code to Scylla
 
-Before you can contribute code to Scylla for the first time, you should sign the [Contributor License Agreement](https://www.scylladb.com/open-source/contributor-agreement/) and send the signed form cla@scylladb.com. You can then submit your changes as patches to the [scylladb-dev mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/scylladb-dev) or as a pull request to the [Scylla project on github](https://github.com/scylladb/scylla).
+Before you can contribute code to Scylla for the first time, you should sign the [Contributor License Agreement](https://www.scylladb.com/open-source/contributor-agreement/) and send the signed form to cla@scylladb.com. You can then submit your changes as patches to the [scylladb-dev mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/scylladb-dev) or as a pull request to the [Scylla project on github](https://github.com/scylladb/scylla).
 If you need help formatting or sending patches, [check out these instructions](https://github.com/scylladb/scylla/wiki/Formatting-and-sending-patches).
 
 The Scylla C++ source code uses the [Seastar coding style](https://github.com/scylladb/seastar/blob/master/coding-style.md) so please adhere to that in your patches. Note that Scylla code is written with `using namespace seastar`, so should not explicitly add the `seastar::` prefix to Seastar symbols. You will usually not need to add `using namespace seastar` to new source files, because most Scylla header files have `#include "seastarx.hh"`, which does this.

HACKING.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ $ ./tools/toolchain/dbuild ninja build/release/scylla
 $ ./tools/toolchain/dbuild ./build/release/scylla --developer-mode 1
 ```
 
-Note: do not mix environemtns - either perform all your work with dbuild, or natively on the host.
+Note: do not mix environments - either perform all your work with dbuild, or natively on the host.
 Note2: you can get to an interactive shell within dbuild by running it without any parameters:
 ```bash
 $ ./tools/toolchain/dbuild
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ You can also specify a single mode. For example
 $ ninja-build release
 ```
 
-Will build everytihng in release mode. The valid modes are
+Will build everything in release mode. The valid modes are
 
 * Debug: Enables [AddressSanitizer](https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer)
   and other sanity checks. It has no optimizations, which allows for debugging with tools like
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ avoid that the gold linker can be told to create an index with
 
 More info at https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/DebugFission.
 
-Both options can be enable by passing `--split-dwarf` to configure.py.
+Both options can be enabled by passing `--split-dwarf` to configure.py.
 
 Note that distcc is *not* compatible with it, but icecream
 (https://github.com/icecc/icecream) is.
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ Note that distcc is *not* compatible with it, but icecream
 
 Sometimes Scylla development is closely tied with a feature being developed in Seastar. It can be useful to compile Scylla with a particular check-out of Seastar.
 
-One way to do this it to create a local remote for the Seastar submodule in the Scylla repository:
+One way to do this is to create a local remote for the Seastar submodule in the Scylla repository:
 
 ```bash
 $ cd $HOME/src/scylla

README.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Scylla is fairly fussy about its build environment, requiring very recent
 versions of the C++23 compiler and of many libraries to build. The document
 [HACKING.md](HACKING.md) includes detailed information on building and
 developing Scylla, but to get Scylla building quickly on (almost) any build
-machine, Scylla offers a [frozen toolchain](tools/toolchain/README.md),
+machine, Scylla offers a [frozen toolchain](tools/toolchain/README.md).
 This is a pre-configured Docker image which includes recent versions of all
 the required compilers, libraries and build tools. Using the frozen toolchain
 allows you to avoid changing anything in your build machine to meet Scylla's
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ For further information, please see:
 
 [developer documentation]: HACKING.md
 [build documentation]: docs/dev/building.md
-[docker image build documentation]: dist/docker/debian/README.md
+[docker image build documentation]: dist/docker/redhat/README.md
 
 ## Running Scylla
 

SCYLLA-VERSION-GEN

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ fi
 
 # Default scylla product/version tags
 PRODUCT=scylla
-VERSION=2025.4.0-dev
+VERSION=2026.2.0-dev
 
 if test -f version
 then

alternator/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ target_sources(alternator
     consumed_capacity.cc
     ttl.cc
     parsed_expression_cache.cc
+    http_compression.cc
     ${cql_grammar_srcs})
 target_include_directories(alternator
   PUBLIC
@@ -34,5 +35,8 @@ target_link_libraries(alternator
     idl
     absl::headers)
 
+if (Scylla_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_USE)
+  target_precompile_headers(alternator REUSE_FROM scylla-precompiled-header)
+endif()
 check_headers(check-headers alternator
   GLOB_RECURSE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.hh)

alternator/auth.cc

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "utils/log.hh"
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
-#include "bytes.hh"
 #include "alternator/auth.hh"
 #include <fmt/format.h>
 #include "auth/password_authenticator.hh"

alternator/conditions.cc

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ comparison_operator_type get_comparison_operator(const rjson::value& comparison_
     if (!comparison_operator.IsString()) {
         throw api_error::validation(fmt::format("Invalid comparison operator definition {}", rjson::print(comparison_operator)));
     }
-    std::string op = comparison_operator.GetString();
+    std::string op = rjson::to_string(comparison_operator);
     auto it = ops.find(op);
     if (it == ops.end()) {
         throw api_error::validation(fmt::format("Unsupported comparison operator {}", op));
@@ -377,8 +377,8 @@ bool check_compare(const rjson::value* v1, const rjson::value& v2, const Compara
         return cmp(unwrap_number(*v1, cmp.diagnostic), unwrap_number(v2, cmp.diagnostic));
     }
     if (kv1.name == "S") {
-        return cmp(std::string_view(kv1.value.GetString(), kv1.value.GetStringLength()),
-                   std::string_view(kv2.value.GetString(), kv2.value.GetStringLength()));
+        return cmp(rjson::to_string_view(kv1.value),
+                   rjson::to_string_view(kv2.value));
     }
     if (kv1.name == "B") {
         auto d_kv1 = unwrap_bytes(kv1.value, v1_from_query);
@@ -470,9 +470,9 @@ static bool check_BETWEEN(const rjson::value* v, const rjson::value& lb, const r
         return check_BETWEEN(unwrap_number(*v, diag), unwrap_number(lb, diag), unwrap_number(ub, diag), bounds_from_query);
     }
     if (kv_v.name == "S") {
-        return check_BETWEEN(std::string_view(kv_v.value.GetString(), kv_v.value.GetStringLength()),
-                             std::string_view(kv_lb.value.GetString(), kv_lb.value.GetStringLength()),
-                             std::string_view(kv_ub.value.GetString(), kv_ub.value.GetStringLength()),
+        return check_BETWEEN(rjson::to_string_view(kv_v.value),
+                             rjson::to_string_view(kv_lb.value),
+                             rjson::to_string_view(kv_ub.value),
                              bounds_from_query);
     }
     if (kv_v.name == "B") {
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ conditional_operator_type get_conditional_operator(const rjson::value& req) {
 // Check if the existing values of the item (previous_item) match the
 // conditions given by the Expected and ConditionalOperator parameters
 // (if they exist) in the request (an UpdateItem, PutItem or DeleteItem).
-// This function can throw an ValidationException API error if there
+// This function can throw a ValidationException API error if there
 // are errors in the format of the condition itself.
 bool verify_expected(const rjson::value& req, const rjson::value* previous_item) {
     const rjson::value* expected = rjson::find(req, "Expected");

alternator/consumed_capacity.cc

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 
 #include "consumed_capacity.hh"
 #include "error.hh"
+#include "utils/rjson.hh"
+#include <fmt/format.h>
 
 namespace alternator {
 
@@ -32,18 +34,18 @@ bool consumed_capacity_counter::should_add_capacity(const rjson::value& request)
     if (!return_consumed->IsString()) {
         throw api_error::validation("Non-string ReturnConsumedCapacity field in request");
     }
-    std::string consumed = return_consumed->GetString();
+    std::string_view consumed = rjson::to_string_view(*return_consumed);
     if (consumed == "INDEXES") {
         throw api_error::validation("INDEXES consumed capacity is not supported");
     }
     if (consumed != "TOTAL") {
-        throw api_error::validation("Unknown consumed capacity "+ consumed);
+        throw api_error::validation(fmt::format("Unknown consumed capacity {}", consumed));
     }
     return true;
 }
 
 void consumed_capacity_counter::add_consumed_capacity_to_response_if_needed(rjson::value& response) const noexcept {
-    if (_should_add_to_reponse) {
+    if (_should_add_to_response) {
         auto consumption = rjson::empty_object();
         rjson::add(consumption, "CapacityUnits", get_consumed_capacity_units());
         rjson::add(response, "ConsumedCapacity", std::move(consumption));

alternator/consumed_capacity.hh

@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ namespace alternator {
 class consumed_capacity_counter {
 public:
     consumed_capacity_counter() = default;
-    consumed_capacity_counter(bool should_add_to_reponse) : _should_add_to_reponse(should_add_to_reponse){}
+    consumed_capacity_counter(bool should_add_to_response) : _should_add_to_response(should_add_to_response){}
     bool operator()() const noexcept {
-        return _should_add_to_reponse;
+        return _should_add_to_response;
     }
 
     consumed_capacity_counter& operator +=(uint64_t bytes);
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public:
     uint64_t _total_bytes = 0;
     static bool should_add_capacity(const rjson::value& request);
 protected:
-    bool _should_add_to_reponse = false;
+    bool _should_add_to_response = false;
 };
 
 class rcu_consumed_capacity_counter : public consumed_capacity_counter {

alternator/controller.cc

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ static logging::logger logger("alternator_controller");
 controller::controller(
         sharded<gms::gossiper>& gossiper,
         sharded<service::storage_proxy>& proxy,
+        sharded<service::storage_service>& ss,
         sharded<service::migration_manager>& mm,
         sharded<db::system_distributed_keyspace>& sys_dist_ks,
         sharded<cdc::generation_service>& cdc_gen_svc,
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ controller::controller(
     : protocol_server(sg)
     , _gossiper(gossiper)
     , _proxy(proxy)
+    , _ss(ss)
     , _mm(mm)
     , _sys_dist_ks(sys_dist_ks)
     , _cdc_gen_svc(cdc_gen_svc)
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ future<> controller::start_server() {
         auto get_timeout_in_ms = [] (const db::config& cfg) -> utils::updateable_value<uint32_t> {
             return cfg.alternator_timeout_in_ms;
         };
-        _executor.start(std::ref(_gossiper), std::ref(_proxy), std::ref(_mm), std::ref(_sys_dist_ks),
+        _executor.start(std::ref(_gossiper), std::ref(_proxy), std::ref(_ss), std::ref(_mm), std::ref(_sys_dist_ks),
                         sharded_parameter(get_cdc_metadata, std::ref(_cdc_gen_svc)), _ssg.value(),
                         sharded_parameter(get_timeout_in_ms, std::ref(_config))).get();
         _server.start(std::ref(_executor), std::ref(_proxy), std::ref(_gossiper), std::ref(_auth_service), std::ref(_sl_controller)).get();
@@ -103,11 +105,23 @@ future<> controller::start_server() {
             alternator_port = _config.alternator_port();
             _listen_addresses.push_back({addr, *alternator_port});
         }
+        std::optional<uint16_t> alternator_port_proxy_protocol;
+        if (_config.alternator_port_proxy_protocol()) {
+            alternator_port_proxy_protocol = _config.alternator_port_proxy_protocol();
+            _listen_addresses.push_back({addr, *alternator_port_proxy_protocol});
+        }
         std::optional<uint16_t> alternator_https_port;
+        std::optional<uint16_t> alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol;
         std::optional<tls::credentials_builder> creds;
-        if (_config.alternator_https_port()) {
-            alternator_https_port = _config.alternator_https_port();
-            _listen_addresses.push_back({addr, *alternator_https_port});
+        if (_config.alternator_https_port() || _config.alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol()) {
+            if (_config.alternator_https_port()) {
+                alternator_https_port = _config.alternator_https_port();
+                _listen_addresses.push_back({addr, *alternator_https_port});
+            }
+            if (_config.alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol()) {
+                alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol = _config.alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol();
+                _listen_addresses.push_back({addr, *alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol});
+            }
             creds.emplace();
             auto opts = _config.alternator_encryption_options();
             if (opts.empty()) {
@@ -133,18 +147,29 @@ future<> controller::start_server() {
             }
         }
         _server.invoke_on_all(
-                [this, addr, alternator_port, alternator_https_port, creds = std::move(creds)] (server& server) mutable {
-            return server.init(addr, alternator_port, alternator_https_port, creds,
+                [this, addr, alternator_port, alternator_https_port, alternator_port_proxy_protocol, alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol, creds = std::move(creds)] (server& server) mutable {
+            return server.init(addr, alternator_port, alternator_https_port, alternator_port_proxy_protocol, alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol, creds,
                     _config.alternator_enforce_authorization,
+                    _config.alternator_warn_authorization,
+                    _config.alternator_max_users_query_size_in_trace_output,
                     &_memory_limiter.local().get_semaphore(),
                     _config.max_concurrent_requests_per_shard);
-        }).handle_exception([this, addr, alternator_port, alternator_https_port] (std::exception_ptr ep) {
-            logger.error("Failed to set up Alternator HTTP server on {} port {}, TLS port {}: {}",
-                    addr, alternator_port ? std::to_string(*alternator_port) : "OFF", alternator_https_port ? std::to_string(*alternator_https_port) : "OFF", ep);
+        }).handle_exception([this, addr, alternator_port, alternator_https_port, alternator_port_proxy_protocol, alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol] (std::exception_ptr ep) {
+            logger.error("Failed to set up Alternator HTTP server on {} port {}, TLS port {}, proxy-protocol port {}, TLS proxy-protocol port {}: {}",
+                    addr,
+                    alternator_port ? std::to_string(*alternator_port) : "OFF",
+                    alternator_https_port ? std::to_string(*alternator_https_port) : "OFF",
+                    alternator_port_proxy_protocol ? std::to_string(*alternator_port_proxy_protocol) : "OFF",
+                    alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol ? std::to_string(*alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol) : "OFF",
+                    ep);
             return stop_server().then([ep = std::move(ep)] { return make_exception_future<>(ep); });
-        }).then([addr, alternator_port, alternator_https_port] {
-            logger.info("Alternator server listening on {}, HTTP port {}, HTTPS port {}",
-                    addr, alternator_port ? std::to_string(*alternator_port) : "OFF", alternator_https_port ? std::to_string(*alternator_https_port) : "OFF");
+        }).then([addr, alternator_port, alternator_https_port, alternator_port_proxy_protocol, alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol] {
+            logger.info("Alternator server listening on {}, HTTP port {}, HTTPS port {}, proxy-protocol port {}, TLS proxy-protocol port {}",
+                    addr,
+                    alternator_port ? std::to_string(*alternator_port) : "OFF",
+                    alternator_https_port ? std::to_string(*alternator_https_port) : "OFF",
+                    alternator_port_proxy_protocol ? std::to_string(*alternator_port_proxy_protocol) : "OFF",
+                    alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol ? std::to_string(*alternator_https_port_proxy_protocol) : "OFF");
         }).get();
     });
 }
@@ -167,7 +192,7 @@ future<> controller::request_stop_server() {
     });
 }
 
-future<utils::chunked_vector<client_data>> controller::get_client_data() {
+future<utils::chunked_vector<foreign_ptr<std::unique_ptr<client_data>>>> controller::get_client_data() {
     return _server.local().get_client_data();
 }
 

alternator/controller.hh

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 namespace service {
 class storage_proxy;
+class storage_service;
 class migration_manager;
 class memory_limiter;
 }
@@ -57,6 +58,7 @@ class server;
 class controller : public protocol_server {
     sharded<gms::gossiper>& _gossiper;
     sharded<service::storage_proxy>& _proxy;
+    sharded<service::storage_service>& _ss;
     sharded<service::migration_manager>& _mm;
     sharded<db::system_distributed_keyspace>& _sys_dist_ks;
     sharded<cdc::generation_service>& _cdc_gen_svc;
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ public:
     controller(
         sharded<gms::gossiper>& gossiper,
         sharded<service::storage_proxy>& proxy,
+        sharded<service::storage_service>& ss,
         sharded<service::migration_manager>& mm,
         sharded<db::system_distributed_keyspace>& sys_dist_ks,
         sharded<cdc::generation_service>& cdc_gen_svc,
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ public:
     // This virtual function is called (on each shard separately) when the
     // virtual table "system.clients" is read. It is expected to generate a
     // list of clients connected to this server (on this shard).
-    virtual future<utils::chunked_vector<client_data>> get_client_data() override;
+    virtual future<utils::chunked_vector<foreign_ptr<std::unique_ptr<client_data>>>> get_client_data() override;
 };
 
 }

alternator/error.hh

@@ -94,6 +94,9 @@ public:
     static api_error internal(std::string msg) {
         return api_error("InternalServerError", std::move(msg), http::reply::status_type::internal_server_error);
     }
+    static api_error payload_too_large(std::string msg) {
+        return api_error("PayloadTooLarge", std::move(msg), status_type::payload_too_large);
+    }
 
     // Provide the "std::exception" interface, to make it easier to print this
     // exception in log messages. Note that this function is *not* used to

alternator/executor.hh

@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@
 #include "service/client_state.hh"
 #include "service_permit.hh"
 #include "db/timeout_clock.hh"
+#include "db/config.hh"
 
 #include "alternator/error.hh"
 #include "stats.hh"
 #include "utils/rjson.hh"
 #include "utils/updateable_value.hh"
+#include "utils/simple_value_with_expiry.hh"
 
 #include "tracing/trace_state.hh"
 
@@ -40,6 +42,8 @@ namespace cql3::selection {
 
 namespace service {
     class storage_proxy;
+    class cas_shard;
+    class storage_service;
 }
 
 namespace cdc {
@@ -56,7 +60,9 @@ class schema_builder;
 
 namespace alternator {
 
+enum class table_status;
 class rmw_operation;
+class put_or_delete_item;
 
 schema_ptr get_table(service::storage_proxy& proxy, const rjson::value& request);
 bool is_alternator_keyspace(const sstring& ks_name);
@@ -134,17 +140,24 @@ class expression_cache;
 
 class executor : public peering_sharded_service<executor> {
     gms::gossiper& _gossiper;
+    service::storage_service& _ss;
     service::storage_proxy& _proxy;
     service::migration_manager& _mm;
     db::system_distributed_keyspace& _sdks;
     cdc::metadata& _cdc_metadata;
     utils::updateable_value<bool> _enforce_authorization;
+    utils::updateable_value<bool> _warn_authorization;
     // An smp_service_group to be used for limiting the concurrency when
     // forwarding Alternator request between shards - if necessary for LWT.
     smp_service_group _ssg;
 
     std::unique_ptr<parsed::expression_cache> _parsed_expression_cache;
 
+    struct describe_table_info_manager;
+    std::unique_ptr<describe_table_info_manager> _describe_table_info_manager;
+
+    future<> cache_newly_calculated_size_on_all_shards(schema_ptr schema, std::uint64_t size_in_bytes, std::chrono::nanoseconds ttl);
+    future<> fill_table_size(rjson::value &table_description, schema_ptr schema, bool deleting);
 public:
     using client_state = service::client_state;
     // request_return_type is the return type of the executor methods, which
@@ -170,6 +183,7 @@ public:
 
     executor(gms::gossiper& gossiper,
              service::storage_proxy& proxy,
+             service::storage_service& ss,
              service::migration_manager& mm,
              db::system_distributed_keyspace& sdks,
              cdc::metadata& cdc_metadata,
@@ -217,6 +231,18 @@ private:
     friend class rmw_operation;
 
     static void describe_key_schema(rjson::value& parent, const schema&, std::unordered_map<std::string,std::string> * = nullptr, const std::map<sstring, sstring> *tags = nullptr);
+    future<rjson::value> fill_table_description(schema_ptr schema, table_status tbl_status, service::client_state& client_state, tracing::trace_state_ptr trace_state, service_permit permit);
+    future<executor::request_return_type> create_table_on_shard0(service::client_state&& client_state, tracing::trace_state_ptr trace_state, rjson::value request, bool enforce_authorization, bool warn_authorization, const db::tablets_mode_t::mode tablets_mode);
+
+    future<> do_batch_write(
+        std::vector<std::pair<schema_ptr, put_or_delete_item>> mutation_builders,
+        service::client_state& client_state,
+        tracing::trace_state_ptr trace_state,
+        service_permit permit);
+
+    future<> cas_write(schema_ptr schema, service::cas_shard cas_shard, const dht::decorated_key& dk,
+        const std::vector<put_or_delete_item>& mutation_builders, service::client_state& client_state,
+        tracing::trace_state_ptr trace_state, service_permit permit);
 
 public:
     static void describe_key_schema(rjson::value& parent, const schema& schema, std::unordered_map<std::string,std::string>&, const std::map<sstring, sstring> *tags = nullptr);
@@ -228,12 +254,15 @@ public:
         const std::optional<attrs_to_get>&,
         uint64_t* = nullptr);
 
+    // Converts a multi-row selection result to JSON compatible with DynamoDB.
+    // For each row, this method calls item_callback, which takes the size of
+    // the item as the parameter.
     static future<std::vector<rjson::value>> describe_multi_item(schema_ptr schema,
         const query::partition_slice&& slice,
         shared_ptr<cql3::selection::selection> selection,
         foreign_ptr<lw_shared_ptr<query::result>> query_result,
         shared_ptr<const std::optional<attrs_to_get>> attrs_to_get,
-        uint64_t& rcu_half_units);
+        noncopyable_function<void(uint64_t)> item_callback = {});
 
     static void describe_single_item(const cql3::selection::selection&,
         const std::vector<managed_bytes_opt>&,
@@ -261,7 +290,7 @@ bool is_big(const rjson::value& val, int big_size = 100'000);
 // Check CQL's Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) permission (MODIFY,
 // SELECT, DROP, etc.) on the given table. When permission is denied an
 // appropriate user-readable api_error::access_denied is thrown.
-future<> verify_permission(bool enforce_authorization, const service::client_state&, const schema_ptr&, auth::permission);
+future<> verify_permission(bool enforce_authorization, bool warn_authorization, const service::client_state&, const schema_ptr&, auth::permission, alternator::stats& stats);
 
 /**
  * Make return type for serializing the object "streamed",

alternator/expressions_types.hh

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public:
         _operators.emplace_back(i);
         check_depth_limit();
     }
-    void add_dot(std::string(name)) {
+    void add_dot(std::string name) {
         _operators.emplace_back(std::move(name));
         check_depth_limit();
     }
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ struct constant {
     }
 };
 
-// "value" is is a value used in the right hand side of an assignment
+// "value" is a value used in the right hand side of an assignment
 // expression, "SET a = ...". It can be a constant (a reference to a value
 // included in the request, e.g., ":val"), a path to an attribute from the
 // existing item (e.g., "a.b[3].c"), or a function of other such values.
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ public:
 // The supported primitive conditions are:
 // 1. Binary operators - v1 OP v2, where OP is =, <>, <, <=, >, or >= and
 //    v1 and v2 are values - from the item (an attribute path), the query
-//    (a ":val" reference), or a function of the the above (only the size()
+//    (a ":val" reference), or a function of the above (only the size()
 //    function is supported).
 // 2. Ternary operator - v1 BETWEEN v2 and v3 (means v1 >= v2 AND v1 <= v3).
 // 3. N-ary operator - v1 IN ( v2, v3, ... )

alternator/http_compression.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025-present ScyllaDB
+ */
+
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
+ */
+
+#include "alternator/http_compression.hh"
+#include "alternator/server.hh"
+#include <seastar/coroutine/maybe_yield.hh>
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+static logging::logger slogger("alternator-http-compression");
+
+namespace alternator {
+
+
+static constexpr size_t compressed_buffer_size = 1024;
+class zlib_compressor {
+    z_stream _zs;
+    temporary_buffer<char> _output_buf;
+    noncopyable_function<future<>(temporary_buffer<char>&&)> _write_func;
+public:
+    zlib_compressor(bool gzip, int compression_level, noncopyable_function<future<>(temporary_buffer<char>&&)> write_func)
+     : _write_func(std::move(write_func)) {
+        memset(&_zs, 0, sizeof(_zs));
+        if (deflateInit2(&_zs, std::clamp(compression_level, Z_NO_COMPRESSION, Z_BEST_COMPRESSION), Z_DEFLATED,
+                (gzip ? 16 : 0) + MAX_WBITS, 8, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY) != Z_OK) {
+            // Should only happen if memory allocation fails
+            throw std::bad_alloc();
+        }
+    }
+    ~zlib_compressor() {
+        deflateEnd(&_zs);
+    }
+    future<> close() {
+        return compress(nullptr, 0, true);
+    }
+
+    future<> compress(const char* buf, size_t len, bool is_last_chunk = false) {
+        _zs.next_in = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(const_cast<char*>(buf));
+        _zs.avail_in = (uInt) len;
+        int mode = is_last_chunk ? Z_FINISH : Z_NO_FLUSH;
+        while(_zs.avail_in > 0 || is_last_chunk) {
+            co_await coroutine::maybe_yield();
+            if (_output_buf.empty()) {
+                if (is_last_chunk) {
+                    uint32_t max_buffer_size = 0;
+                    deflatePending(&_zs, &max_buffer_size, nullptr);
+                    max_buffer_size += deflateBound(&_zs, _zs.avail_in) + 1;
+                    _output_buf = temporary_buffer<char>(std::min(compressed_buffer_size, (size_t) max_buffer_size));
+                } else {
+                    _output_buf = temporary_buffer<char>(compressed_buffer_size);
+                }
+                _zs.next_out = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(_output_buf.get_write());
+                _zs.avail_out = compressed_buffer_size;
+            }
+            int e = deflate(&_zs, mode);
+            if (e < Z_OK) {
+                throw api_error::internal("Error during compression of response body");
+            }
+            if (e == Z_STREAM_END || _zs.avail_out < compressed_buffer_size / 4) {
+                _output_buf.trim(compressed_buffer_size - _zs.avail_out);
+                co_await _write_func(std::move(_output_buf));
+                if (e == Z_STREAM_END) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+// Helper string_view functions for parsing Accept-Encoding header
+struct case_insensitive_cmp_sv {
+    bool operator()(std::string_view s1, std::string_view s2) const {
+        return std::equal(s1.begin(), s1.end(), s2.begin(), s2.end(),
+            [](char a, char b) { return ::tolower(a) == ::tolower(b); });
+    }
+};
+static inline std::string_view trim_left(std::string_view sv) {
+    while (!sv.empty() && std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(sv.front())))
+        sv.remove_prefix(1);
+    return sv;
+}
+static inline std::string_view trim_right(std::string_view sv) {
+    while (!sv.empty() && std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(sv.back())))
+        sv.remove_suffix(1);
+    return sv;
+}
+static inline std::string_view trim(std::string_view sv) {
+    return trim_left(trim_right(sv));
+}
+
+inline std::vector<std::string_view> split(std::string_view text, char separator) {
+    std::vector<std::string_view> tokens;
+    if (text == "") {
+        return tokens;
+    }
+
+    while (true) {
+        auto pos = text.find_first_of(separator);
+        if (pos != std::string_view::npos) {
+            tokens.emplace_back(text.data(), pos);
+            text.remove_prefix(pos + 1);
+        } else {
+            tokens.emplace_back(text);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return tokens;
+}
+
+constexpr response_compressor::compression_type response_compressor::get_compression_type(std::string_view encoding) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::count); ++i) {
+        if (case_insensitive_cmp_sv{}(encoding, compression_names[i])) {
+            return static_cast<compression_type>(i);
+        }
+    }
+    return compression_type::unknown;
+}
+
+response_compressor::compression_type response_compressor::find_compression(std::string_view accept_encoding, size_t response_size) {
+    std::optional<float> ct_q[static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::count)];
+    ct_q[static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::none)] = std::numeric_limits<float>::min(); // enabled, but lowest priority
+    compression_type selected_ct = compression_type::none;
+
+    std::vector<std::string_view> entries = split(accept_encoding, ',');
+    for (auto& e : entries) {
+        std::vector<std::string_view> params = split(e, ';');
+        if (params.size() == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        compression_type ct = get_compression_type(trim(params[0]));
+        if (ct == compression_type::unknown) {
+            continue; // ignore unknown encoding types
+        }
+        if (ct_q[static_cast<size_t>(ct)].has_value() && ct_q[static_cast<size_t>(ct)] != 0.0f) {
+            continue; // already processed this encoding
+        }
+        if (response_size < _threshold[static_cast<size_t>(ct)]) {
+            continue; // below threshold treat as unknown
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < params.size(); ++i) { // find "q=" parameter
+            auto pos = params[i].find("q=");
+            if (pos == std::string_view::npos) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            std::string_view param = params[i].substr(pos + 2);
+            param = trim(param);
+            // parse quality value
+            float q_value = 1.0f;
+            auto [ptr, ec] = std::from_chars(param.data(), param.data() + param.size(), q_value);
+            if (ec != std::errc() || ptr != param.data() + param.size()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (q_value < 0.0) {
+                q_value = 0.0;
+            } else if (q_value > 1.0) {
+                q_value = 1.0;
+            }
+            ct_q[static_cast<size_t>(ct)] = q_value;
+            break; // we parsed quality value
+        }
+        if (!ct_q[static_cast<size_t>(ct)].has_value()) {
+            ct_q[static_cast<size_t>(ct)] = 1.0f; // default quality value
+        }
+        // keep the highest encoding (in the order, unless 'any')
+        if (selected_ct == compression_type::any) {
+            if (ct_q[static_cast<size_t>(ct)] >= ct_q[static_cast<size_t>(selected_ct)]) {
+                selected_ct = ct;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (ct_q[static_cast<size_t>(ct)] > ct_q[static_cast<size_t>(selected_ct)]) {
+                selected_ct = ct;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (selected_ct == compression_type::any) {
+        // select any not mentioned or highest quality
+        selected_ct = compression_type::none;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::compressions_count); ++i) {
+            if (!ct_q[i].has_value()) {
+                return static_cast<compression_type>(i);
+            }
+            if (ct_q[i] > ct_q[static_cast<size_t>(selected_ct)]) {
+                selected_ct = static_cast<compression_type>(i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return selected_ct;
+}
+
+static future<chunked_content> compress(response_compressor::compression_type ct, const db::config& cfg, std::string str) {
+    chunked_content compressed;
+    auto write = [&compressed](temporary_buffer<char>&& buf) -> future<> {
+        compressed.push_back(std::move(buf));
+        return make_ready_future<>();
+    };
+    zlib_compressor compressor(ct != response_compressor::compression_type::deflate,
+        cfg.alternator_response_gzip_compression_level(), std::move(write));
+    co_await compressor.compress(str.data(), str.size(), true);
+    co_return compressed;
+}
+
+static sstring flatten(chunked_content&& cc) {
+    size_t total_size = 0;
+    for (const auto& chunk : cc) {
+        total_size += chunk.size();
+    }
+    sstring result = sstring{ sstring::initialized_later{}, total_size };
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    for (const auto& chunk : cc) {
+        std::copy(chunk.begin(), chunk.end(), result.begin() + offset);
+        offset += chunk.size();
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+future<std::unique_ptr<http::reply>> response_compressor::generate_reply(std::unique_ptr<http::reply> rep, sstring accept_encoding, const char* content_type, std::string&& response_body) {
+    response_compressor::compression_type ct = find_compression(accept_encoding, response_body.size());
+    if (ct != response_compressor::compression_type::none) {
+        rep->add_header("Content-Encoding", get_encoding_name(ct));
+        rep->set_content_type(content_type);
+        return compress(ct, cfg, std::move(response_body)).then([rep = std::move(rep)] (chunked_content compressed) mutable {
+            rep->_content = flatten(std::move(compressed));
+            return make_ready_future<std::unique_ptr<http::reply>>(std::move(rep));
+        });
+    } else {
+        // Note that despite the move, there is a copy here -
+        // as str is std::string and rep->_content is sstring.
+        rep->_content = std::move(response_body);
+        rep->set_content_type(content_type);
+    }
+    return make_ready_future<std::unique_ptr<http::reply>>(std::move(rep));
+}
+
+template<typename Compressor>
+class compressed_data_sink_impl : public data_sink_impl {
+    output_stream<char> _out;
+    Compressor _compressor;
+public:
+    template<typename... Args>
+    compressed_data_sink_impl(output_stream<char>&& out, Args&&... args)
+     : _out(std::move(out)), _compressor(std::forward<Args>(args)..., [this](temporary_buffer<char>&& buf) {
+        return _out.write(std::move(buf));
+    }) { }
+
+    future<> put(std::span<temporary_buffer<char>> data) override {
+        return data_sink_impl::fallback_put(data, [this] (temporary_buffer<char>&& buf) {
+            return do_put(std::move(buf));
+        });
+    }
+
+private:
+    future<> do_put(temporary_buffer<char> buf) {
+        co_return co_await _compressor.compress(buf.get(), buf.size());
+
+    }
+    future<> close() override {
+        return _compressor.close().then([this] {
+            return _out.close();
+        });
+    }
+};
+
+executor::body_writer compress(response_compressor::compression_type ct, const db::config& cfg, executor::body_writer&& bw) {
+    return [bw = std::move(bw), ct, level = cfg.alternator_response_gzip_compression_level()](output_stream<char>&& out) mutable -> future<> {
+        output_stream_options opts;
+        opts.trim_to_size = true;
+        std::unique_ptr<data_sink_impl> data_sink_impl;
+        switch (ct) {
+            case response_compressor::compression_type::gzip:
+                data_sink_impl = std::make_unique<compressed_data_sink_impl<zlib_compressor>>(std::move(out), true, level);
+                break;
+            case response_compressor::compression_type::deflate:
+                data_sink_impl = std::make_unique<compressed_data_sink_impl<zlib_compressor>>(std::move(out), false, level);
+                break;
+            case response_compressor::compression_type::none:
+            case response_compressor::compression_type::any:
+            case response_compressor::compression_type::unknown:
+                on_internal_error(slogger,"Compression not selected");
+            default:
+                on_internal_error(slogger, "Unsupported compression type for data sink");
+        }
+        return bw(output_stream<char>(data_sink(std::move(data_sink_impl)), compressed_buffer_size, opts));
+    };
+}
+
+future<std::unique_ptr<http::reply>> response_compressor::generate_reply(std::unique_ptr<http::reply> rep, sstring accept_encoding, const char* content_type, executor::body_writer&& body_writer) {
+    response_compressor::compression_type ct = find_compression(accept_encoding, std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max());
+    if (ct != response_compressor::compression_type::none) {
+        rep->add_header("Content-Encoding", get_encoding_name(ct));
+        rep->write_body(content_type, compress(ct, cfg, std::move(body_writer)));
+    } else {
+        rep->write_body(content_type, std::move(body_writer));
+    }
+    return make_ready_future<std::unique_ptr<http::reply>>(std::move(rep));
+}
+
+} // namespace alternator

alternator/http_compression.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025-present ScyllaDB
+ */
+
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "alternator/executor.hh"
+#include <seastar/http/httpd.hh>
+#include "db/config.hh"
+
+namespace alternator {
+
+class response_compressor {
+public:
+    enum class compression_type {
+        gzip,
+        deflate,
+        compressions_count,
+        any = compressions_count,
+        none,
+        count,
+        unknown = count
+    };
+    static constexpr std::string_view compression_names[] = {
+        "gzip",
+        "deflate",
+        "*",
+        "identity"
+    };
+
+    static sstring get_encoding_name(compression_type ct) {
+        return sstring(compression_names[static_cast<size_t>(ct)]);
+    }
+    static constexpr compression_type get_compression_type(std::string_view encoding);
+
+    sstring get_accepted_encoding(const http::request& req) {
+        if (get_threshold() == 0) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return req.get_header("Accept-Encoding");
+    }
+    compression_type find_compression(std::string_view accept_encoding, size_t response_size);
+
+    response_compressor(const db::config& cfg)
+        : cfg(cfg)
+        ,_gzip_level_observer(
+            cfg.alternator_response_gzip_compression_level.observe([this](int v) {
+                    update_threshold();
+                }))
+        ,_gzip_threshold_observer(
+            cfg.alternator_response_compression_threshold_in_bytes.observe([this](uint32_t v) {
+                    update_threshold();
+                }))
+    {
+        update_threshold();
+    }
+    response_compressor(const response_compressor& rhs) : response_compressor(rhs.cfg) {}
+
+private:
+    const db::config& cfg;
+    utils::observable<int>::observer _gzip_level_observer;
+    utils::observable<uint32_t>::observer _gzip_threshold_observer;
+    uint32_t _threshold[static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::count)];
+
+    size_t get_threshold() { return _threshold[static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::any)]; }
+    void update_threshold() {
+        _threshold[static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::none)] = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
+        _threshold[static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::any)] = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
+        uint32_t gzip = cfg.alternator_response_gzip_compression_level() <= 0 ? std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()
+            : cfg.alternator_response_compression_threshold_in_bytes();
+        _threshold[static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::gzip)] = gzip;
+        _threshold[static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::deflate)] = gzip;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::compressions_count); ++i) {
+            if (_threshold[i] < _threshold[static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::any)]) {
+                _threshold[static_cast<size_t>(compression_type::any)] = _threshold[i];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+public:
+    future<std::unique_ptr<http::reply>> generate_reply(std::unique_ptr<http::reply> rep,
+         sstring accept_encoding, const char* content_type, std::string&& response_body);
+    future<std::unique_ptr<http::reply>> generate_reply(std::unique_ptr<http::reply> rep,
+         sstring accept_encoding, const char* content_type, executor::body_writer&& body_writer);
+};
+
+}

alternator/rmw_operation.hh

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "cdc/cdc_options.hh"
+#include "cdc/log.hh"
 #include "seastarx.hh"
 #include "service/paxos/cas_request.hh"
 #include "service/cas_shard.hh"
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ public:
     static write_isolation get_write_isolation_for_schema(schema_ptr schema);
 
     static write_isolation default_write_isolation;
-public:
+
     static void set_default_write_isolation(std::string_view mode);
 
 protected:
@@ -107,10 +109,11 @@ public:
     // violating this). We mark apply() "const" to let the compiler validate
     // this for us. The output-only field _return_attributes is marked
     // "mutable" above so that apply() can still write to it.
-    virtual std::optional<mutation> apply(std::unique_ptr<rjson::value> previous_item, api::timestamp_type ts) const = 0;
+    virtual std::optional<mutation> apply(std::unique_ptr<rjson::value> previous_item, api::timestamp_type ts, cdc::per_request_options& cdc_opts) const = 0;
     // Convert the above apply() into the signature needed by cas_request:
-    virtual std::optional<mutation> apply(foreign_ptr<lw_shared_ptr<query::result>> qr, const query::partition_slice& slice, api::timestamp_type ts) override;
+    virtual std::optional<mutation> apply(foreign_ptr<lw_shared_ptr<query::result>> qr, const query::partition_slice& slice, api::timestamp_type ts, cdc::per_request_options& cdc_opts) override;
     virtual ~rmw_operation() = default;
+    const wcu_consumed_capacity_counter& consumed_capacity() const noexcept { return _consumed_capacity; }
     schema_ptr schema() const { return _schema; }
     const rjson::value& request() const { return _request; }
     rjson::value&& move_request() && { return std::move(_request); }
@@ -124,6 +127,9 @@ public:
             stats& per_table_stats,
             uint64_t& wcu_total);
     std::optional<service::cas_shard> shard_for_execute(bool needs_read_before_write);
+
+private:
+    inline bool should_fill_preimage() const { return _schema->cdc_options().enabled(); }
 };
 
 } // namespace alternator

alternator/serialization.cc

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include "serialization.hh"
 #include "error.hh"
 #include "types/concrete_types.hh"
-#include "cql3/type_json.hh"
+#include "types/json_utils.hh"
 #include "mutation/position_in_partition.hh"
 
 static logging::logger slogger("alternator-serialization");
@@ -282,15 +282,23 @@ std::string type_to_string(data_type type) {
     return it->second;
 }
 
-bytes get_key_column_value(const rjson::value& item, const column_definition& column) {
+std::optional<bytes> try_get_key_column_value(const rjson::value& item, const column_definition& column) {
     std::string column_name = column.name_as_text();
     const rjson::value* key_typed_value = rjson::find(item, column_name);
     if (!key_typed_value) {
-        throw api_error::validation(fmt::format("Key column {} not found", column_name));
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
     return get_key_from_typed_value(*key_typed_value, column);
 }
 
+bytes get_key_column_value(const rjson::value& item, const column_definition& column) {
+    auto value = try_get_key_column_value(item, column);
+    if (!value) {
+        throw api_error::validation(fmt::format("Key column {} not found", column.name_as_text()));
+    }
+    return std::move(*value);
+}
+
 // Parses the JSON encoding for a key value, which is a map with a single
 // entry whose key is the type and the value is the encoded value.
 // If this type does not match the desired "type_str", an api_error::validation
@@ -380,20 +388,38 @@ clustering_key ck_from_json(const rjson::value& item, schema_ptr schema) {
         return clustering_key::make_empty();
     }
     std::vector<bytes> raw_ck;
-    // FIXME: this is a loop, but we really allow only one clustering key column.
+    // Note: it's possible to get more than one clustering column here, as
+    // Alternator can be used to read scylla internal tables.
     for (const column_definition& cdef : schema->clustering_key_columns()) {
-        bytes raw_value = get_key_column_value(item,  cdef);
+        auto raw_value = get_key_column_value(item,  cdef);
         raw_ck.push_back(std::move(raw_value));
     }
 
     return clustering_key::from_exploded(raw_ck);
 }
 
-position_in_partition pos_from_json(const rjson::value& item, schema_ptr schema) {
-    auto ck = ck_from_json(item, schema);
-    if (is_alternator_keyspace(schema->ks_name())) {
-        return position_in_partition::for_key(std::move(ck));
+clustering_key_prefix ck_prefix_from_json(const rjson::value& item, schema_ptr schema) {
+    if (schema->clustering_key_size() == 0) {
+        return clustering_key_prefix::make_empty();
     }
+    std::vector<bytes> raw_ck;
+    for (const column_definition& cdef : schema->clustering_key_columns()) {
+        auto raw_value = try_get_key_column_value(item,  cdef);
+        if (!raw_value) {
+            break;
+        }
+        raw_ck.push_back(std::move(*raw_value));
+    }
+
+    return clustering_key_prefix::from_exploded(raw_ck);
+}
+
+position_in_partition pos_from_json(const rjson::value& item, schema_ptr schema) {
+    const bool is_alternator_ks = is_alternator_keyspace(schema->ks_name());
+    if (is_alternator_ks) {
+        return position_in_partition::for_key(ck_from_json(item, schema));
+    }
+    
     const auto region_item = rjson::find(item, scylla_paging_region);
     const auto weight_item = rjson::find(item, scylla_paging_weight);
     if (bool(region_item) != bool(weight_item)) {
@@ -413,8 +439,9 @@ position_in_partition pos_from_json(const rjson::value& item, schema_ptr schema)
         } else {
             throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format("Invalid value for weight: {}", weight_view));
         }
-        return position_in_partition(region, weight, region == partition_region::clustered ? std::optional(std::move(ck)) : std::nullopt);
+        return position_in_partition(region, weight, region == partition_region::clustered ? std::optional(ck_prefix_from_json(item, schema)) : std::nullopt);
     }
+    auto ck = ck_from_json(item, schema);
     if (ck.is_empty()) {
         return position_in_partition::for_partition_start();
     }
@@ -469,7 +496,7 @@ const std::pair<std::string, const rjson::value*> unwrap_set(const rjson::value&
         return {"", nullptr};
     }
     auto it = v.MemberBegin();
-    const std::string it_key = it->name.GetString();
+    const std::string it_key = rjson::to_string(it->name);
     if (it_key != "SS" && it_key != "BS" && it_key != "NS") {
         return {std::move(it_key), nullptr};
     }

alternator/serialization.hh

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ partition_key pk_from_json(const rjson::value& item, schema_ptr schema);
 clustering_key ck_from_json(const rjson::value& item, schema_ptr schema);
 position_in_partition pos_from_json(const rjson::value& item, schema_ptr schema);
 
-// If v encodes a number (i.e., it is a {"N": [...]}, returns an object representing it.  Otherwise,
+// If v encodes a number (i.e., it is a {"N": [...]}), returns an object representing it.  Otherwise,
 // raises ValidationException with diagnostic.
 big_decimal unwrap_number(const rjson::value& v, std::string_view diagnostic);
 

alternator/server.cc

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <seastar/http/function_handlers.hh>
 #include <seastar/http/short_streams.hh>
 #include <seastar/core/coroutine.hh>
+#include <seastar/coroutine/maybe_yield.hh>
 #include <seastar/util/defer.hh>
 #include <seastar/util/short_streams.hh>
 #include "seastarx.hh"
@@ -31,6 +32,9 @@
 #include "utils/overloaded_functor.hh"
 #include "utils/aws_sigv4.hh"
 #include "client_data.hh"
+#include "utils/updateable_value.hh"
+#include <zlib.h>
+#include "alternator/http_compression.hh"
 
 static logging::logger slogger("alternator-server");
 
@@ -108,9 +112,12 @@ class api_handler : public handler_base {
     // type applies to all replies, both success and error.
     static constexpr const char* REPLY_CONTENT_TYPE = "application/x-amz-json-1.0";
 public:
-    api_handler(const std::function<future<executor::request_return_type>(std::unique_ptr<request> req)>& _handle) : _f_handle(
+    api_handler(const std::function<future<executor::request_return_type>(std::unique_ptr<request> req)>& _handle,
+                const db::config& config) : _response_compressor(config), _f_handle(
          [this, _handle](std::unique_ptr<request> req, std::unique_ptr<reply> rep) {
-         return seastar::futurize_invoke(_handle, std::move(req)).then_wrapped([this, rep = std::move(rep)](future<executor::request_return_type> resf) mutable {
+         sstring accept_encoding = _response_compressor.get_accepted_encoding(*req);
+         return seastar::futurize_invoke(_handle, std::move(req)).then_wrapped(
+            [this, rep = std::move(rep), accept_encoding=std::move(accept_encoding)](future<executor::request_return_type> resf) mutable {
              if (resf.failed()) {
                  // Exceptions of type api_error are wrapped as JSON and
                  // returned to the client as expected. Other types of
@@ -130,22 +137,20 @@ public:
                  return make_ready_future<std::unique_ptr<reply>>(std::move(rep));
              }
              auto res = resf.get();
-             std::visit(overloaded_functor {
+             return std::visit(overloaded_functor {
                 [&] (std::string&& str) {
-                    // Note that despite the move, there is a copy here -
-                    // as str is std::string and rep->_content is sstring.
-                    rep->_content = std::move(str);
-                    rep->set_content_type(REPLY_CONTENT_TYPE);
+                    return _response_compressor.generate_reply(std::move(rep), std::move(accept_encoding),
+                                                               REPLY_CONTENT_TYPE, std::move(str));
                 },
                 [&] (executor::body_writer&& body_writer) {
-                    rep->write_body(REPLY_CONTENT_TYPE, std::move(body_writer));
+                    return _response_compressor.generate_reply(std::move(rep), std::move(accept_encoding),
+                                                               REPLY_CONTENT_TYPE, std::move(body_writer));
                 },
                 [&] (const api_error& err) {
                     generate_error_reply(*rep, err);
+                    return make_ready_future<std::unique_ptr<reply>>(std::move(rep));
                 }
              }, std::move(res));
-
-             return make_ready_future<std::unique_ptr<reply>>(std::move(rep));
          });
     }) { }
 
@@ -174,6 +179,7 @@ protected:
         slogger.trace("api_handler error case: {}", rep._content);
     }
 
+    response_compressor _response_compressor;
     future_handler_function _f_handle;
 };
 
@@ -270,24 +276,57 @@ protected:
     }
 };
 
+// This function increments the authentication_failures counter, and may also
+// log a warn-level message and/or throw an exception, depending on what
+// enforce_authorization and warn_authorization are set to.
+// The username and client address are only used for logging purposes -
+// they are not included in the error message returned to the client, since
+// the client knows who it is.
+// Note that if enforce_authorization is false, this function will return
+// without throwing. So a caller that doesn't want to continue after an
+// authentication_error must explicitly return after calling this function.
+template<typename Exception>
+static void authentication_error(alternator::stats& stats, bool enforce_authorization, bool warn_authorization, Exception&& e, std::string_view user, gms::inet_address client_address) {
+    stats.authentication_failures++;
+    if (enforce_authorization) {
+        if (warn_authorization) {
+            slogger.warn("alternator_warn_authorization=true: {} for user {}, client address {}", e.what(), user, client_address);
+        }
+        throw std::move(e);
+    } else {
+        if (warn_authorization) {
+            slogger.warn("If you set alternator_enforce_authorization=true the following will be enforced: {} for user {}, client address {}", e.what(), user, client_address);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 future<std::string> server::verify_signature(const request& req, const chunked_content& content) {
-    if (!_enforce_authorization) {
+    if (!_enforce_authorization.get() && !_warn_authorization.get()) {
         slogger.debug("Skipping authorization");
         return make_ready_future<std::string>();
     }
     auto host_it = req._headers.find("Host");
     if (host_it == req._headers.end()) {
-        throw api_error::invalid_signature("Host header is mandatory for signature verification");
+        authentication_error(_executor._stats, _enforce_authorization.get(), _warn_authorization.get(),
+            api_error::invalid_signature("Host header is mandatory for signature verification"), 
+            "", req.get_client_address());
+        return make_ready_future<std::string>();
     }
     auto authorization_it = req._headers.find("Authorization");
     if (authorization_it == req._headers.end()) {
-        throw api_error::missing_authentication_token("Authorization header is mandatory for signature verification");
+        authentication_error(_executor._stats, _enforce_authorization.get(), _warn_authorization.get(),
+            api_error::missing_authentication_token("Authorization header is mandatory for signature verification"),
+            "", req.get_client_address());
+        return make_ready_future<std::string>();
     }
     std::string host = host_it->second;
     std::string_view authorization_header = authorization_it->second;
     auto pos = authorization_header.find_first_of(' ');
     if (pos == std::string_view::npos || authorization_header.substr(0, pos) != "AWS4-HMAC-SHA256") {
-        throw api_error::invalid_signature(fmt::format("Authorization header must use AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 algorithm: {}", authorization_header));
+        authentication_error(_executor._stats, _enforce_authorization.get(), _warn_authorization.get(),
+            api_error::invalid_signature(fmt::format("Authorization header must use AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 algorithm: {}", authorization_header)),
+            "", req.get_client_address());
+        return make_ready_future<std::string>();
     }
     authorization_header.remove_prefix(pos+1);
     std::string credential;
@@ -322,7 +361,9 @@ future<std::string> server::verify_signature(const request& req, const chunked_c
 
     std::vector<std::string_view> credential_split = split(credential, '/');
     if (credential_split.size() != 5) {
-        throw api_error::validation(fmt::format("Incorrect credential information format: {}", credential));
+        authentication_error(_executor._stats, _enforce_authorization.get(), _warn_authorization.get(),
+            api_error::validation(fmt::format("Incorrect credential information format: {}", credential)), "", req.get_client_address());
+        return make_ready_future<std::string>();
     }
     std::string user(credential_split[0]);
     std::string datestamp(credential_split[1]);
@@ -333,39 +374,81 @@ future<std::string> server::verify_signature(const request& req, const chunked_c
     for (const auto& header : signed_headers) {
         signed_headers_map.emplace(header, std::string_view());
     }
+    std::vector<std::string> modified_values;
     for (auto& header : req._headers) {
         std::string header_str;
         header_str.resize(header.first.size());
         std::transform(header.first.begin(), header.first.end(), header_str.begin(), ::tolower);
         auto it = signed_headers_map.find(header_str);
         if (it != signed_headers_map.end()) {
-            it->second = std::string_view(header.second);
+            // replace multiple spaces in the header value header.second with
+            // a single space, as required by AWS SigV4 header canonization.
+            // If we modify the value, we need to save it in modified_values
+            // to keep it alive.
+            std::string value;
+            value.reserve(header.second.size());
+            bool prev_space = false;
+            bool modified = false;
+            for (char ch : header.second) {
+                if (ch == ' ') {
+                    if (!prev_space) {
+                        value += ch;
+                        prev_space = true;
+                    } else {
+                        modified = true; // skip a space
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    value += ch;
+                    prev_space = false;
+                }
+            }
+            if (modified) {
+                modified_values.emplace_back(std::move(value));
+                it->second = std::string_view(modified_values.back());
+            } else {
+                it->second = std::string_view(header.second);
+            }
         }
     }
 
     auto cache_getter = [&proxy = _proxy, &as = _auth_service] (std::string username) {
         return get_key_from_roles(proxy, as, std::move(username));
     };
-    return _key_cache.get_ptr(user, cache_getter).then([this, &req, &content,
+    return _key_cache.get_ptr(user, cache_getter).then_wrapped([this, &req, &content,
                                                     user = std::move(user),
                                                     host = std::move(host),
                                                     datestamp = std::move(datestamp),
                                                     signed_headers_str = std::move(signed_headers_str),
                                                     signed_headers_map = std::move(signed_headers_map),
+                                                    modified_values = std::move(modified_values),
                                                     region = std::move(region),
                                                     service = std::move(service),
-                                                    user_signature = std::move(user_signature)] (key_cache::value_ptr key_ptr) {
+                                                    user_signature = std::move(user_signature)] (future<key_cache::value_ptr> key_ptr_fut) {
+        key_cache::value_ptr key_ptr(nullptr);
+        try {
+            key_ptr = key_ptr_fut.get();
+        } catch (const api_error& e) {
+            authentication_error(_executor._stats, _enforce_authorization.get(), _warn_authorization.get(),
+                e, user, req.get_client_address());
+            return std::string();
+        }
         std::string signature;
         try {
             signature = utils::aws::get_signature(user, *key_ptr, std::string_view(host), "/", req._method,
                 datestamp, signed_headers_str, signed_headers_map, &content, region, service, "");
         } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-            throw api_error::invalid_signature(e.what());
+            authentication_error(_executor._stats, _enforce_authorization.get(), _warn_authorization.get(),
+                api_error::invalid_signature(fmt::format("invalid signature: {}", e.what())),
+                user, req.get_client_address());
+            return std::string();
         }
 
         if (signature != std::string_view(user_signature)) {
             _key_cache.remove(user);
-            throw api_error::unrecognized_client("The security token included in the request is invalid.");
+            authentication_error(_executor._stats, _enforce_authorization.get(), _warn_authorization.get(),
+                api_error::unrecognized_client("wrong signature"),
+                user, req.get_client_address());
+            return std::string();
         }
         return user;
     });
@@ -378,35 +461,82 @@ static tracing::trace_state_ptr create_tracing_session(tracing::tracing& tracing
     return tracing_instance.create_session(tracing::trace_type::QUERY, props);
 }
 
-// truncated_content_view() prints a potentially long chunked_content for
-// debugging purposes. In the common case when the content is not excessively
-// long, it just returns a view into the given content, without any copying.
-// But when the content is very long, it is truncated after some arbitrary
-// max_len (or one chunk, whichever comes first), with "<truncated>" added at
-// the end. To do this modification to the string, we need to create a new
-// std::string, so the caller must pass us a reference to one, "buf", where
-// we can store the content. The returned view is only alive for as long this
-// buf is kept alive.
-static std::string_view truncated_content_view(const chunked_content& content, std::string& buf) {
-    constexpr size_t max_len = 1024;
-    if (content.empty()) {
-        return std::string_view();
-    } else if (content.size() == 1 && content.begin()->size() <= max_len) {
-        return std::string_view(content.begin()->get(), content.begin()->size());
-    } else {
-        buf = std::string(content.begin()->get(), std::min(content.begin()->size(), max_len)) + "<truncated>";
-        return std::string_view(buf);
+// A helper class to represent a potentially truncated view of a chunked_content.
+// If the content is short enough and single chunked, it just holds a view into the content.
+// Otherwise it will be copied into an internal buffer, possibly truncated (depending on maximum allowed size passed in),
+// and the view will point into that buffer.
+// `as_view()` method will return the view.
+// `take_as_sstring()` will either move out the internal buffer (if any), or create a new sstring from the view.
+// You should consider `as_view()` valid as long both the original chunked_content and the truncated_content object are alive.
+class truncated_content {
+    std::string_view _view;
+    sstring _content_maybe;
+
+    void copy_from_content(const chunked_content& content) {
+        size_t offset = 0;
+        for(auto &tmp : content) {
+            size_t to_copy = std::min(tmp.size(), _content_maybe.size() - offset);
+            std::copy(tmp.get(), tmp.get() + to_copy, _content_maybe.data() + offset);
+            offset += to_copy;
+            if (offset >= _content_maybe.size()) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
     }
+public:
+    truncated_content(const chunked_content& content, size_t max_len = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()) {
+        if (content.empty()) return;
+        if (content.size() == 1 && content.begin()->size() <= max_len) {
+            _view = std::string_view(content.begin()->get(), content.begin()->size());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        constexpr std::string_view truncated_text = "<truncated>";
+        size_t content_size = 0;
+        for(auto &tmp : content) {
+            content_size += tmp.size();
+        }
+        if (content_size <= max_len) {
+            _content_maybe = sstring{ sstring::initialized_later{}, content_size };
+            copy_from_content(content);
+        }
+        else {
+            _content_maybe = sstring{ sstring::initialized_later{}, max_len + truncated_text.size() };
+            copy_from_content(content);
+            std::copy(truncated_text.begin(), truncated_text.end(), _content_maybe.data() + _content_maybe.size() - truncated_text.size());
+        }
+        _view = std::string_view(_content_maybe);
+    }
+
+    std::string_view as_view() const { return _view; }
+    sstring take_as_sstring() && {
+        if (_content_maybe.empty() && !_view.empty()) {
+            return sstring{_view};
+        }
+        return std::move(_content_maybe);
+    }
+};
+
+// `truncated_content_view` will produce an object representing a view to a passed content
+// possibly truncated at some length. The value returned is used in two ways:
+// - to print it in logs (use `as_view()` method for this)
+// - to pass it to tracing object, where it will be stored and used later
+//   (use `take_as_sstring()` method as this produces a copy in form of a sstring)
+// `truncated_content` delays constructing `sstring` object until it's actually needed.
+// `truncated_content` is valid as long as passed `content` is alive.
+// if the content is truncated, `<truncated>` will be appended at the maximum size limit
+// and total size will be `max_users_query_size_in_trace_output() + strlen("<truncated>")`.
+static truncated_content truncated_content_view(const chunked_content& content, size_t max_size) {
+    return truncated_content{content, max_size};
 }
 
-static tracing::trace_state_ptr maybe_trace_query(service::client_state& client_state, std::string_view username, std::string_view op, const chunked_content& query) {
+static tracing::trace_state_ptr maybe_trace_query(service::client_state& client_state, std::string_view username, std::string_view op, const chunked_content& query, size_t max_users_query_size_in_trace_output) {
     tracing::trace_state_ptr trace_state;
     tracing::tracing& tracing_instance = tracing::tracing::get_local_tracing_instance();
     if (tracing_instance.trace_next_query() || tracing_instance.slow_query_tracing_enabled()) {
         trace_state = create_tracing_session(tracing_instance);
-        std::string buf;
         tracing::add_session_param(trace_state, "alternator_op", op);
-        tracing::add_query(trace_state, truncated_content_view(query, buf));
+        tracing::add_query(trace_state, truncated_content_view(query, max_users_query_size_in_trace_output).take_as_sstring());
         tracing::begin(trace_state, seastar::format("Alternator {}", op), client_state.get_client_address());
         if (!username.empty()) {
             tracing::set_username(trace_state, auth::authenticated_user(username));
@@ -415,37 +545,215 @@ static tracing::trace_state_ptr maybe_trace_query(service::client_state& client_
     return trace_state;
 }
 
+// This read_entire_stream() is similar to Seastar's read_entire_stream()
+// which reads the given content_stream until its end into non-contiguous
+// memory. The difference is that this implementation takes an extra length
+// limit, and throws an error if we read more than this limit.
+// This length-limited variant would not have been needed if Seastar's HTTP
+// server's set_content_length_limit() worked in every case, but unfortunately
+// it does not - it only works if the request has a Content-Length header (see
+// issue #8196). In contrast this function can limit the request's length no
+// matter how it's encoded. We need this limit to protect Alternator from
+// oversized requests that can deplete memory.
+static future<chunked_content>
+read_entire_stream(input_stream<char>& inp, size_t length_limit) {
+    chunked_content ret;
+    // We try to read length_limit + 1 bytes, so that we can throw an
+    // exception if we managed to read more than length_limit.
+    ssize_t remain = length_limit + 1;
+    do {
+        temporary_buffer<char> buf = co_await inp.read_up_to(remain);
+        if (buf.empty()) {
+            break;
+        }
+        remain -= buf.size();
+        ret.push_back(std::move(buf));
+    } while (remain > 0);
+    // If we read the full length_limit + 1 bytes, we went over the limit:
+    if (remain <= 0) {
+        // By throwing here an error, we may send a reply (the error message)
+        // without having read the full request body. Seastar's httpd will
+        // realize that we have not read the entire content stream, and
+        // correctly mark the connection unreusable, i.e., close it.
+        // This means we are currently exposed to issue #12166 caused by
+        // Seastar issue 1325), where the client may get an RST instead of
+        // a FIN, and may rarely get a "Connection reset by peer" before
+        // reading the error we send.
+        throw api_error::payload_too_large(fmt::format("Request content length limit of {} bytes exceeded", length_limit));
+    }
+    co_return ret;
+}
+
+// safe_gzip_stream is an exception-safe wrapper for zlib's z_stream.
+// The "z_stream" struct is used by zlib to hold state while decompressing a
+// stream of data. It allocates memory which must be freed with inflateEnd(),
+// which the destructor of this class does.
+class safe_gzip_zstream {
+    z_stream _zs;
+public:
+    // If gzip is true, decode a gzip header (for "Content-Encoding: gzip").
+    // Otherwise, a zlib header (for "Content-Encoding: deflate").
+    safe_gzip_zstream(bool gzip = true) {
+        memset(&_zs, 0, sizeof(_zs));
+        if (inflateInit2(&_zs, gzip ? 16 + MAX_WBITS : MAX_WBITS) != Z_OK) {
+            // Should only happen if memory allocation fails
+            throw std::bad_alloc();
+        }
+    }
+    ~safe_gzip_zstream() {
+        inflateEnd(&_zs);
+    }
+    z_stream* operator->() {
+        return &_zs;
+    }
+    z_stream* get() {
+        return &_zs;
+    }
+    void reset() {
+        inflateReset(&_zs);
+    }
+};
+
+// ungzip() takes a chunked_content of a compressed request body, and returns
+// the uncompressed content as a chunked_content. If gzip is true, we expect
+// gzip header (for "Content-Encoding: gzip"), if gzip is false, we expect a
+// zlib header (for "Content-Encoding: deflate").
+// If the uncompressed content exceeds length_limit, an error is thrown.
+static future<chunked_content>
+ungzip(chunked_content&& compressed_body, size_t length_limit, bool gzip = true) {
+    chunked_content ret;
+    // output_buf can be any size - when uncompressing input_buf, it doesn't
+    // need to fit in a single output_buf, we'll use multiple output_buf for
+    // a single input_buf if needed.
+    constexpr size_t OUTPUT_BUF_SIZE = 4096;
+    temporary_buffer<char> output_buf;
+    safe_gzip_zstream strm(gzip);
+    bool complete_stream = false; // empty input is not a valid gzip/deflate
+    size_t total_out_bytes = 0;
+    for (const temporary_buffer<char>& input_buf : compressed_body) {
+        if (input_buf.empty()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        complete_stream = false;
+        strm->next_in = (Bytef*) input_buf.get();
+        strm->avail_in = (uInt) input_buf.size();
+        do {
+            co_await coroutine::maybe_yield();
+            if (output_buf.empty()) {
+                output_buf = temporary_buffer<char>(OUTPUT_BUF_SIZE);
+            }
+            strm->next_out = (Bytef*) output_buf.get();
+            strm->avail_out = OUTPUT_BUF_SIZE;
+            int e = inflate(strm.get(), Z_NO_FLUSH);
+            size_t out_bytes = OUTPUT_BUF_SIZE - strm->avail_out;
+            if (out_bytes > 0) {
+                // If output_buf is nearly full, we save it as-is in ret. But
+                // if it only has little data, better copy to a small buffer.
+                if (out_bytes > OUTPUT_BUF_SIZE/2) {
+                    ret.push_back(std::move(output_buf).prefix(out_bytes));
+                    // output_buf is now empty. if this loop finds more input,
+                    // we'll allocate a new output buffer.
+                } else {
+                    ret.push_back(temporary_buffer<char>(output_buf.get(), out_bytes));
+                }
+                total_out_bytes += out_bytes;
+                if (total_out_bytes > length_limit) {
+                    throw api_error::payload_too_large(fmt::format("Request content length limit of {} bytes exceeded", length_limit));
+                }
+            }
+            if (e == Z_STREAM_END) {
+                // There may be more input after the first gzip stream - in
+                // either this input_buf or the next one. The additional input
+                // should be a second concatenated gzip. We need to allow that
+                // by resetting the gzip stream and continuing the input loop
+                // until there's no more input.
+                strm.reset();
+                if (strm->avail_in == 0) {
+                    complete_stream = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            } else if (e != Z_OK && e != Z_BUF_ERROR) {
+                // DynamoDB returns an InternalServerError when given a bad
+                // gzip request body. See test test_broken_gzip_content
+                throw api_error::internal("Error during gzip decompression of request body");
+            }
+        } while (strm->avail_in > 0 || strm->avail_out == 0);
+    }
+    if (!complete_stream) {
+        // The gzip stream was not properly finished with Z_STREAM_END
+        throw api_error::internal("Truncated gzip in request body");
+    }
+    co_return ret;
+}
+
 future<executor::request_return_type> server::handle_api_request(std::unique_ptr<request> req) {
     _executor._stats.total_operations++;
     sstring target = req->get_header("X-Amz-Target");
     // target is DynamoDB API version followed by a dot '.' and operation type (e.g. CreateTable)
     auto dot = target.find('.');
     std::string_view op = (dot == sstring::npos) ? std::string_view() : std::string_view(target).substr(dot+1);
+    if (req->content_length > request_content_length_limit) {
+        // If we have a Content-Length header and know the request will be too
+        // long, we don't need to wait for read_entire_stream() below to
+        // discover it. And we definitely mustn't try to get_units() below for
+        // for such a size.
+        co_return api_error::payload_too_large(fmt::format("Request content length limit of {} bytes exceeded", request_content_length_limit));
+    }
     // JSON parsing can allocate up to roughly 2x the size of the raw
     // document, + a couple of bytes for maintenance.
-    // TODO: consider the case where req->content_length is missing. Maybe
-    // we need to take the content_length_limit and return some of the units
-    // when we finish read_content_and_verify_signature?
-    size_t mem_estimate = req->content_length * 2 + 8000;
+    // If the Content-Length of the request is not available, we assume
+    // the largest possible request (request_content_length_limit, i.e., 16 MB)
+    // and after reading the request we return_units() the excess.
+    size_t mem_estimate = (req->content_length ? req->content_length : request_content_length_limit) * 2 + 8000;
     auto units_fut = get_units(*_memory_limiter, mem_estimate);
     if (_memory_limiter->waiters()) {
         ++_executor._stats.requests_blocked_memory;
     }
     auto units = co_await std::move(units_fut);
-    SCYLLA_ASSERT(req->content_stream);
-    chunked_content content = co_await util::read_entire_stream(*req->content_stream);
+    throwing_assert(req->content_stream);
+    chunked_content content = co_await read_entire_stream(*req->content_stream, request_content_length_limit);
+    // If the request had no Content-Length, we reserved too many units
+    // so need to return some
+    if (req->content_length == 0) {
+        size_t content_length = 0;
+        for (const auto& chunk : content) {
+            content_length += chunk.size();
+        }
+        size_t new_mem_estimate = content_length * 2 + 8000;
+        units.return_units(mem_estimate - new_mem_estimate);
+    }
     auto username = co_await verify_signature(*req, content);
+    // If the request is compressed, uncompress it now, after we checked
+    // the signature (the signature is computed on the compressed content).
+    // We apply the request_content_length_limit again to the uncompressed
+    // content - we don't want to allow a tiny compressed request to
+    // expand to a huge uncompressed request.
+    sstring content_encoding = req->get_header("Content-Encoding");
+    if (content_encoding == "gzip") {
+        content = co_await ungzip(std::move(content), request_content_length_limit);
+    } else if (content_encoding == "deflate") {
+        content = co_await ungzip(std::move(content), request_content_length_limit, false);
+    } else if (!content_encoding.empty()) {
+        // DynamoDB returns a 500 error for unsupported Content-Encoding.
+        // I'm not sure if this is the best error code, but let's do it too.
+        // See the test test_garbage_content_encoding confirming this case.
+        co_return api_error::internal("Unsupported Content-Encoding");
+    }
+
     // As long as the system_clients_entry object is alive, this request will
     // be visible in the "system.clients" virtual table. When requested, this
     // entry will be formatted by server::ongoing_request::make_client_data().
+    auto user_agent_header = co_await _connection_options_keys_and_values.get_or_load(req->get_header("User-Agent"), [] (const client_options_cache_key_type&) {
+        return make_ready_future<options_cache_value_type>(options_cache_value_type{});
+    });
+
     auto system_clients_entry = _ongoing_requests.emplace(
-        req->get_client_address(), req->get_header("User-Agent"),
+        req->get_client_address(), std::move(user_agent_header),
         username, current_scheduling_group(),
         req->get_protocol_name() == "https");
 
     if (slogger.is_enabled(log_level::trace)) {
-        std::string buf;
-        slogger.trace("Request: {} {} {}", op, truncated_content_view(content, buf), req->_headers);
+        slogger.trace("Request: {} {} {}", op, truncated_content_view(content, _max_users_query_size_in_trace_output).as_view(), req->_headers);
     }
     auto callback_it = _callbacks.find(op);
     if (callback_it == _callbacks.end()) {
@@ -465,7 +773,7 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> server::handle_api_request(std::unique_ptr
     }
     co_await client_state.maybe_update_per_service_level_params();
 
-    tracing::trace_state_ptr trace_state = maybe_trace_query(client_state, username, op, content);
+    tracing::trace_state_ptr trace_state = maybe_trace_query(client_state, username, op, content, _max_users_query_size_in_trace_output.get());
     tracing::trace(trace_state, "{}", op);
 
     auto user = client_state.user();
@@ -485,7 +793,7 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> server::handle_api_request(std::unique_ptr
 void server::set_routes(routes& r) {
     api_handler* req_handler = new api_handler([this] (std::unique_ptr<request> req) mutable {
         return handle_api_request(std::move(req));
-    });
+    }, _proxy.data_dictionary().get_config());
 
     r.put(operation_type::POST, "/", req_handler);
     r.put(operation_type::GET, "/", new health_handler(_pending_requests));
@@ -516,7 +824,7 @@ server::server(executor& exec, service::storage_proxy& proxy, gms::gossiper& gos
         , _auth_service(auth_service)
         , _sl_controller(sl_controller)
         , _key_cache(1024, 1min, slogger)
-        , _enforce_authorization(false)
+        , _max_users_query_size_in_trace_output(1024)
         , _enabled_servers{}
         , _pending_requests("alternator::server::pending_requests")
         , _timeout_config(_proxy.data_dictionary().get_config())
@@ -596,28 +904,39 @@ server::server(executor& exec, service::storage_proxy& proxy, gms::gossiper& gos
     } {
 }
 
-future<> server::init(net::inet_address addr, std::optional<uint16_t> port, std::optional<uint16_t> https_port, std::optional<tls::credentials_builder> creds,
-        utils::updateable_value<bool> enforce_authorization, semaphore* memory_limiter, utils::updateable_value<uint32_t> max_concurrent_requests) {
+future<> server::init(net::inet_address addr, std::optional<uint16_t> port, std::optional<uint16_t> https_port,
+        std::optional<uint16_t> port_proxy_protocol, std::optional<uint16_t> https_port_proxy_protocol,
+        std::optional<tls::credentials_builder> creds,
+        utils::updateable_value<bool> enforce_authorization, utils::updateable_value<bool> warn_authorization, utils::updateable_value<uint64_t> max_users_query_size_in_trace_output,
+        semaphore* memory_limiter, utils::updateable_value<uint32_t> max_concurrent_requests) {
     _memory_limiter = memory_limiter;
     _enforce_authorization = std::move(enforce_authorization);
+    _warn_authorization = std::move(warn_authorization);
     _max_concurrent_requests = std::move(max_concurrent_requests);
-    if (!port && !https_port) {
+    _max_users_query_size_in_trace_output = std::move(max_users_query_size_in_trace_output);
+    if (!port && !https_port && !port_proxy_protocol && !https_port_proxy_protocol) {
         return make_exception_future<>(std::runtime_error("Either regular port or TLS port"
                 " must be specified in order to init an alternator HTTP server instance"));
     }
-    return seastar::async([this, addr, port, https_port, creds] {
+    return seastar::async([this, addr, port, https_port, port_proxy_protocol, https_port_proxy_protocol, creds] {
         _executor.start().get();
 
-        if (port) {
+        if (port || port_proxy_protocol) {
             set_routes(_http_server._routes);
-            _http_server.set_content_length_limit(server::content_length_limit);
             _http_server.set_content_streaming(true);
-            _http_server.listen(socket_address{addr, *port}).get();
+            if (port) {
+                _http_server.listen(socket_address{addr, *port}).get();
+            }
+            if (port_proxy_protocol) {
+                listen_options lo;
+                lo.reuse_address = true;
+                lo.proxy_protocol = true;
+                _http_server.listen(socket_address{addr, *port_proxy_protocol}, lo).get();
+            }
             _enabled_servers.push_back(std::ref(_http_server));
         }
-        if (https_port) {
+        if (https_port || https_port_proxy_protocol) {
             set_routes(_https_server._routes);
-            _https_server.set_content_length_limit(server::content_length_limit);
             _https_server.set_content_streaming(true);
 
             if (this_shard_id() == 0) {
@@ -636,7 +955,15 @@ future<> server::init(net::inet_address addr, std::optional<uint16_t> port, std:
             } else {
                 _credentials = creds->build_server_credentials();
             }
-            _https_server.listen(socket_address{addr, *https_port}, _credentials).get();
+            if (https_port) {
+                _https_server.listen(socket_address{addr, *https_port}, _credentials).get();
+            }
+            if (https_port_proxy_protocol) {
+                listen_options lo;
+                lo.reuse_address = true;
+                lo.proxy_protocol = true;
+                _https_server.listen(socket_address{addr, *https_port_proxy_protocol}, lo, _credentials).get();
+            }
             _enabled_servers.push_back(std::ref(_https_server));
         }
     });
@@ -709,16 +1036,15 @@ client_data server::ongoing_request::make_client_data() const {
     // and keep "driver_version" unset.
     cd.driver_name = _user_agent;
     // Leave "protocol_version" unset, it has no meaning in Alternator.
-    // Leave "hostname", "ssl_protocol" and "ssl_cipher_suite" unset.
-    // As reported in issue #9216, we never set these fields in CQL
-    // either (see cql_server::connection::make_client_data()).
+    // Leave "hostname", "ssl_protocol" and "ssl_cipher_suite" unset for Alternator.
+    // Note: CQL sets ssl_protocol and ssl_cipher_suite via generic_server::connection base class.
     return cd;
 }
 
-future<utils::chunked_vector<client_data>> server::get_client_data() {
-    utils::chunked_vector<client_data> ret;
+future<utils::chunked_vector<foreign_ptr<std::unique_ptr<client_data>>>> server::get_client_data() {
+    utils::chunked_vector<foreign_ptr<std::unique_ptr<client_data>>> ret;
     co_await _ongoing_requests.for_each_gently([&ret] (const ongoing_request& r) {
-        ret.emplace_back(r.make_client_data());
+        ret.emplace_back(make_foreign(std::make_unique<client_data>(r.make_client_data())));
     });
     co_return ret;
 }

alternator/server.hh

@@ -28,7 +28,11 @@ namespace alternator {
 using chunked_content = rjson::chunked_content;
 
 class server : public peering_sharded_service<server> {
-    static constexpr size_t content_length_limit = 16*MB;
+    // The maximum size of a request body that Alternator will accept,
+    // in bytes. This is a safety measure to prevent Alternator from
+    // running out of memory when a client sends a very large request.
+    // DynamoDB also has the same limit set to 16 MB.
+    static constexpr size_t request_content_length_limit = 16*MB;
     using alternator_callback = std::function<future<executor::request_return_type>(executor&, executor::client_state&,
             tracing::trace_state_ptr, service_permit, rjson::value, std::unique_ptr<http::request>)>;
     using alternator_callbacks_map = std::unordered_map<std::string_view, alternator_callback>;
@@ -43,12 +47,15 @@ class server : public peering_sharded_service<server> {
 
     key_cache _key_cache;
     utils::updateable_value<bool> _enforce_authorization;
+    utils::updateable_value<bool> _warn_authorization;
+    utils::updateable_value<uint64_t> _max_users_query_size_in_trace_output;
     utils::small_vector<std::reference_wrapper<seastar::httpd::http_server>, 2> _enabled_servers;
     named_gate _pending_requests;
     // In some places we will need a CQL updateable_timeout_config object even
     // though it isn't really relevant for Alternator which defines its own
     // timeouts separately. We can create this object only once.
     updateable_timeout_config _timeout_config;
+    client_options_cache_type _connection_options_keys_and_values;
 
     alternator_callbacks_map _callbacks;
 
@@ -82,7 +89,7 @@ class server : public peering_sharded_service<server> {
     // is called when reading the "system.clients" virtual table.
     struct ongoing_request {
         socket_address _client_address;
-        sstring _user_agent;
+        client_options_cache_entry_type _user_agent;
         sstring _username;
         scheduling_group _scheduling_group;
         bool _is_https;
@@ -93,14 +100,17 @@ class server : public peering_sharded_service<server> {
 public:
     server(executor& executor, service::storage_proxy& proxy, gms::gossiper& gossiper, auth::service& service, qos::service_level_controller& sl_controller);
 
-    future<> init(net::inet_address addr, std::optional<uint16_t> port, std::optional<uint16_t> https_port, std::optional<tls::credentials_builder> creds,
-            utils::updateable_value<bool> enforce_authorization, semaphore* memory_limiter, utils::updateable_value<uint32_t> max_concurrent_requests);
+    future<> init(net::inet_address addr, std::optional<uint16_t> port, std::optional<uint16_t> https_port,
+            std::optional<uint16_t> port_proxy_protocol, std::optional<uint16_t> https_port_proxy_protocol,
+            std::optional<tls::credentials_builder> creds,
+            utils::updateable_value<bool> enforce_authorization, utils::updateable_value<bool> warn_authorization, utils::updateable_value<uint64_t> max_users_query_size_in_trace_output,
+            semaphore* memory_limiter, utils::updateable_value<uint32_t> max_concurrent_requests);
     future<> stop();
     // get_client_data() is called (on each shard separately) when the virtual
     // table "system.clients" is read. It is expected to generate a list of
     // clients connected to this server (on this shard). This function is
     // called by alternator::controller::get_client_data().
-    future<utils::chunked_vector<client_data>> get_client_data();
+    future<utils::chunked_vector<foreign_ptr<std::unique_ptr<client_data>>>> get_client_data();
 private:
     void set_routes(seastar::httpd::routes& r);
     // If verification succeeds, returns the authenticated user's username

alternator/stats.cc

@@ -154,6 +154,18 @@ static void register_metrics_with_optional_table(seastar::metrics::metric_groups
                     [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.api_operations.batch_get_item_histogram);})(op("BatchGetItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
             seastar::metrics::make_histogram("batch_item_count_histogram", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of the number of items in a batch request"), labels,
                     [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.api_operations.batch_write_item_histogram);})(op("BatchWriteItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+            seastar::metrics::make_histogram("operation_size_kb", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of item sizes involved in a request"), labels,
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.operation_sizes.get_item_op_size_kb);})(op("GetItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+            seastar::metrics::make_histogram("operation_size_kb", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of item sizes involved in a request"), labels,
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.operation_sizes.put_item_op_size_kb);})(op("PutItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+            seastar::metrics::make_histogram("operation_size_kb", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of item sizes involved in a request"), labels,
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.operation_sizes.delete_item_op_size_kb);})(op("DeleteItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+            seastar::metrics::make_histogram("operation_size_kb", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of item sizes involved in a request"), labels,
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.operation_sizes.update_item_op_size_kb);})(op("UpdateItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+            seastar::metrics::make_histogram("operation_size_kb", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of item sizes involved in a request"), labels,
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.operation_sizes.batch_get_item_op_size_kb);})(op("BatchGetItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+            seastar::metrics::make_histogram("operation_size_kb", seastar::metrics::description("Histogram of item sizes involved in a request"), labels,
+                    [&stats]{ return estimated_histogram_to_metrics(stats.operation_sizes.batch_write_item_op_size_kb);})(op("BatchWriteItem")).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
     });
 
     seastar::metrics::label expression_label("expression");
@@ -176,6 +188,16 @@ static void register_metrics_with_optional_table(seastar::metrics::metric_groups
             seastar::metrics::make_total_operations("expression_cache_misses", stats.expression_cache.requests[stats::expression_types::PROJECTION_EXPRESSION].misses,
                     seastar::metrics::description("Counts number of misses of cached expressions"), labels)(expression_label("ProjectionExpression")).aggregate(aggregate_labels).set_skip_when_empty()
     });
+
+    // Only register the following metrics for the global metrics, not per-table
+    if (!has_table) {
+        metrics.add_group("alternator", {
+            seastar::metrics::make_counter("authentication_failures", stats.authentication_failures,
+                seastar::metrics::description("total number of authentication failures"), labels).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+            seastar::metrics::make_counter("authorization_failures", stats.authorization_failures,
+                seastar::metrics::description("total number of authorization failures"), labels).aggregate({seastar::metrics::shard_label}).set_skip_when_empty(),
+        });
+    }
 }
 
 void register_metrics(seastar::metrics::metric_groups& metrics, const stats& stats) {

alternator/stats.hh

@@ -79,6 +79,43 @@ public:
         utils::estimated_histogram batch_get_item_histogram{22}; // a histogram that covers the range 1 - 100
         utils::estimated_histogram batch_write_item_histogram{22}; // a histogram that covers the range 1 - 100
     } api_operations;
+    // Operation size metrics
+    struct {
+        // Item size statistics collected per table and aggregated per node.
+        // Each histogram covers the range 0 - 446. Resolves #25143.
+        // A size is the retrieved item's size.
+        utils::estimated_histogram get_item_op_size_kb{30};
+        // A size is the maximum of the new item's size and the old item's size.
+        utils::estimated_histogram put_item_op_size_kb{30};
+        // A size is the deleted item's size. If the deleted item's size is
+        // unknown (i.e. read-before-write wasn't necessary and it wasn't
+        // forced by a configuration option), it won't be recorded on the
+        // histogram.
+        utils::estimated_histogram delete_item_op_size_kb{30};
+        // A size is the maximum of existing item's size and the estimated size
+        // of the update. This will be changed to the maximum of the existing item's
+        // size and the new item's size in a subsequent PR.
+        utils::estimated_histogram update_item_op_size_kb{30};
+
+        // A size is the sum of the sizes of all items per table. This means
+        // that a single BatchGetItem / BatchWriteItem updates the histogram
+        // for each table that it has items in.
+        // The sizes are the retrieved items' sizes grouped per table.
+        utils::estimated_histogram batch_get_item_op_size_kb{30};
+        // The sizes are the the written items' sizes grouped per table.
+        utils::estimated_histogram batch_write_item_op_size_kb{30};
+    } operation_sizes;
+    // Count of authentication and authorization failures, counted if either
+    // alternator_enforce_authorization or alternator_warn_authorization are
+    // set to true. If both are false, no authentication or authorization
+    // checks are performed, so failures are not recognized or counted.
+    // "authentication" failure means the request was not signed with a valid
+    // user and key combination. "authorization" failure means the request was
+    // authenticated to a valid user - but this user did not have permissions
+    // to perform the operation (considering RBAC settings and the user's
+    // superuser status).
+    uint64_t authentication_failures = 0;
+    uint64_t authorization_failures = 0;
     // Miscellaneous event counters
     uint64_t total_operations = 0;
     uint64_t unsupported_operations = 0;
@@ -126,4 +163,8 @@ struct table_stats {
 };
 void register_metrics(seastar::metrics::metric_groups& metrics, const stats& stats);
 
+inline uint64_t bytes_to_kb_ceil(uint64_t bytes) {
+    return (bytes + 1023) / 1024;
+}
+
 }

alternator/streams.cc

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 
 #include <seastar/json/formatter.hh>
 
-#include "auth/permission.hh"
 #include "db/config.hh"
 
 #include "cdc/log.hh"
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-}
+} // namespace alternator
 
 template<typename ValueType>
 struct rapidjson::internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, alternator::stream_arn>
@@ -297,7 +296,7 @@ sequence_number::sequence_number(std::string_view v)
     }())
 {}
 
-}
+} // namespace alternator
 
 template<typename ValueType>
 struct rapidjson::internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, alternator::shard_id>
@@ -357,7 +356,7 @@ static stream_view_type cdc_options_to_steam_view_type(const cdc::options& opts)
     return type;
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace alternator
 
 template<typename ValueType>
 struct rapidjson::internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, alternator::stream_view_type>
@@ -476,10 +475,10 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> executor::describe_stream(client_state& cl
         } else {
             status = "ENABLED";
         }
-    } 
+    }
 
     auto ttl = std::chrono::seconds(opts.ttl());
-    
+
     rjson::add(stream_desc, "StreamStatus", rjson::from_string(status));
 
     stream_view_type type = cdc_options_to_steam_view_type(opts);
@@ -492,7 +491,7 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> executor::describe_stream(client_state& cl
 
     if (!opts.enabled()) {
         rjson::add(ret, "StreamDescription", std::move(stream_desc));
-        return make_ready_future<executor::request_return_type>(rjson::print(std::move(ret)));
+        co_return rjson::print(std::move(ret));
     }
 
     // TODO: label
@@ -503,123 +502,121 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> executor::describe_stream(client_state& cl
     // filter out cdc generations older than the table or now() - cdc::ttl (typically dynamodb_streams_max_window - 24h)
     auto low_ts = std::max(as_timepoint(schema->id()), db_clock::now() - ttl);
 
-    return _sdks.cdc_get_versioned_streams(low_ts, { normal_token_owners }).then([db, shard_start, limit, ret = std::move(ret), stream_desc = std::move(stream_desc)] (std::map<db_clock::time_point, cdc::streams_version> topologies) mutable {
+    std::map<db_clock::time_point, cdc::streams_version> topologies = co_await _sdks.cdc_get_versioned_streams(low_ts, { normal_token_owners });
+    auto e = topologies.end();
+    auto prev = e;
+    auto shards = rjson::empty_array();
 
-        auto e = topologies.end();
-        auto prev = e;
-        auto shards = rjson::empty_array();
+    std::optional<shard_id> last;
 
-        std::optional<shard_id> last;
+    auto i = topologies.begin();
+    // if we're a paged query, skip to the generation where we left of.
+    if (shard_start) {
+        i = topologies.find(shard_start->time);
+    }
 
-        auto i = topologies.begin();
-        // if we're a paged query, skip to the generation where we left of.
-        if (shard_start) {
-            i = topologies.find(shard_start->time);
-        }
+    // for parent-child stuff we need id:s to be sorted by token
+    // (see explanation above) since we want to find closest
+    // token boundary when determining parent.
+    // #7346 - we processed and searched children/parents in
+    // stored order, which is not necessarily token order,
+    // so the finding of "closest" token boundary (using upper bound)
+    // could give somewhat weird results.
+    static auto token_cmp = [](const cdc::stream_id& id1, const cdc::stream_id& id2) {
+        return id1.token() < id2.token();
+    };
 
-        // for parent-child stuff we need id:s to be sorted by token
-        // (see explanation above) since we want to find closest
-        // token boundary when determining parent.
-        // #7346 - we processed and searched children/parents in
-        // stored order, which is not necessarily token order,
-        // so the finding of "closest" token boundary (using upper bound)
-        // could give somewhat weird results.
-        static auto token_cmp = [](const cdc::stream_id& id1, const cdc::stream_id& id2) {
-            return id1.token() < id2.token();
-        };
+    // #7409 - shards must be returned in lexicographical order,
+    // normal bytes compare is string_traits<int8_t>::compare.
+    // thus bytes 0x8000 is less than 0x0000. By doing unsigned
+    // compare instead we inadvertently will sort in string lexical.
+    static auto id_cmp = [](const cdc::stream_id& id1, const cdc::stream_id& id2) {
+        return compare_unsigned(id1.to_bytes(), id2.to_bytes()) < 0;
+    };
+
+    // need a prev even if we are skipping stuff
+    if (i != topologies.begin()) {
+        prev = std::prev(i);
+    }
+
+    for (; limit > 0 && i != e; prev = i, ++i) {
+        auto& [ts, sv] = *i;
+
+        last = std::nullopt;
+
+        auto lo = sv.streams.begin();
+        auto end = sv.streams.end();
 
         // #7409 - shards must be returned in lexicographical order,
-        // normal bytes compare is string_traits<int8_t>::compare.
-        // thus bytes 0x8000 is less than 0x0000. By doing unsigned
-        // compare instead we inadvertently will sort in string lexical.
-        static auto id_cmp = [](const cdc::stream_id& id1, const cdc::stream_id& id2) {
-            return compare_unsigned(id1.to_bytes(), id2.to_bytes()) < 0;
-        };
+        std::sort(lo, end, id_cmp);
 
-        // need a prev even if we are skipping stuff
-        if (i != topologies.begin()) {
-            prev = std::prev(i);
+        if (shard_start) {
+            // find next shard position
+            lo = std::upper_bound(lo, end, shard_start->id, id_cmp);
+            shard_start = std::nullopt;
         }
 
-        for (; limit > 0 && i != e; prev = i, ++i) {
-            auto& [ts, sv] = *i;
+        if (lo != end && prev != e) {
+            // We want older stuff sorted in token order so we can find matching
+            // token range when determining parent shard.
+            std::stable_sort(prev->second.streams.begin(), prev->second.streams.end(), token_cmp);
+        }
+
+        auto expired = [&]() -> std::optional<db_clock::time_point> {
+            auto j = std::next(i);
+            if (j == e) {
+                return std::nullopt;
+            }
+            // add this so we sort of match potential 
+            // sequence numbers in get_records result.
+            return j->first + confidence_interval(db);
+        }();
+
+        while (lo != end) {
+            auto& id = *lo++;
+
+            auto shard = rjson::empty_object();
+
+            if (prev != e) {
+                auto& pids = prev->second.streams;
+                auto pid = std::upper_bound(pids.begin(), pids.end(), id.token(), [](const dht::token& t, const cdc::stream_id& id) {
+                    return t < id.token();
+                });
+                if (pid != pids.begin()) {
+                    pid = std::prev(pid);
+                }
+                if (pid != pids.end()) {
+                    rjson::add(shard, "ParentShardId", shard_id(prev->first, *pid));
+                }
+            }
+
+            last.emplace(ts, id);
+            rjson::add(shard, "ShardId", *last);
+            auto range = rjson::empty_object();
+            rjson::add(range, "StartingSequenceNumber", sequence_number(utils::UUID_gen::min_time_UUID(ts.time_since_epoch())));
+            if (expired) {
+                rjson::add(range, "EndingSequenceNumber", sequence_number(utils::UUID_gen::min_time_UUID(expired->time_since_epoch())));
+            }
+
+            rjson::add(shard, "SequenceNumberRange", std::move(range));
+            rjson::push_back(shards, std::move(shard));
+            
+            if (--limit == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
 
             last = std::nullopt;
-
-            auto lo = sv.streams.begin();
-            auto end = sv.streams.end();
-
-            // #7409 - shards must be returned in lexicographical order,
-            std::sort(lo, end, id_cmp);
-
-            if (shard_start) {
-                // find next shard position
-                lo = std::upper_bound(lo, end, shard_start->id, id_cmp);
-                shard_start = std::nullopt;
-            }
-
-            if (lo != end && prev != e) {
-                // We want older stuff sorted in token order so we can find matching
-                // token range when determining parent shard.
-                std::stable_sort(prev->second.streams.begin(), prev->second.streams.end(), token_cmp);
-            }
-
-            auto expired = [&]() -> std::optional<db_clock::time_point> {
-                auto j = std::next(i);
-                if (j == e) {
-                    return std::nullopt;
-                }
-                // add this so we sort of match potential 
-                // sequence numbers in get_records result.
-                return j->first + confidence_interval(db);
-            }();
-
-            while (lo != end) {
-                auto& id = *lo++;
-
-                auto shard = rjson::empty_object();
-
-                if (prev != e) {
-                    auto& pids = prev->second.streams;
-                    auto pid = std::upper_bound(pids.begin(), pids.end(), id.token(), [](const dht::token& t, const cdc::stream_id& id) {
-                        return t < id.token();
-                    });
-                    if (pid != pids.begin()) {
-                        pid = std::prev(pid);
-                    }
-                    if (pid != pids.end()) {
-                        rjson::add(shard, "ParentShardId", shard_id(prev->first, *pid));
-                    }
-                }
-
-                last.emplace(ts, id);
-                rjson::add(shard, "ShardId", *last);
-                auto range = rjson::empty_object();
-                rjson::add(range, "StartingSequenceNumber", sequence_number(utils::UUID_gen::min_time_UUID(ts.time_since_epoch())));
-                if (expired) {
-                    rjson::add(range, "EndingSequenceNumber", sequence_number(utils::UUID_gen::min_time_UUID(expired->time_since_epoch())));
-                }
-
-                rjson::add(shard, "SequenceNumberRange", std::move(range));
-                rjson::push_back(shards, std::move(shard));
-                
-                if (--limit == 0) {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                last = std::nullopt;
-            }
         }
+    }
 
-        if (last) {
-            rjson::add(stream_desc, "LastEvaluatedShardId", *last);
-        }
+    if (last) {
+        rjson::add(stream_desc, "LastEvaluatedShardId", *last);
+    }
 
-        rjson::add(stream_desc, "Shards", std::move(shards));
-        rjson::add(ret, "StreamDescription", std::move(stream_desc));
-            
-        return make_ready_future<executor::request_return_type>(rjson::print(std::move(ret)));
-    });
+    rjson::add(stream_desc, "Shards", std::move(shards));
+    rjson::add(ret, "StreamDescription", std::move(stream_desc));
+        
+    co_return rjson::print(std::move(ret));
 }
 
 enum class shard_iterator_type {
@@ -715,7 +712,7 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> executor::get_shard_iterator(client_state&
 
     auto type = rjson::get<shard_iterator_type>(request, "ShardIteratorType");
     auto seq_num = rjson::get_opt<sequence_number>(request, "SequenceNumber");
-    
+
     if (type < shard_iterator_type::TRIM_HORIZON && !seq_num) {
         throw api_error::validation("Missing required parameter \"SequenceNumber\"");
     }
@@ -725,7 +722,7 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> executor::get_shard_iterator(client_state&
 
     auto stream_arn = rjson::get<alternator::stream_arn>(request, "StreamArn");
     auto db = _proxy.data_dictionary();
-    
+
     schema_ptr schema = nullptr;
     std::optional<shard_id> sid;
 
@@ -790,7 +787,7 @@ struct event_id {
         return os;
     }
 };
-}
+} // namespace alternator
 
 template<typename ValueType>
 struct rapidjson::internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, alternator::event_id>
@@ -828,7 +825,7 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> executor::get_records(client_state& client
 
     tracing::add_table_name(trace_state, schema->ks_name(), schema->cf_name());
 
-    co_await verify_permission(_enforce_authorization, client_state, schema, auth::permission::SELECT);
+    co_await verify_permission(_enforce_authorization, _warn_authorization, client_state, schema, auth::permission::SELECT, _stats);
 
     db::consistency_level cl = db::consistency_level::LOCAL_QUORUM;
     partition_key pk = iter.shard.id.to_partition_key(*schema);
@@ -899,162 +896,169 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> executor::get_records(client_state& client
     auto command = ::make_lw_shared<query::read_command>(schema->id(), schema->version(), partition_slice, _proxy.get_max_result_size(partition_slice),
             query::tombstone_limit(_proxy.get_tombstone_limit()), query::row_limit(limit * mul));
 
-    co_return co_await _proxy.query(schema, std::move(command), std::move(partition_ranges), cl, service::storage_proxy::coordinator_query_options(default_timeout(), std::move(permit), client_state)).then(
-            [this, schema, partition_slice = std::move(partition_slice), selection = std::move(selection), start_time = std::move(start_time), limit, key_names = std::move(key_names), attr_names = std::move(attr_names), type, iter, high_ts] (service::storage_proxy::coordinator_query_result qr) mutable {       
-        cql3::selection::result_set_builder builder(*selection, gc_clock::now());
-        query::result_view::consume(*qr.query_result, partition_slice, cql3::selection::result_set_builder::visitor(builder, *schema, *selection));
+    service::storage_proxy::coordinator_query_result qr = co_await _proxy.query(schema, std::move(command), std::move(partition_ranges), cl, service::storage_proxy::coordinator_query_options(default_timeout(), std::move(permit), client_state));
+    cql3::selection::result_set_builder builder(*selection, gc_clock::now());
+    query::result_view::consume(*qr.query_result, partition_slice, cql3::selection::result_set_builder::visitor(builder, *schema, *selection));
 
-        auto result_set = builder.build();
-        auto records = rjson::empty_array();
+    auto result_set = builder.build();
+    auto records = rjson::empty_array();
 
-        auto& metadata = result_set->get_metadata();
+    auto& metadata = result_set->get_metadata();
 
-        auto op_index = std::distance(metadata.get_names().begin(), 
-            std::find_if(metadata.get_names().begin(), metadata.get_names().end(), [](const lw_shared_ptr<cql3::column_specification>& cdef) {
-                return cdef->name->name() == op_column_name;
-            })
-        );
-        auto ts_index = std::distance(metadata.get_names().begin(), 
-            std::find_if(metadata.get_names().begin(), metadata.get_names().end(), [](const lw_shared_ptr<cql3::column_specification>& cdef) {
-                return cdef->name->name() == timestamp_column_name;
-            })
-        );
-        auto eor_index = std::distance(metadata.get_names().begin(), 
-            std::find_if(metadata.get_names().begin(), metadata.get_names().end(), [](const lw_shared_ptr<cql3::column_specification>& cdef) {
-                return cdef->name->name() == eor_column_name;
-            })
-        );
+    auto op_index = std::distance(metadata.get_names().begin(), 
+        std::find_if(metadata.get_names().begin(), metadata.get_names().end(), [](const lw_shared_ptr<cql3::column_specification>& cdef) {
+            return cdef->name->name() == op_column_name;
+        })
+    );
+    auto ts_index = std::distance(metadata.get_names().begin(), 
+        std::find_if(metadata.get_names().begin(), metadata.get_names().end(), [](const lw_shared_ptr<cql3::column_specification>& cdef) {
+            return cdef->name->name() == timestamp_column_name;
+        })
+    );
+    auto eor_index = std::distance(metadata.get_names().begin(), 
+        std::find_if(metadata.get_names().begin(), metadata.get_names().end(), [](const lw_shared_ptr<cql3::column_specification>& cdef) {
+            return cdef->name->name() == eor_column_name;
+        })
+    );
 
-        std::optional<utils::UUID> timestamp;
-        auto dynamodb = rjson::empty_object();
-        auto record = rjson::empty_object();
-        const auto dc_name = _proxy.get_token_metadata_ptr()->get_topology().get_datacenter();
+    std::optional<utils::UUID> timestamp;
+    auto dynamodb = rjson::empty_object();
+    auto record = rjson::empty_object();
+    const auto dc_name = _proxy.get_token_metadata_ptr()->get_topology().get_datacenter();
 
-        using op_utype = std::underlying_type_t<cdc::operation>;
+    using op_utype = std::underlying_type_t<cdc::operation>;
 
-        auto maybe_add_record = [&] {
-            if (!dynamodb.ObjectEmpty()) {
-                rjson::add(record, "dynamodb", std::move(dynamodb));
-                dynamodb = rjson::empty_object();
-            }
-            if (!record.ObjectEmpty()) {
-                rjson::add(record, "awsRegion", rjson::from_string(dc_name));
-                rjson::add(record, "eventID", event_id(iter.shard.id, *timestamp));
-                rjson::add(record, "eventSource", "scylladb:alternator");
-                rjson::add(record, "eventVersion", "1.0");
-                rjson::push_back(records, std::move(record));
-                record = rjson::empty_object();
-                --limit;
-            }
-        };
+    auto maybe_add_record = [&] {
+        if (!dynamodb.ObjectEmpty()) {
+            rjson::add(record, "dynamodb", std::move(dynamodb));
+            dynamodb = rjson::empty_object();
+        }
+        if (!record.ObjectEmpty()) {
+            rjson::add(record, "awsRegion", rjson::from_string(dc_name));
+            rjson::add(record, "eventID", event_id(iter.shard.id, *timestamp));
+            rjson::add(record, "eventSource", "scylladb:alternator");
+            rjson::add(record, "eventVersion", "1.1");
+            rjson::push_back(records, std::move(record));
+            record = rjson::empty_object();
+            --limit;
+        }
+    };
 
-        for (auto& row : result_set->rows()) {
-            auto op = static_cast<cdc::operation>(value_cast<op_utype>(data_type_for<op_utype>()->deserialize(*row[op_index])));
-            auto ts = value_cast<utils::UUID>(data_type_for<utils::UUID>()->deserialize(*row[ts_index]));
-            auto eor = row[eor_index].has_value() ? value_cast<bool>(boolean_type->deserialize(*row[eor_index])) : false;
+    for (auto& row : result_set->rows()) {
+        auto op = static_cast<cdc::operation>(value_cast<op_utype>(data_type_for<op_utype>()->deserialize(*row[op_index])));
+        auto ts = value_cast<utils::UUID>(data_type_for<utils::UUID>()->deserialize(*row[ts_index]));
+        auto eor = row[eor_index].has_value() ? value_cast<bool>(boolean_type->deserialize(*row[eor_index])) : false;
 
-            if (!dynamodb.HasMember("Keys")) {
-                auto keys = rjson::empty_object();
-                describe_single_item(*selection, row, key_names, keys);
-                rjson::add(dynamodb, "Keys", std::move(keys));
-                rjson::add(dynamodb, "ApproximateCreationDateTime", utils::UUID_gen::unix_timestamp_in_sec(ts).count());
-                rjson::add(dynamodb, "SequenceNumber", sequence_number(ts));
-                rjson::add(dynamodb, "StreamViewType", type);
-                // TODO: SizeBytes
-            }
-
-            /**
-             * We merge rows with same timestamp into a single event.
-             * This is pretty much needed, because a CDC row typically
-             * encodes ~half the info of an alternator write. 
-             * 
-             * A big, big downside to how alternator records are written
-             * (i.e. CQL), is that the distinction between INSERT and UPDATE
-             * is somewhat lost/unmappable to actual eventName. 
-             * A write (currently) always looks like an insert+modify
-             * regardless whether we wrote existing record or not. 
-             * 
-             * Maybe RMW ops could be done slightly differently so 
-             * we can distinguish them here...
-             * 
-             * For now, all writes will become MODIFY.
-             * 
-             * Note: we do not check the current pre/post
-             * flags on CDC log, instead we use data to 
-             * drive what is returned. This is (afaict)
-             * consistent with dynamo streams
-             */
-            switch (op) {
-            case cdc::operation::pre_image:
-            case cdc::operation::post_image:
-            {
-                auto item = rjson::empty_object();
-                describe_single_item(*selection, row, attr_names, item, nullptr, true);
-                describe_single_item(*selection, row, key_names, item);
-                rjson::add(dynamodb, op == cdc::operation::pre_image ? "OldImage" : "NewImage", std::move(item));
-                break;
-            }
-            case cdc::operation::update:
-                rjson::add(record, "eventName", "MODIFY");
-                break;
-            case cdc::operation::insert:
-                rjson::add(record, "eventName", "INSERT");
-                break;
-            default:
-                rjson::add(record, "eventName", "REMOVE");
-                break;
-            }
-            if (eor) {
-                maybe_add_record();
-                timestamp = ts;
-                if (limit == 0) {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
+        if (!dynamodb.HasMember("Keys")) {
+            auto keys = rjson::empty_object();
+            describe_single_item(*selection, row, key_names, keys);
+            rjson::add(dynamodb, "Keys", std::move(keys));
+            rjson::add(dynamodb, "ApproximateCreationDateTime", utils::UUID_gen::unix_timestamp_in_sec(ts).count());
+            rjson::add(dynamodb, "SequenceNumber", sequence_number(ts));
+            rjson::add(dynamodb, "StreamViewType", type);
+            // TODO: SizeBytes
         }
 
-        auto ret = rjson::empty_object();
-        auto nrecords = records.Size();
-        rjson::add(ret, "Records", std::move(records));
-
-        if (nrecords != 0) {
-            // #9642. Set next iterators threshold to > last
-            shard_iterator next_iter(iter.table, iter.shard, *timestamp, false);
-            // Note that here we unconditionally return NextShardIterator,
-            // without checking if maybe we reached the end-of-shard. If the
-            // shard did end, then the next read will have nrecords == 0 and
-            // will notice end end of shard and not return NextShardIterator.
-            rjson::add(ret, "NextShardIterator", next_iter);
-            _stats.api_operations.get_records_latency.mark(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time);
-            return make_ready_future<executor::request_return_type>(rjson::print(std::move(ret)));
+        /**
+         * We merge rows with same timestamp into a single event.
+         * This is pretty much needed, because a CDC row typically
+         * encodes ~half the info of an alternator write. 
+         * 
+         * A big, big downside to how alternator records are written
+         * (i.e. CQL), is that the distinction between INSERT and UPDATE
+         * is somewhat lost/unmappable to actual eventName. 
+         * A write (currently) always looks like an insert+modify
+         * regardless whether we wrote existing record or not. 
+         * 
+         * Maybe RMW ops could be done slightly differently so 
+         * we can distinguish them here...
+         * 
+         * For now, all writes will become MODIFY.
+         * 
+         * Note: we do not check the current pre/post
+         * flags on CDC log, instead we use data to 
+         * drive what is returned. This is (afaict)
+         * consistent with dynamo streams
+         */
+        switch (op) {
+        case cdc::operation::pre_image:
+        case cdc::operation::post_image:
+        {
+            auto item = rjson::empty_object();
+            describe_single_item(*selection, row, attr_names, item, nullptr, true);
+            describe_single_item(*selection, row, key_names, item);
+            rjson::add(dynamodb, op == cdc::operation::pre_image ? "OldImage" : "NewImage", std::move(item));
+            break;
         }
-
-        // ugh. figure out if we are and end-of-shard
-        auto normal_token_owners = _proxy.get_token_metadata_ptr()->count_normal_token_owners();
-
-        return _sdks.cdc_current_generation_timestamp({ normal_token_owners }).then([this, iter, high_ts, start_time, ret = std::move(ret)](db_clock::time_point ts) mutable {
-            auto& shard = iter.shard;            
-
-            if (shard.time < ts && ts < high_ts) {
-                // The DynamoDB documentation states that when a shard is
-                // closed, reading it until the end has NextShardIterator
-                // "set to null". Our test test_streams_closed_read
-                // confirms that by "null" they meant not set at all.
-            } else {
-                // We could have return the same iterator again, but we did
-                // a search from it until high_ts and found nothing, so we
-                // can also start the next search from high_ts.
-                // TODO: but why? It's simpler just to leave the iterator be.
-                shard_iterator next_iter(iter.table, iter.shard, utils::UUID_gen::min_time_UUID(high_ts.time_since_epoch()), true);
-                rjson::add(ret, "NextShardIterator", iter);
+        case cdc::operation::update:
+            rjson::add(record, "eventName", "MODIFY");
+            break;
+        case cdc::operation::insert:
+            rjson::add(record, "eventName", "INSERT");
+            break;
+        case cdc::operation::service_row_delete:
+        case cdc::operation::service_partition_delete:
+        {
+            auto user_identity = rjson::empty_object();
+            rjson::add(user_identity, "Type", "Service");
+            rjson::add(user_identity, "PrincipalId", "dynamodb.amazonaws.com");
+            rjson::add(record, "userIdentity", std::move(user_identity));
+            rjson::add(record, "eventName", "REMOVE");
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            rjson::add(record, "eventName", "REMOVE");
+            break;
+        }
+        if (eor) {
+            maybe_add_record();
+            timestamp = ts;
+            if (limit == 0) {
+                break;
             }
-            _stats.api_operations.get_records_latency.mark(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time);
-            if (is_big(ret)) {
-                return make_ready_future<executor::request_return_type>(make_streamed(std::move(ret)));
-            }
-            return make_ready_future<executor::request_return_type>(rjson::print(std::move(ret)));
-        });
-    });
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto ret = rjson::empty_object();
+    auto nrecords = records.Size();
+    rjson::add(ret, "Records", std::move(records));
+
+    if (nrecords != 0) {
+        // #9642. Set next iterators threshold to > last
+        shard_iterator next_iter(iter.table, iter.shard, *timestamp, false);
+        // Note that here we unconditionally return NextShardIterator,
+        // without checking if maybe we reached the end-of-shard. If the
+        // shard did end, then the next read will have nrecords == 0 and
+        // will notice end end of shard and not return NextShardIterator.
+        rjson::add(ret, "NextShardIterator", next_iter);
+        _stats.api_operations.get_records_latency.mark(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time);
+        co_return rjson::print(std::move(ret));
+    }
+
+    // ugh. figure out if we are and end-of-shard
+    auto normal_token_owners = _proxy.get_token_metadata_ptr()->count_normal_token_owners();
+
+    db_clock::time_point ts = co_await _sdks.cdc_current_generation_timestamp({ normal_token_owners });
+    auto& shard = iter.shard;
+
+    if (shard.time < ts && ts < high_ts) {
+        // The DynamoDB documentation states that when a shard is
+        // closed, reading it until the end has NextShardIterator
+        // "set to null". Our test test_streams_closed_read
+        // confirms that by "null" they meant not set at all.
+    } else {
+        // We could have return the same iterator again, but we did
+        // a search from it until high_ts and found nothing, so we
+        // can also start the next search from high_ts.
+        // TODO: but why? It's simpler just to leave the iterator be.
+        shard_iterator next_iter(iter.table, iter.shard, utils::UUID_gen::min_time_UUID(high_ts.time_since_epoch()), true);
+        rjson::add(ret, "NextShardIterator", iter);
+    }
+    _stats.api_operations.get_records_latency.mark(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time);
+    if (is_big(ret)) {
+        co_return make_streamed(std::move(ret));
+    }
+    co_return rjson::print(std::move(ret));
 }
 
 bool executor::add_stream_options(const rjson::value& stream_specification, schema_builder& builder, service::storage_proxy& sp) {
@@ -1064,9 +1068,7 @@ bool executor::add_stream_options(const rjson::value& stream_specification, sche
     }
 
     if (stream_enabled->GetBool()) {
-        auto db = sp.data_dictionary();
-
-        if (!db.features().alternator_streams) {
+        if (!sp.features().alternator_streams) {
             throw api_error::validation("StreamSpecification: alternator streams feature not enabled in cluster.");
         }
 
@@ -1125,4 +1127,4 @@ void executor::supplement_table_stream_info(rjson::value& descr, const schema& s
     }
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace alternator

alternator/ttl.cc

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <seastar/core/lowres_clock.hh>
 #include <seastar/coroutine/maybe_yield.hh>
 
+#include "cdc/log.hh"
 #include "exceptions/exceptions.hh"
 #include "gms/gossiper.hh"
 #include "gms/inet_address.hh"
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@
 #include "alternator/executor.hh"
 #include "alternator/controller.hh"
 #include "alternator/serialization.hh"
+#include "alternator/ttl_tag.hh"
 #include "dht/sharder.hh"
 #include "db/config.hh"
 #include "db/tags/utils.hh"
@@ -56,19 +58,10 @@ static logging::logger tlogger("alternator_ttl");
 
 namespace alternator {
 
-// We write the expiration-time attribute enabled on a table in a
-// tag TTL_TAG_KEY.
-// Currently, the *value* of this tag is simply the name of the attribute,
-// and the expiration scanner interprets it as an Alternator attribute name -
-// It can refer to a real column or if that doesn't exist, to a member of
-// the ":attrs" map column. Although this is designed for Alternator, it may
-// be good enough for CQL as well (there, the ":attrs" column won't exist).
-extern const sstring TTL_TAG_KEY;
-
 future<executor::request_return_type> executor::update_time_to_live(client_state& client_state, service_permit permit, rjson::value request) {
     _stats.api_operations.update_time_to_live++;
-    if (!_proxy.data_dictionary().features().alternator_ttl) {
-        co_return api_error::unknown_operation("UpdateTimeToLive not yet supported. Experimental support is available if the 'alternator-ttl' experimental feature is enabled on all nodes.");
+    if (!_proxy.features().alternator_ttl) {
+        co_return api_error::unknown_operation("UpdateTimeToLive not yet supported. Upgrade all nodes to a version that supports it.");
     }
 
     schema_ptr schema = get_table(_proxy, request);
@@ -92,9 +85,9 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> executor::update_time_to_live(client_state
     if (v->GetStringLength() < 1 || v->GetStringLength() > 255) {
         co_return api_error::validation("The length of AttributeName must be between 1 and 255");
     }
-    sstring attribute_name(v->GetString(), v->GetStringLength());
+    sstring attribute_name = rjson::to_sstring(*v);
 
-    co_await verify_permission(_enforce_authorization, client_state, schema, auth::permission::ALTER);
+    co_await verify_permission(_enforce_authorization, _warn_authorization, client_state, schema, auth::permission::ALTER, _stats);
     co_await db::modify_tags(_mm, schema->ks_name(), schema->cf_name(), [&](std::map<sstring, sstring>& tags_map) {
         if (enabled) {
             if (tags_map.contains(TTL_TAG_KEY)) {
@@ -140,7 +133,7 @@ future<executor::request_return_type> executor::describe_time_to_live(client_sta
 
 // expiration_service is a sharded service responsible for cleaning up expired
 // items in all tables with per-item expiration enabled. Currently, this means
-// Alternator tables with TTL configured via a UpdateTimeToLive request.
+// Alternator tables with TTL configured via an UpdateTimeToLive request.
 //
 // Here is a brief overview of how the expiration service works:
 //
@@ -292,7 +285,12 @@ static future<> expire_item(service::storage_proxy& proxy,
         db::consistency_level::LOCAL_QUORUM,
         executor::default_timeout(), // FIXME - which timeout?
         qs.get_trace_state(), qs.get_permit(),
-        db::allow_per_partition_rate_limit::no);
+        db::allow_per_partition_rate_limit::no,
+        false,
+        cdc::per_request_options{
+            .is_system_originated = true,
+        }
+    );
 }
 
 static size_t random_offset(size_t min, size_t max) {
@@ -318,9 +316,7 @@ static future<std::vector<std::pair<dht::token_range, locator::host_id>>> get_se
     const auto& tm = *erm->get_token_metadata_ptr();
     const auto& sorted_tokens = tm.sorted_tokens();
     std::vector<std::pair<dht::token_range, locator::host_id>> ret;
-    if (sorted_tokens.empty()) {
-        on_internal_error(tlogger, "Token metadata is empty");
-    }
+    throwing_assert(!sorted_tokens.empty());
     auto prev_tok = sorted_tokens.back();
     for (const auto& tok : sorted_tokens) {
         co_await coroutine::maybe_yield();
@@ -557,7 +553,7 @@ static future<> scan_table_ranges(
         expiration_service::stats& expiration_stats)
 {
     const schema_ptr& s = scan_ctx.s;
-    SCYLLA_ASSERT (partition_ranges.size() == 1); // otherwise issue #9167 will cause incorrect results.
+    throwing_assert(partition_ranges.size() == 1); // otherwise issue #9167 will cause incorrect results.
     auto p = service::pager::query_pagers::pager(proxy, s, scan_ctx.selection, *scan_ctx.query_state_ptr,
             *scan_ctx.query_options, scan_ctx.command, std::move(partition_ranges), nullptr);
     while (!p->is_exhausted()) {
@@ -587,7 +583,7 @@ static future<> scan_table_ranges(
             if (retries >= 10) {
                 // Don't get stuck forever asking the same page, maybe there's
                 // a bug or a real problem in several replicas. Give up on
-                // this scan an retry the scan from a random position later,
+                // this scan and retry the scan from a random position later,
                 // in the next scan period.
                 throw runtime_exception("scanner thread failed after too many timeouts for the same page");
             }
@@ -634,13 +630,38 @@ static future<> scan_table_ranges(
                 }
             } else {
                 // For a real column to contain an expiration time, it
-                // must be a numeric type.
-                // FIXME: Currently we only support decimal_type (which is
-                // what Alternator uses), but other numeric types can be
-                // supported as well to make this feature more useful in CQL.
-                // Note that kind::decimal is also checked above.
-                big_decimal n = value_cast<big_decimal>(v);
-                expired = is_expired(n, now);
+                // must be a numeric type. We currently support decimal
+                // (used by Alternator TTL) as well as bigint, int and
+                // timestamp (used by CQL per-row TTL).
+                switch (meta[*expiration_column]->type->get_kind()) {
+                    case abstract_type::kind::decimal:
+                        // Used by Alternator TTL for key columns not stored
+                        // in the map. The value is in seconds, fractional
+                        // part is ignored.
+                        expired = is_expired(value_cast<big_decimal>(v), now);
+                        break;
+                    case abstract_type::kind::long_kind:
+                        // Used by CQL per-row TTL. The value is in seconds.
+                        expired = is_expired(gc_clock::time_point(std::chrono::seconds(value_cast<int64_t>(v))), now);
+                        break;
+                    case abstract_type::kind::int32:
+                        // Used by CQL per-row TTL. The value is in seconds.
+                        // Using int type is not recommended because it will
+                        // overflow in 2038, but we support it to allow users
+                        // to use existing int columns for expiration.
+                        expired = is_expired(gc_clock::time_point(std::chrono::seconds(value_cast<int32_t>(v))), now);
+                        break;
+                    case abstract_type::kind::timestamp:
+                        // Used by CQL per-row TTL. The value is in milliseconds
+                        // but we truncate it to gc_clock's precision (whole seconds).
+                        expired = is_expired(gc_clock::time_point(std::chrono::duration_cast<gc_clock::duration>(value_cast<db_clock::time_point>(v).time_since_epoch())), now);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        // Should never happen - we verified the column's type
+                        // before starting the scan.
+                        [[unlikely]]
+                        on_internal_error(tlogger, format("expiration scanner value of unsupported type {} in column {}", meta[*expiration_column]->type->cql3_type_name(), scan_ctx.column_name) );
+                }
             }
             if (expired) {
                 expiration_stats.items_deleted++;
@@ -702,16 +723,12 @@ static future<bool> scan_table(
         co_return false;
     }
     // attribute_name may be one of the schema's columns (in Alternator, this
-    // means it's a key column), or an element in Alternator's attrs map
-    // encoded in Alternator's JSON encoding.
-    // FIXME: To make this less Alternators-specific, we should encode in the
-    // single key's value three things:
-    // 1. The name of a column
-    // 2. Optionally if column is a map, a member in the map
-    // 3. The deserializer for the value: CQL or Alternator (JSON).
-    // The deserializer can be guessed: If the given column or map item is
-    // numeric, it can be used directly. If it is a "bytes" type, it needs to
-    // be deserialized using Alternator's deserializer.
+    // means a key column, in CQL it's a regular column), or an element in
+    // Alternator's attrs map encoded in Alternator's JSON encoding (which we
+    // decode). If attribute_name is a real column, in Alternator it will have
+    // the type decimal, counting seconds since the UNIX epoch, while in CQL
+    // it will one of the types bigint or int (counting seconds) or timestamp
+    // (counting milliseconds).
     bytes column_name = to_bytes(*attribute_name);
     const column_definition *cd = s->get_column_definition(column_name);
     std::optional<std::string> member;
@@ -730,11 +747,14 @@ static future<bool> scan_table(
     data_type column_type = cd->type;
     // Verify that the column has the right type: If "member" exists
     // the column must be a map, and if it doesn't, the column must
-    // (currently) be a decimal_type. If the column has the wrong type
-    // nothing can get expired in this table, and it's pointless to
-    // scan it.
+    // be decimal_type (Alternator), bigint, int or timestamp (CQL).
+    // If the column has the wrong type nothing can get expired in
+    // this table, and it's pointless to scan it.
     if ((member && column_type->get_kind() != abstract_type::kind::map) ||
-        (!member && column_type->get_kind() != abstract_type::kind::decimal)) {
+        (!member && column_type->get_kind() != abstract_type::kind::decimal &&
+         column_type->get_kind() != abstract_type::kind::long_kind &&
+         column_type->get_kind() != abstract_type::kind::int32 &&
+         column_type->get_kind() != abstract_type::kind::timestamp)) {
         tlogger.info("table {} TTL column has unsupported type, not scanning", s->cf_name());
         co_return false;
     }
@@ -747,7 +767,7 @@ static future<bool> scan_table(
         auto my_host_id = erm->get_topology().my_host_id();
         const auto &tablet_map = erm->get_token_metadata().tablets().get_tablet_map(s->id());
         for (std::optional tablet = tablet_map.first_tablet(); tablet; tablet = tablet_map.next_tablet(*tablet)) {
-            auto tablet_primary_replica = tablet_map.get_primary_replica(*tablet);
+            auto tablet_primary_replica = tablet_map.get_primary_replica(*tablet, erm->get_topology());
             // check if this is the primary replica for the current tablet
             if (tablet_primary_replica.host == my_host_id && tablet_primary_replica.shard == this_shard_id()) {
                 co_await scan_tablet(*tablet, proxy, abort_source, page_sem, expiration_stats, scan_ctx, tablet_map);
@@ -761,7 +781,7 @@ static future<bool> scan_table(
                 // by tasking another node to take over scanning of the dead node's primary
                 // ranges. What we do here is that this node will also check expiration
                 // on its *secondary* ranges - but only those whose primary owner is down.
-                auto tablet_secondary_replica = tablet_map.get_secondary_replica(*tablet); // throws if no secondary replica
+                auto tablet_secondary_replica = tablet_map.get_secondary_replica(*tablet, erm->get_topology()); // throws if no secondary replica
                 if (tablet_secondary_replica.host == my_host_id && tablet_secondary_replica.shard == this_shard_id()) {
                     if (!gossiper.is_alive(tablet_primary_replica.host)) {
                         co_await scan_tablet(*tablet, proxy, abort_source, page_sem, expiration_stats, scan_ctx, tablet_map);
@@ -872,12 +892,10 @@ future<> expiration_service::run() {
 future<> expiration_service::start() {
     // Called by main() on each shard to start the expiration-service
     // thread. Just runs run() in the background and allows stop().
-    if (_db.features().alternator_ttl) {
-        if (!shutting_down()) {
-            _end = run().handle_exception([] (std::exception_ptr ep) {
-                tlogger.error("expiration_service failed: {}", ep);
-            });
-        }
+    if (!shutting_down()) {
+        _end = run().handle_exception([] (std::exception_ptr ep) {
+            tlogger.error("expiration_service failed: {}", ep);
+        });
     }
     return make_ready_future<>();
 }

alternator/ttl.hh

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace alternator {
 
 // expiration_service is a sharded service responsible for cleaning up expired
 // items in all tables with per-item expiration enabled. Currently, this means
-// Alternator tables with TTL configured via a UpdateTimeToLeave request.
+// Alternator tables with TTL configured via an UpdateTimeToLive request.
 class expiration_service final : public seastar::peering_sharded_service<expiration_service> {
 public:
     // Object holding per-shard statistics related to the expiration service.
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ private:
     data_dictionary::database _db;
     service::storage_proxy& _proxy;
     gms::gossiper& _gossiper;
-    // _end is set by start(), and resolves when the the background service
+    // _end is set by start(), and resolves when the background service
     // started by it ends. To ask the background service to end, _abort_source
     // should be triggered. stop() below uses both _abort_source and _end.
     std::optional<future<>> _end;

alternator/ttl_tag.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2026-present ScyllaDB
+ */
+
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "seastarx.hh"
+#include <seastar/core/sstring.hh>
+
+namespace alternator {
+// We use the table tag TTL_TAG_KEY ("system:ttl_attribute") to remember
+// which attribute was chosen as the expiration-time attribute for
+// Alternator's TTL and CQL's per-row TTL features.
+// Currently, the *value* of this tag is simply the name of the attribute:
+// It can refer to a real column or if that doesn't exist, to a member of
+// the ":attrs" map column (which Alternator uses).
+extern const sstring TTL_TAG_KEY;
+} // namespace alternator
+
+// let users use TTL_TAG_KEY without the "alternator::" prefix,
+// to make it easier to move it to a different namespace later.
+using alternator::TTL_TAG_KEY;

api/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ set(swagger_files
   api-doc/column_family.json
   api-doc/commitlog.json
   api-doc/compaction_manager.json
+  api-doc/client_routes.json
   api-doc/config.json
   api-doc/cql_server_test.json
   api-doc/endpoint_snitch_info.json
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ target_sources(api
   PRIVATE
     api.cc
     cache_service.cc
+    client_routes.cc
     collectd.cc
     column_family.cc
     commitlog.cc
@@ -106,5 +108,8 @@ target_link_libraries(api
     wasmtime_bindings
     absl::headers)
 
+if (Scylla_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_USE)
+  target_precompile_headers(api REUSE_FROM scylla-precompiled-header)
+endif()
 check_headers(check-headers api
   GLOB_RECURSE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.hh)

api/api-doc/authorization_cache.json

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
       "operations":[
         {
           "method":"POST",
-          "summary":"Reset cache",
+          "summary":"Resets authorized prepared statements cache",
           "type":"void",
           "nickname":"authorization_cache_reset",
           "produces":[

api/api-doc/client_routes.def.json

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+    , "client_routes_entry": {
+        "id": "client_routes_entry",
+        "summary": "An entry storing client routes",
+        "properties": {
+            "connection_id": {"type": "string"},
+            "host_id": {"type": "string", "format": "uuid"},
+            "address": {"type": "string"},
+            "port": {"type": "integer"},
+            "tls_port": {"type": "integer"},
+            "alternator_port": {"type": "integer"},
+            "alternator_https_port": {"type": "integer"}
+        },
+        "required": ["connection_id", "host_id", "address"]
+    }
+    , "client_routes_key": {
+        "id": "client_routes_key",
+        "summary": "A key of client_routes_entry",
+        "properties": {
+            "connection_id": {"type": "string"},
+            "host_id": {"type": "string", "format": "uuid"}
+        }
+    }
+

api/api-doc/client_routes.json

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+    , "/v2/client-routes":{
+        "get": {
+            "description":"List all client route entries",
+            "operationId":"get_client_routes",
+            "tags":["client_routes"],
+            "produces":[
+                "application/json"
+            ],
+            "parameters":[],
+            "responses":{
+                "200":{
+                    "schema":{
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":{ "$ref":"#/definitions/client_routes_entry" }
+                    }
+                },
+                "default":{
+                    "description":"unexpected error",
+                    "schema":{"$ref":"#/definitions/ErrorModel"}
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "post": {
+            "description":"Upsert one or more client route entries",
+            "operationId":"set_client_routes",
+            "tags":["client_routes"],
+            "parameters":[
+                {
+                    "name":"body",
+                    "in":"body",
+                    "required":true,
+                    "schema":{
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":{ "$ref":"#/definitions/client_routes_entry" }
+                    }
+                }
+            ],
+            "responses":{
+                "200":{ "description": "OK" },
+                "default":{
+                    "description":"unexpected error",
+                    "schema":{ "$ref":"#/definitions/ErrorModel" }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "delete": {
+            "description":"Delete one or more client route entries",
+            "operationId":"delete_client_routes",
+            "tags":["client_routes"],
+            "parameters":[
+                {
+                    "name":"body",
+                    "in":"body",
+                    "required":true,
+                    "schema":{
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":{ "$ref":"#/definitions/client_routes_key" }
+                    }
+                }
+            ],
+            "responses":{
+                "200":{
+                    "description": "OK"
+                },
+                "default":{
+                    "description":"unexpected error",
+                    "schema":{
+                        "$ref":"#/definitions/ErrorModel"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+

api/api-doc/storage_service.json

@@ -220,6 +220,25 @@
             }
          ]
       },
+      {
+         "path":"/storage_service/nodes/excluded",
+         "operations":[
+            {
+               "method":"GET",
+               "summary":"Retrieve host ids of nodes which are marked as excluded",
+               "type":"array",
+               "items":{
+                  "type":"string"
+               },
+               "nickname":"get_excluded_nodes",
+               "produces":[
+                  "application/json"
+               ],
+               "parameters":[
+               ]
+            }
+         ]
+      },
       {
          "path":"/storage_service/nodes/joining",
          "operations":[
@@ -594,6 +613,50 @@
             }
          ]
       },
+      {
+         "path": "/storage_service/natural_endpoints/v2/{keyspace}",
+         "operations": [
+            {
+               "method": "GET",
+               "summary":"This method returns the N endpoints that are responsible for storing the specified key i.e for replication. the endpoint responsible for this key",
+               "type": "array",
+               "items": {
+                  "type": "string"
+               },
+               "nickname": "get_natural_endpoints_v2",
+               "produces": [
+                  "application/json"
+               ],
+               "parameters": [
+                  {
+                     "name": "keyspace",
+                     "description": "The keyspace to query about.",
+                     "required": true,
+                     "allowMultiple": false,
+                     "type": "string",
+                     "paramType": "path"
+                  },
+                  {
+                     "name": "cf",
+                     "description": "Column family name.",
+                     "required": true,
+                     "allowMultiple": false,
+                     "type": "string",
+                     "paramType": "query"
+                  },
+                  {
+                     "name": "key_component",
+                     "description": "Each component of the key for which we need to find the endpoint (e.g. ?key_component=part1&key_component=part2).",
+                     "required": true,
+                     "allowMultiple": true,
+                     "type": "string",
+                     "paramType": "query"
+                  }
+               ]
+            }
+         ]
+      },
+
       {
          "path":"/storage_service/cdc_streams_check_and_repair",
          "operations":[
@@ -898,6 +961,14 @@
                           "type":"string",
                           "paramType":"query",
                           "enum": ["all", "dc", "rack", "node"]
+                      },
+                      {
+                         "name":"primary_replica_only",
+                         "description":"Load the sstables and stream to the primary replica node within the scope, if one is specified. If not, stream to the global primary replica.",
+                         "required":false,
+                         "allowMultiple":false,
+                         "type":"boolean",
+                         "paramType":"query"
                       }
                   ]
               }
@@ -984,7 +1055,7 @@
          ]
       },
       {
-         "path":"/storage_service/cleanup_all",
+         "path":"/storage_service/cleanup_all/",
          "operations":[
             {
                "method":"POST",
@@ -994,6 +1065,30 @@
                "produces":[
                   "application/json"
                ],
+               "parameters":[
+                    {
+                     "name":"global",
+                     "description":"true if cleanup of entire cluster is requested",
+                     "required":false,
+                     "allowMultiple":false,
+                     "type":"boolean",
+                     "paramType":"query"
+                  }
+               ]
+            }
+         ]
+      },
+      {
+         "path":"/storage_service/mark_node_as_clean",
+         "operations":[
+            {
+               "method":"POST",
+               "summary":"Mark the node as clean. After that the node will not be considered as needing cleanup during automatic cleanup which is triggered by some topology operations",
+               "type":"void",
+               "nickname":"reset_cleanup_needed",
+               "produces":[
+                  "application/json"
+               ],
                "parameters":[]
             }
          ]
@@ -1100,6 +1195,14 @@
                      "allowMultiple":false,
                      "type":"string",
                      "paramType":"query"
+                  },
+                  {
+                     "name": "drop_unfixable_sstables",
+                     "description": "When set to true, drop unfixable sstables. Applies only to scrub mode SEGREGATE.",
+                     "required":false,
+                     "allowMultiple":false,
+                     "type":"boolean",
+                     "paramType":"query"
                   }
                ]
             }
@@ -1519,6 +1622,30 @@
             }
          ]
       },
+      {
+         "path":"/storage_service/exclude_node",
+         "operations":[
+            {
+               "method":"POST",
+               "summary":"Marks the node as permanently down (excluded).",
+               "type":"void",
+               "nickname":"exclude_node",
+               "produces":[
+                  "application/json"
+               ],
+               "parameters":[
+                  {
+                     "name":"hosts",
+                     "description":"Comma-separated list of host ids to exclude",
+                     "required":true,
+                     "allowMultiple":false,
+                     "type":"string",
+                     "paramType":"query"
+                  }
+               ]
+            }
+         ]
+      },
       {
          "path":"/storage_service/removal_status",
          "operations":[
@@ -2924,7 +3051,7 @@
                   },
                   {
                      "name":"incremental_mode",
-                     "description":"Set the incremental repair mode. Can be 'disabled', 'regular', or 'full'. 'regular': The incremental repair logic is enabled. Unrepaired sstables will be included for repair. Repaired sstables will be skipped. The incremental repair states will be updated after repair. 'full': The incremental repair logic is enabled. Both repaired and unrepaired sstables will be included for repair. The incremental repair states will be updated after repair. 'disabled': The incremental repair logic is disabled completely. The incremental repair states, e.g., repaired_at in sstables and sstables_repaired_at in the system.tablets table, will not be updated after repair. When the option is not provided, it defaults to regular.",
+                     "description":"Set the incremental repair mode. Can be 'disabled', 'incremental', or 'full'. 'incremental': The incremental repair logic is enabled. Unrepaired sstables will be included for repair. Repaired sstables will be skipped. The incremental repair states will be updated after repair. 'full': The incremental repair logic is enabled. Both repaired and unrepaired sstables will be included for repair. The incremental repair states will be updated after repair. 'disabled': The incremental repair logic is disabled completely. The incremental repair states, e.g., repaired_at in sstables and sstables_repaired_at in the system.tablets table, will not be updated after repair. When the option is not provided, it defaults to incremental mode.",
                      "required":false,
                      "allowMultiple":false,
                      "type":"string",
@@ -2958,6 +3085,48 @@
             }
          ]
       },
+
+      {
+         "path":"/storage_service/tablets/snapshots",
+         "operations":[
+            {
+               "method":"POST",
+               "summary":"Takes the snapshot for the given keyspaces/tables. A snapshot name must be specified.",
+               "type":"void",
+               "nickname":"take_cluster_snapshot",
+               "produces":[
+                  "application/json"
+               ],
+               "parameters":[
+                  {
+                     "name":"tag",
+                     "description":"the tag given to the snapshot",
+                     "required":true,
+                     "allowMultiple":false,
+                     "type":"string",
+                     "paramType":"query"
+                  },
+                  {
+                     "name":"keyspace",
+                     "description":"Keyspace(s) to snapshot. Multiple keyspaces can be provided using a comma-separated list. If omitted, snapshot all keyspaces.",
+                     "required":false,
+                     "allowMultiple":false,
+                     "type":"string",
+                     "paramType":"query"
+                  },
+                  {
+                     "name":"table",
+                     "description":"Table(s) to snapshot. Multiple tables (in a single keyspace) can be provided using a comma-separated list. If omitted, snapshot all tables in the given keyspace(s).",
+                     "required":false,
+                     "allowMultiple":false,
+                     "type":"string",
+                     "paramType":"query"
+                  }
+               ]
+            }
+         ]
+      },
+
       {
          "path":"/storage_service/quiesce_topology",
          "operations":[

api/api-doc/tasks.json

@@ -42,6 +42,14 @@
                      "allowMultiple":false,
                      "type":"boolean",
                      "paramType":"query"
+                  },
+                  {
+                     "name":"consider_only_existing_data",
+                     "description":"Set to \"true\" to flush all memtables and force tombstone garbage collection to check only the sstables being compacted (false by default). The memtable, commitlog and other uncompacted sstables will not be checked during tombstone garbage collection.",
+                     "required":false,
+                     "allowMultiple":false,
+                     "type":"boolean",
+                     "paramType":"query"
                   }
                ]
             }

api/api.cc

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include "raft.hh"
 #include "gms/gossip_address_map.hh"
 #include "service_levels.hh"
+#include "client_routes.hh"
 
 logging::logger apilog("api");
 
@@ -67,9 +68,11 @@ future<> set_server_init(http_context& ctx) {
         rb02->set_api_doc(r);
         rb02->register_api_file(r, "swagger20_header");
         rb02->register_api_file(r, "metrics");
+        rb02->register_api_file(r, "client_routes");
         rb->register_function(r, "system",
                 "The system related API");
         rb02->add_definitions_file(r, "metrics");
+        rb02->add_definitions_file(r, "client_routes");
         set_system(ctx, r);
         rb->register_function(r, "error_injection",
             "The error injection API");
@@ -129,6 +132,16 @@ future<> unset_server_storage_service(http_context& ctx) {
     return ctx.http_server.set_routes([&ctx] (routes& r) { unset_storage_service(ctx, r); });
 }
 
+future<> set_server_client_routes(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::client_routes_service>& cr) {
+    return ctx.http_server.set_routes([&ctx, &cr] (routes& r) {
+        set_client_routes(ctx, r, cr);
+    });
+}
+
+future<> unset_server_client_routes(http_context& ctx) {
+    return ctx.http_server.set_routes([&ctx] (routes& r) { unset_client_routes(ctx, r); });
+}
+
 future<> set_load_meter(http_context& ctx, service::load_meter& lm) {
     return ctx.http_server.set_routes([&ctx, &lm] (routes& r) { set_load_meter(ctx, r, lm); });
 }
@@ -216,10 +229,10 @@ future<> unset_server_gossip(http_context& ctx) {
     });
 }
 
-future<> set_server_column_family(http_context& ctx, sharded<replica::database>& db, sharded<db::system_keyspace>& sys_ks) {
+future<> set_server_column_family(http_context& ctx, sharded<replica::database>& db) {
     co_await register_api(ctx, "column_family",
-                "The column family API", [&db, &sys_ks] (http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
-                    set_column_family(ctx, r, db, sys_ks);
+                "The column family API", [&db] (http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
+                    set_column_family(ctx, r, db);
                 });
     co_await register_api(ctx, "cache_service",
             "The cache service API", [&db] (http_context& ctx, routes& r) {

api/api.hh

@@ -23,31 +23,6 @@
 
 namespace api {
 
-template<class T>
-std::vector<T> map_to_key_value(const std::map<sstring, sstring>& map) {
-    std::vector<T> res;
-    res.reserve(map.size());
-
-    for (const auto& [key, value] : map) {
-        res.push_back(T());
-        res.back().key = key;
-        res.back().value = value;
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-template<class T, class MAP>
-std::vector<T>& map_to_key_value(const MAP& map, std::vector<T>& res) {
-    res.reserve(res.size() + std::size(map));
-
-    for (const auto& [key, value] : map) {
-        T val;
-        val.key = fmt::to_string(key);
-        val.value = fmt::to_string(value);
-        res.push_back(val);
-    }
-    return res;
-}
 template <typename T, typename S = T>
 T map_sum(T&& dest, const S& src) {
     for (const auto& i : src) {

api/api_init.hh

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ class storage_proxy;
 class storage_service;
 class raft_group0_client;
 class raft_group_registry;
+class client_routes_service;
 
 } // namespace service
 
@@ -58,7 +59,6 @@ class sstables_format_selector;
 namespace view {
 class view_builder;
 }
-class system_keyspace;
 }
 namespace netw { class messaging_service; }
 class repair_service;
@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ future<> set_server_snitch(http_context& ctx, sharded<locator::snitch_ptr>& snit
 future<> unset_server_snitch(http_context& ctx);
 future<> set_server_storage_service(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, service::raft_group0_client&);
 future<> unset_server_storage_service(http_context& ctx);
+future<> set_server_client_routes(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::client_routes_service>& cr);
+future<> unset_server_client_routes(http_context& ctx);
 future<> set_server_sstables_loader(http_context& ctx, sharded<sstables_loader>& sst_loader);
 future<> unset_server_sstables_loader(http_context& ctx);
 future<> set_server_view_builder(http_context& ctx, sharded<db::view::view_builder>& vb, sharded<gms::gossiper>& g);
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ future<> set_server_token_metadata(http_context& ctx, sharded<locator::shared_to
 future<> unset_server_token_metadata(http_context& ctx);
 future<> set_server_gossip(http_context& ctx, sharded<gms::gossiper>& g);
 future<> unset_server_gossip(http_context& ctx);
-future<> set_server_column_family(http_context& ctx, sharded<replica::database>& db, sharded<db::system_keyspace>& sys_ks);
+future<> set_server_column_family(http_context& ctx, sharded<replica::database>& db);
 future<> unset_server_column_family(http_context& ctx);
 future<> set_server_messaging_service(http_context& ctx, sharded<netw::messaging_service>& ms);
 future<> unset_server_messaging_service(http_context& ctx);

api/client_routes.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025-present ScyllaDB
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
+ */
+
+ #include <seastar/http/short_streams.hh>
+
+#include "client_routes.hh"
+#include "api/api.hh"
+#include "service/storage_service.hh"
+#include "service/client_routes.hh"
+#include "utils/rjson.hh"
+
+
+#include "api/api-doc/client_routes.json.hh"
+
+using namespace seastar::httpd;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace json;
+
+extern logging::logger apilog;
+
+namespace api {
+
+static void validate_client_routes_endpoint(sharded<service::client_routes_service>& cr, sstring endpoint_name) {
+    if (!cr.local().get_feature_service().client_routes) {
+        apilog.warn("{}: called before the cluster feature was enabled", endpoint_name);
+        throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format("{} requires all nodes to support the CLIENT_ROUTES cluster feature", endpoint_name));
+    }
+}
+
+static sstring parse_string(const char* name, rapidjson::Value const& v) {
+    const auto it = v.FindMember(name);
+    if (it == v.MemberEnd()) {
+        throw bad_param_exception(fmt::format("Missing '{}'", name));
+    }
+    if (!it->value.IsString()) {
+        throw bad_param_exception(fmt::format("'{}' must be a string", name));
+    }
+    return {it->value.GetString(), it->value.GetStringLength()};
+}
+
+static std::optional<uint32_t> parse_port(const char* name, rapidjson::Value const& v) {
+    const auto it = v.FindMember(name);
+    if (it == v.MemberEnd()) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (!it->value.IsInt()) {
+        throw bad_param_exception(fmt::format("'{}' must be an integer", name));
+    }
+    auto port = it->value.GetInt();
+    if (port < 1 || port > 65535) {
+        throw bad_param_exception(fmt::format("'{}' value={} is outside the allowed port range", name, port));
+    }
+    return port;
+}
+
+static std::vector<service::client_routes_service::client_route_entry> parse_set_client_array(const rapidjson::Document& root) {
+    if (!root.IsArray()) {
+        throw bad_param_exception("Body must be a JSON array");
+    }
+
+    std::vector<service::client_routes_service::client_route_entry> v;
+    v.reserve(root.GetArray().Size());
+    for (const auto& element : root.GetArray()) {
+        if (!element.IsObject()) { throw bad_param_exception("Each element must be object"); }
+
+        const auto port = parse_port("port", element);
+        const auto tls_port = parse_port("tls_port", element);
+        const auto alternator_port = parse_port("alternator_port", element);
+        const auto alternator_https_port = parse_port("alternator_https_port", element);
+
+        if (!port.has_value() && !tls_port.has_value() && !alternator_port.has_value() && !alternator_https_port.has_value()) {
+            throw bad_param_exception("At least one port field ('port', 'tls_port', 'alternator_port', 'alternator_https_port') must be specified");
+        }
+
+        v.emplace_back(
+            parse_string("connection_id", element),
+            utils::UUID{parse_string("host_id", element)},
+            parse_string("address", element),
+            port,
+            tls_port,
+            alternator_port,
+            alternator_https_port
+        );
+    }
+
+    return v;
+}
+
+static
+future<json::json_return_type>
+rest_set_client_routes(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::client_routes_service>& cr, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
+    validate_client_routes_endpoint(cr, "rest_set_client_routes");
+
+    rapidjson::Document root;
+    auto content = co_await util::read_entire_stream_contiguous(*req->content_stream);
+    root.Parse(content.c_str());
+
+    co_await cr.local().set_client_routes(parse_set_client_array(root));
+    co_return seastar::json::json_void();
+}
+
+static std::vector<service::client_routes_service::client_route_key> parse_delete_client_array(const rapidjson::Document& root) {
+    if (!root.IsArray()) {
+        throw bad_param_exception("Body must be a JSON array");
+    }
+
+    std::vector<service::client_routes_service::client_route_key> v;
+    v.reserve(root.GetArray().Size());
+    for (const auto& element : root.GetArray()) {
+        v.emplace_back(
+            parse_string("connection_id", element),
+            utils::UUID{parse_string("host_id", element)}
+        );
+    }
+
+    return v;
+}
+
+static
+future<json::json_return_type>
+rest_delete_client_routes(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::client_routes_service>& cr, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
+    validate_client_routes_endpoint(cr, "delete_client_routes");
+
+    rapidjson::Document root;
+    auto content = co_await util::read_entire_stream_contiguous(*req->content_stream);
+    root.Parse(content.c_str());
+
+    co_await cr.local().delete_client_routes(parse_delete_client_array(root));
+    co_return seastar::json::json_void();
+}
+
+static
+future<json::json_return_type>
+rest_get_client_routes(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::client_routes_service>& cr, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
+    validate_client_routes_endpoint(cr, "get_client_routes");
+
+    co_return co_await cr.invoke_on(0, [] (service::client_routes_service& cr) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
+        co_return json::json_return_type(stream_range_as_array(co_await cr.get_client_routes(), [](const service::client_routes_service::client_route_entry & entry) {
+            seastar::httpd::client_routes_json::client_routes_entry obj;
+            obj.connection_id = entry.connection_id;
+            obj.host_id = fmt::to_string(entry.host_id);
+            obj.address = entry.address;
+            if (entry.port.has_value()) { obj.port = entry.port.value(); }
+            if (entry.tls_port.has_value()) { obj.tls_port = entry.tls_port.value(); }
+            if (entry.alternator_port.has_value()) { obj.alternator_port = entry.alternator_port.value(); }
+            if (entry.alternator_https_port.has_value()) { obj.alternator_https_port = entry.alternator_https_port.value(); }
+            return obj;
+        }));
+    });
+}
+
+void set_client_routes(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<service::client_routes_service>& cr) {
+    seastar::httpd::client_routes_json::set_client_routes.set(r, [&ctx, &cr] (std::unique_ptr<seastar::http::request> req) {
+        return rest_set_client_routes(ctx, cr, std::move(req));
+    });
+    seastar::httpd::client_routes_json::delete_client_routes.set(r, [&ctx, &cr] (std::unique_ptr<seastar::http::request> req) {
+        return rest_delete_client_routes(ctx, cr, std::move(req));
+    });
+    seastar::httpd::client_routes_json::get_client_routes.set(r, [&ctx, &cr] (std::unique_ptr<seastar::http::request> req) {
+        return rest_get_client_routes(ctx, cr, std::move(req));
+    });
+}
+
+void unset_client_routes(http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
+    seastar::httpd::client_routes_json::set_client_routes.unset(r);
+    seastar::httpd::client_routes_json::delete_client_routes.unset(r);
+    seastar::httpd::client_routes_json::get_client_routes.unset(r);
+}
+
+}

api/client_routes.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025-present ScyllaDB
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <seastar/core/sharded.hh>
+#include <seastar/json/json_elements.hh>
+#include "api/api_init.hh"
+
+namespace api {
+
+void set_client_routes(http_context& ctx, httpd::routes& r, sharded<service::client_routes_service>& cr);
+void unset_client_routes(http_context& ctx, httpd::routes& r);
+
+}

api/column_family.cc

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include "utils/assert.hh"
 #include "utils/estimated_histogram.hh"
 #include <algorithm>
-#include "db/system_keyspace.hh"
 #include "db/data_listeners.hh"
 #include "storage_service.hh"
 #include "compaction/compaction_manager.hh"
@@ -67,6 +66,13 @@ static future<json::json_return_type>  get_cf_stats(sharded<replica::database>&
     }, std::plus<int64_t>());
 }
 
+static future<json::json_return_type>  get_cf_stats(sharded<replica::database>& db,
+        std::function<int64_t(const replica::column_family_stats&)> f) {
+    return map_reduce_cf(db, int64_t(0), [f](const replica::column_family& cf) {
+        return f(cf.get_stats());
+    }, std::plus<int64_t>());
+}
+
 static future<json::json_return_type> for_tables_on_all_shards(sharded<replica::database>& db, std::vector<table_info> tables, std::function<future<>(replica::table&)> set) {
     return do_with(std::move(tables), [&db, set] (const std::vector<table_info>& tables) {
         return db.invoke_on_all([&tables, set] (replica::database& db) {
@@ -336,7 +342,7 @@ uint64_t accumulate_on_active_memtables(replica::table& t, noncopyable_function<
     return ret;
 }
 
-void set_column_family(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<replica::database>& db, sharded<db::system_keyspace>& sys_ks) {
+void set_column_family(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<replica::database>& db) {
     cf::get_column_family_name.set(r, [&db] (const_req req){
         std::vector<sstring> res;
         const replica::database::tables_metadata& meta = db.local().get_tables_metadata();
@@ -937,30 +943,6 @@ void set_column_family(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<replica::database>&
         return set_tables_tombstone_gc(db, std::move(tables), false);
     });
 
-    cf::get_built_indexes.set(r, [&db, &sys_ks](std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
-        auto [ks, cf_name] = parse_fully_qualified_cf_name(req->get_path_param("name"));
-        // Use of load_built_views() as filtering table should be in sync with
-        // built_indexes_virtual_reader filtering with BUILT_VIEWS table
-        return sys_ks.local().load_built_views().then([ks, cf_name, &db](const std::vector<db::system_keyspace::view_name>& vb) mutable {
-            std::set<sstring> vp;
-            for (auto b : vb) {
-                if (b.first == ks) {
-                    vp.insert(b.second);
-                }
-            }
-            std::vector<sstring> res;
-            auto uuid = validate_table(db.local(), ks, cf_name);
-            replica::column_family& cf = db.local().find_column_family(uuid);
-            res.reserve(cf.get_index_manager().list_indexes().size());
-            for (auto&& i : cf.get_index_manager().list_indexes()) {
-                if (vp.contains(secondary_index::index_table_name(i.metadata().name()))) {
-                    res.emplace_back(i.metadata().name());
-                }
-            }
-            return make_ready_future<json::json_return_type>(res);
-        });
-    });
-
     cf::get_compression_metadata_off_heap_memory_used.set(r, [](const_req) {
         // FIXME
         // Currently there are no information on the compression
@@ -1091,10 +1073,14 @@ void set_column_family(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<replica::database>&
     });
 
     ss::get_load.set(r, [&db] (std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
-        return get_cf_stats(db, &replica::column_family_stats::live_disk_space_used);
+        return get_cf_stats(db, [](const replica::column_family_stats& stats) {
+            return stats.live_disk_space_used.on_disk;
+        });
     });
     ss::get_metrics_load.set(r, [&db] (std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
-        return get_cf_stats(db, &replica::column_family_stats::live_disk_space_used);
+        return get_cf_stats(db, [](const replica::column_family_stats& stats) {
+            return stats.live_disk_space_used.on_disk;
+        });
     });
 
     ss::get_keyspaces.set(r, [&db] (const_req req) {
@@ -1215,7 +1201,6 @@ void unset_column_family(http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
     cf::disable_tombstone_gc.unset(r);
     ss::enable_tombstone_gc.unset(r);
     ss::disable_tombstone_gc.unset(r);
-    cf::get_built_indexes.unset(r);
     cf::get_compression_metadata_off_heap_memory_used.unset(r);
     cf::get_compression_parameters.unset(r);
     cf::get_compression_ratio.unset(r);

api/column_family.hh

@@ -13,13 +13,9 @@
 #include <any>
 #include "api/api_init.hh"
 
-namespace db {
-class system_keyspace;
-}
-
 namespace api {
 
-void set_column_family(http_context& ctx, httpd::routes& r, sharded<replica::database>& db, sharded<db::system_keyspace>& sys_ks);
+void set_column_family(http_context& ctx, httpd::routes& r, sharded<replica::database>& db);
 void unset_column_family(http_context& ctx, httpd::routes& r);
 
 table_info parse_table_info(const sstring& name, const replica::database& db);

api/error_injection.cc

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ namespace hf = httpd::error_injection_json;
 
 void set_error_injection(http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
 
-    hf::enable_injection.set(r, [](std::unique_ptr<request> req) {
+    hf::enable_injection.set(r, [](std::unique_ptr<request> req) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
         sstring injection = req->get_path_param("injection");
         bool one_shot = req->get_query_param("one_shot") == "True";
-        auto params = req->content;
+        auto params = co_await util::read_entire_stream_contiguous(*req->content_stream);
 
         const size_t max_params_size = 1024 * 1024;
         if (params.size() > max_params_size) {
@@ -39,12 +39,11 @@ void set_error_injection(http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
                 : rjson::parse_to_map<utils::error_injection_parameters>(params);
 
             auto& errinj = utils::get_local_injector();
-            return errinj.enable_on_all(injection, one_shot, std::move(parameters)).then([] {
-                return make_ready_future<json::json_return_type>(json::json_void());
-            });
+            co_await errinj.enable_on_all(injection, one_shot, std::move(parameters));
         } catch (const rjson::error& e) {
             throw httpd::bad_param_exception(format("Failed to parse injections parameters: {}", e.what()));
         }
+        co_return json::json_void();
     });
 
     hf::get_enabled_injections_on_all.set(r, [](std::unique_ptr<request> req) {

api/storage_service.cc

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "utils/hash.hh"
 #include <optional>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <functional>
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@
 #include "gms/gossiper.hh"
 #include "db/system_keyspace.hh"
 #include <seastar/http/exception.hh>
+#include <seastar/http/short_streams.hh>
 #include <seastar/core/coroutine.hh>
 #include <seastar/coroutine/parallel_for_each.hh>
 #include <seastar/coroutine/exception.hh>
@@ -272,6 +274,13 @@ scrub_info parse_scrub_options(const http_context& ctx, std::unique_ptr<http::re
         throw httpd::bad_param_exception(fmt::format("Unknown argument for 'quarantine_mode' parameter: {}", quarantine_mode_str));
     }
 
+    if(req_param<bool>(*req, "drop_unfixable_sstables", false)) {
+        if(scrub_mode != compaction::compaction_type_options::scrub::mode::segregate) {
+            throw httpd::bad_param_exception("The 'drop_unfixable_sstables' parameter is only valid when 'scrub_mode' is 'SEGREGATE'");
+        }
+        info.opts.drop_unfixable = compaction::compaction_type_options::scrub::drop_unfixable_sstables::yes;
+    }
+
     return info;
 }
 
@@ -496,17 +505,26 @@ void set_sstables_loader(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<sstables_loader>&
         auto bucket = req->get_query_param("bucket");
         auto prefix = req->get_query_param("prefix");
         auto scope = parse_stream_scope(req->get_query_param("scope"));
+        auto primary_replica_only = validate_bool_x(req->get_query_param("primary_replica_only"), false);
 
-        // TODO: the http_server backing the API does not use content streaming
-        // should use it for better performance
-        rjson::value parsed = rjson::parse(req->content);
+        rjson::chunked_content content = co_await util::read_entire_stream(*req->content_stream);
+        rjson::value parsed = rjson::parse(std::move(content));
         if (!parsed.IsArray()) {
             throw httpd::bad_param_exception("malformatted sstables in body");
         }
         auto sstables = parsed.GetArray() |
             std::views::transform([] (const auto& s) { return sstring(rjson::to_string_view(s)); }) |
             std::ranges::to<std::vector>();
-        auto task_id = co_await sst_loader.local().download_new_sstables(keyspace, table, prefix, std::move(sstables), endpoint, bucket, scope);
+        apilog.info("Restore invoked with following parameters: keyspace={}, table={}, endpoint={}, bucket={}, prefix={}, sstables_count={}, scope={}, primary_replica_only={}",
+                    keyspace,
+                    table,
+                    endpoint,
+                    bucket,
+                    prefix,
+                    sstables.size(),
+                    scope,
+                    primary_replica_only);
+        auto task_id = co_await sst_loader.local().download_new_sstables(keyspace, table, prefix, std::move(sstables), endpoint, bucket, scope, primary_replica_only);
         co_return json::json_return_type(fmt::to_string(task_id));
     });
 
@@ -518,19 +536,42 @@ void unset_sstables_loader(http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
 }
 
 void set_view_builder(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<db::view::view_builder>& vb, sharded<gms::gossiper>& g) {
-    ss::view_build_statuses.set(r, [&ctx, &vb, &g] (std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
+    ss::view_build_statuses.set(r, [&ctx, &vb, &g] (std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
         auto keyspace = validate_keyspace(ctx, req);
         auto view = req->get_path_param("view");
-        return vb.local().view_build_statuses(std::move(keyspace), std::move(view), g.local()).then([] (std::unordered_map<sstring, sstring> status) {
-            std::vector<storage_service_json::mapper> res;
-            return make_ready_future<json::json_return_type>(map_to_key_value(std::move(status), res));
-        });
+        co_return json::json_return_type(stream_range_as_array(co_await vb.local().view_build_statuses(std::move(keyspace), std::move(view), g.local()), [] (const auto& i) {
+            storage_service_json::mapper res;
+            res.key = i.first;
+            res.value = i.second;
+            return res;
+        }));
+    });
+
+    cf::get_built_indexes.set(r, [&vb](std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
+        auto [ks, cf_name] = parse_fully_qualified_cf_name(req->get_path_param("name"));
+        // Use of load_built_views() as filtering table should be in sync with
+        // built_indexes_virtual_reader filtering with BUILT_VIEWS table
+        std::vector<db::system_keyspace::view_name> vn = co_await vb.local().get_sys_ks().load_built_views();
+        std::set<sstring> vp;
+        for (auto b : vn) {
+            if (b.first == ks) {
+                vp.insert(b.second);
+            }
+        }
+        replica::database& db = vb.local().get_db();
+        auto uuid = validate_table(db, ks, cf_name);
+        replica::column_family& cf = db.find_column_family(uuid);
+        co_return cf.get_index_manager().list_indexes()
+                | std::views::transform([] (const auto& i) { return i.metadata().name(); })
+                | std::views::filter([&vp] (const auto& n) { return vp.contains(secondary_index::index_table_name(n)); })
+                | std::ranges::to<std::vector>();
     });
 
 }
 
 void unset_view_builder(http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
     ss::view_build_statuses.unset(r);
+    cf::get_built_indexes.unset(r);
 }
 
 static future<json::json_return_type> describe_ring_as_json(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, sstring keyspace) {
@@ -541,6 +582,16 @@ static future<json::json_return_type> describe_ring_as_json_for_table(const shar
     co_return json::json_return_type(stream_range_as_array(co_await ss.local().describe_ring_for_table(keyspace, table), token_range_endpoints_to_json));
 }
 
+namespace {
+template <typename Key, typename Value>
+storage_service_json::mapper map_to_json(const std::pair<Key, Value>& i) {
+    storage_service_json::mapper val;
+    val.key = fmt::to_string(i.first);
+    val.value = fmt::to_string(i.second);
+    return val;
+}
+}
+
 static
 future<json::json_return_type>
 rest_get_token_endpoint(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
@@ -558,12 +609,7 @@ rest_get_token_endpoint(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss
             throw bad_param_exception("Either provide both keyspace and table (for tablet table) or neither (for vnodes)");
         }
 
-        co_return json::json_return_type(stream_range_as_array(token_endpoints, [](const auto& i) {
-            storage_service_json::mapper val;
-            val.key = fmt::to_string(i.first);
-            val.value = fmt::to_string(i.second);
-            return val;
-        }));
+        co_return json::json_return_type(stream_range_as_array(token_endpoints, &map_to_json<dht::token, gms::inet_address>));
 }
 
 static
@@ -647,7 +693,6 @@ rest_get_range_to_endpoint_map(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_servi
             table_id = validate_table(ctx.db.local(), keyspace, table);
         }
 
-        std::vector<ss::maplist_mapper> res;
         co_return stream_range_as_array(co_await ss.local().get_range_to_address_map(keyspace, table_id),
                 [](const std::pair<dht::token_range, inet_address_vector_replica_set>& entry){
             ss::maplist_mapper m;
@@ -710,6 +755,14 @@ rest_get_natural_endpoints(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>&
         return res | std::views::transform([] (auto& ep) { return fmt::to_string(ep); }) | std::ranges::to<std::vector>();
 }
 
+static
+json::json_return_type
+rest_get_natural_endpoints_v2(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, const_req req) {
+        auto keyspace = validate_keyspace(ctx, req);
+        auto res = ss.local().get_natural_endpoints(keyspace, req.get_query_param("cf"), req.get_query_param_array("key_component"));
+        return res | std::views::transform([] (auto& ep) { return fmt::to_string(ep); }) | std::ranges::to<std::vector>();
+}
+
 static
 future<json::json_return_type>
 rest_cdc_streams_check_and_repair(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
@@ -723,25 +776,43 @@ rest_cdc_streams_check_and_repair(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::un
 static
 future<json::json_return_type>
 rest_cleanup_all(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
-        apilog.info("cleanup_all");
-        auto done = co_await ss.invoke_on(0, [] (service::storage_service& ss) -> future<bool> {
-            if (!ss.is_topology_coordinator_enabled()) {
-                co_return false;
-            }
-            co_await ss.do_cluster_cleanup();
-            co_return true;
-        });
-        if (done) {
+        bool global = true;
+        if (auto global_param = req->get_query_param("global"); !global_param.empty()) {
+            global = validate_bool(global_param);
+        }
+
+        apilog.info("cleanup_all global={}", global);
+
+        if (global) {
+            co_await ss.invoke_on(0, [] (service::storage_service& ss) -> future<> {
+                co_return co_await ss.do_clusterwide_vnodes_cleanup();
+            });
             co_return json::json_return_type(0);
         }
-        // fall back to the local global cleanup if topology coordinator is not enabled
+        // fall back to the local cleanup if local cleanup is requested
         auto& db = ctx.db;
         auto& compaction_module = db.local().get_compaction_manager().get_task_manager_module();
         auto task = co_await compaction_module.make_and_start_task<compaction::global_cleanup_compaction_task_impl>({}, db);
         co_await task->done();
+
+        // Mark this node as clean
+        co_await ss.invoke_on(0, [] (service::storage_service& ss) -> future<> {
+            co_await ss.reset_cleanup_needed();
+        });
+
         co_return json::json_return_type(0);
 }
 
+static
+future<json::json_return_type>
+rest_reset_cleanup_needed(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
+        apilog.info("reset_cleanup_needed");
+        co_await ss.invoke_on(0, [] (service::storage_service& ss) {
+            return ss.reset_cleanup_needed();
+        });
+        co_return json_void();
+}
+
 static
 future<json::json_return_type>
 rest_force_flush(http_context& ctx, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
@@ -804,6 +875,25 @@ rest_remove_node(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::re
         });
 }
 
+static
+future<json::json_return_type>
+rest_exclude_node(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
+    auto hosts = utils::split_comma_separated_list(req->get_query_param("hosts"))
+        | std::views::transform([] (const sstring& s) { return locator::host_id(utils::UUID(s)); })
+        | std::ranges::to<std::vector<locator::host_id>>();
+
+    auto& topo = ss.local().get_token_metadata().get_topology();
+    for (auto host : hosts) {
+        if (!topo.has_node(host)) {
+            throw bad_param_exception(fmt::format("Host ID {} does not belong to this cluster", host));
+        }
+    }
+
+    apilog.info("exclude_node: hosts={}", hosts);
+    co_await ss.local().mark_excluded(hosts);
+    co_return json_void();
+}
+
 static
 future<json::json_return_type>
 rest_get_removal_status(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
@@ -1224,10 +1314,7 @@ rest_get_ownership(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std
             throw httpd::bad_param_exception("storage_service/ownership cannot be used when a keyspace uses tablets");
         }
 
-        return ss.local().get_ownership().then([] (auto&& ownership) {
-            std::vector<storage_service_json::mapper> res;
-            return make_ready_future<json::json_return_type>(map_to_key_value(ownership, res));
-        });
+        co_return json::json_return_type(stream_range_as_array(co_await ss.local().get_ownership(), &map_to_json<gms::inet_address, float>));
 }
 
 static
@@ -1244,10 +1331,7 @@ rest_get_effective_ownership(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service
             }
         }
 
-        return ss.local().effective_ownership(keyspace_name, table_name).then([] (auto&& ownership) {
-            std::vector<storage_service_json::mapper> res;
-            return make_ready_future<json::json_return_type>(map_to_key_value(ownership, res));
-        });
+        co_return json::json_return_type(stream_range_as_array(co_await ss.local().effective_ownership(keyspace_name, table_name), &map_to_json<gms::inet_address, float>));
 }
 
 static
@@ -1257,7 +1341,7 @@ rest_estimate_compression_ratios(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_ser
         apilog.warn("estimate_compression_ratios: called before the cluster feature was enabled");
         throw std::runtime_error("estimate_compression_ratios requires all nodes to support the SSTABLE_COMPRESSION_DICTS cluster feature");
     }
-    auto ticket = get_units(ss.local().get_do_sample_sstables_concurrency_limiter(), 1);
+    auto ticket = co_await get_units(ss.local().get_do_sample_sstables_concurrency_limiter(), 1);
     auto ks = api::req_param<sstring>(*req, "keyspace", {}).value;
     auto cf = api::req_param<sstring>(*req, "cf", {}).value;
     apilog.debug("estimate_compression_ratios: called with ks={} cf={}", ks, cf);
@@ -1323,7 +1407,7 @@ rest_retrain_dict(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, serv
         apilog.warn("retrain_dict: called before the cluster feature was enabled");
         throw std::runtime_error("retrain_dict requires all nodes to support the SSTABLE_COMPRESSION_DICTS cluster feature");
     }
-    auto ticket = get_units(ss.local().get_do_sample_sstables_concurrency_limiter(), 1);
+    auto ticket = co_await get_units(ss.local().get_do_sample_sstables_concurrency_limiter(), 1);
     auto ks = api::req_param<sstring>(*req, "keyspace", {}).value;
     auto cf = api::req_param<sstring>(*req, "cf", {}).value;
     apilog.debug("retrain_dict: called with ks={} cf={}", ks, cf);
@@ -1481,16 +1565,7 @@ rest_reload_raft_topology_state(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, service::
 static
 future<json::json_return_type>
 rest_upgrade_to_raft_topology(sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
-        apilog.info("Requested to schedule upgrade to raft topology");
-        try {
-            co_await ss.invoke_on(0, [] (auto& ss) {
-                return ss.start_upgrade_to_raft_topology();
-            });
-        } catch (...) {
-            auto ex = std::current_exception();
-            apilog.error("Failed to schedule upgrade to raft topology: {}", ex);
-            std::rethrow_exception(std::move(ex));
-        }
+        apilog.info("Requested to schedule upgrade to raft topology, but this version does not need it since it uses raft topology by default.");
         co_return json_void();
 }
 
@@ -1721,13 +1796,16 @@ void set_storage_service(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<service::storage_
     ss::describe_ring.set(r, rest_bind(rest_describe_ring, ctx, ss));
     ss::get_current_generation_number.set(r, rest_bind(rest_get_current_generation_number, ss));
     ss::get_natural_endpoints.set(r, rest_bind(rest_get_natural_endpoints, ctx, ss));
+    ss::get_natural_endpoints_v2.set(r, rest_bind(rest_get_natural_endpoints_v2, ctx, ss));
     ss::cdc_streams_check_and_repair.set(r, rest_bind(rest_cdc_streams_check_and_repair, ss));
     ss::cleanup_all.set(r, rest_bind(rest_cleanup_all, ctx, ss));
+    ss::reset_cleanup_needed.set(r, rest_bind(rest_reset_cleanup_needed, ctx, ss));
     ss::force_flush.set(r, rest_bind(rest_force_flush, ctx));
     ss::force_keyspace_flush.set(r, rest_bind(rest_force_keyspace_flush, ctx));
     ss::decommission.set(r, rest_bind(rest_decommission, ss));
     ss::move.set(r, rest_bind(rest_move, ss));
     ss::remove_node.set(r, rest_bind(rest_remove_node, ss));
+    ss::exclude_node.set(r, rest_bind(rest_exclude_node, ss));
     ss::get_removal_status.set(r, rest_bind(rest_get_removal_status, ss));
     ss::force_remove_completion.set(r, rest_bind(rest_force_remove_completion, ss));
     ss::set_logging_level.set(r, rest_bind(rest_set_logging_level));
@@ -1800,11 +1878,13 @@ void unset_storage_service(http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
     ss::get_natural_endpoints.unset(r);
     ss::cdc_streams_check_and_repair.unset(r);
     ss::cleanup_all.unset(r);
+    ss::reset_cleanup_needed.unset(r);
     ss::force_flush.unset(r);
     ss::force_keyspace_flush.unset(r);
     ss::decommission.unset(r);
     ss::move.unset(r);
     ss::remove_node.unset(r);
+    ss::exclude_node.unset(r);
     ss::get_removal_status.unset(r);
     ss::force_remove_completion.unset(r);
     ss::set_logging_level.unset(r);
@@ -1927,12 +2007,16 @@ void set_snapshot(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<db::snapshot_ctl>& snap_
         auto tag = req->get_query_param("tag");
         auto column_families = split(req->get_query_param("cf"), ",");
         auto sfopt = req->get_query_param("sf");
-        auto sf = db::snapshot_ctl::skip_flush(strcasecmp(sfopt.c_str(), "true") == 0);
+        auto tcopt = req->get_query_param("tc");
+
+        db::snapshot_options opts = {
+            .skip_flush = strcasecmp(sfopt.c_str(), "true") == 0,
+        };
 
         std::vector<sstring> keynames = split(req->get_query_param("kn"), ",");
         try {
             if (column_families.empty()) {
-                co_await snap_ctl.local().take_snapshot(tag, keynames, sf);
+                co_await snap_ctl.local().take_snapshot(tag, keynames, opts);
             } else {
                 if (keynames.empty()) {
                     throw httpd::bad_param_exception("The keyspace of column families must be specified");
@@ -1940,7 +2024,7 @@ void set_snapshot(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<db::snapshot_ctl>& snap_
                 if (keynames.size() > 1) {
                     throw httpd::bad_param_exception("Only one keyspace allowed when specifying a column family");
                 }
-                co_await snap_ctl.local().take_column_family_snapshot(keynames[0], column_families, tag, sf);
+                co_await snap_ctl.local().take_column_family_snapshot(keynames[0], column_families, tag, opts);
             }
             co_return json_void();
         } catch (...) {
@@ -1949,6 +2033,27 @@ void set_snapshot(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<db::snapshot_ctl>& snap_
         }
     });
 
+    ss::take_cluster_snapshot.set(r, [&snap_ctl](std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
+        apilog.info("take_cluster_snapshot: {}", req->get_query_params());
+        auto tag = req->get_query_param("tag");
+        auto column_families = split(req->get_query_param("table"), ",");
+        // Note: not published/active. Retain as internal option, but...
+        auto sfopt = req->get_query_param("skip_flush");
+
+        db::snapshot_options opts = {
+            .skip_flush = strcasecmp(sfopt.c_str(), "true") == 0,
+        };
+
+        std::vector<sstring> keynames = split(req->get_query_param("keyspace"), ",");
+        try {
+            co_await snap_ctl.local().take_cluster_column_family_snapshot(keynames, column_families, tag, opts);
+            co_return json_void();
+        } catch (...) {
+            apilog.error("take_cluster_snapshot failed: {}", std::current_exception());
+            throw;
+        }
+    });
+
     ss::del_snapshot.set(r, [&snap_ctl](std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
         apilog.info("del_snapshot: {}", req->get_query_params());
         auto tag = req->get_query_param("tag");
@@ -1975,7 +2080,8 @@ void set_snapshot(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<db::snapshot_ctl>& snap_
         auto info = parse_scrub_options(ctx, std::move(req));
 
         if (!info.snapshot_tag.empty()) {
-            co_await snap_ctl.local().take_column_family_snapshot(info.keyspace, info.column_families, info.snapshot_tag, db::snapshot_ctl::skip_flush::no);
+            db::snapshot_options opts = {.skip_flush = false};
+            co_await snap_ctl.local().take_column_family_snapshot(info.keyspace, info.column_families, info.snapshot_tag, opts);
         }
 
         compaction::compaction_stats stats;

api/system.cc

@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ void set_system(http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
 
     hm::set_metrics_config.set(r, [](std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
         rapidjson::Document doc;
-        doc.Parse(req->content.c_str());
+        auto content = co_await util::read_entire_stream_contiguous(*req->content_stream);
+        doc.Parse(content.c_str());
         if (!doc.IsArray()) {
             throw bad_param_exception("Expected a json array");
         }
@@ -87,21 +88,19 @@ void set_system(http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
                 relabels[i].expr = element["regex"].GetString();
             }
         }
-        return do_with(std::move(relabels), false, [](const std::vector<seastar::metrics::relabel_config>& relabels, bool& failed) {
-            return smp::invoke_on_all([&relabels, &failed] {
-                return metrics::set_relabel_configs(relabels).then([&failed](const metrics::metric_relabeling_result& result) {
-                    if (result.metrics_relabeled_due_to_collision > 0) {
-                        failed = true;
-                    }
-                    return;
-                });
-            }).then([&failed](){
-                if (failed) {
-                    throw bad_param_exception("conflicts found during relabeling");
+        bool failed = false;
+        co_await smp::invoke_on_all([&relabels, &failed] {
+            return metrics::set_relabel_configs(relabels).then([&failed](const metrics::metric_relabeling_result& result) {
+                if (result.metrics_relabeled_due_to_collision > 0) {
+                    failed = true;
                 }
-                return make_ready_future<json::json_return_type>(seastar::json::json_void());
+                return;
             });
         });
+        if (failed) {
+            throw bad_param_exception("conflicts found during relabeling");
+        }
+        co_return seastar::json::json_void();
     });
 
     hs::get_system_uptime.set(r, [](const_req req) {

api/task_manager.cc

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <seastar/core/chunked_fifo.hh>
 #include <seastar/core/coroutine.hh>
 #include <seastar/coroutine/exception.hh>
+#include <seastar/coroutine/maybe_yield.hh>
 #include <seastar/http/exception.hh>
 
 #include "task_manager.hh"
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ void set_task_manager(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<tasks::task_manager>
                 if (id) {
                     module->unregister_task(id);
                 }
-                co_await maybe_yield();
+                co_await coroutine::maybe_yield();
             }
         });
         co_return json_void();

api/tasks.cc

@@ -38,76 +38,78 @@ static auto wrap_ks_cf(http_context &ctx, ks_cf_func f) {
     };
 }
 
+static future<shared_ptr<compaction::major_keyspace_compaction_task_impl>> force_keyspace_compaction(http_context& ctx, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
+    auto& db = ctx.db;
+    auto [ keyspace, table_infos ] = parse_table_infos(ctx, *req, "cf");
+    auto flush = validate_bool_x(req->get_query_param("flush_memtables"), true);
+    auto consider_only_existing_data = validate_bool_x(req->get_query_param("consider_only_existing_data"), false);
+    apilog.info("force_keyspace_compaction: keyspace={} tables={}, flush={} consider_only_existing_data={}", keyspace, table_infos, flush, consider_only_existing_data);
+
+    auto& compaction_module = db.local().get_compaction_manager().get_task_manager_module();
+    std::optional<compaction::flush_mode> fmopt;
+    if (!flush && !consider_only_existing_data) {
+        fmopt = compaction::flush_mode::skip;
+    }
+    return compaction_module.make_and_start_task<compaction::major_keyspace_compaction_task_impl>({}, std::move(keyspace), tasks::task_id::create_null_id(), db, table_infos, fmopt, consider_only_existing_data);
+}
+
+static future<shared_ptr<compaction::upgrade_sstables_compaction_task_impl>> upgrade_sstables(http_context& ctx, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req, sstring keyspace, std::vector<table_info> table_infos) {
+    auto& db = ctx.db;
+    bool exclude_current_version = req_param<bool>(*req, "exclude_current_version", false);
+
+    apilog.info("upgrade_sstables: keyspace={} tables={} exclude_current_version={}", keyspace, table_infos, exclude_current_version);
+
+    auto& compaction_module = db.local().get_compaction_manager().get_task_manager_module();
+    return compaction_module.make_and_start_task<compaction::upgrade_sstables_compaction_task_impl>({}, std::move(keyspace), db, table_infos, exclude_current_version);
+}
+
+static future<shared_ptr<compaction::cleanup_keyspace_compaction_task_impl>> force_keyspace_cleanup(http_context& ctx, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) {
+    auto& db = ctx.db;
+    auto [keyspace, table_infos] = parse_table_infos(ctx, *req);
+    const auto& rs = db.local().find_keyspace(keyspace).get_replication_strategy();
+    if (rs.is_local() || !rs.is_vnode_based()) {
+        auto reason = rs.is_local() ? "require" : "support";
+        apilog.info("Keyspace {} does not {} cleanup", keyspace, reason);
+        co_return nullptr;
+    }
+    apilog.info("force_keyspace_cleanup: keyspace={} tables={}", keyspace, table_infos);
+    if (!co_await ss.local().is_vnodes_cleanup_allowed(keyspace)) {
+        auto msg = "Can not perform cleanup operation when topology changes";
+        apilog.warn("force_keyspace_cleanup: keyspace={} tables={}: {}", keyspace, table_infos, msg);
+        co_await coroutine::return_exception(std::runtime_error(msg));
+    }
+
+    auto& compaction_module = db.local().get_compaction_manager().get_task_manager_module();
+    co_return co_await compaction_module.make_and_start_task<compaction::cleanup_keyspace_compaction_task_impl>(
+        {}, std::move(keyspace), db, table_infos, compaction::flush_mode::all_tables, tasks::is_user_task::yes);
+}
+
 void set_tasks_compaction_module(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<service::storage_service>& ss, sharded<db::snapshot_ctl>& snap_ctl) {
     t::force_keyspace_compaction_async.set(r, [&ctx](std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
-        auto& db = ctx.db;
-        auto [ keyspace, table_infos ] = parse_table_infos(ctx, *req, "cf");
-        auto flush = validate_bool_x(req->get_query_param("flush_memtables"), true);
-        apilog.debug("force_keyspace_compaction_async: keyspace={} tables={}, flush={}", keyspace, table_infos, flush);
-
-        auto& compaction_module = db.local().get_compaction_manager().get_task_manager_module();
-        std::optional<compaction::flush_mode> fmopt;
-        if (!flush) {
-            fmopt = compaction::flush_mode::skip;
-        }
-        auto task = co_await compaction_module.make_and_start_task<compaction::major_keyspace_compaction_task_impl>({}, std::move(keyspace), tasks::task_id::create_null_id(), db, table_infos, fmopt);
-
+        auto task = co_await force_keyspace_compaction(ctx, std::move(req));
         co_return json::json_return_type(task->get_status().id.to_sstring());
     });
 
     ss::force_keyspace_compaction.set(r, [&ctx](std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
-        auto& db = ctx.db;
-        auto [ keyspace, table_infos ] = parse_table_infos(ctx, *req, "cf");
-        auto flush = validate_bool_x(req->get_query_param("flush_memtables"), true);
-        auto consider_only_existing_data = validate_bool_x(req->get_query_param("consider_only_existing_data"), false);
-        apilog.info("force_keyspace_compaction: keyspace={} tables={}, flush={} consider_only_existing_data={}", keyspace, table_infos, flush, consider_only_existing_data);
-
-        auto& compaction_module = db.local().get_compaction_manager().get_task_manager_module();
-        std::optional<compaction::flush_mode> fmopt;
-        if (!flush && !consider_only_existing_data) {
-            fmopt = compaction::flush_mode::skip;
-        }
-        auto task = co_await compaction_module.make_and_start_task<compaction::major_keyspace_compaction_task_impl>({}, std::move(keyspace), tasks::task_id::create_null_id(), db, table_infos, fmopt, consider_only_existing_data);
+        auto task = co_await force_keyspace_compaction(ctx, std::move(req));
         co_await task->done();
         co_return json_void();
     });
 
     t::force_keyspace_cleanup_async.set(r, [&ctx, &ss](std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
-        auto& db = ctx.db;
-        auto [keyspace, table_infos] = parse_table_infos(ctx, *req);
-        apilog.info("force_keyspace_cleanup_async: keyspace={} tables={}", keyspace, table_infos);
-        if (!co_await ss.local().is_cleanup_allowed(keyspace)) {
-            auto msg = "Can not perform cleanup operation when topology changes";
-            apilog.warn("force_keyspace_cleanup_async: keyspace={} tables={}: {}", keyspace, table_infos, msg);
-            co_await coroutine::return_exception(std::runtime_error(msg));
+        tasks::task_id id = tasks::task_id::create_null_id();
+        auto task = co_await force_keyspace_cleanup(ctx, ss, std::move(req));
+        if (task) {
+            id = task->get_status().id;
         }
-
-        auto& compaction_module = db.local().get_compaction_manager().get_task_manager_module();
-        auto task = co_await compaction_module.make_and_start_task<compaction::cleanup_keyspace_compaction_task_impl>({}, std::move(keyspace), db, table_infos, compaction::flush_mode::all_tables, tasks::is_user_task::yes);
-
-        co_return json::json_return_type(task->get_status().id.to_sstring());
+        co_return json::json_return_type(id.to_sstring());
     });
 
     ss::force_keyspace_cleanup.set(r, [&ctx, &ss](std::unique_ptr<http::request> req) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
-        auto& db = ctx.db;
-        auto [keyspace, table_infos] = parse_table_infos(ctx, *req);
-        const auto& rs = db.local().find_keyspace(keyspace).get_replication_strategy();
-        if (rs.is_local() || !rs.is_vnode_based()) {
-            auto reason = rs.is_local() ? "require" : "support";
-            apilog.info("Keyspace {} does not {} cleanup", keyspace, reason);
-            co_return json::json_return_type(0);
+        auto task = co_await force_keyspace_cleanup(ctx, ss, std::move(req));
+        if (task) {
+            co_await task->done();
         }
-        apilog.info("force_keyspace_cleanup: keyspace={} tables={}", keyspace, table_infos);
-        if (!co_await ss.local().is_cleanup_allowed(keyspace)) {
-            auto msg = "Can not perform cleanup operation when topology changes";
-            apilog.warn("force_keyspace_cleanup: keyspace={} tables={}: {}", keyspace, table_infos, msg);
-            co_await coroutine::return_exception(std::runtime_error(msg));
-        }
-
-        auto& compaction_module = db.local().get_compaction_manager().get_task_manager_module();
-        auto task = co_await compaction_module.make_and_start_task<compaction::cleanup_keyspace_compaction_task_impl>(
-            {}, std::move(keyspace), db, table_infos, compaction::flush_mode::all_tables, tasks::is_user_task::yes);
-        co_await task->done();
         co_return json::json_return_type(0);
     });
 
@@ -129,25 +131,12 @@ void set_tasks_compaction_module(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<service::
     }));
 
     t::upgrade_sstables_async.set(r, wrap_ks_cf(ctx, [] (http_context& ctx, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req, sstring keyspace, std::vector<table_info> table_infos) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
-        auto& db = ctx.db;
-        bool exclude_current_version = req_param<bool>(*req, "exclude_current_version", false);
-
-        apilog.info("upgrade_sstables: keyspace={} tables={} exclude_current_version={}", keyspace, table_infos, exclude_current_version);
-
-        auto& compaction_module = db.local().get_compaction_manager().get_task_manager_module();
-        auto task = co_await compaction_module.make_and_start_task<compaction::upgrade_sstables_compaction_task_impl>({}, std::move(keyspace), db, table_infos, exclude_current_version);
-
+        auto task = co_await upgrade_sstables(ctx, std::move(req), std::move(keyspace), std::move(table_infos));
         co_return json::json_return_type(task->get_status().id.to_sstring());
     }));
 
     ss::upgrade_sstables.set(r, wrap_ks_cf(ctx, [] (http_context& ctx, std::unique_ptr<http::request> req, sstring keyspace, std::vector<table_info> table_infos) -> future<json::json_return_type> {
-        auto& db = ctx.db;
-        bool exclude_current_version = req_param<bool>(*req, "exclude_current_version", false);
-
-        apilog.info("upgrade_sstables: keyspace={} tables={} exclude_current_version={}", keyspace, table_infos, exclude_current_version);
-
-        auto& compaction_module = db.local().get_compaction_manager().get_task_manager_module();
-        auto task = co_await compaction_module.make_and_start_task<compaction::upgrade_sstables_compaction_task_impl>({}, std::move(keyspace), db, table_infos, exclude_current_version);
+        auto task = co_await upgrade_sstables(ctx, std::move(req), std::move(keyspace), std::move(table_infos));
         co_await task->done();
         co_return json::json_return_type(0);
     }));
@@ -157,7 +146,8 @@ void set_tasks_compaction_module(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<service::
         auto info = parse_scrub_options(ctx, std::move(req));
 
         if (!info.snapshot_tag.empty()) {
-            co_await snap_ctl.local().take_column_family_snapshot(info.keyspace, info.column_families, info.snapshot_tag, db::snapshot_ctl::skip_flush::no);
+            db::snapshot_options opts = {.skip_flush = false};
+            co_await snap_ctl.local().take_column_family_snapshot(info.keyspace, info.column_families, info.snapshot_tag, opts);
         }
 
         auto& compaction_module = db.local().get_compaction_manager().get_task_manager_module();

api/token_metadata.cc

@@ -62,6 +62,17 @@ void set_token_metadata(http_context& ctx, routes& r, sharded<locator::shared_to
         return addr | std::ranges::to<std::vector>();
     });
 
+    ss::get_excluded_nodes.set(r, [&tm](const_req req) {
+        const auto& local_tm = *tm.local().get();
+        std::vector<sstring> eps;
+        local_tm.get_topology().for_each_node([&] (auto& node) {
+            if (node.is_excluded()) {
+                eps.push_back(node.host_id().to_sstring());
+            }
+        });
+        return eps;
+    });
+
     ss::get_joining_nodes.set(r, [&tm, &g](const_req req) {
         const auto& local_tm = *tm.local().get();
         const auto& points = local_tm.get_bootstrap_tokens();
@@ -130,6 +141,7 @@ void unset_token_metadata(http_context& ctx, routes& r) {
     ss::get_leaving_nodes.unset(r);
     ss::get_moving_nodes.unset(r);
     ss::get_joining_nodes.unset(r);
+    ss::get_excluded_nodes.unset(r);
     ss::get_host_id_map.unset(r);
     httpd::endpoint_snitch_info_json::get_datacenter.unset(r);
     httpd::endpoint_snitch_info_json::get_rack.unset(r);

audit/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ target_sources(scylla_audit
   PRIVATE
     audit.cc
     audit_cf_storage_helper.cc
+    audit_composite_storage_helper.cc
     audit_syslog_storage_helper.cc)
 target_include_directories(scylla_audit
   PUBLIC
@@ -16,4 +17,7 @@ target_link_libraries(scylla_audit
   PRIVATE
     cql3)
 
+if (Scylla_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_USE)
+  target_precompile_headers(scylla_audit REUSE_FROM scylla-precompiled-header)
+endif()
 add_whole_archive(audit scylla_audit)

audit/audit.cc

@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@
 #include "cql3/statements/batch_statement.hh"
 #include "cql3/statements/modification_statement.hh"
 #include "storage_helper.hh"
+#include "audit_cf_storage_helper.hh"
+#include "audit_syslog_storage_helper.hh"
+#include "audit_composite_storage_helper.hh"
 #include "audit.hh"
 #include "../db/config.hh"
-#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/split.hpp>
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/trim.hpp>
@@ -26,6 +28,47 @@ namespace audit {
 
 logging::logger logger("audit");
 
+static std::set<sstring> parse_audit_modes(const sstring& data) {
+    std::set<sstring> result;
+    if (!data.empty()) {
+        std::vector<sstring> audit_modes;
+        boost::split(audit_modes, data, boost::is_any_of(","));
+        if (audit_modes.empty()) {
+            return {};
+        }
+        for (sstring& audit_mode : audit_modes) {
+            boost::trim(audit_mode);
+            if (audit_mode == "none") {
+                return {};
+            }
+            if (audit_mode != "table" && audit_mode != "syslog") {
+                throw audit_exception(fmt::format("Bad configuration: invalid 'audit': {}", audit_mode));
+            }
+            result.insert(std::move(audit_mode));
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static std::unique_ptr<storage_helper> create_storage_helper(const std::set<sstring>& audit_modes, cql3::query_processor& qp, service::migration_manager& mm) {
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(!audit_modes.empty() && !audit_modes.contains("none"));
+
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<storage_helper>> helpers;
+    for (const sstring& audit_mode : audit_modes) {
+        if (audit_mode == "table") {
+            helpers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<audit_cf_storage_helper>(qp, mm));
+        } else if (audit_mode == "syslog") {
+            helpers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<audit_syslog_storage_helper>(qp, mm));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(!helpers.empty());
+    if (helpers.size() == 1) {
+        return std::move(helpers.front());
+    }
+    return std::make_unique<audit_composite_storage_helper>(std::move(helpers));
+}
+
 static sstring category_to_string(statement_category category)
 {
     switch (category) {
@@ -103,7 +146,9 @@ static std::set<sstring> parse_audit_keyspaces(const sstring& data) {
 }
 
 audit::audit(locator::shared_token_metadata& token_metadata,
-             sstring&& storage_helper_name,
+             cql3::query_processor& qp,
+             service::migration_manager& mm,
+             std::set<sstring>&& audit_modes,
              std::set<sstring>&& audited_keyspaces,
              std::map<sstring, std::set<sstring>>&& audited_tables,
              category_set&& audited_categories,
@@ -112,28 +157,21 @@ audit::audit(locator::shared_token_metadata& token_metadata,
     , _audited_keyspaces(std::move(audited_keyspaces))
     , _audited_tables(std::move(audited_tables))
     , _audited_categories(std::move(audited_categories))
-    , _storage_helper_class_name(std::move(storage_helper_name))
     , _cfg(cfg)
     , _cfg_keyspaces_observer(cfg.audit_keyspaces.observe([this] (sstring const& new_value){ update_config<std::set<sstring>>(new_value, parse_audit_keyspaces, _audited_keyspaces); }))
     , _cfg_tables_observer(cfg.audit_tables.observe([this] (sstring const& new_value){ update_config<std::map<sstring, std::set<sstring>>>(new_value, parse_audit_tables, _audited_tables); }))
     , _cfg_categories_observer(cfg.audit_categories.observe([this] (sstring const& new_value){ update_config<category_set>(new_value, parse_audit_categories, _audited_categories); }))
-{ }
+{
+    _storage_helper_ptr = create_storage_helper(std::move(audit_modes), qp, mm);
+}
 
 audit::~audit() = default;
 
-future<> audit::create_audit(const db::config& cfg, sharded<locator::shared_token_metadata>& stm) {
-    sstring storage_helper_name;
-    if (cfg.audit() == "table") {
-        storage_helper_name = "audit_cf_storage_helper";
-    } else if (cfg.audit() == "syslog") {
-        storage_helper_name = "audit_syslog_storage_helper";
-    } else if (cfg.audit() == "none") {
-        // Audit is off
+future<> audit::start_audit(const db::config& cfg, sharded<locator::shared_token_metadata>& stm, sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp, sharded<service::migration_manager>& mm) {
+    std::set<sstring> audit_modes = parse_audit_modes(cfg.audit());
+    if (audit_modes.empty()) {
         logger.info("Audit is disabled");
-
         return make_ready_future<>();
-    } else {
-        throw audit_exception(fmt::format("Bad configuration: invalid 'audit': {}", cfg.audit()));
     }
     category_set audited_categories = parse_audit_categories(cfg.audit_categories());
     std::map<sstring, std::set<sstring>> audited_tables = parse_audit_tables(cfg.audit_tables());
@@ -143,19 +181,20 @@ future<> audit::create_audit(const db::config& cfg, sharded<locator::shared_toke
                 cfg.audit(), cfg.audit_categories(), cfg.audit_keyspaces(), cfg.audit_tables());
 
     return audit_instance().start(std::ref(stm),
-                                  std::move(storage_helper_name),
+                                  std::ref(qp),
+                                  std::ref(mm),
+                                  std::move(audit_modes),
                                   std::move(audited_keyspaces),
                                   std::move(audited_tables),
                                   std::move(audited_categories),
-                                  std::cref(cfg));
-}
-
-future<> audit::start_audit(const db::config& cfg, sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp, sharded<service::migration_manager>& mm) {
-    if (!audit_instance().local_is_initialized()) {
-        return make_ready_future<>();
-    }
-    return audit_instance().invoke_on_all([&cfg, &qp, &mm] (audit& local_audit) {
-        return local_audit.start(cfg, qp.local(), mm.local());
+                                  std::cref(cfg))
+    .then([&cfg] {
+        if (!audit_instance().local_is_initialized()) {
+            return make_ready_future<>();
+        }
+        return audit_instance().invoke_on_all([&cfg] (audit& local_audit) {
+            return local_audit.start(cfg);
+        });
     });
 }
 
@@ -170,26 +209,14 @@ future<> audit::stop_audit() {
     });
 }
 
-audit_info_ptr audit::create_audit_info(statement_category cat, const sstring& keyspace, const sstring& table) {
+audit_info_ptr audit::create_audit_info(statement_category cat, const sstring& keyspace, const sstring& table, bool batch) {
     if (!audit_instance().local_is_initialized()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
-    return std::make_unique<audit_info>(cat, keyspace, table);
+    return std::make_unique<audit_info>(cat, keyspace, table, batch);
 }
 
-audit_info_ptr audit::create_no_audit_info() {
-    return audit_info_ptr();
-}
-
-future<> audit::start(const db::config& cfg, cql3::query_processor& qp, service::migration_manager& mm) {
-    try {
-        _storage_helper_ptr = create_object<storage_helper>(_storage_helper_class_name, qp, mm);
-    } catch (no_such_class& e) {
-        logger.error("Can't create audit storage helper {}: not supported", _storage_helper_class_name);
-        throw;
-    } catch (...) {
-        throw;
-    }
+future<> audit::start(const db::config& cfg) {
     return _storage_helper_ptr->start(cfg);
 }
 
@@ -236,18 +263,21 @@ future<> audit::log_login(const sstring& username, socket_address client_ip, boo
 }
 
 future<> inspect(shared_ptr<cql3::cql_statement> statement, service::query_state& query_state, const cql3::query_options& options, bool error) {
-    cql3::statements::batch_statement* batch = dynamic_cast<cql3::statements::batch_statement*>(statement.get());
-    if (batch != nullptr) {
+    auto audit_info = statement->get_audit_info();
+    if (!audit_info) {
+        return make_ready_future<>();
+    }
+    if (audit_info->batch()) {
+        cql3::statements::batch_statement* batch = static_cast<cql3::statements::batch_statement*>(statement.get());
         return do_for_each(batch->statements().begin(), batch->statements().end(), [&query_state, &options, error] (auto&& m) {
             return inspect(m.statement, query_state, options, error);
         });
     } else {
-        auto audit_info = statement->get_audit_info();
-        if (bool(audit_info) && audit::local_audit_instance().should_log(audit_info)) {
+        if (audit::local_audit_instance().should_log(audit_info)) {
             return audit::local_audit_instance().log(audit_info, query_state, options, error);
         }
+        return make_ready_future<>();
     }
-    return make_ready_future<>();
 }
 
 future<> inspect_login(const sstring& username, socket_address client_ip, bool error) {

audit/audit.hh

@@ -75,11 +75,13 @@ class audit_info final {
     sstring _keyspace;
     sstring _table;
     sstring _query;
+    bool _batch;
 public:
-    audit_info(statement_category cat, sstring keyspace, sstring table)
+    audit_info(statement_category cat, sstring keyspace, sstring table, bool batch)
         : _category(cat)
         , _keyspace(std::move(keyspace))
         , _table(std::move(table))
+        , _batch(batch)
     { }
     void set_query_string(const std::string_view& query_string) {
         _query = sstring(query_string);
@@ -89,6 +91,7 @@ public:
     const sstring& query() const { return _query; }
     sstring category_string() const;
     statement_category category() const { return _category; }
+    bool batch() const { return _batch; }
 };
 
 using audit_info_ptr = std::unique_ptr<audit_info>;
@@ -102,7 +105,6 @@ class audit final : public seastar::async_sharded_service<audit> {
     std::map<sstring, std::set<sstring>> _audited_tables;
     category_set _audited_categories;
 
-    sstring _storage_helper_class_name;
     std::unique_ptr<storage_helper> _storage_helper_ptr;
 
     const db::config& _cfg;
@@ -125,18 +127,19 @@ public:
     static audit& local_audit_instance() {
         return audit_instance().local();
     }
-    static future<> create_audit(const db::config& cfg, sharded<locator::shared_token_metadata>& stm);
-    static future<> start_audit(const db::config& cfg, sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp, sharded<service::migration_manager>& mm);
+    static future<> start_audit(const db::config& cfg, sharded<locator::shared_token_metadata>& stm, sharded<cql3::query_processor>& qp, sharded<service::migration_manager>& mm);
     static future<> stop_audit();
-    static audit_info_ptr create_audit_info(statement_category cat, const sstring& keyspace, const sstring& table);
-    static audit_info_ptr create_no_audit_info();
-    audit(locator::shared_token_metadata& stm, sstring&& storage_helper_name,
+    static audit_info_ptr create_audit_info(statement_category cat, const sstring& keyspace, const sstring& table, bool batch = false);
+    audit(locator::shared_token_metadata& stm,
+          cql3::query_processor& qp,
+          service::migration_manager& mm,
+          std::set<sstring>&& audit_modes,
           std::set<sstring>&& audited_keyspaces,
           std::map<sstring, std::set<sstring>>&& audited_tables,
           category_set&& audited_categories,
           const db::config& cfg);
     ~audit();
-    future<> start(const db::config& cfg, cql3::query_processor& qp, service::migration_manager& mm);
+    future<> start(const db::config& cfg);
     future<> stop();
     future<> shutdown();
     bool should_log(const audit_info* audit_info) const;

audit/audit_cf_storage_helper.cc

@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@
 #include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
 #include "data_dictionary/keyspace_metadata.hh"
 #include "utils/UUID_gen.hh"
-#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 #include "cql3/query_options.hh"
 #include "cql3/statements/ks_prop_defs.hh"
 #include "service/migration_manager.hh"
 #include "service/storage_proxy.hh"
+#include "locator/abstract_replication_strategy.hh"
 
 namespace audit {
 
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ future<> audit_cf_storage_helper::migrate_audit_table(service::group0_guard grou
             data_dictionary::database db = _qp.db();
             cql3::statements::ks_prop_defs old_ks_prop_defs;
             auto old_ks_metadata = old_ks_prop_defs.as_ks_metadata_update(
-                    ks->metadata(), *_qp.proxy().get_token_metadata_ptr(), db.features());
-            std::map<sstring, sstring> strategy_opts;
+                    ks->metadata(), *_qp.proxy().get_token_metadata_ptr(), db.features(), db.get_config());
+            locator::replication_strategy_config_options strategy_opts;
             for (const auto &dc: _qp.proxy().get_token_metadata_ptr()->get_topology().get_datacenters())
                 strategy_opts[dc] = "3";
 
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ future<> audit_cf_storage_helper::migrate_audit_table(service::group0_guard grou
                                                                    "org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy",
                                                                    strategy_opts,
                                                                    std::nullopt, // initial_tablets
+                                                                   std::nullopt, // consistency_option
                                                                    old_ks_metadata->durable_writes(),
                                                                    old_ks_metadata->get_storage_options(),
                                                                    old_ks_metadata->tables());
@@ -196,7 +197,4 @@ cql3::query_options audit_cf_storage_helper::make_login_data(socket_address node
     return cql3::query_options(cql3::default_cql_config, db::consistency_level::ONE, std::nullopt, std::move(values), false, cql3::query_options::specific_options::DEFAULT);
 }
 
-using registry = class_registrator<storage_helper, audit_cf_storage_helper, cql3::query_processor&, service::migration_manager&>;
-static registry registrator1("audit_cf_storage_helper");
-
 }

audit/audit_composite_storage_helper.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 ScyllaDB
+ */
+
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
+ */
+
+#include <seastar/core/loop.hh>
+#include <seastar/core/future-util.hh>
+
+#include "audit/audit_composite_storage_helper.hh"
+
+#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
+
+namespace audit {
+
+audit_composite_storage_helper::audit_composite_storage_helper(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<storage_helper>>&& storage_helpers)
+    : _storage_helpers(std::move(storage_helpers))
+{}
+
+future<> audit_composite_storage_helper::start(const db::config& cfg) {
+    auto res = seastar::parallel_for_each(
+        _storage_helpers,
+        [&cfg] (std::unique_ptr<storage_helper>& h) {
+            return h->start(cfg);
+        }
+    );
+    return res;
+}
+
+future<> audit_composite_storage_helper::stop() {
+    auto res = seastar::parallel_for_each(
+        _storage_helpers,
+        [] (std::unique_ptr<storage_helper>& h) {
+            return h->stop();
+        }
+    );
+    return res;
+}
+
+future<> audit_composite_storage_helper::write(const audit_info* audit_info,
+                                               socket_address node_ip,
+                                               socket_address client_ip,
+                                               db::consistency_level cl,
+                                               const sstring& username,
+                                               bool error) {
+    return seastar::parallel_for_each(
+        _storage_helpers,
+        [audit_info, node_ip, client_ip, cl, &username, error](std::unique_ptr<storage_helper>& h) {
+            return h->write(audit_info, node_ip, client_ip, cl, username, error);
+        }
+    );
+}
+
+future<> audit_composite_storage_helper::write_login(const sstring& username,
+                                                     socket_address node_ip,
+                                                     socket_address client_ip,
+                                                     bool error) {
+    return seastar::parallel_for_each(
+        _storage_helpers,
+        [&username, node_ip, client_ip, error](std::unique_ptr<storage_helper>& h) {
+            return h->write_login(username, node_ip, client_ip, error);
+        }
+    );
+}
+
+} // namespace audit

audit/audit_composite_storage_helper.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 ScyllaDB
+ */
+
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "audit/audit.hh"
+#include <seastar/core/future.hh>
+
+#include "storage_helper.hh"
+
+namespace audit {
+
+class audit_composite_storage_helper : public storage_helper {
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<storage_helper>> _storage_helpers;
+
+public:
+    explicit audit_composite_storage_helper(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<storage_helper>>&&);
+    virtual ~audit_composite_storage_helper() = default;
+    virtual future<> start(const db::config& cfg) override;
+    virtual future<> stop() override;
+    virtual future<> write(const audit_info* audit_info,
+                           socket_address node_ip,
+                           socket_address client_ip,
+                           db::consistency_level cl,
+                           const sstring& username,
+                           bool error) override;
+    virtual future<> write_login(const sstring& username,
+                                 socket_address node_ip,
+                                 socket_address client_ip,
+                                 bool error) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace audit

audit/audit_syslog_storage_helper.cc

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #include <fmt/chrono.h>
 
 #include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
-#include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 
 namespace cql3 {
 
@@ -54,10 +53,10 @@ static std::string json_escape(std::string_view str) {
 
 }
 
-future<> audit_syslog_storage_helper::syslog_send_helper(const sstring& msg) {
+future<> audit_syslog_storage_helper::syslog_send_helper(temporary_buffer<char> msg) {
     try {
         auto lock = co_await get_units(_semaphore, 1, std::chrono::hours(1));
-        co_await _sender.send(_syslog_address, net::packet{msg.data(), msg.size()});
+        co_await _sender.send(_syslog_address, std::span(&msg, 1));
     }
     catch (const std::exception& e) {
         auto error_msg = seastar::format(
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ future<> audit_syslog_storage_helper::start(const db::config& cfg) {
         co_return;
     }
 
-    co_await syslog_send_helper("Initializing syslog audit backend.");
+    co_await syslog_send_helper(temporary_buffer<char>::copy_of("Initializing syslog audit backend."));
 }
 
 future<> audit_syslog_storage_helper::stop() {
@@ -121,7 +120,7 @@ future<> audit_syslog_storage_helper::write(const audit_info* audit_info,
                                     audit_info->table(),
                                     username);
 
-    co_await syslog_send_helper(msg);
+    co_await syslog_send_helper(std::move(msg).release());
 }
 
 future<> audit_syslog_storage_helper::write_login(const sstring& username,
@@ -140,10 +139,7 @@ future<> audit_syslog_storage_helper::write_login(const sstring& username,
                                     client_ip,
                                     username);
 
-    co_await syslog_send_helper(msg.c_str());
+    co_await syslog_send_helper(std::move(msg).release());
 }
 
-using registry = class_registrator<storage_helper, audit_syslog_storage_helper, cql3::query_processor&, service::migration_manager&>;
-static registry registrator1("audit_syslog_storage_helper");
-
 }

audit/audit_syslog_storage_helper.hh

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class audit_syslog_storage_helper : public storage_helper {
     net::datagram_channel _sender;
     seastar::semaphore _semaphore;
 
-    future<> syslog_send_helper(const sstring& msg);
+    future<> syslog_send_helper(seastar::temporary_buffer<char> msg);
 public:
     explicit audit_syslog_storage_helper(cql3::query_processor&, service::migration_manager&);
     virtual ~audit_syslog_storage_helper();

auth/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ target_sources(scylla_auth
     allow_all_authorizer.cc
     authenticated_user.cc
     authenticator.cc
+    cache.cc
     certificate_authenticator.cc
     common.cc
     default_authorizer.cc
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ target_sources(scylla_auth
     password_authenticator.cc
     passwords.cc
     permission.cc
-    permissions_cache.cc
     resource.cc
     role_or_anonymous.cc
     roles-metadata.cc
@@ -44,5 +44,8 @@ target_link_libraries(scylla_auth
 
 add_whole_archive(auth scylla_auth)
 
+if (Scylla_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_USE)
+  target_precompile_headers(scylla_auth REUSE_FROM scylla-precompiled-header)
+endif()
 check_headers(check-headers scylla_auth
   GLOB_RECURSE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.hh)

auth/allow_all_authenticator.cc

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include "auth/allow_all_authenticator.hh"
 
 #include "service/migration_manager.hh"
-#include "utils/alien_worker.hh"
 #include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 
 namespace auth {
@@ -23,6 +22,6 @@ static const class_registrator<
         cql3::query_processor&,
         ::service::raft_group0_client&,
         ::service::migration_manager&,
-        utils::alien_worker&> registration("org.apache.cassandra.auth.AllowAllAuthenticator");
+        cache&> registration("org.apache.cassandra.auth.AllowAllAuthenticator");
 
 }

auth/allow_all_authenticator.hh

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 
 #include "auth/authenticated_user.hh"
 #include "auth/authenticator.hh"
+#include "auth/cache.hh"
 #include "auth/common.hh"
-#include "utils/alien_worker.hh"
 
 namespace cql3 {
 class query_processor;
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ extern const std::string_view allow_all_authenticator_name;
 
 class allow_all_authenticator final : public authenticator {
 public:
-    allow_all_authenticator(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, utils::alien_worker&) {
+    allow_all_authenticator(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, cache&) {
     }
 
     virtual future<> start() override {

auth/cache.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-present ScyllaDB
+ */
+
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
+ */
+
+#include "auth/cache.hh"
+#include "auth/common.hh"
+#include "auth/role_or_anonymous.hh"
+#include "auth/roles-metadata.hh"
+#include "cql3/query_processor.hh"
+#include "cql3/untyped_result_set.hh"
+#include "db/consistency_level_type.hh"
+#include "db/system_keyspace.hh"
+#include "schema/schema.hh"
+#include <iterator>
+#include <seastar/core/abort_source.hh>
+#include <seastar/coroutine/maybe_yield.hh>
+#include <seastar/core/format.hh>
+#include <seastar/core/metrics.hh>
+#include <seastar/core/do_with.hh>
+
+namespace auth {
+
+logging::logger logger("auth-cache");
+
+cache::cache(cql3::query_processor& qp, abort_source& as) noexcept
+    : _current_version(0)
+    , _qp(qp)
+    , _loading_sem(1)
+    , _as(as)
+    , _permission_loader(nullptr)
+    , _permission_loader_sem(8) {
+    namespace sm = seastar::metrics;
+    _metrics.add_group("auth_cache", {
+        sm::make_gauge("roles", [this] { return _roles.size(); },
+                sm::description("Number of roles currently cached")),
+        sm::make_gauge("permissions", [this] {
+            return _cached_permissions_count;
+        }, sm::description("Total number of permission sets currently cached across all roles"))
+    });
+}
+
+void cache::set_permission_loader(permission_loader_func loader) {
+    _permission_loader = std::move(loader);
+}
+
+lw_shared_ptr<const cache::role_record> cache::get(const role_name_t& role) const noexcept {
+    auto it = _roles.find(role);
+    if (it == _roles.end()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    return it->second;
+}
+
+future<permission_set> cache::get_permissions(const role_or_anonymous& role, const resource& r) {
+    std::unordered_map<resource, permission_set>* perms_cache;
+    lw_shared_ptr<role_record> role_ptr;
+
+    if (is_anonymous(role)) {
+        perms_cache = &_anonymous_permissions;
+    } else {
+        const auto& role_name = *role.name;
+        auto role_it = _roles.find(role_name);
+        if (role_it == _roles.end()) {
+            // Role might have been deleted but there are some connections
+            // left which reference it. They should no longer have access to anything.
+            return make_ready_future<permission_set>(permissions::NONE);
+        }
+        role_ptr = role_it->second;
+        perms_cache = &role_ptr->cached_permissions;
+    }
+
+    if (auto it = perms_cache->find(r); it != perms_cache->end()) {
+        return make_ready_future<permission_set>(it->second);
+    }
+    // keep alive role_ptr as it holds perms_cache (except anonymous)
+    return do_with(std::move(role_ptr), [this, &role, &r, perms_cache] (auto& role_ptr) {
+        return load_permissions(role, r, perms_cache);
+    });
+}
+
+future<permission_set> cache::load_permissions(const role_or_anonymous& role, const resource& r, std::unordered_map<resource, permission_set>* perms_cache) {
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(_permission_loader);
+    auto units = co_await get_units(_permission_loader_sem, 1, _as);
+
+    // Check again, perhaps we were blocked and other call loaded
+    // the permissions already. This is a protection against misses storm.
+    if (auto it = perms_cache->find(r); it != perms_cache->end()) {
+        co_return it->second;
+    }
+    auto perms = co_await _permission_loader(role, r);
+    add_permissions(*perms_cache, r, perms);
+    co_return perms;
+}
+
+future<> cache::prune(const resource& r) {
+    auto units = co_await get_units(_loading_sem, 1, _as);
+    _anonymous_permissions.erase(r);
+    for (auto& it : _roles) {
+        // Prunning can run concurrently with other functions but it
+        // can only cause cached_permissions extra reload via get_permissions.
+        remove_permissions(it.second->cached_permissions, r);
+        co_await coroutine::maybe_yield();
+    }
+}
+
+future<> cache::reload_all_permissions() noexcept {
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(_permission_loader);
+    auto units = co_await get_units(_loading_sem, 1, _as);
+    auto copy_keys = [] (const std::unordered_map<resource, permission_set>& m) {
+        std::vector<resource> keys;
+        keys.reserve(m.size());
+        for (const auto& [res, _] : m) {
+            keys.push_back(res);
+        }
+        return keys;
+    };
+    const role_or_anonymous anon;
+    for (const auto& res : copy_keys(_anonymous_permissions)) {
+        _anonymous_permissions[res] = co_await _permission_loader(anon, res);
+    }
+    for (auto& [role, entry] : _roles) {
+        auto& perms_cache = entry->cached_permissions;
+        auto r = role_or_anonymous(role);
+        for (const auto& res : copy_keys(perms_cache)) {
+            perms_cache[res] = co_await _permission_loader(r, res);
+        }
+    }
+    logger.debug("Reloaded auth cache with {} entries", _roles.size());
+}
+
+future<lw_shared_ptr<cache::role_record>> cache::fetch_role(const role_name_t& role) const {
+    auto rec = make_lw_shared<role_record>();
+    rec->version = _current_version;
+
+    auto fetch = [this, &role](const sstring& q) {
+        return _qp.execute_internal(q, db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE,
+                internal_distributed_query_state(), {role},
+                cql3::query_processor::cache_internal::yes);
+    };
+    // roles
+    {
+        static const sstring q = format("SELECT * FROM {}.{} WHERE role = ?", db::system_keyspace::NAME, meta::roles_table::name);
+        auto rs = co_await fetch(q);
+        if (!rs->empty()) {
+            auto& r = rs->one();
+            rec->is_superuser = r.get_or<bool>("is_superuser", false);
+            rec->can_login = r.get_or<bool>("can_login", false);
+            rec->salted_hash = r.get_or<sstring>("salted_hash", "");
+            if (r.has("member_of")) {
+                auto mo = r.get_set<sstring>("member_of");
+                rec->member_of.insert(
+                        std::make_move_iterator(mo.begin()),
+                        std::make_move_iterator(mo.end()));
+            }
+        } else {
+            // role got deleted
+            co_return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+    // members
+    {
+        static const sstring q = format("SELECT role, member FROM {}.{} WHERE role = ?", db::system_keyspace::NAME, ROLE_MEMBERS_CF);
+        auto rs = co_await fetch(q);
+        for (const auto& r : *rs) {
+            rec->members.insert(r.get_as<sstring>("member"));
+            co_await coroutine::maybe_yield();
+        }
+    }
+    // attributes
+    {
+        static const sstring q = format("SELECT role, name, value FROM {}.{} WHERE role = ?", db::system_keyspace::NAME, ROLE_ATTRIBUTES_CF);
+        auto rs = co_await fetch(q);
+        for (const auto& r : *rs) {
+            rec->attributes[r.get_as<sstring>("name")] =
+                    r.get_as<sstring>("value");
+            co_await coroutine::maybe_yield();
+        }
+    }
+    // permissions
+    {
+        static const sstring q = format("SELECT role, resource, permissions FROM {}.{} WHERE role = ?", db::system_keyspace::NAME, PERMISSIONS_CF);
+        auto rs = co_await fetch(q);
+        for (const auto& r : *rs) {
+            auto resource = r.get_as<sstring>("resource");
+            auto perms_strings = r.get_set<sstring>("permissions");
+            std::unordered_set<sstring> perms_set(perms_strings.begin(), perms_strings.end());
+            auto pset = permissions::from_strings(perms_set);
+            rec->permissions[std::move(resource)] = std::move(pset);
+            co_await coroutine::maybe_yield();
+        }
+    }
+    co_return rec;
+}
+
+future<> cache::prune_all() noexcept {
+    for (auto it = _roles.begin(); it != _roles.end(); ) {
+        if (it->second->version != _current_version) {
+            remove_role(it++);
+            co_await coroutine::maybe_yield();
+        } else {
+            ++it;
+        }
+    }
+    co_return;
+}
+
+future<> cache::load_all() {
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        co_return;
+    }
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(this_shard_id() == 0);
+    auto units = co_await get_units(_loading_sem, 1, _as);
+
+    ++_current_version;
+
+    logger.info("Loading all roles");
+    const uint32_t page_size = 128;
+    auto loader = [this](const cql3::untyped_result_set::row& r) -> future<stop_iteration> {
+        const auto name = r.get_as<sstring>("role");
+        auto role = co_await fetch_role(name);
+        if (role) {
+            add_role(name, role);
+        }
+        co_return stop_iteration::no;
+    };
+    co_await _qp.query_internal(format("SELECT * FROM {}.{}",
+            db::system_keyspace::NAME, meta::roles_table::name),
+            db::consistency_level::LOCAL_ONE, {}, page_size, loader);
+
+    co_await prune_all();
+    for (const auto& [name, role] : _roles) {
+        co_await distribute_role(name, role);
+    }
+    co_await container().invoke_on_others([this](cache& c) -> future<> {
+        auto units = co_await get_units(c._loading_sem, 1, c._as);
+        c._current_version = _current_version;
+        co_await c.prune_all();
+    });
+}
+
+future<> cache::gather_inheriting_roles(std::unordered_set<role_name_t>& roles, lw_shared_ptr<cache::role_record> role, const role_name_t& name) {
+    if (!role) {
+        // Role might have been removed or not yet added, either way
+        // their members will be handled by another top call to this function.
+        co_return;
+    }
+    for (const auto& member_name : role->members) {
+        bool is_new = roles.insert(member_name).second;
+        if (!is_new) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        lw_shared_ptr<cache::role_record> member_role;
+        auto r = _roles.find(member_name);
+        if (r != _roles.end()) {
+            member_role = r->second;
+        }
+        co_await gather_inheriting_roles(roles, member_role, member_name);
+    }
+}
+
+future<> cache::load_roles(std::unordered_set<role_name_t> roles) {
+    if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+        co_return;
+    }
+    SCYLLA_ASSERT(this_shard_id() == 0);
+    auto units = co_await get_units(_loading_sem, 1, _as);
+
+    std::unordered_set<role_name_t> roles_to_clear_perms;
+    for (const auto& name : roles) {
+        logger.info("Loading role {}", name);
+        auto role = co_await fetch_role(name);
+         if (role) {
+            add_role(name, role);
+            co_await gather_inheriting_roles(roles_to_clear_perms, role, name);
+        } else {
+            if (auto it = _roles.find(name); it != _roles.end()) {
+                auto old_role = it->second;
+                remove_role(it);
+                co_await gather_inheriting_roles(roles_to_clear_perms, old_role, name);
+            }
+        }
+        co_await distribute_role(name, role);
+    }
+
+    co_await container().invoke_on_all([&roles_to_clear_perms] (cache& c) -> future<> {
+        for (const auto& name : roles_to_clear_perms) {
+            c.clear_role_permissions(name);
+            co_await coroutine::maybe_yield();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+future<> cache::distribute_role(const role_name_t& name, lw_shared_ptr<role_record> role) {
+    auto role_ptr = role.get();
+    co_await container().invoke_on_others([&name, role_ptr](cache& c) -> future<> {
+        auto units = co_await get_units(c._loading_sem, 1, c._as);
+        if (!role_ptr) {
+            c.remove_role(name);
+            co_return;
+        }
+        auto role_copy = make_lw_shared<role_record>(*role_ptr);
+        c.add_role(name, std::move(role_copy));
+    });
+}
+
+bool cache::includes_table(const table_id& id) noexcept {
+    return id == db::system_keyspace::roles()->id()
+            || id == db::system_keyspace::role_members()->id()
+            || id == db::system_keyspace::role_attributes()->id()
+            || id == db::system_keyspace::role_permissions()->id();
+}
+
+void cache::add_role(const role_name_t& name, lw_shared_ptr<role_record> role) {
+    if (auto it = _roles.find(name); it != _roles.end()) {
+        _cached_permissions_count -= it->second->cached_permissions.size();
+    }
+    _cached_permissions_count += role->cached_permissions.size();
+    _roles[name] = std::move(role);
+}
+
+void cache::remove_role(const role_name_t& name) {
+    if (auto it = _roles.find(name); it != _roles.end()) {
+        remove_role(it);
+    }
+}
+
+void cache::remove_role(roles_map::iterator it) {
+    _cached_permissions_count -= it->second->cached_permissions.size();
+    _roles.erase(it);
+}
+
+void cache::clear_role_permissions(const role_name_t& name) {
+    if (auto it = _roles.find(name); it != _roles.end()) {
+        _cached_permissions_count -= it->second->cached_permissions.size();
+        it->second->cached_permissions.clear();
+    }
+}
+
+void cache::add_permissions(std::unordered_map<resource, permission_set>& cache, const resource& r, permission_set perms) {
+    if (cache.emplace(r, perms).second) {
+        ++_cached_permissions_count;
+    }
+}
+
+void cache::remove_permissions(std::unordered_map<resource, permission_set>& cache, const resource& r) {
+    _cached_permissions_count -= cache.erase(r);
+}
+
+} // namespace auth

auth/cache.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025-present ScyllaDB
+ */
+
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <seastar/core/abort_source.hh>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <seastar/core/sstring.hh>
+#include <seastar/core/future.hh>
+#include <seastar/core/sharded.hh>
+#include <seastar/core/shared_ptr.hh>
+#include <seastar/core/semaphore.hh>
+#include <seastar/core/metrics_registration.hh>
+
+#include <absl/container/flat_hash_map.h>
+
+#include "auth/permission.hh"
+#include "auth/common.hh"
+#include "auth/resource.hh"
+#include "auth/role_or_anonymous.hh"
+
+namespace cql3 { class query_processor; }
+
+namespace auth {
+
+class cache : public peering_sharded_service<cache> {
+public:
+    using role_name_t = sstring;
+    using version_tag_t = char;
+    using permission_loader_func = std::function<future<permission_set>(const role_or_anonymous&, const resource&)>;
+
+	struct role_record {
+        bool can_login = false;
+        bool is_superuser = false;
+        std::unordered_set<role_name_t> member_of;
+        std::unordered_set<role_name_t> members;
+        sstring salted_hash;
+        std::unordered_map<sstring, sstring> attributes;
+        std::unordered_map<sstring, permission_set> permissions;
+    private:
+        friend cache;
+        // cached permissions include effects of role's inheritance
+        std::unordered_map<resource, permission_set> cached_permissions;
+        version_tag_t version; // used for seamless cache reloads
+    };
+
+    explicit cache(cql3::query_processor& qp, abort_source& as) noexcept;
+    lw_shared_ptr<const role_record> get(const role_name_t& role) const noexcept;
+    void set_permission_loader(permission_loader_func loader);
+    future<permission_set> get_permissions(const role_or_anonymous& role, const resource& r);
+    future<> prune(const resource& r);
+    future<> reload_all_permissions() noexcept;
+    future<> load_all();
+    future<> load_roles(std::unordered_set<role_name_t> roles);
+    static bool includes_table(const table_id&) noexcept;
+
+private:
+    using roles_map = absl::flat_hash_map<role_name_t, lw_shared_ptr<role_record>>;
+    roles_map _roles;
+    // anonymous permissions map exists mainly due to compatibility with
+    // higher layers which use role_or_anonymous to get permissions.
+    std::unordered_map<resource, permission_set> _anonymous_permissions;
+    version_tag_t _current_version;
+    cql3::query_processor& _qp;
+    semaphore _loading_sem; // protects iteration of _roles map
+    abort_source& _as;
+    permission_loader_func _permission_loader;
+    semaphore _permission_loader_sem; // protects against reload storms on a single role change
+    metrics::metric_groups _metrics;
+    size_t _cached_permissions_count = 0;
+
+    future<lw_shared_ptr<role_record>> fetch_role(const role_name_t& role) const;
+    future<> prune_all() noexcept;
+    future<> distribute_role(const role_name_t& name, const lw_shared_ptr<role_record> role);
+    future<> gather_inheriting_roles(std::unordered_set<role_name_t>& roles, lw_shared_ptr<cache::role_record> role, const role_name_t& name);
+
+    void add_role(const role_name_t& name, lw_shared_ptr<role_record> role);
+    void remove_role(const role_name_t& name);
+    void remove_role(roles_map::iterator it);
+    void clear_role_permissions(const role_name_t& name);
+    void add_permissions(std::unordered_map<resource, permission_set>& cache, const resource& r, permission_set perms);
+    void remove_permissions(std::unordered_map<resource, permission_set>& cache, const resource& r);
+
+    future<permission_set> load_permissions(const role_or_anonymous& role, const resource& r, std::unordered_map<resource, permission_set>* perms_cache);
+};
+
+} // namespace auth

auth/certificate_authenticator.cc

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "auth/certificate_authenticator.hh"
+#include "auth/cache.hh"
 
 #include <boost/regex.hpp>
 #include <fmt/ranges.h>
@@ -34,13 +35,13 @@ static const class_registrator<auth::authenticator
     , cql3::query_processor&
     , ::service::raft_group0_client&
     , ::service::migration_manager&
-    , utils::alien_worker&> cert_auth_reg(CERT_AUTH_NAME);
+    , auth::cache&> cert_auth_reg(CERT_AUTH_NAME);
 
 enum class auth::certificate_authenticator::query_source {
     subject, altname
 };
 
-auth::certificate_authenticator::certificate_authenticator(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, utils::alien_worker&)
+auth::certificate_authenticator::certificate_authenticator(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, auth::cache&)
     : _queries([&] {
         auto& conf = qp.db().get_config();
         auto queries = conf.auth_certificate_role_queries();
@@ -75,9 +76,9 @@ auth::certificate_authenticator::certificate_authenticator(cql3::query_processor
                         throw std::invalid_argument(fmt::format("Invalid source: {}", map.at(cfg_source_attr)));
                     }
                     continue;
-                } catch (std::out_of_range&) {
+                } catch (const std::out_of_range&) {
                     // just fallthrough
-                } catch (boost::regex_error&) {
+                } catch (const boost::regex_error&) {
                     std::throw_with_nested(std::invalid_argument(fmt::format("Invalid query expression: {}", map.at(cfg_query_attr))));
                 }
             }

auth/certificate_authenticator.hh

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "auth/authenticator.hh"
-#include "utils/alien_worker.hh"
 #include <boost/regex_fwd.hpp>  // IWYU pragma: keep
 
 namespace cql3 {
@@ -26,13 +25,15 @@ class raft_group0_client;
 
 namespace auth {
 
+class cache;
+
 extern const std::string_view certificate_authenticator_name;
 
 class certificate_authenticator : public authenticator {
     enum class query_source;
     std::vector<std::pair<query_source, boost::regex>> _queries;
 public:
-    certificate_authenticator(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, utils::alien_worker&);
+    certificate_authenticator(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, cache&);
     ~certificate_authenticator();
 
     future<> start() override;

auth/common.cc

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ static future<> create_legacy_metadata_table_if_missing_impl(
         try {
             co_return co_await mm.announce(co_await ::service::prepare_new_column_family_announcement(qp.proxy(), table, ts),
                     std::move(group0_guard), format("auth: create {} metadata table", table->cf_name()));
-        } catch (exceptions::already_exists_exception&) {}
+        } catch (const exceptions::already_exists_exception&) {}
     }
 }
 

auth/common.hh

@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ extern constinit const std::string_view AUTH_PACKAGE_NAME;
 
 } // namespace meta
 
+constexpr std::string_view PERMISSIONS_CF = "role_permissions";
+constexpr std::string_view ROLE_MEMBERS_CF = "role_members";
+constexpr std::string_view ROLE_ATTRIBUTES_CF = "role_attributes";
+
 // This is a helper to check whether auth-v2 is on.
 bool legacy_mode(cql3::query_processor& qp);
 

auth/default_authorizer.cc

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ std::string_view default_authorizer::qualified_java_name() const {
 static constexpr std::string_view ROLE_NAME = "role";
 static constexpr std::string_view RESOURCE_NAME = "resource";
 static constexpr std::string_view PERMISSIONS_NAME = "permissions";
-static constexpr std::string_view PERMISSIONS_CF = "role_permissions";
 
 static logging::logger alogger("default_authorizer");
 
@@ -257,7 +256,7 @@ future<> default_authorizer::revoke_all(std::string_view role_name, ::service::g
         } else {
             co_await collect_mutations(_qp, mc, query, {sstring(role_name)});
         }
-    } catch (exceptions::request_execution_exception& e) {
+    } catch (const exceptions::request_execution_exception& e) {
         alogger.warn("CassandraAuthorizer failed to revoke all permissions of {}: {}", role_name, e);
     }
 }
@@ -294,13 +293,13 @@ future<> default_authorizer::revoke_all_legacy(const resource& resource) {
                                 [resource](auto ep) {
                     try {
                         std::rethrow_exception(ep);
-                    } catch (exceptions::request_execution_exception& e) {
+                    } catch (const exceptions::request_execution_exception& e) {
                         alogger.warn("CassandraAuthorizer failed to revoke all permissions on {}: {}", resource, e);
                     }
 
                 });
             });
-        } catch (exceptions::request_execution_exception& e) {
+        } catch (const exceptions::request_execution_exception& e) {
             alogger.warn("CassandraAuthorizer failed to revoke all permissions on {}: {}", resource, e);
             return make_ready_future();
         }

auth/ldap_role_manager.cc

@@ -83,25 +83,35 @@ static const class_registrator<
     ldap_role_manager,
     cql3::query_processor&,
     ::service::raft_group0_client&,
-    ::service::migration_manager&> registration(ldap_role_manager_full_name);
+    ::service::migration_manager&,
+    cache&> registration(ldap_role_manager_full_name);
 
 ldap_role_manager::ldap_role_manager(
         std::string_view query_template, std::string_view target_attr, std::string_view bind_name, std::string_view bind_password,
-        cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& rg0c, ::service::migration_manager& mm)
-        : _std_mgr(qp, rg0c, mm), _group0_client(rg0c), _query_template(query_template), _target_attr(target_attr), _bind_name(bind_name)
+        uint32_t permissions_update_interval_in_ms,
+        utils::observer<uint32_t>  permissions_update_interval_in_ms_observer,
+        cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& rg0c, ::service::migration_manager& mm, cache& cache)
+        : _std_mgr(qp, rg0c, mm, cache), _group0_client(rg0c), _query_template(query_template), _target_attr(target_attr), _bind_name(bind_name)
         , _bind_password(bind_password)
-        , _connection_factory(bind(std::mem_fn(&ldap_role_manager::reconnect), std::ref(*this))) {
+        , _permissions_update_interval_in_ms(permissions_update_interval_in_ms)
+        , _permissions_update_interval_in_ms_observer(std::move(permissions_update_interval_in_ms_observer))
+        , _connection_factory(bind(std::mem_fn(&ldap_role_manager::reconnect), std::ref(*this)))
+        , _cache(cache)
+        , _cache_pruner(make_ready_future<>()) {
 }
 
-ldap_role_manager::ldap_role_manager(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& rg0c, ::service::migration_manager& mm)
+ldap_role_manager::ldap_role_manager(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& rg0c, ::service::migration_manager& mm, cache& cache)
     : ldap_role_manager(
             qp.db().get_config().ldap_url_template(),
             qp.db().get_config().ldap_attr_role(),
             qp.db().get_config().ldap_bind_dn(),
             qp.db().get_config().ldap_bind_passwd(),
+            qp.db().get_config().permissions_update_interval_in_ms(),
+            qp.db().get_config().permissions_update_interval_in_ms.observe([this] (const uint32_t& v) { _permissions_update_interval_in_ms = v; }),
             qp,
             rg0c,
-            mm) {
+            mm,
+            cache) {
 }
 
 std::string_view ldap_role_manager::qualified_java_name() const noexcept {
@@ -117,6 +127,22 @@ future<> ldap_role_manager::start() {
         return make_exception_future(
                 std::runtime_error(fmt::format("error getting LDAP server address from template {}", _query_template)));
     }
+    _cache_pruner = futurize_invoke([this] () -> future<> {
+        while (true) {
+            try {
+                co_await seastar::sleep_abortable(std::chrono::milliseconds(_permissions_update_interval_in_ms), _as);
+            } catch (const seastar::sleep_aborted&) {
+                co_return; // ignore
+            }
+            co_await _cache.container().invoke_on_all([] (cache& c) -> future<> {
+                try {
+                    co_await c.reload_all_permissions();
+                } catch (...) {
+                    mylog.warn("Cache reload all permissions failed: {}", std::current_exception());
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    });
     return _std_mgr.start();
 }
 
@@ -173,7 +199,11 @@ future<conn_ptr> ldap_role_manager::reconnect() {
 
 future<> ldap_role_manager::stop() {
     _as.request_abort();
-    return _std_mgr.stop().then([this] { return _connection_factory.stop(); });
+    return std::move(_cache_pruner).then([this] {
+        return _std_mgr.stop();
+    }).then([this] {
+        return _connection_factory.stop();
+    });
 }
 
 future<> ldap_role_manager::create(std::string_view name, const role_config& config, ::service::group0_batch& mc) {
@@ -233,9 +263,9 @@ future<role_set> ldap_role_manager::query_granted(std::string_view grantee_name,
 }
 
 future<role_to_directly_granted_map>
-ldap_role_manager::query_all_directly_granted() {
+ldap_role_manager::query_all_directly_granted(::service::query_state& qs) {
     role_to_directly_granted_map result;
-    auto roles = co_await query_all();
+    auto roles = co_await query_all(qs);
     for (auto& role: roles) {
         auto granted_set = co_await query_granted(role, recursive_role_query::no);
         for (auto& granted: granted_set) {
@@ -247,8 +277,8 @@ ldap_role_manager::query_all_directly_granted() {
     co_return result;
 }
 
-future<role_set> ldap_role_manager::query_all() {
-    return _std_mgr.query_all();
+future<role_set> ldap_role_manager::query_all(::service::query_state& qs) {
+    return _std_mgr.query_all(qs);
 }
 
 future<> ldap_role_manager::create_role(std::string_view role_name) {
@@ -311,12 +341,12 @@ future<bool> ldap_role_manager::can_login(std::string_view role_name) {
 }
 
 future<std::optional<sstring>> ldap_role_manager::get_attribute(
-        std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name) {
-    return _std_mgr.get_attribute(role_name, attribute_name);
+        std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state& qs) {
+    return _std_mgr.get_attribute(role_name, attribute_name, qs);
 }
 
-future<role_manager::attribute_vals> ldap_role_manager::query_attribute_for_all(std::string_view attribute_name) {
-    return _std_mgr.query_attribute_for_all(attribute_name);
+future<role_manager::attribute_vals> ldap_role_manager::query_attribute_for_all(std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state& qs) {
+    return _std_mgr.query_attribute_for_all(attribute_name, qs);
 }
 
 future<> ldap_role_manager::set_attribute(

auth/ldap_role_manager.hh

@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <seastar/core/abort_source.hh>
+#include <seastar/core/future.hh>
 #include <stdexcept>
 
 #include "ent/ldap/ldap_connection.hh"
 #include "standard_role_manager.hh"
+#include "auth/cache.hh"
 
 namespace auth {
 
@@ -33,22 +35,31 @@ class ldap_role_manager : public role_manager {
     seastar::sstring _target_attr; ///< LDAP entry attribute containing the Scylla role name.
     seastar::sstring _bind_name; ///< Username for LDAP simple bind.
     seastar::sstring _bind_password; ///< Password for LDAP simple bind.
+
+    uint32_t _permissions_update_interval_in_ms;
+    utils::observer<uint32_t> _permissions_update_interval_in_ms_observer;
+
     mutable ldap_reuser _connection_factory; // Potentially modified by query_granted().
     seastar::abort_source _as;
+    cache& _cache;
+    seastar::future<> _cache_pruner;
   public:
     ldap_role_manager(
             std::string_view query_template, ///< LDAP query template as described in Scylla documentation.
             std::string_view target_attr, ///< LDAP entry attribute containing the Scylla role name.
             std::string_view bind_name, ///< LDAP bind credentials.
             std::string_view bind_password, ///< LDAP bind credentials.
+            uint32_t permissions_update_interval_in_ms,
+            utils::observer<uint32_t> permissions_update_interval_in_ms_observer,
             cql3::query_processor& qp, ///< Passed to standard_role_manager.
             ::service::raft_group0_client& rg0c, ///< Passed to standard_role_manager.
-            ::service::migration_manager& mm ///< Passed to standard_role_manager.
+            ::service::migration_manager& mm, ///< Passed to standard_role_manager.
+            cache& cache ///< Passed to standard_role_manager.
     );
 
     /// Retrieves LDAP configuration entries from qp and invokes the other constructor.  Required by
     /// class_registrator<role_manager>.
-    ldap_role_manager(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& rg0c, ::service::migration_manager& mm);
+    ldap_role_manager(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& rg0c, ::service::migration_manager& mm, cache& cache);
 
     /// Thrown when query-template parsing fails.
     struct url_error : public std::runtime_error {
@@ -75,9 +86,9 @@ class ldap_role_manager : public role_manager {
 
     future<role_set> query_granted(std::string_view, recursive_role_query) override;
 
-    future<role_to_directly_granted_map> query_all_directly_granted() override;
+    future<role_to_directly_granted_map> query_all_directly_granted(::service::query_state&) override;
 
-    future<role_set> query_all() override;
+    future<role_set> query_all(::service::query_state&) override;
 
     future<bool> exists(std::string_view) override;
 
@@ -85,9 +96,9 @@ class ldap_role_manager : public role_manager {
 
     future<bool> can_login(std::string_view) override;
 
-    future<std::optional<sstring>> get_attribute(std::string_view, std::string_view) override;
+    future<std::optional<sstring>> get_attribute(std::string_view, std::string_view, ::service::query_state&) override;
 
-    future<role_manager::attribute_vals> query_attribute_for_all(std::string_view) override;
+    future<role_manager::attribute_vals> query_attribute_for_all(std::string_view, ::service::query_state&) override;
 
     future<> set_attribute(std::string_view, std::string_view, std::string_view, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
 

auth/maintenance_socket_role_manager.cc

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <seastar/core/future.hh>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string_view>
+#include "auth/cache.hh"
 #include "cql3/description.hh"
 #include "utils/class_registrator.hh"
 
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ static const class_registrator<
         maintenance_socket_role_manager,
         cql3::query_processor&,
         ::service::raft_group0_client&,
-        ::service::migration_manager&> registration(sstring{maintenance_socket_role_manager_name});
+        ::service::migration_manager&,
+        cache&> registration(sstring{maintenance_socket_role_manager_name});
 
 
 std::string_view maintenance_socket_role_manager::qualified_java_name() const noexcept {
@@ -78,11 +80,11 @@ future<role_set> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_granted(std::string_view
     return operation_not_supported_exception<role_set>("QUERY GRANTED");
 }
 
-future<role_to_directly_granted_map> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_all_directly_granted() {
+future<role_to_directly_granted_map> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_all_directly_granted(::service::query_state&) {
     return operation_not_supported_exception<role_to_directly_granted_map>("QUERY ALL DIRECTLY GRANTED");
 }
 
-future<role_set> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_all() {
+future<role_set> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_all(::service::query_state&) {
     return operation_not_supported_exception<role_set>("QUERY ALL");
 }
 
@@ -98,11 +100,11 @@ future<bool> maintenance_socket_role_manager::can_login(std::string_view role_na
     return make_ready_future<bool>(true);
 }
 
-future<std::optional<sstring>> maintenance_socket_role_manager::get_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name) {
+future<std::optional<sstring>> maintenance_socket_role_manager::get_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state&) {
     return operation_not_supported_exception<std::optional<sstring>>("GET ATTRIBUTE");
 }
 
-future<role_manager::attribute_vals> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_attribute_for_all(std::string_view attribute_name) {
+future<role_manager::attribute_vals> maintenance_socket_role_manager::query_attribute_for_all(std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state&) {
     return operation_not_supported_exception<role_manager::attribute_vals>("QUERY ATTRIBUTE");
 }
 

auth/maintenance_socket_role_manager.hh

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "auth/cache.hh"
 #include "auth/resource.hh"
 #include "auth/role_manager.hh"
 #include <seastar/core/future.hh>
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ extern const std::string_view maintenance_socket_role_manager_name;
 // system_auth keyspace, which may be not yet created when the maintenance socket starts listening.
 class maintenance_socket_role_manager final : public role_manager {
 public:
-    maintenance_socket_role_manager(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&) {}
+    maintenance_socket_role_manager(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, cache&) {}
 
     virtual std::string_view qualified_java_name() const noexcept override;
 
@@ -53,9 +54,9 @@ public:
 
     virtual future<role_set> query_granted(std::string_view grantee_name, recursive_role_query) override;
 
-    virtual future<role_to_directly_granted_map> query_all_directly_granted() override;
+    virtual future<role_to_directly_granted_map> query_all_directly_granted(::service::query_state&) override;
 
-    virtual future<role_set> query_all() override;
+    virtual future<role_set> query_all(::service::query_state&) override;
 
     virtual future<bool> exists(std::string_view role_name) override;
 
@@ -63,9 +64,9 @@ public:
 
     virtual future<bool> can_login(std::string_view role_name) override;
 
-    virtual future<std::optional<sstring>> get_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name) override;
+    virtual future<std::optional<sstring>> get_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state&) override;
 
-    virtual future<role_manager::attribute_vals> query_attribute_for_all(std::string_view attribute_name) override;
+    virtual future<role_manager::attribute_vals> query_attribute_for_all(std::string_view attribute_name, ::service::query_state&) override;
 
     virtual future<> set_attribute(std::string_view role_name, std::string_view attribute_name, std::string_view attribute_value, ::service::group0_batch& mc) override;
 

auth/password_authenticator.cc

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ static const class_registrator<
         cql3::query_processor&,
         ::service::raft_group0_client&,
         ::service::migration_manager&,
-        utils::alien_worker&> password_auth_reg("org.apache.cassandra.auth.PasswordAuthenticator");
+        cache&> password_auth_reg("org.apache.cassandra.auth.PasswordAuthenticator");
 
 static thread_local auto rng_for_salt = std::default_random_engine(std::random_device{}());
 
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ std::string password_authenticator::default_superuser(const db::config& cfg) {
 password_authenticator::~password_authenticator() {
 }
 
-password_authenticator::password_authenticator(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& g0, ::service::migration_manager& mm, utils::alien_worker& hashing_worker)
+password_authenticator::password_authenticator(cql3::query_processor& qp, ::service::raft_group0_client& g0, ::service::migration_manager& mm, cache& cache)
     : _qp(qp)
     , _group0_client(g0)
     , _migration_manager(mm)
+    , _cache(cache)
     , _stopped(make_ready_future<>()) 
     , _superuser(default_superuser(qp.db().get_config()))
-    , _hashing_worker(hashing_worker)
 {}
 
 static bool has_salted_hash(const cql3::untyped_result_set_row& row) {
@@ -315,24 +315,31 @@ future<authenticated_user> password_authenticator::authenticate(
     const sstring password = credentials.at(PASSWORD_KEY);
 
     try {
-        const std::optional<sstring> salted_hash = co_await get_password_hash(username);
-        if (!salted_hash) {
-            throw exceptions::authentication_exception("Username and/or password are incorrect");
+        std::optional<sstring> salted_hash;
+        if (legacy_mode(_qp)) {
+            salted_hash = co_await get_password_hash(username);
+            if (!salted_hash) {
+                throw exceptions::authentication_exception("Username and/or password are incorrect");
+            }
+        } else {
+            auto role = _cache.get(username);
+            if (!role || role->salted_hash.empty()) {
+                throw exceptions::authentication_exception("Username and/or password are incorrect");
+            }
+            salted_hash = role->salted_hash;
         }
-        const bool password_match = co_await _hashing_worker.submit<bool>([password = std::move(password), salted_hash = std::move(salted_hash)]{
-            return passwords::check(password, *salted_hash);
-        });
+        const bool password_match = co_await passwords::check(password, *salted_hash);
         if (!password_match) {
             throw exceptions::authentication_exception("Username and/or password are incorrect");
         }
         co_return username;
-    } catch (std::system_error &) {
+    } catch (const std::system_error &) {
         std::throw_with_nested(exceptions::authentication_exception("Could not verify password"));
-    } catch (exceptions::request_execution_exception& e) {
+    } catch (const exceptions::request_execution_exception& e) {
         std::throw_with_nested(exceptions::authentication_exception(e.what()));
-    } catch (exceptions::authentication_exception& e) {
+    } catch (const exceptions::authentication_exception& e) {
         std::throw_with_nested(e);
-    } catch (exceptions::unavailable_exception& e) {
+    } catch (const exceptions::unavailable_exception& e) {
         std::throw_with_nested(exceptions::authentication_exception(e.get_message()));
     } catch (...) {
         std::throw_with_nested(exceptions::authentication_exception("authentication failed"));

auth/password_authenticator.hh

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 #include "db/consistency_level_type.hh"
 #include "auth/authenticator.hh"
 #include "auth/passwords.hh"
+#include "auth/cache.hh"
 #include "service/raft/raft_group0_client.hh"
-#include "utils/alien_worker.hh"
 
 namespace db {
     class config;
@@ -41,19 +41,19 @@ class password_authenticator : public authenticator {
     cql3::query_processor& _qp;
     ::service::raft_group0_client& _group0_client;
     ::service::migration_manager& _migration_manager;
+    cache& _cache;
     future<> _stopped;
     abort_source _as;
     std::string _superuser; // default superuser name from the config (may or may not be present in roles table)
     shared_promise<> _superuser_created_promise;
     // We used to also support bcrypt, SHA-256, and MD5 (ref. scylladb#24524).
     constexpr static auth::passwords::scheme _scheme = passwords::scheme::sha_512;
-    utils::alien_worker& _hashing_worker;
 
 public:
     static db::consistency_level consistency_for_user(std::string_view role_name);
     static std::string default_superuser(const db::config&);
 
-    password_authenticator(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, utils::alien_worker&);
+    password_authenticator(cql3::query_processor&, ::service::raft_group0_client&, ::service::migration_manager&, cache&);
 
     ~password_authenticator();
 

auth/passwords.cc

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
  */
 
 #include "auth/passwords.hh"
+#include "utils/crypt_sha512.hh"
+#include <seastar/core/coroutine.hh>
 
 #include <cerrno>
 
@@ -21,27 +23,48 @@ static thread_local crypt_data tlcrypt = {};
 
 namespace detail {
 
+void verify_hashing_output(const char * res) {
+    if (!res || (res[0] == '*')) {
+        throw std::system_error(errno, std::system_category());
+    }
+}
+
 void verify_scheme(scheme scheme) {
     const sstring random_part_of_salt = "aaaabbbbccccdddd";
 
     const sstring salt = sstring(prefix_for_scheme(scheme)) + random_part_of_salt;
     const char* e = crypt_r("fisk", salt.c_str(), &tlcrypt);
-
-    if (e && (e[0] != '*')) {
-        return;
+    try {
+        verify_hashing_output(e);
+    } catch (const std::system_error& ex) {
+        throw no_supported_schemes();
     }
-
-    throw no_supported_schemes();
 }
 
 sstring hash_with_salt(const sstring& pass, const sstring& salt) {
     auto res = crypt_r(pass.c_str(), salt.c_str(), &tlcrypt);
-    if (!res || (res[0] == '*')) {
-        throw std::system_error(errno, std::system_category());
-    }
+    verify_hashing_output(res);
     return res;
 }
 
+seastar::future<sstring> hash_with_salt_async(const sstring& pass, const sstring& salt) {
+    sstring res;
+    // Only SHA-512 hashes for passphrases shorter than 256 bytes can be computed using
+    // the __crypt_sha512 method. For other computations, we fall back to the
+    // crypt_r implementation from `<crypt.h>`, which can stall.
+    if (salt.starts_with(prefix_for_scheme(scheme::sha_512)) && pass.size() <= 255) {
+        char buf[128];
+        const char * output_ptr = co_await __crypt_sha512(pass.c_str(), salt.c_str(), buf);
+        verify_hashing_output(output_ptr);
+        res = output_ptr;
+    } else {
+        const char * output_ptr = crypt_r(pass.c_str(), salt.c_str(), &tlcrypt);
+        verify_hashing_output(output_ptr);
+        res = output_ptr;
+    }
+    co_return res;
+}
+
 std::string_view prefix_for_scheme(scheme c) noexcept {
     switch (c) {
     case scheme::bcrypt_y: return "$2y$";
@@ -58,8 +81,9 @@ no_supported_schemes::no_supported_schemes()
         : std::runtime_error("No allowed hashing schemes are supported on this system") {
 }
 
-bool check(const sstring& pass, const sstring& salted_hash) {
-    return detail::hash_with_salt(pass, salted_hash) == salted_hash;
+seastar::future<bool> check(const sstring& pass, const sstring& salted_hash) {
+    const auto pwd_hash = co_await detail::hash_with_salt_async(pass, salted_hash);
+    co_return pwd_hash == salted_hash;
 }
 
 } // namespace auth::passwords

auth/passwords.hh

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <random>
 #include <stdexcept>
 
+#include <seastar/core/future.hh>
 #include <seastar/core/sstring.hh>
 
 #include "seastarx.hh"
@@ -75,11 +76,23 @@ sstring generate_salt(RandomNumberEngine& g, scheme scheme) {
 
 ///
 /// Hash a password combined with an implementation-specific salt string.
+/// Deprecated in favor of `hash_with_salt_async`. This function is still used
+/// when generating password hashes for storage to ensure that
+/// `hash_with_salt` and `hash_with_salt_async` produce identical results,
+/// preserving backward compatibility.
 ///
 /// \throws \ref std::system_error when an unexpected implementation-specific error occurs.
 ///
 sstring hash_with_salt(const sstring& pass, const sstring& salt);
 
+///
+/// Async version of `hash_with_salt` that returns a future.
+/// If possible, hashing uses `coroutine::maybe_yield` to prevent reactor stalls.
+///
+/// \throws \ref std::system_error when an unexpected implementation-specific error occurs.
+///
+seastar::future<sstring> hash_with_salt_async(const sstring& pass, const sstring& salt);
+
 } // namespace detail
 
 ///
@@ -107,6 +120,6 @@ sstring hash(const sstring& pass, RandomNumberEngine& g, scheme scheme) {
 ///
 /// \throws \ref std::system_error when an unexpected implementation-specific error occurs.
 ///
-bool check(const sstring& pass, const sstring& salted_hash);
+seastar::future<bool> check(const sstring& pass, const sstring& salted_hash);
 
 } // namespace auth::passwords

auth/permission.cc

@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ static const std::unordered_map<sstring, auth::permission> permission_names({
         {"MODIFY", auth::permission::MODIFY},
         {"AUTHORIZE", auth::permission::AUTHORIZE},
         {"DESCRIBE", auth::permission::DESCRIBE},
-        {"EXECUTE", auth::permission::EXECUTE}});
+        {"EXECUTE", auth::permission::EXECUTE},
+        {"VECTOR_SEARCH_INDEXING", auth::permission::VECTOR_SEARCH_INDEXING}});
 
 const sstring& auth::permissions::to_string(permission p) {
     for (auto& v : permission_names) {

auth/permission.hh

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ enum class permission {
     // data access
     SELECT, // required for SELECT.
     MODIFY, // required for INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE.
+    VECTOR_SEARCH_INDEXING, // required for SELECT from tables with vector indexes if SELECT permission is not granted.
 
     // permission management
     AUTHORIZE, // required for GRANT and REVOKE.
@@ -54,7 +55,8 @@ typedef enum_set<
                 permission::MODIFY,
                 permission::AUTHORIZE,
                 permission::DESCRIBE,
-                permission::EXECUTE>> permission_set;
+                permission::EXECUTE,
+                permission::VECTOR_SEARCH_INDEXING>> permission_set;
 
 bool operator<(const permission_set&, const permission_set&);
 

auth/permissions_cache.cc

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2017-present ScyllaDB
- */
-
-/*
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-ScyllaDB-Source-Available-1.0
- */
-
-#include "auth/permissions_cache.hh"
-
-#include <fmt/ranges.h>
-#include "auth/authorizer.hh"
-#include "auth/service.hh"
-
-namespace auth {
-
-permissions_cache::permissions_cache(const utils::loading_cache_config& c, service& ser, logging::logger& log)
-        : _cache(c, log, [&ser, &log](const key_type& k) {
-              log.debug("Refreshing permissions for {}", k.first);
-              return ser.get_uncached_permissions(k.first, k.second);
-          }) {
-}
-
-bool permissions_cache::update_config(utils::loading_cache_config c) {
-    return _cache.update_config(std::move(c));
-}
-
-void permissions_cache::reset() {
-    _cache.reset();
-}
-
-future<permission_set> permissions_cache::get(const role_or_anonymous& maybe_role, const resource& r) {
-    return do_with(key_type(maybe_role, r), [this](const auto& k) {
-        return _cache.get(k);
-    });
-}
-
-}