docs: regenerate star history chart

* filer.remote.sync: resolve same-second updates with the sync stamp

shouldSendToRemote compared remote_mtime to the entry mtime in whole
seconds, so a rewrite landing in the same second as the previous upload
was dropped and never retried. When the two seconds are equal, fall back
to the full-precision LastLocalSyncTsNs stamp, the same check
remote.uncache uses to refuse uncaching an unsynced entry. An entry
without the stamp is treated as unsynced and sent.

Fixes #11713

* filer.remote.sync: restamp the entry after a metadata-only remote update

A same-second metadata edit now reaches UpdateFileMetadata, but without
advancing LastLocalSyncTsNs the entry stays dirty and every later event
re-sends the metadata update. Stamping it through updateLocalEntry keeps
the same IF_ENTRY_EQUAL guard as an upload stamp.

* filer.remote.sync: stamp a cloned RemoteEntry in updateLocalEntry

Callers can pass the event's own RemoteEntry; mutating its stamp before
the expected entry is cloned put the new stamp into IF_ENTRY_EQUAL while
the filer still holds the old one, so every restamp was rejected as
stale. Stamping a clone keeps the precondition on the stored stamp and
leaves the caller's RemoteEntry untouched.

.codespellrc

@@ -19,4 +19,5 @@ ignore-regex = \b[a-z]+[A-Z]\w*\b|\b[A-Z][a-z]+[A-Z]\w*\b
 # thirdparty: literal Maven groupId `org.apache.hadoop.thirdparty` (external, cannot rename)
 # unknwon: GitHub username / Go module path (`github.com/unknwon/goconfig`)
 # atleast: CLI mode literal string in test/benchmark/fuse_db/bin/sqlite_verify.py
-ignore-words-list = visibles,fo,te,ser,bject,unparseable,keep-alives,tread,anc,ue,auther,thirdparty,unknwon,atleast
+# sme: local variable for a *streamMutateError in mount tests
+ignore-words-list = visibles,fo,te,ser,bject,unparseable,keep-alives,tread,anc,ue,auther,thirdparty,unknwon,atleast,sme

.github/actions/sign-image/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+name: Sign container images
+description: >
+  Keyless cosign signature on each image, then a verification pass against the
+  identity the signature should carry, so a misconfigured job fails here and not
+  on someone's cluster. That identity is the calling workflow's own,
+  https://github.com/<owner>/<repo>/.github/workflows/<file>@<ref>.
+  The calling job needs `id-token: write` and a registry login for every image.
+
+inputs:
+  images:
+    description: Image references by digest (name@sha256:...), whitespace separated.
+    required: true
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Install cosign
+      uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@v4.1.2
+
+    - name: Sign
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        IMAGES: ${{ inputs.images }}
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        # The .sig tag layout: the OCI-referrer bundle cosign 3 writes by default
+        # is not read by the Kyverno and policy-controller releases in use today.
+        # Cosign 3 also defaults to --use-signing-config, which insists on a
+        # bundle for its output; turning it off falls back to the default
+        # Fulcio and Rekor URLs, which is all the .sig layout ever used.
+        cosign sign --yes --recursive \
+          --new-bundle-format=false --use-signing-config=false \
+          $IMAGES
+
+    - name: Verify
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        IMAGES: ${{ inputs.images }}
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        cosign verify \
+          --certificate-oidc-issuer https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com \
+          --certificate-identity "https://github.com/$GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF" \
+          $IMAGES

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 version: 2
 updates:
 - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
-  directory: "/"
+  directories:
+    - "/"
+    - "/.github/actions/sign-image"
   schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
 - package-ecosystem: gomod
   directory: "/"
   schedule:
     interval: weekly
+  ignore:
+    - dependency-name: "github.com/seaweedfs/goexif"

.github/scripts/helm_jwt_keys.py

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Check JWT extraction and, with --context, real Helm upgrade persistence."""
+
+import argparse
+import base64
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import uuid
+
+try:
+    import tomllib
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # CI also exercises Python 3.10.
+    import tomli as tomllib
+
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+CHART = ROOT / "k8s/charts/seaweedfs"
+SECTIONS = ("jwt.signing", "jwt.signing.read", "jwt.filer_signing", "jwt.filer_signing.read")
+KEYS = {section: f"active-{index}" for index, section in enumerate(SECTIONS)}
+ESCAPED_HEADER = '["jw\\u0074".signing]\nkey = "existing"'
+
+
+def run(*args):
+    return subprocess.run(args, check=True, text=True, capture_output=True).stdout
+
+
+def keys(raw):
+    document = tomllib.loads(raw)
+    result = {}
+    for section in SECTIONS:
+        table = document
+        for part in section.split("."):
+            table = table.get(part, {})
+        if "key" in table:
+            result[section] = table["key"]
+    return result
+
+
+def fixtures():
+    canonical = "\n".join(f'[{section}]\nkey = "{value}"' for section, value in KEYS.items())
+    yield "canonical / final line without newline", canonical
+    yield "commented stale keys", canonical.replace("key =", '# key = "stale"\nkey =')
+    yield "commented headers / mixed line endings", "\n".join(
+        f'# [{section}]\r\n# key = "stale"\r\n[{section}]\nkey = "{value}"'
+        for section, value in KEYS.items()
+    )
+    yield "indented headers and keys / trailing comments", "\n".join(
+        f' \t[ {section} ] \t# header [note]\n \tkey \t= \t"{value}" # key comment'
+        for section, value in KEYS.items()
+    )
+    yield "CRLF", canonical.replace("\n", "\r\n")
+    yield "quoted and spaced section names", "\n".join(
+        f'["{section.split(".")[0]}" . \'{section.split(".")[1]}\''
+        + (f' . "{section.split(".")[2]}"' if section.count(".") == 2 else "")
+        + f'] # original table\nkey = "{value}"'
+        for section, value in KEYS.items()
+    )
+    yield "unrelated quoted header before JWT keys", '["custom section"]\nkey = "other"\n' + canonical
+    yield "brackets in comments", canonical.replace("key =", "# consult [notes]\nkey =")
+    yield "quoted values and quoted key names", "\n".join((
+        '[jwt.signing]\n"key" = "brackets[inside]#value"',
+        "[jwt.signing.read]\n'key' = 'literal\\path[#value]'",
+        r'[jwt.filer_signing]' + '\n' + r'key = "escaped\"quote\\slash\u0041"',
+        '[jwt.filer_signing.read]\nkey = ""',
+    ))
+    yield "absent keys and sections / unrelated key", '\n'.join((
+        '[jwt.signing]\nexpires_after_seconds = 10',
+        '[jwt.signing.read]\nkey = "read-only"',
+        '[unrelated]\nkey = "not-a-jwt-key"',
+        '# [jwt.filer_signing]\n# key = "not-active"',
+    ))
+    yield "no existing security.toml", ""
+
+
+def check_generated(value):
+    decoded = base64.b64decode(value, validate=True).decode("ascii")
+    assert len(decoded) == 10 and decoded.isascii() and decoded.isalnum(), "invalid generated JWT key"
+
+
+def check_helpers(helm, reference_helm):
+    # Exercise the real helper, not a second implementation of its matching rules.
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="helm-jwt-helper-") as directory:
+        chart = Path(directory)
+        (chart / "templates").mkdir()
+        (chart / "Chart.yaml").write_text("apiVersion: v2\nname: jwt-regression\nversion: 0.0.0\n")
+        shutil.copyfile(CHART / "templates/shared/_helpers.tpl", chart / "templates/_helpers.tpl")
+        entries = [
+            json.dumps(section) + ': {{ include "seaweedfs.existingTomlKey" (list '
+            + json.dumps(section) + ' .Values.raw) | toJson }}'
+            for section in SECTIONS
+        ]
+        template = chart / "templates/keys.yaml"
+        prefix = '{"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"ConfigMap","metadata":{"name":"keys"},"data":{'
+        helper_template = prefix + ",".join(entries) + "}}"
+        reference_entries = [
+            json.dumps(section) + ': {{ dig '
+            + " ".join(json.dumps(part) for part in section.split("."))
+            + ' "key" "__ABSENT__" (fromToml .Values.raw) | toJson }}'
+            for section in SECTIONS
+        ]
+        reference_template = prefix + ",".join(reference_entries) + "}}"
+
+        def render(binary, source, raw):
+            template.write_text(source)
+            values = chart / "input.json"
+            values.write_text(json.dumps({"raw": raw}))
+            output = run(binary, "template", "keys", str(chart), "-f", str(values))
+            return json.loads(output[output.index("{"):])["data"]
+
+        for name, raw in fixtures():
+            expected = keys(raw)
+            tokens = render(helm, helper_template, raw)
+            actual = {section: tomllib.loads("key = " + token)["key"]
+                      for section, token in tokens.items() if token != ""}
+            assert actual == expected, f"{name}: extracted keys differ from stored TOML"
+            if reference_helm:
+                reference = render(reference_helm, reference_template, raw)
+                reference = {section: value for section, value in reference.items() if value != "__ABSENT__"}
+                assert actual == reference, f"{name}: keys differ from fromToml/dig"
+            print(f"PASS helper: {name}")
+
+        # A present but unsupported value must not silently become a fresh key.
+        try:
+            render(helm, helper_template, '[jwt.signing]\nkey = """multi\nline"""')
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
+            assert "refusing to replace an existing key" in error.stderr, error.stderr
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError("multiline existing key was silently accepted or replaced")
+        print("PASS helper: unsupported existing value fails without rotation")
+
+        try:
+            render(helm, helper_template, ESCAPED_HEADER)
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
+            assert "unsupported quoted section header" in error.stderr, error.stderr
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError("unsupported quoted header silently rotated its key")
+        print("PASS helper: unsupported quoted header fails without rotation")
+
+
+def check_upgrades(helm, context):
+    namespace = "jwt-key-persist-" + uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]
+    current = "jk-seaweedfs-security-config"
+    legacy = "seaweedfs-security-config"
+    kubectl = ["kubectl", "--context", context, "-n", namespace]
+    release_args = ["jk", str(CHART), "--kube-context", context, "-n", namespace]
+    # No workload is needed to exercise Helm's real ConfigMap lookup and update.
+    for setting in (
+        "master.enabled=false", "volume.enabled=false", "filer.enabled=false",
+        "global.seaweedfs.createClusterRole=false",
+        "global.seaweedfs.securityConfig.jwtSigning.volumeWrite=true",
+        "global.seaweedfs.securityConfig.jwtSigning.volumeRead=true",
+        "global.seaweedfs.securityConfig.jwtSigning.filerWrite=true",
+        "global.seaweedfs.securityConfig.jwtSigning.filerRead=true",
+    ):
+        release_args += ["--set", setting]
+
+    def stored():
+        cm = json.loads(run(*kubectl, "get", "configmap", current, "-o", "json"))
+        return keys(cm["data"]["security.toml"])
+
+    def upgrade():
+        run(helm, "upgrade", *release_args)
+        return stored()
+
+    def patch(raw):
+        # Seed previous-release content without taking Helm 4's SSA ownership.
+        run(*kubectl, "patch", "configmap", current, "--type=merge", "--field-manager=helm", "-p",
+            json.dumps({"data": {"security.toml": raw}}))
+
+    run(*kubectl, "create", "namespace", namespace)
+    try:
+        run(helm, "install", *release_args)
+        initial = stored()
+        assert set(initial) == set(SECTIONS), "install omitted a JWT section"
+        for value in initial.values():
+            check_generated(value)
+        assert upgrade() == initial, "no-op upgrade changed an existing key"
+        print("PASS upgrade: all four generated keys persist")
+
+        for name, raw in fixtures():
+            patch(raw)
+            actual = upgrade()
+            expected = keys(raw)
+            assert set(actual) == set(SECTIONS), f"{name}: upgrade omitted a JWT section"
+            for section in SECTIONS:
+                if section in expected:
+                    assert actual[section] == expected[section], f"{name}: changed {section}"
+                else:
+                    check_generated(actual[section])
+            assert upgrade() == actual, f"{name}: subsequent upgrade changed a key"
+            print(f"PASS upgrade: {name}")
+
+        # Migration from the old chart name, followed by precedence of the current name.
+        legacy_raw = "\n".join(f'[{section}]\nkey = "legacy-{index}"'
+                               for index, section in enumerate(SECTIONS))
+        run(*kubectl, "create", "configmap", legacy, "--from-literal=security.toml=" + legacy_raw)
+        run(*kubectl, "delete", "configmap", current)
+        assert upgrade() == keys(legacy_raw), "legacy ConfigMap keys were not preserved"
+        print("PASS upgrade: legacy ConfigMap migration")
+        current_raw = next(fixtures())[1]
+        patch(current_raw)
+        assert upgrade() == keys(current_raw), "legacy ConfigMap overrode current ConfigMap"
+        print("PASS upgrade: current ConfigMap takes precedence")
+
+        patch(ESCAPED_HEADER)
+        try:
+            upgrade()
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
+            assert "unsupported quoted section header" in error.stderr, error.stderr
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError("unsupported quoted header silently rotated its key")
+        assert keys(run(*kubectl, "get", "configmap", current, "-o",
+                        "jsonpath={.data.security\\.toml}"))["jwt.signing"] == "existing"
+        print("PASS upgrade: unsupported quoted header leaves stored key untouched")
+    finally:
+        run(*kubectl, "delete", "namespace", namespace, "--wait=false")
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("--helm", default="helm")
+    parser.add_argument("--reference-helm", help="Helm >=3.17 binary for differential checks")
+    parser.add_argument("--context", help="explicit disposable Kubernetes context for live upgrade checks")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    print(run(args.helm, "version", "--short").strip())
+    check_helpers(args.helm, args.reference_helm)
+    if args.context:
+        check_upgrades(args.helm, args.context)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    try:
+        main()
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
+        print(error.stderr, file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(error.returncode)

.github/scripts/star_history.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Render the repository's star history to note/star_history.svg.
+
+Uses the GitHub REST stargazers endpoint with the starred-at accept header,
+which caps at 40,000 entries (400 pages of 100). The chart is regenerated on
+a schedule; if the repo grows past that cap the script stops at 40,000 and
+logs a warning rather than under-reporting.
+"""
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import urllib.request
+from datetime import datetime
+
+import matplotlib
+
+matplotlib.use("Agg")
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  # noqa: E402
+from matplotlib.dates import AutoDateLocator, DateFormatter  # noqa: E402
+
+REPO = "seaweedfs/seaweedfs"
+TOKEN = os.environ["GITHUB_TOKEN"]
+OUT = os.environ.get("OUT", "note/star_history.svg")
+PAGE_CAP = 400  # GitHub's hard limit on stargazer pagination
+
+
+def fetch_stargazers():
+    stars = []
+    page = 1
+    while page <= PAGE_CAP:
+        url = f"https://api.github.com/repos/{REPO}/stargazers?per_page=100&page={page}"
+        req = urllib.request.Request(
+            url,
+            headers={
+                "Accept": "application/vnd.github.star+json",
+                "Authorization": f"Bearer {TOKEN}",
+                "X-GitHub-Api-Version": "2022-11-28",
+                "User-Agent": "seaweedfs-star-history",
+            },
+        )
+        with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as resp:
+            batch = json.load(resp)
+        if not batch:
+            break
+        for u in batch:
+            sa = u.get("starred_at")
+            if sa:
+                stars.append(datetime.fromisoformat(sa.replace("Z", "+00:00")))
+        if len(batch) < 100:
+            break
+        page += 1
+    if page > PAGE_CAP:
+        print(
+            f"::warning::Hit the {PAGE_CAP}-page stargazer pagination cap; "
+            "chart reflects the first 40,000 stars only."
+        )
+    return stars
+
+
+def render(stars, out):
+    stars.sort()
+    counts = list(range(1, len(stars) + 1))
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6), dpi=130)
+    ax.plot(stars, counts, color="#0969da", linewidth=1.6)
+    ax.set_xlabel("Date")
+    ax.set_ylabel("Stars")
+    ax.set_title(f"{REPO} star history")
+    ax.grid(True, linestyle="--", alpha=0.3)
+    ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(AutoDateLocator())
+    ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(DateFormatter("%Y-%m"))
+    fig.autofmt_xdate()
+    fig.tight_layout()
+    fig.savefig(out, format="svg", transparent=False)
+    plt.close(fig)
+
+
+def main():
+    stars = fetch_stargazers()
+    if not stars:
+        print("::error::No stargazers fetched; not updating the chart.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    render(stars, OUT)
+    print(f"Rendered {len(stars)} stars to {OUT}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v4.37.9
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v4.38.2
         # Override language selection by uncommenting this and choosing your languages
         with:
           languages: go
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
       # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages (C/C++, C#, or Java).
       # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below).
       - name: Autobuild
-        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v4.37.9
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v4.38.2
 
       # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
       # 📚 See https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#jobsjob_idstepsrun
@@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ jobs:
       #     make release
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v4.37.9
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v4.38.2

.github/workflows/container_dev.yml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - 'weed/**'
       - 'seaweed-volume/**'
+      - 'seaweed-common/**'
       - 'seaweed-worker/**'
       - 'docker/**'
       - 'go.mod'
@@ -101,6 +102,9 @@ jobs:
   build-dev-containers:
     needs: [build-rust-binaries]
     runs-on: [ubuntu-latest]
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -149,7 +153,7 @@ jobs:
             org.opencontainers.image.vendor=Chris Lu
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4.4.0
 
       - name: Create BuildKit config
         run: |
@@ -180,6 +184,7 @@ jobs:
           password: ${{ secrets.GHCR_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Build
+        id: build
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: ./docker
@@ -188,3 +193,11 @@ jobs:
           platforms: linux/amd64, linux/arm64
           tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
           labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}
+
+      - name: Sign
+        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/sign-image
+        with:
+          images: >-
+            chrislusf/seaweedfs@${{ steps.build.outputs.digest }}
+            ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs@${{ steps.build.outputs.digest }}

.github/workflows/container_foundationdb_version.yml

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   build-foundationdb-image:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "seaweedfs_ref=$seaweed" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4.4.0
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
@@ -154,6 +157,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Build and push image
+        id: build
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: ./docker
@@ -171,3 +175,8 @@ jobs:
             org.opencontainers.image.description=SeaweedFS is a distributed storage system for blobs, objects, files, and data lake, to store and serve billions of files fast!
             org.opencontainers.image.vendor=Chris Lu
 
+      - name: Sign
+        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/sign-image
+        with:
+          images: chrislusf/seaweedfs@${{ steps.build.outputs.digest }}

.github/workflows/container_latest.yml

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        platform: [amd64, arm64, arm, 386]
+        platform: [amd64, arm64, arm, 386, ppc64le, s390x]
         variant: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.variants) }}
 
     steps:
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ jobs:
             org.opencontainers.image.vendor=Chris Lu
       - name: Set up QEMU
         if: matrix.platform != 'amd64'
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4.4.0
       - name: Create BuildKit config
         run: |
           cat > /tmp/buildkitd.toml <<EOF
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ jobs:
           output: trivy-results.sarif
           exit-code: '0'
       - name: Upload Trivy scan results to GitHub Security
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v4.37.9
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v4.38.2
         if: always()
         with:
           sarif_file: trivy-results.sarif
@@ -441,15 +441,19 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [setup, build, trivy-scan]
     if: needs.setup.outputs.publish == 'true' && github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
     strategy:
       matrix:
         variant: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.variants) }}
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout
+      - name: Checkout the signing action
         uses: actions/checkout@v7
         with:
-          ref: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.source_ref || github.ref }}
-      
+          sparse-checkout: .github/actions
+          persist-credentials: false
+
       - name: Configure variant
         id: config
         run: |
@@ -482,21 +486,31 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           # Install crane for efficient multi-arch image copying
           cd $(mktemp -d)
-          curl -sL "https://github.com/google/go-containerregistry/releases/latest/download/go-containerregistry_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz" | tar xz
+          curl -sLO https://github.com/google/go-containerregistry/releases/download/v0.22.0/go-containerregistry_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz
+          echo "edb74d53fad9a596860f59d1c5d04a43dfb5f441dc71f57060dd0bf39483c833  go-containerregistry_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c -
+          tar xzf go-containerregistry_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz crane
           sudo mv crane /usr/local/bin/
           crane version
       - name: Create and push manifest
+        id: manifest
+        env:
+          BASE_TAG: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.image_tag || 'latest' }}
         run: |
           SUFFIX="${{ steps.config.outputs.tag_suffix }}"
-          BASE_TAG="${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.image_tag || 'latest' }}"
           
           # Create manifest on GHCR first (no rate limits)
           echo "Creating GHCR manifest (no rate limits)..."
           docker buildx imagetools create -t ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX} \
+            --metadata-file /tmp/manifest.json \
             ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-amd64 \
             ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-arm64 \
             ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-arm \
-            ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-386
+            ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-386 \
+            ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-ppc64le \
+            ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-s390x
+          # The copy and the signature below use the digest this run pushed, not whatever the tag points at by then.
+          DIGEST=$(jq -er '."containerimage.descriptor".digest' /tmp/manifest.json)
+          echo "digest=${DIGEST}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
           
           # Copy the complete multi-arch image from GHCR to Docker Hub
           # This only requires one pull from GHCR (no rate limit) and one push to Docker Hub
@@ -532,16 +546,25 @@ jobs:
           # Use crane or skopeo to copy, fallback to docker if not available
           if command -v crane &> /dev/null; then
             echo "Using crane to copy..."
-            retry_with_backoff crane copy ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX} chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}
+            retry_with_backoff crane copy ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs@${DIGEST} chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}
           elif command -v skopeo &> /dev/null; then
             echo "Using skopeo to copy..."
-            retry_with_backoff skopeo copy --all docker://ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX} docker://chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}
+            retry_with_backoff skopeo copy --all docker://ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs@${DIGEST} docker://chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}
           else
-            echo "Using docker buildx imagetools (pulling 4 images from Docker Hub)..."
+            echo "Using docker buildx imagetools (pulling 6 images from Docker Hub)..."
             # Fallback: create manifest directly on Docker Hub (pulls from Docker Hub - rate limited)
             retry_with_backoff docker buildx imagetools create -t chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX} \
               ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-amd64 \
               ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-arm64 \
               ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-arm \
-              ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-386
+              ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-386 \
+              ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-ppc64le \
+              ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:${BASE_TAG}${SUFFIX}-s390x
           fi
+
+      - name: Sign
+        uses: ./.github/actions/sign-image
+        with:
+          images: >-
+            ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs@${{ steps.manifest.outputs.digest }}
+            chrislusf/seaweedfs@${{ steps.manifest.outputs.digest }}

.github/workflows/container_release_foundationdb.yml

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ jobs:
 
   build-large-release-container_foundationdb:
     runs-on: [ubuntu-latest]
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
 
     steps:
       -
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
             org.opencontainers.image.vendor=Chris Lu
       -
         name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4.4.0
       -
         name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
@@ -65,6 +68,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
       -
         name: Build
+        id: build
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: ./docker
@@ -76,4 +80,10 @@ jobs:
           platforms: linux/amd64
           tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
           labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}
+      -
+        name: Sign
+        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/sign-image
+        with:
+          images: chrislusf/seaweedfs@${{ steps.build.outputs.digest }}
 

.github/workflows/container_release_unified.yml

@@ -149,12 +149,16 @@ jobs:
           - { variant: normal, tag_suffix: "",             dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile.go_build, build_args: "",               rust_variant: normal,     platform: linux/arm64,  arch: arm64, runner: ubuntu-24.04-arm, qemu: false }
           - { variant: normal, tag_suffix: "",             dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile.go_build, build_args: "",               rust_variant: normal,     platform: linux/arm/v7, arch: armv7, runner: ubuntu-latest,    qemu: true }
           - { variant: normal, tag_suffix: "",             dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile.go_build, build_args: "",               rust_variant: normal,     platform: linux/386,    arch: i386,  runner: ubuntu-latest,    qemu: false }
+          - { variant: normal, tag_suffix: "",             dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile.go_build, build_args: "",               rust_variant: normal,     platform: linux/ppc64le, arch: ppc64le, runner: ubuntu-latest,  qemu: true }
+          - { variant: normal, tag_suffix: "",             dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile.go_build, build_args: "",               rust_variant: normal,     platform: linux/s390x,   arch: s390x, runner: ubuntu-latest,    qemu: true }
 
           # Large disk - multi-arch
           - { variant: large_disk, tag_suffix: _large_disk, dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile.go_build, build_args: TAGS=5BytesOffset, rust_variant: large-disk, platform: linux/amd64,  arch: amd64, runner: ubuntu-latest,    qemu: false }
           - { variant: large_disk, tag_suffix: _large_disk, dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile.go_build, build_args: TAGS=5BytesOffset, rust_variant: large-disk, platform: linux/arm64,  arch: arm64, runner: ubuntu-24.04-arm, qemu: false }
           - { variant: large_disk, tag_suffix: _large_disk, dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile.go_build, build_args: TAGS=5BytesOffset, rust_variant: large-disk, platform: linux/arm/v7, arch: armv7, runner: ubuntu-latest,    qemu: true }
           - { variant: large_disk, tag_suffix: _large_disk, dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile.go_build, build_args: TAGS=5BytesOffset, rust_variant: large-disk, platform: linux/386,    arch: i386,  runner: ubuntu-latest,    qemu: false }
+          - { variant: large_disk, tag_suffix: _large_disk, dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile.go_build, build_args: TAGS=5BytesOffset, rust_variant: large-disk, platform: linux/ppc64le, arch: ppc64le, runner: ubuntu-latest,  qemu: true }
+          - { variant: large_disk, tag_suffix: _large_disk, dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile.go_build, build_args: TAGS=5BytesOffset, rust_variant: large-disk, platform: linux/s390x,   arch: s390x, runner: ubuntu-latest,    qemu: true }
 
           # Full tags - multi-arch
           - { variant: full, tag_suffix: _full, dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile.go_build, build_args: "TAGS=elastic,gocdk,rclone,sqlite,tarantool,tikv,ydb", rust_variant: normal, platform: linux/amd64, arch: amd64, runner: ubuntu-latest,    qemu: false }
@@ -231,7 +235,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         if: (github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.inputs.variant == 'all' || github.event.inputs.variant == matrix.variant) && matrix.qemu
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4.4.0
 
       - name: Create BuildKit config
         if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.inputs.variant == 'all' || github.event.inputs.variant == matrix.variant
@@ -295,10 +299,14 @@ jobs:
           if-no-files-found: error
           retention-days: 1
 
-  # Assemble each variant's per-platform digests into one tag, then mirror to Docker Hub.
+  # Assemble each variant's per-platform digests into one tag, mirror it to
+  # Docker Hub, and sign the result on both registries.
   merge:
     needs: [build]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -309,6 +317,13 @@ jobs:
           - { variant: large_disk_full, tag_suffix: _large_disk_full }
           - { variant: rocksdb,         tag_suffix: _large_disk_rocksdb }
     steps:
+      - name: Checkout the signing action
+        if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.inputs.variant == 'all' || github.event.inputs.variant == matrix.variant
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          sparse-checkout: .github/actions
+          persist-credentials: false
+
       - name: Download digests
         if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.inputs.variant == 'all' || github.event.inputs.variant == matrix.variant
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
@@ -331,12 +346,17 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Create multi-arch tag on GHCR
         if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.inputs.variant == 'all' || github.event.inputs.variant == matrix.variant
+        id: manifest
         working-directory: /tmp/digests
         run: |
           docker buildx imagetools create \
             -t ${{ env.IMAGE }}:${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}${{ matrix.tag_suffix }} \
+            --metadata-file /tmp/manifest.json \
             $(printf '${{ env.IMAGE }}@sha256:%s ' *)
           docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.IMAGE }}:${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}${{ matrix.tag_suffix }}
+          # The copy and the signature below use the digest this run pushed, not whatever the tag points at by then.
+          digest=$(jq -er '."containerimage.descriptor".digest' /tmp/manifest.json)
+          echo "digest=${digest}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.inputs.variant == 'all' || github.event.inputs.variant == matrix.variant
@@ -349,7 +369,9 @@ jobs:
         if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.inputs.variant == 'all' || github.event.inputs.variant == matrix.variant
         run: |
           cd $(mktemp -d)
-          curl -sL "https://github.com/google/go-containerregistry/releases/latest/download/go-containerregistry_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz" | tar xz
+          curl -sLO https://github.com/google/go-containerregistry/releases/download/v0.22.0/go-containerregistry_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz
+          echo "edb74d53fad9a596860f59d1c5d04a43dfb5f441dc71f57060dd0bf39483c833  go-containerregistry_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c -
+          tar xzf go-containerregistry_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz crane
           sudo mv crane /usr/local/bin/
           crane version
 
@@ -380,10 +402,18 @@ jobs:
 
           echo "Copying ${{ matrix.variant }} from GHCR to Docker Hub..."
           retry_with_backoff crane copy \
-            ${{ env.IMAGE }}:${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}${{ matrix.tag_suffix }} \
+            ${{ env.IMAGE }}@${{ steps.manifest.outputs.digest }} \
             chrislusf/seaweedfs:${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}${{ matrix.tag_suffix }}
           echo "Copied ${{ matrix.variant }} to Docker Hub"
 
+      - name: Sign ${{ matrix.variant }}
+        if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.inputs.variant == 'all' || github.event.inputs.variant == matrix.variant
+        uses: ./.github/actions/sign-image
+        with:
+          images: >-
+            ${{ env.IMAGE }}@${{ steps.manifest.outputs.digest }}
+            chrislusf/seaweedfs@${{ steps.manifest.outputs.digest }}
+
   # Report-only trivy scan: uploads fixable HIGH/CRITICAL findings to GitHub
   # Security for visibility, but never blocks the release. Releases (including
   # `latest`) ship regardless — vulnerabilities are tracked, not gated, since
@@ -430,7 +460,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Trivy scan results to GitHub Security
         if: always()
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v4.37.9
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v4.38.2
         with:
           sarif_file: trivy-results.sarif
           category: trivy-${{ matrix.variant }}
@@ -439,7 +469,8 @@ jobs:
   # image. crane tag adds an extra tag to an existing manifest — no rebuild,
   # no QEMU, no separate workflow. Replaces the old container_latest.yml
   # rebuild that often failed or lagged behind the release. Independent of
-  # trivy-scan: vuln findings are reported but do not block `latest`.
+  # trivy-scan: vuln findings are reported but do not block `latest`. The
+  # cosign signature is attached to the digest, so `latest` carries it too.
   tag-latest:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [merge]
@@ -468,7 +499,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install crane
         run: |
           cd $(mktemp -d)
-          curl -sL "https://github.com/google/go-containerregistry/releases/latest/download/go-containerregistry_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz" | tar xz
+          curl -sLO https://github.com/google/go-containerregistry/releases/download/v0.22.0/go-containerregistry_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz
+          echo "edb74d53fad9a596860f59d1c5d04a43dfb5f441dc71f57060dd0bf39483c833  go-containerregistry_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c -
+          tar xzf go-containerregistry_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz crane
           sudo mv crane /usr/local/bin/
           crane version
 

.github/workflows/container_rocksdb_version.yml

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   build-rocksdb-image:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "seaweedfs_ref=$seaweed" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8 # v1
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@99012661954931238ded8c8b007157a8430204e1 # v1
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v1
@@ -94,6 +97,7 @@ jobs:
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
 
       - name: Build and push image
+        id: build
         uses: docker/build-push-action@bcafcacb16a39f128d818304e6c9c0c18556b85f # v2
         with:
           context: ./docker
@@ -108,3 +112,8 @@ jobs:
             org.opencontainers.image.title=seaweedfs
             org.opencontainers.image.description=SeaweedFS is a distributed storage system for blobs, objects, files, and data lake, to store and serve billions of files fast!
             org.opencontainers.image.vendor=Chris Lu
+
+      - name: Sign
+        uses: ./.github/actions/sign-image
+        with:
+          images: chrislusf/seaweedfs@${{ steps.build.outputs.digest }}

.github/workflows/deploy_telemetry.yml

@@ -35,11 +35,48 @@ jobs:
           cd telemetry/server
           go mod tidy
           echo "Building telemetry server..."
-          GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -o ../../telemetry-server .
+          CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -o ../../telemetry-server .
           cd ../..
           ls -la telemetry-server
           echo "Build completed successfully"
 
+      - name: Generate Service Configuration
+        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && (inputs.setup || inputs.deploy)
+        env:
+          REMOTE_USER: ${{ secrets.TELEMETRY_USER }}
+        run: |
+          # Create systemd service file
+          echo "
+          [Unit]
+          Description=SeaweedFS Telemetry Server
+          After=network.target
+
+          [Service]
+          Type=simple
+          User=$REMOTE_USER
+          WorkingDirectory=/home/$REMOTE_USER/seaweedfs-telemetry
+          ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'exec /home/$REMOTE_USER/seaweedfs-telemetry/bin/telemetry-server -port=8353 >>/home/$REMOTE_USER/seaweedfs-telemetry/logs/telemetry.log 2>>/home/$REMOTE_USER/seaweedfs-telemetry/logs/telemetry.error.log'
+          Restart=always
+          RestartSec=5
+
+          [Install]
+          WantedBy=multi-user.target" > telemetry.service
+
+          # Setup logrotate configuration
+          echo "# SeaweedFS Telemetry service log rotation
+          /home/$REMOTE_USER/seaweedfs-telemetry/logs/*.log {
+              daily
+              rotate 30
+              compress
+              delaycompress
+              missingok
+              notifempty
+              create 644 $REMOTE_USER $REMOTE_USER
+              postrotate
+                  systemctl restart telemetry.service
+              endscript
+          }" > telemetry_logrotate
+
       - name: First-time Server Setup
         if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.setup
         env:
@@ -61,40 +98,6 @@ jobs:
             touch ~/seaweedfs-telemetry/logs/telemetry.log ~/seaweedfs-telemetry/logs/telemetry.error.log && \
             chmod 644 ~/seaweedfs-telemetry/logs/*.log"
 
-          # Create systemd service file
-          echo "
-          [Unit]
-          Description=SeaweedFS Telemetry Server
-          After=network.target
-
-          [Service]
-          Type=simple
-          User=$REMOTE_USER
-          WorkingDirectory=/home/$REMOTE_USER/seaweedfs-telemetry
-          ExecStart=/home/$REMOTE_USER/seaweedfs-telemetry/bin/telemetry-server -port=8353
-          Restart=always
-          RestartSec=5
-          StandardOutput=append:/home/$REMOTE_USER/seaweedfs-telemetry/logs/telemetry.log
-          StandardError=append:/home/$REMOTE_USER/seaweedfs-telemetry/logs/telemetry.error.log
-
-          [Install]
-          WantedBy=multi-user.target" > telemetry.service
-
-          # Setup logrotate configuration
-          echo "# SeaweedFS Telemetry service log rotation
-          /home/$REMOTE_USER/seaweedfs-telemetry/logs/*.log {
-              daily
-              rotate 30
-              compress
-              delaycompress
-              missingok
-              notifempty
-              create 644 $REMOTE_USER $REMOTE_USER
-              postrotate
-                  systemctl restart telemetry.service
-              endscript
-          }" > telemetry_logrotate
-
           # Copy configuration files
           scp -i ~/.ssh/deploy_key telemetry/grafana-dashboard.json $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST:~/seaweedfs-telemetry/
           scp -i ~/.ssh/deploy_key telemetry/prometheus.yml $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST:~/seaweedfs-telemetry/
@@ -137,11 +140,18 @@ jobs:
           scp -i ~/.ssh/deploy_key telemetry/grafana-dashboard.json $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST:~/seaweedfs-telemetry/
           scp -i ~/.ssh/deploy_key telemetry/prometheus.yml $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST:~/seaweedfs-telemetry/
 
+          # Copy updated service and logrotate files
+          scp -i ~/.ssh/deploy_key telemetry.service telemetry_logrotate $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST:~/seaweedfs-telemetry/
+
           # Check if service exists and deploy accordingly
           ssh -i ~/.ssh/deploy_key $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST "
             if systemctl list-unit-files telemetry.service >/dev/null 2>&1; then
               echo 'Service exists, performing update...'
+              set -e
               sudo systemctl stop telemetry.service
+              sudo mv ~/seaweedfs-telemetry/telemetry.service /etc/systemd/system/
+              sudo mv ~/seaweedfs-telemetry/telemetry_logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/seaweedfs-telemetry
+              sudo systemctl daemon-reload
               mkdir -p ~/seaweedfs-telemetry/bin
               mv ~/seaweedfs-telemetry/tmp/telemetry-server ~/seaweedfs-telemetry/bin/
               chmod +x ~/seaweedfs-telemetry/bin/telemetry-server

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -148,3 +148,21 @@ jobs:
     # -short skips the e2e suites already covered on amd64.
     - name: Test linux/386
       run: cd weed; GOOS=linux GOARCH=386 go test -short ./...
+
+  build-azurekms:
+    name: Build and test with azurekms tag
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
+      uses: actions/checkout@v7
+    - name: Set up Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v7
+      with:
+        go-version-file: 'go.mod'
+    # weed/kms/azure is excluded from every default build, so without this
+    # nothing compiles it and tag-gated code silently rots.
+    - name: Build and test with azurekms
+      run: |
+        cd weed
+        go build -tags azurekms ./...
+        go test -tags azurekms ./kms/...

.github/workflows/helm_ci.yml

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ name: "helm: lint and test charts"
 on:
   push:
     branches: [ master ]
-    paths: ['k8s/**', '.github/workflows/helm_ci.yml']
+    paths: ['k8s/**', '.github/workflows/helm_ci.yml', '.github/scripts/helm_jwt_keys.py']
   pull_request:
     branches: [ master ]
-    paths: ['k8s/**', '.github/workflows/helm_ci.yml']
+    paths: ['k8s/**', '.github/workflows/helm_ci.yml', '.github/scripts/helm_jwt_keys.py']
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -20,6 +20,14 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
+      - name: Set up Helm before fromToml was available
+        uses: azure/setup-helm@v5
+        with:
+          version: v3.16.3
+
+      - name: Record legacy Helm binary
+        run: echo "HELM_LEGACY=$(command -v helm)" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+
       - name: Set up Helm
         uses: azure/setup-helm@v5
         with:
@@ -44,6 +52,17 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run chart-testing (lint)
         run: ct lint --target-branch ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }} --all --validate-maintainers=false --chart-dirs k8s/charts
 
+      - name: Verify legacy Helm rendering
+        run: |
+          "$HELM_LEGACY" lint k8s/charts/seaweedfs
+          "$HELM_LEGACY" template test k8s/charts/seaweedfs > "$RUNNER_TEMP/legacy-default.yaml"
+          "$HELM_LEGACY" template test k8s/charts/seaweedfs \
+            --set global.seaweedfs.securityConfig.jwtSigning.volumeRead=true \
+            --set global.seaweedfs.securityConfig.jwtSigning.filerWrite=true \
+            --set global.seaweedfs.securityConfig.jwtSigning.filerRead=true \
+            > "$RUNNER_TEMP/legacy-jwt.yaml"
+
+
       - name: Verify template rendering
         run: |
           set -e
@@ -57,7 +76,25 @@ jobs:
           helm template test $CHART_DIR --set s3.enabled=true > /tmp/s3.yaml
           grep -q "kind: Deployment" /tmp/s3.yaml && grep -q "seaweedfs-s3" /tmp/s3.yaml
           echo "S3 deployment renders correctly"
-          
+
+          echo "=== Testing S3 rollout settings ==="
+          helm template test $CHART_DIR --show-only templates/s3/s3-deployment.yaml \
+            --set s3.enabled=true > /tmp/s3-rollout-defaults.yaml
+          grep -q "terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10$" /tmp/s3-rollout-defaults.yaml
+          test "$(grep -cE '^  strategy:|^ +lifecycle:' /tmp/s3-rollout-defaults.yaml)" -eq 0
+          helm template test $CHART_DIR --show-only templates/s3/s3-deployment.yaml \
+            --set s3.enabled=true \
+            --set s3.terminationGracePeriodSeconds=30 \
+            --set s3.updateStrategy.type=RollingUpdate \
+            --set s3.updateStrategy.rollingUpdate.maxUnavailable=0 \
+            --set-string 's3.lifecycle.preStop.exec.command={sleep,5}' \
+            > /tmp/s3-rollout.yaml
+          grep -q "terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30$" /tmp/s3-rollout.yaml
+          grep -A 4 "^  strategy:" /tmp/s3-rollout.yaml | grep -q "maxUnavailable: 0"
+          grep -A 4 "^  strategy:" /tmp/s3-rollout.yaml | grep -q "type: RollingUpdate"
+          grep -A 5 "^          lifecycle:" /tmp/s3-rollout.yaml | grep -q -- "- sleep"
+          echo "S3 rollout settings render correctly"
+
           echo "=== Testing S3 credentials from an existing secret ==="
           credential_args=(
             --set s3.credentials.admin.existingSecret=minio-root
@@ -90,6 +127,29 @@ jobs:
             echo "S3 credentials reference the existing secret for $workload"
           done
 
+          echo "=== Testing ingress labels ==="
+          helm template test $CHART_DIR --set s3.enabled=true,s3.ingress.enabled=true \
+            --set s3.ingress.labels.external-dns=s3 > /tmp/s3-ingress-labels.yaml
+          grep -A 12 "^kind: Ingress" /tmp/s3-ingress-labels.yaml | grep -q "^    external-dns: s3"
+          echo "S3 ingress renders custom labels"
+
+          echo "=== Testing HTTPRoute ==="
+          helm template test $CHART_DIR --show-only templates/s3/s3-httproute.yaml \
+            --set s3.enabled=true,s3.httpRoute.enabled=true \
+            --set 's3.httpRoute.parentRefs[0].name=gateway' > /tmp/s3-httproute.yaml
+          grep -q "^kind: HTTPRoute" /tmp/s3-httproute.yaml
+          grep -A 4 -- '- group: ""' /tmp/s3-httproute.yaml | grep -q "name: test-seaweedfs-s3$"
+          grep -A 4 -- '- group: ""' /tmp/s3-httproute.yaml | grep -q "port: 8333$"
+          echo "S3 HTTPRoute routes to the s3 service by default"
+          helm template test $CHART_DIR --show-only templates/s3/s3-httproute.yaml \
+            --set filer.s3.enabled=true,filer.s3.port=8334,s3.httpRoute.enabled=true > /tmp/filer-s3-httproute.yaml
+          grep -A 4 -- '- group: ""' /tmp/filer-s3-httproute.yaml | grep -q "port: 8334$"
+          echo "S3 on filer HTTPRoute uses filer.s3.port"
+          helm template test $CHART_DIR --show-only templates/master/master-httproute.yaml \
+            --set allInOne.enabled=true,master.enabled=false,master.httpRoute.enabled=true > /tmp/allinone-master-httproute.yaml
+          grep -A 4 -- '- group: ""' /tmp/allinone-master-httproute.yaml | grep -q "name: test-seaweedfs-all-in-one$"
+          echo "All-in-one master HTTPRoute routes to the all-in-one service"
+
           echo "=== Testing with all-in-one mode ==="
           helm template test $CHART_DIR --set allInOne.enabled=true > /tmp/allinone.yaml
           grep -q "seaweedfs-all-in-one" /tmp/allinone.yaml
@@ -110,6 +170,35 @@ jobs:
           grep -q "security-config" /tmp/security.yaml
           echo "Security configuration renders correctly"
 
+          echo "=== Testing secure bucket-creation hook certificate mounts ==="
+          helm template test $CHART_DIR \
+            --show-only templates/shared/post-install-bucket-hook.yaml \
+            --set s3.enabled=true \
+            --set 's3.createBuckets[0].name=data' \
+            --set global.seaweedfs.enableSecurity=true \
+            > /tmp/security-bucket-hook.yaml
+          test "$(grep -cE '^[[:space:]]*- name: ca-cert$' /tmp/security-bucket-hook.yaml)" -eq 2
+          test "$(grep -cE '^[[:space:]]*- name: client-cert$' /tmp/security-bucket-hook.yaml)" -eq 2
+          grep -q 'mountPath: /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ca/' /tmp/security-bucket-hook.yaml
+          grep -q 'mountPath: /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/client/' /tmp/security-bucket-hook.yaml
+          grep -q 'secretName: test-seaweedfs-ca-cert' /tmp/security-bucket-hook.yaml
+          grep -q 'secretName: test-seaweedfs-client-cert' /tmp/security-bucket-hook.yaml
+          echo "Secure bucket-creation hook mounts its CA and client certificate"
+
+          echo ""
+          echo "=== Testing admin.allowInsecureBind satisfies the admin auth render guard ==="
+          helm template test $CHART_DIR --set admin.enabled=true --set admin.allowInsecureBind=true \
+            > /tmp/admin-allow-insecure-bind.yaml
+          grep -q -- "-allowInsecureBind" /tmp/admin-allow-insecure-bind.yaml
+          echo "admin.allowInsecureBind renders -allowInsecureBind and passes the render guard"
+
+          if helm template test $CHART_DIR --set admin.enabled=true > /tmp/admin-no-auth.yaml 2>/tmp/admin-no-auth.err; then
+            echo "FAIL: admin.enabled=true with no auth configured should fail to render"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          grep -q "admin.allowInsecureBind" /tmp/admin-no-auth.err
+          echo "admin with no auth configured still fails the render guard, and the guard mentions admin.allowInsecureBind"
+
           echo ""
           echo "=== Testing JWT expiration overrides ==="
           helm template test $CHART_DIR \
@@ -221,6 +310,9 @@ jobs:
           out = render({
               "global.seaweedfs.securityConfig.jwtSigning.filerWrite": "true",
               "admin.enabled": "true",
+              # admin.ip defaults to 0.0.0.0 (non-loopback), which weed admin 4.46
+              # refuses to bind without authentication.
+              "admin.secret.adminPassword": "ci-admin-password",
           })
           cm = configmap(out, "test-seaweedfs-security-config")
           if cm is None:
@@ -695,6 +787,168 @@ jobs:
           helm template test $CHART_DIR --set cosi.enabled=true > /tmp/cosi.yaml
           grep -q "seaweedfs-cosi" /tmp/cosi.yaml
           echo "COSI driver renders correctly"
+
+          echo ""
+          echo "=== Testing configurable pod and container security contexts ==="
+          helm template test $CHART_DIR > /tmp/security-context-defaults.yaml
+
+          security_context_args=()
+          for component in master volume filer s3 sftp admin worker allInOne cosi; do
+            security_context_args+=(
+              --set "$component.podSecurityContext.enabled=true"
+              --set "$component.podSecurityContext.seccompProfile.type=RuntimeDefault"
+              --set "$component.containerSecurityContext.enabled=true"
+              --set "$component.containerSecurityContext.privileged=false"
+              --set "$component.containerSecurityContext.allowPrivilegeEscalation=false"
+              --set "$component.containerSecurityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem=true"
+              --set "$component.containerSecurityContext.capabilities.drop[0]=ALL"
+              --set "$component.containerSecurityContext.seccompProfile.type=RuntimeDefault"
+            )
+          done
+
+          helm template test $CHART_DIR \
+            "${security_context_args[@]}" \
+            --set s3.enabled=true \
+            --set s3.createBuckets[0].name=test \
+            --set sftp.enabled=true \
+            --set admin.enabled=true \
+            --set admin.secret.adminPassword=ci-admin-password \
+            --set worker.enabled=true \
+            --set volume.idx.type=hostPath \
+            --set volume.idx.hostPathPrefix=/tmp \
+            --set cosi.enabled=true \
+            --set global.seaweedfs.tmpDir.sizeLimit=64Mi > /tmp/security-contexts.yaml
+          helm template test $CHART_DIR \
+            "${security_context_args[@]}" \
+            --set allInOne.enabled=true \
+            --set master.enabled=false \
+            --set volume.enabled=false \
+            --set filer.enabled=false \
+            --set global.seaweedfs.tmpDir.sizeLimit=64Mi > /tmp/security-contexts-aio.yaml
+          python3 - /tmp/security-context-defaults.yaml /tmp/security-contexts.yaml /tmp/security-contexts-aio.yaml <<'PYEOF'
+          import sys
+
+          import yaml
+
+          errors = []
+          workloads = 0
+          containers = 0
+          chart_managed_init_containers = 0
+          components = set()
+
+          def validate_container(workload_name, container):
+              context = container.get("securityContext", {})
+              prefix = f"{workload_name}/{container['name']}"
+              if "enabled" in context:
+                  errors.append(f"{prefix}: internal enabled flag leaked into container securityContext")
+              if context.get("privileged") is not False:
+                  errors.append(f"{prefix}: privileged is not false")
+              if context.get("allowPrivilegeEscalation") is not False:
+                  errors.append(f"{prefix}: allowPrivilegeEscalation is not false")
+              if context.get("readOnlyRootFilesystem") is not True:
+                  errors.append(f"{prefix}: readOnlyRootFilesystem is not true")
+              if context.get("capabilities", {}).get("drop") != ["ALL"]:
+                  errors.append(f"{prefix}: capabilities.drop is not exactly [ALL]")
+              if context.get("seccompProfile", {}).get("type") != "RuntimeDefault":
+                  errors.append(f"{prefix}: seccompProfile is not RuntimeDefault")
+              mounts = {mount["name"]: mount for mount in container.get("volumeMounts", [])}
+              if mounts.get("seaweedfs-tmp", {}).get("mountPath") != "/tmp":
+                  errors.append(f"{prefix}: writable temporary volume is not mounted at /tmp")
+
+          with open(sys.argv[1]) as stream:
+              default_documents = [document for document in yaml.safe_load_all(stream) if document]
+          for document in default_documents:
+              if document.get("kind") not in ("Deployment", "StatefulSet", "Job"):
+                  continue
+              name = document["metadata"]["name"]
+              pod = document["spec"]["template"]["spec"]
+              if "securityContext" in pod:
+                  errors.append(f"{name}: pod securityContext should be absent by default")
+              if any(volume["name"] == "seaweedfs-tmp" for volume in pod.get("volumes", [])):
+                  errors.append(f"{name}: writable /tmp volume should be absent by default")
+              for container in pod.get("containers", []):
+                  if "securityContext" in container:
+                      errors.append(
+                          f"{name}/{container['name']}: container securityContext "
+                          f"should be absent by default"
+                      )
+                  if any(
+                      mount["name"] == "seaweedfs-tmp"
+                      for mount in container.get("volumeMounts", [])
+                  ):
+                      errors.append(
+                          f"{name}/{container['name']}: writable /tmp mount "
+                          f"should be absent by default"
+                      )
+
+          for path in sys.argv[2:]:
+              with open(path) as stream:
+                  documents = [document for document in yaml.safe_load_all(stream) if document]
+              for document in documents:
+                  if document.get("kind") not in ("Deployment", "StatefulSet", "Job"):
+                      continue
+                  workloads += 1
+                  name = document["metadata"]["name"]
+                  pod = document["spec"]["template"]["spec"]
+                  volumes = {volume["name"]: volume for volume in pod.get("volumes", [])}
+                  temporary = volumes.get("seaweedfs-tmp", {}).get("emptyDir")
+                  if temporary is None:
+                      errors.append(f"{name}: writable /tmp emptyDir is missing")
+                  elif temporary.get("sizeLimit") != "64Mi":
+                      errors.append(f"{name}: temporary volume sizeLimit is not 64Mi")
+                  component = document["spec"]["template"]["metadata"]["labels"].get("app.kubernetes.io/component")
+                  if component:
+                      components.add(component)
+                  else:
+                      errors.append(f"{name}: app.kubernetes.io/component label is missing")
+                  pod_context = pod.get("securityContext", {})
+                  if "enabled" in pod_context:
+                      errors.append(f"{name}: internal enabled flag leaked into pod securityContext")
+                  if pod_context.get("seccompProfile", {}).get("type") != "RuntimeDefault":
+                      errors.append(f"{name}: pod seccompProfile is not RuntimeDefault")
+                  for container in pod.get("containers", []):
+                      containers += 1
+                      validate_container(name, container)
+                  for container in pod.get("initContainers", []):
+                      if container["name"] != "seaweedfs-vol-move-idx":
+                          continue
+                      chart_managed_init_containers += 1
+                      validate_container(name, container)
+
+          expected_components = {
+              "master", "volume", "filer", "s3", "sftp", "admin", "worker",
+              "objectstorage-provisioner", "bucket-hook", "seaweedfs-all-in-one",
+          }
+          if components != expected_components:
+              errors.append(
+                  f"security context workload coverage is incomplete: "
+                  f"expected {sorted(expected_components)}, got {sorted(components)}"
+              )
+          if workloads != 10 or containers != 12:
+              errors.append(
+                  f"expected 10 workloads and 12 containers, got "
+                  f"{workloads} workloads and {containers} containers"
+              )
+          if chart_managed_init_containers != 1:
+              errors.append(
+                  f"expected one chart-managed seaweedfs-vol-move-idx init container, "
+                  f"got {chart_managed_init_containers}"
+              )
+
+          if errors:
+              print("\n".join(f"FAIL: {error}" for error in errors), file=sys.stderr)
+              sys.exit(1)
+          print(f"Validated security contexts on {workloads} workloads and {containers} containers")
+          PYEOF
+
+          # The resize hook depends on lookup finding a live StatefulSet and
+          # therefore cannot render during helm template. Keep static coverage
+          # for both security-context blocks.
+          grep -Fqx '      securityContext: {{- omit .Values.volume.podSecurityContext "enabled" | toYaml | nindent 8 }}' \
+            "$CHART_DIR/templates/volume/volume-resize-hook.yaml"
+          grep -Fqx '          securityContext: {{- omit .Values.volume.containerSecurityContext "enabled" | toYaml | nindent 12 }}' \
+            "$CHART_DIR/templates/volume/volume-resize-hook.yaml"
+          echo "Volume resize hook security contexts are covered"
           
           echo ""
           echo "=== Testing long release name: service names match DNS references ==="
@@ -1135,6 +1389,9 @@ jobs:
               "s3.enabled": "true",
               "sftp.enabled": "true",
               "admin.enabled": "true",
+              # admin.ip defaults to 0.0.0.0 (non-loopback), which weed admin 4.46
+              # refuses to bind without authentication.
+              "admin.secret.adminPassword": "ci-admin-password",
               "worker.enabled": "true",
               "cosi.enabled": "true",
               "s3.createBuckets[0].name": "b",
@@ -1331,7 +1588,7 @@ jobs:
           # Which means egress on its own must render for a release that runs
           # neither COSI nor a resize: no component of it reaches the API server,
           # so nothing may demand a CIDR for one.
-          for label, values in {"defaults": {}, "admin": {"admin.enabled": "true"}}.items():
+          for label, values in {"defaults": {}, "admin": {"admin.enabled": "true", "admin.secret.adminPassword": "ci-admin-password"}}.items():
               try:
                   render(dict(values, **{"networkPolicy.enabled": "true",
                                          "networkPolicy.egress.enabled": "true"}))
@@ -1392,6 +1649,9 @@ jobs:
 
           ALL_ON = {
               "admin.enabled": "true",
+              # admin.ip defaults to 0.0.0.0 (non-loopback), which weed admin 4.46
+              # refuses to bind without authentication.
+              "admin.secret.adminPassword": "ci-admin-password",
               "s3.enabled": "true",
               "sftp.enabled": "true",
               "worker.enabled": "true",
@@ -1574,7 +1834,79 @@ jobs:
           echo "IMAGE_TAG=$TAG" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Create kind cluster
-        uses: helm/kind-action@v1.14.0
+        uses: helm/kind-action@v1.15.0
+
+      - name: Verify volume resize hook security contexts
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          CHART_DIR="k8s/charts/seaweedfs"
+          NS="resize-hook-security"
+          kubectl create namespace "$NS"
+          kubectl apply -n "$NS" -f - <<'EOF'
+          apiVersion: v1
+          kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
+          metadata:
+            name: data1-resize-seaweedfs-volume-0
+          spec:
+            accessModes:
+              - ReadWriteOnce
+            resources:
+              requests:
+                storage: 1Gi
+          EOF
+
+          helm template resize "$CHART_DIR" -n "$NS" --dry-run=server \
+            --set volume.dataDirs[0].name=data1 \
+            --set volume.dataDirs[0].type=persistentVolumeClaim \
+            --set volume.dataDirs[0].size=2Gi \
+            --set volume.podSecurityContext.enabled=true \
+            --set volume.podSecurityContext.seccompProfile.type=RuntimeDefault \
+            --set volume.containerSecurityContext.enabled=true \
+            --set volume.containerSecurityContext.privileged=false \
+            --set volume.containerSecurityContext.allowPrivilegeEscalation=false \
+            --set volume.containerSecurityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem=true \
+            --set volume.containerSecurityContext.capabilities.drop[0]=ALL \
+            --set volume.containerSecurityContext.seccompProfile.type=RuntimeDefault \
+            --set global.seaweedfs.tmpDir.sizeLimit=64Mi \
+            > /tmp/security-context-resize-hook.yaml
+
+          python3 - /tmp/security-context-resize-hook.yaml <<'PYEOF'
+          import sys
+
+          import yaml
+
+          with open(sys.argv[1]) as stream:
+              documents = [document for document in yaml.safe_load_all(stream) if document]
+
+          jobs = [
+              document for document in documents
+              if document.get("kind") == "Job"
+              and document["metadata"]["name"].endswith("-volume-resize-hook")
+          ]
+          if len(jobs) != 1:
+              raise AssertionError(f"expected one volume resize hook Job, got {len(jobs)}")
+
+          pod = jobs[0]["spec"]["template"]["spec"]
+          assert pod["securityContext"] == {
+              "seccompProfile": {"type": "RuntimeDefault"},
+          }
+          assert len(pod["containers"]) == 1
+          assert pod["containers"][0]["securityContext"] == {
+              "allowPrivilegeEscalation": False,
+              "capabilities": {"drop": ["ALL"]},
+              "privileged": False,
+              "readOnlyRootFilesystem": True,
+              "seccompProfile": {"type": "RuntimeDefault"},
+          }
+          assert pod["containers"][0]["volumeMounts"] == [
+              {"mountPath": "/tmp", "name": "seaweedfs-tmp"},
+          ]
+          assert pod["volumes"] == [
+              {"emptyDir": {"sizeLimit": "64Mi"}, "name": "seaweedfs-tmp"},
+          ]
+          PYEOF
+          kubectl delete namespace "$NS"
+          echo "Volume resize hook security contexts render correctly"
 
       - name: Run chart-testing (install)
         run: |
@@ -1626,6 +1958,16 @@ jobs:
           kubectl delete namespace "$NS"
           echo "SFTP host key lifecycle tests passed"
 
+      - name: Verify JWT signing key persistence across upgrades
+        run: |
+          # chart-testing puts its pip-less venv first on PATH; use setup-python.
+          PYTHON="$pythonLocation/bin/python3"
+          "$PYTHON" -m pip install tomli==2.2.1
+          CONTEXT=$(kubectl config current-context)
+          "$PYTHON" .github/scripts/helm_jwt_keys.py --context "$CONTEXT"
+          "$PYTHON" .github/scripts/helm_jwt_keys.py --helm "$HELM_LEGACY" \
+            --reference-helm helm --context "$CONTEXT"
+
       - name: Verify install into a default-deny namespace
         run: |
           set -e

.github/workflows/mount-windows.yml

@@ -185,8 +185,19 @@ jobs:
         if (Test-Path S:\walk) { throw "directory survived recursive delete" }
         Write-Host "::endgroup::"
 
+        # Tear down everything we started so the runner's later steps (Logs,
+        # post-checkout) launch into a clean environment. A WinFsp mount left
+        # active and a weed.exe holding winfsp-x64.dll have been seen to make
+        # the next step's pwsh.exe fail with STATUS_DLL_INIT_FAILED
+        # (0xC0000142), which fails a job whose actual test step passed.
+        try { Stop-Mount } catch { Write-Host "no mount to stop at teardown: $_" }
+        Get-CimInstance Win32_Process -Filter "Name = 'weed.exe'" |
+          ForEach-Object { Stop-Process -Id $_.ProcessId -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue }
+        Start-Sleep -Seconds 3
+
     - name: Logs
       if: always()
+      continue-on-error: true
       shell: pwsh
       run: |
         foreach ($f in 'C:\seaweed-mount.log','C:\seaweed-mount.err.log','C:\seaweed-remount.log','C:\seaweed-remount.err.log','C:\seaweed-remount2.log','C:\seaweed-remount2.err.log','C:\seaweed-dirmount.log','C:\seaweed-dirmount.err.log','C:\seaweed-mini.log','C:\seaweed-mini.err.log') {

.github/workflows/performance.yml

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ on:
       - 'go.mod'
       - 'go.sum'
       - 'seaweed-volume/**'
+      - 'seaweed-common/**'
       - 'test/perf/**'
       - '.github/workflows/performance.yml'
   workflow_dispatch:

.github/workflows/release_version_bump.yml

@@ -178,6 +178,8 @@ jobs:
     needs: release
     if: ${{ inputs.downstream && !inputs.dry_run }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # The wait below puts no bound of its own on runner-queue time; this does.
+    timeout-minutes: 120
     permissions: {}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
@@ -204,8 +206,9 @@ jobs:
 
           # The dispatched workflow pins seaweedfs with `go get -u ...@latest`, so
           # wait until the proxy serves the release commit as the tip. Asking for
-          # the commit by name is what makes the proxy fetch it.
-          for _ in $(seq 30); do
+          # the commit by name is what makes the proxy fetch it. The proxy can
+          # take longer than five minutes to refresh @latest after a new tag.
+          for _ in $(seq 120); do
             curl -sf "https://proxy.golang.org/${MODULE}/@v/${SHA}.info" >/dev/null || true
             TIP=$(curl -sf "https://proxy.golang.org/${MODULE}/@latest" | jq -r '.Origin.Hash // ""' || true)
             [ "$TIP" = "$SHA" ] && break
@@ -216,21 +219,60 @@ jobs:
             exit 1
           fi
 
-          # Wait on the release the dispatched workflow publishes, not on the run
-          # that publishes it: a dispatch cannot be told apart from a concurrent
-          # one through the API, and the release is what we are here for.
+          # The dispatched workflow publishes the release as its last step, so
+          # its conclusion decides success. Wait on the run, not on a wall
+          # clock: time it spends queued for a runner must not count against
+          # the budget. A dispatch does not return its run id, so take the
+          # newest workflow_dispatch run created since ours; a concurrent
+          # dispatch would be performing this same release, and waiting on it
+          # is just as good.
           released() { gh api "repos/${REPO}/releases?per_page=30" --jq '[.[].tag_name]'; }
 
           BEFORE=$(released)
+          # A minute early, so runner clock skew cannot hide the run.
+          DISPATCHED_AT=$(date -u -d '1 minute ago' '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')
           gh workflow run -R "$REPO" "$WORKFLOW" --ref master -f bump=patch -f update_seaweedfs=true
 
-          for _ in $(seq 80); do
-            sleep 15
-            NEW=$(released | jq -c --argjson before "$BEFORE" '. - $before')
-            [ "$(jq length <<<"$NEW")" -gt 0 ] && break
+          RUN_ID=""
+          for _ in $(seq 12); do
+            sleep 10
+            RUN_ID=$(gh api -X GET "repos/${REPO}/actions/workflows/${WORKFLOW}/runs" \
+              -f event=workflow_dispatch -f "created=>=${DISPATCHED_AT}" \
+              --jq '(.workflow_runs | sort_by(.created_at) | last | .id) // empty' || true)
+            [ -n "$RUN_ID" ] && break
           done
+          if [ -z "$RUN_ID" ]; then
+            echo "::error::the dispatch created no ${WORKFLOW} run in ${REPO}; see https://github.com/${REPO}/actions/workflows/${WORKFLOW}"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          RUN_URL="https://github.com/${REPO}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}"
+          echo "waiting on ${RUN_URL}"
+
+          # 20 minutes of execution; polls that find the run still queued do
+          # not consume it.
+          RUNNING=0
+          STATE=""
+          while :; do
+            sleep 15
+            STATE=$(gh api "repos/${REPO}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}" \
+              --jq '.status + "/" + (.conclusion // "")' || true)
+            case "$STATE" in
+              completed/*) break ;;
+              in_progress/*) RUNNING=$((RUNNING + 1)) ;;
+            esac
+            if [ "$RUNNING" -gt 80 ]; then
+              echo "::error::${RUN_URL} has been executing for over 20 minutes; giving up on it"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          done
+          if [ "$STATE" != "completed/success" ]; then
+            echo "::error::${RUN_URL} concluded '${STATE#completed/}'"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          NEW=$(released | jq -c --argjson before "$BEFORE" '. - $before')
           if [ "$(jq length <<<"$NEW")" -eq 0 ]; then
-            echo "::error::${REPO} published no release within 20 minutes; see https://github.com/${REPO}/actions/workflows/${WORKFLOW}"
+            echo "::error::${RUN_URL} succeeded but ${REPO} shows no new release"
             exit 1
           fi
           echo "${REPO} released $(jq -r 'join(", ")' <<<"$NEW")"

.github/workflows/rust-volume-server-tests.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ on:
     branches: [ master ]
     paths:
       - 'seaweed-volume/**'
+      - 'seaweed-common/**'
       - 'test/volume_server/**'
       - 'weed/pb/volume_server.proto'
       - 'weed/pb/volume_server_pb/**'
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ on:
     branches: [ master, main ]
     paths:
       - 'seaweed-volume/**'
+      - 'seaweed-common/**'
       - 'test/volume_server/**'
       - 'weed/pb/volume_server.proto'
       - 'weed/pb/volume_server_pb/**'
@@ -27,6 +29,29 @@ permissions:
 
 
 jobs:
+  changes:
+    name: Detect changed paths
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 5
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    outputs:
+      rust: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.rust }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Filter changed paths
+        id: filter
+        uses: dorny/paths-filter@v4
+        with:
+          filters: |
+            rust:
+              - 'seaweed-volume/**'
+              - '.github/workflows/rust-volume-server-tests.yml'
+
   rust-unit-tests:
     name: Rust Unit Tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -52,16 +77,79 @@ jobs:
             ~/.cargo/registry
             ~/.cargo/git
             seaweed-volume/target
-          key: rust-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-${{ hashFiles('seaweed-volume/Cargo.lock') }}
+          key: rust-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-${{ hashFiles('seaweed-volume/Cargo.lock', 'seaweed-common/Cargo.lock') }}
           restore-keys: |
             rust-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-
 
       - name: Build Rust volume server
         run: cd seaweed-volume && cargo build --release
 
+      # The crate is warning-free under clippy as of the sweep that added
+      # this step. Uncomment to make that a gate; `[lints.clippy]` in
+      # seaweed-volume/Cargo.toml is where crate-wide exceptions live.
+      # - name: Clippy
+      #   run: cd seaweed-volume && cargo clippy --all-targets -- -D warnings
+
+      # The crate is rustfmt-clean as of the PR that added this step.
+      # Uncomment to keep it that way.
+      # - name: Check formatting
+      #   run: cd seaweed-volume && cargo fmt --check
+
+      # seaweed-common is a path dependency of this crate, not a member of its
+      # workspace, so the run below does not reach its own tests. It builds into
+      # this job's cached target directory, and the cache key above covers the
+      # shared crate's lock, so the aws-lc-sys that rustls pulls in is restored
+      # with the cache instead of compiled from scratch on every run.
+      - name: Run shared-crate unit tests
+        env:
+          CARGO_TARGET_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/seaweed-volume/target
+        run: cd seaweed-common && cargo test
+
       - name: Run Rust unit tests
         run: cd seaweed-volume && cargo test
 
+      - name: Run Rust unit tests (redb experimental cursor)
+        run: cd seaweed-volume && cargo test --features redb-experimental-cursor --lib storage::needle_map
+
+  rust-unit-tests-windows:
+    name: Rust Unit Tests (Windows)
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    needs: [changes]
+    if: needs.changes.outputs.rust == 'true'
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+
+      - name: Install Rust toolchain
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+
+      # No glibc on Windows: key the cache on the toolchain and OS only.
+      - name: Fingerprint build toolchain
+        id: toolchain
+        run: echo "fingerprint=windows-rustc-$(rustc -V | awk '{print $2}')" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Cache cargo registry and target
+        uses: actions/cache@v6
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/.cargo/registry
+            ~/.cargo/git
+            seaweed-volume/target
+          key: rust-windows-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-${{ hashFiles('seaweed-volume/Cargo.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            rust-windows-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-
+
+      - name: Run Rust unit tests
+        run: cd seaweed-volume && cargo test
+
+      - name: Run Rust unit tests (redb experimental cursor)
+        run: cd seaweed-volume && cargo test --features redb-experimental-cursor --lib storage::needle_map
+
   rust-integration-tests:
     name: Rust Integration Tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -92,7 +180,7 @@ jobs:
             ~/.cargo/registry
             ~/.cargo/git
             seaweed-volume/target
-          key: rust-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-${{ hashFiles('seaweed-volume/Cargo.lock') }}
+          key: rust-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-${{ hashFiles('seaweed-volume/Cargo.lock', 'seaweed-common/Cargo.lock') }}
           restore-keys: |
             rust-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-
 
@@ -174,7 +262,7 @@ jobs:
             ~/.cargo/registry
             ~/.cargo/git
             seaweed-volume/target
-          key: rust-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-${{ hashFiles('seaweed-volume/Cargo.lock') }}
+          key: rust-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-${{ hashFiles('seaweed-volume/Cargo.lock', 'seaweed-common/Cargo.lock') }}
           restore-keys: |
             rust-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-
 

.github/workflows/rust-worker-tests.yml

@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ on:
     branches: [ master ]
     paths:
       - 'seaweed-worker/**'
+      - 'seaweed-common/**'
       - 'weed/pb/plugin.proto'
       - '.github/workflows/rust-worker-tests.yml'
   push:
     branches: [ master, main ]
     paths:
       - 'seaweed-worker/**'
+      - 'seaweed-common/**'
       - 'weed/pb/plugin.proto'
       - '.github/workflows/rust-worker-tests.yml'
 
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
             ~/.cargo/registry
             ~/.cargo/git
             seaweed-worker/target/release
-          key: rust-worker-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-${{ hashFiles('seaweed-worker/Cargo.lock') }}
+          key: rust-worker-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-${{ hashFiles('seaweed-worker/Cargo.lock', 'seaweed-common/Cargo.lock') }}
           restore-keys: |
             rust-worker-${{ steps.toolchain.outputs.fingerprint }}-
 
@@ -73,6 +75,28 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build the plugin workers
         run: cd seaweed-worker && cargo build --release
 
+      # The workspace is warning-free under clippy as of the sweep that added
+      # this step. Uncomment to make that a gate; `[workspace.lints.clippy]`
+      # in seaweed-worker/Cargo.toml is where crate-wide exceptions live.
+      # - name: Clippy
+      #   run: cd seaweed-worker && cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings
+
+      # The workspace is rustfmt-clean as of the PR that added this step.
+      # Uncomment to keep it that way.
+      # - name: Check formatting
+      #   run: cd seaweed-worker && cargo fmt --all --check
+
+      # seaweed-common is a path dependency of core and lance, not a member of
+      # this workspace, so `--workspace` below does not reach its own tests.
+      # Release and this job's cached target directory, and the cache key above
+      # covers the shared crate's lock. That lock pins the same rustls and
+      # aws-lc-sys this workspace resolves, so the release build above has
+      # already paid for them.
+      - name: Run shared-crate unit tests
+        env:
+          CARGO_TARGET_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/seaweed-worker/target
+        run: cd seaweed-common && cargo test --release
+
       # The tests that need a live gateway skip themselves without one, the way
       # the Go integration tests skip without Docker; the lifecycle suite in
       # test/s3tables/lifecycle is what runs them against a real cluster.

.github/workflows/rust_binaries_dev.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ on:
     branches: [ master ]
     paths:
       - 'seaweed-volume/**'
+      - 'seaweed-common/**'
       - '.github/workflows/rust_binaries_dev.yml'
 
 permissions:

.github/workflows/s3-parquet-tests.yml

@@ -139,7 +139,8 @@ jobs:
   unit-tests:
     name: Go Unit Tests (Implicit Directory)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    # Leave time for setup and the focused run before the nine-minute suite.
+    timeout-minutes: 20
     
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
@@ -159,5 +160,5 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run all S3 API tests
         run: |
           cd weed/s3api
-          go test -v -timeout 5m
+          go test -v -timeout 9m
 

.github/workflows/s3-snowflake-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+name: "Snowflake S3Compat API tests"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+    paths:
+      - 'weed/s3api/**'
+      - 'weed/filer/**'
+      - 'weed/server/**'
+      - 'weed/iam/**'
+      - 'weed/command/**'
+      - 'weed/storage/**'
+      - 'weed/operation/**'
+      - 'weed/wdclient/**'
+      - 'weed/cluster/**'
+      - 'weed/pb/**'
+      - 'test/s3/snowflake/**'
+      - 'go.mod'
+      - 'go.sum'
+      - '.github/workflows/s3-snowflake-tests.yml'
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ master ]
+    paths:
+      - 'weed/s3api/**'
+      - 'weed/filer/**'
+      - 'weed/server/**'
+      - 'weed/iam/**'
+      - 'weed/command/**'
+      - 'weed/storage/**'
+      - 'weed/operation/**'
+      - 'weed/wdclient/**'
+      - 'weed/cluster/**'
+      - 'weed/pb/**'
+      - 'test/s3/snowflake/**'
+      - 'go.mod'
+      - 'go.sum'
+      - '.github/workflows/s3-snowflake-tests.yml'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}/s3-snowflake-tests
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  snowflake-s3compat-tests:
+    name: Snowflake S3Compat API tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    env:
+      WORK_DIR: /tmp/seaweedfs-snowflake-tests
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v7
+        with:
+          go-version-file: 'go.mod'
+        id: go
+
+      - name: Set up Java
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v6
+        with:
+          java-version: '17'
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          cache: 'maven'
+
+      - name: Install SeaweedFS
+        run: |
+          cd weed
+          go install -buildvcs=false
+          weed version
+
+      - name: Run Snowflake S3Compat API tests
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          # Starts weed server, creates the buckets/objects the suite needs,
+          # clones the upstream suite, and runs mvn -Dtest=S3CompatApiTest.
+          bash test/s3/snowflake/run.sh
+
+      - name: Show logs on failure
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          echo "=== SeaweedFS Server Log ==="
+          tail -200 "$WORK_DIR/weed.log" || echo "No server log"
+          echo ""
+          echo "=== Surefire results ==="
+          cat "$WORK_DIR"/snowflake-s3compat-api-test-suite/s3compatapi/target/surefire-reports/*.txt 2>/dev/null || echo "No surefire reports"
+
+      - name: Upload test results
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: snowflake-s3compat-surefire-reports
+          path: /tmp/seaweedfs-snowflake-tests/snowflake-s3compat-api-test-suite/s3compatapi/target/surefire-reports/
+          retention-days: 14
+
+      - name: Cleanup
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          pkill -9 -f "weed server" || true
+          rm -rf "$WORK_DIR" || true

.github/workflows/s3-tables-tests.yml

@@ -439,6 +439,117 @@ jobs:
           path: test/s3tables/catalog_clickhouse/test-output.log
           retention-days: 3
 
+  olake-iceberg-catalog-tests:
+    name: OLake Iceberg Catalog Integration Tests (${{ matrix.tag }})
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Pinned baseline, and latest so new OLake releases are exercised
+          # without a code change. OLake's Iceberg writer is a Java sidecar
+          # whose Iceberg version moves independently of the Go release, so
+          # the latest leg is the one that catches library drift.
+          - olake-image: olakego/source-postgres:v0.10.1
+            tag: "v0.10.1"
+          - olake-image: olakego/source-postgres:latest
+            tag: latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v7
+        with:
+          go-version-file: 'go.mod'
+        id: go
+
+      - name: Configure Docker Hub mirror
+        run: |
+          echo '{"registry-mirrors": ["https://mirror.gcr.io"]}' | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
+          sudo systemctl restart docker
+
+      - name: Pre-pull images
+        run: |
+          pull() { for i in 1 2 3; do docker pull "$1" && return 0; sleep 15; done; return 1; }
+          pull ${{ matrix.olake-image }}
+          pull postgres:16
+          pull python:3.11-slim
+
+      - name: Run go mod tidy
+        run: go mod tidy
+
+      - name: Install SeaweedFS
+        run: |
+          go install -buildvcs=false ./weed
+
+      - name: Run OLake Iceberg Catalog Integration Tests
+        timeout-minutes: 25
+        working-directory: test/s3tables/catalog_olake
+        env:
+          OLAKE_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.olake-image }}
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          set -o pipefail
+          echo "=== System Information ==="
+          uname -a
+          free -h
+          df -h
+          docker info
+          echo "=== Starting OLake Iceberg Catalog Tests ==="
+
+          go test -v -timeout 20m . 2>&1 | tee test-output.log || {
+            echo "OLake Iceberg catalog integration tests failed"
+            exit 1
+          }
+
+      # The suite skips itself when Docker is unavailable, so a green job is not
+      # by itself evidence that anything ran. Assert execution explicitly.
+      - name: Assert the suite actually ran
+        working-directory: test/s3tables/catalog_olake
+        run: |
+          log=test-output.log
+          if [ ! -f "$log" ]; then
+            echo "::error::no test-output.log; the suite did not run"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          passes=$(grep -c '^--- PASS' "$log" || true)
+          skips=$(grep -c '^--- SKIP' "$log" || true)
+          echo "top-level PASS=$passes SKIP=$skips"
+          if [ "$skips" -gt 0 ]; then
+            echo "::error::the OLake suite skipped $skips top-level test(s); the environment it needs was not provisioned, so this job proves nothing"
+            grep '^--- SKIP' "$log" | head -20
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          if [ "$passes" -lt 1 ]; then
+            echo "::error::the OLake suite recorded no passing top-level test"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+      - name: Show test output on failure
+        if: failure()
+        working-directory: test/s3tables/catalog_olake
+        run: |
+          echo "=== Test Output ==="
+          if [ -f test-output.log ]; then
+            tail -200 test-output.log
+          fi
+
+          echo "=== Process information ==="
+          ps aux | grep -E "(weed|test|docker|olake|postgres)" || true
+          echo "=== Containers ==="
+          docker ps -a | head -30 || true
+
+      - name: Upload test logs on failure
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: olake-iceberg-catalog-test-logs-${{ matrix.tag }}
+          path: test/s3tables/catalog_olake/test-output.log
+          retention-days: 3
+
   polaris-integration-tests:
     name: Polaris Integration Tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04

.github/workflows/s3tests.yml

@@ -128,6 +128,9 @@ jobs:
           echo "All SeaweedFS components are ready!"
           cd ../s3-tests
           sed -i "s/assert prefixes == \['foo%2B1\/', 'foo\/', 'quux%20ab\/'\]/assert prefixes == \['foo\/', 'foo%2B1\/', 'quux%20ab\/'\]/" s3tests/functional/test_s3.py
+          # The suite expects RGW's 400 InvalidPart for a partNumber past the last
+          # part; AWS answers 416 InvalidPartNumber, which is what we return.
+          sed -i "/# request PartNumber out of range/,+4{s/assert status == 400/assert status == 416/; s/assert error_code == 'InvalidPart'/assert error_code == 'InvalidPartNumber'/}" s3tests/functional/test_s3.py
           
           # Debug: Show the config file contents
           echo "=== S3 Config File Contents ==="
@@ -286,6 +289,11 @@ jobs:
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_write_check_etag \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_write_cache_control \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_write_expires \
+          s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_put_obj_enc_conflict_c_s3 \
+          s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_put_obj_enc_conflict_c_kms \
+          s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_put_obj_enc_conflict_s3_kms \
+          s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_put_obj_enc_conflict_bad_enc_kms \
+          s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_content_encoding_aws_chunked \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_write_read_update_read_delete \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_metadata_replaced_on_put \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_write_file \
@@ -308,6 +316,7 @@ jobs:
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_get_object_ifmodifiedsince_good \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_get_object_ifmodifiedsince_failed \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_get_object_ifunmodifiedsince_failed \
+          s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_get_checksum_object_attributes \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_bucket_head \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_bucket_head_notexist \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_raw_authenticated \
@@ -968,6 +977,9 @@ jobs:
           echo "All SeaweedFS components are ready!"
           cd ../s3-tests
           sed -i "s/assert prefixes == \['foo%2B1\/', 'foo\/', 'quux%20ab\/'\]/assert prefixes == \['foo\/', 'foo%2B1\/', 'quux%20ab\/'\]/" s3tests/functional/test_s3.py
+          # The suite expects RGW's 400 InvalidPart for a partNumber past the last
+          # part; AWS answers 416 InvalidPartNumber, which is what we return.
+          sed -i "/# request PartNumber out of range/,+4{s/assert status == 400/assert status == 416/; s/assert error_code == 'InvalidPart'/assert error_code == 'InvalidPartNumber'/}" s3tests/functional/test_s3.py
           # Create and update s3tests.conf to use port 8004
           cp ../docker/compose/s3tests.conf ../docker/compose/s3tests-sql.conf
           sed -i 's/port = 8000/port = 8004/g' ../docker/compose/s3tests-sql.conf
@@ -1143,6 +1155,11 @@ jobs:
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_write_check_etag \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_write_cache_control \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_write_expires \
+          s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_put_obj_enc_conflict_c_s3 \
+          s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_put_obj_enc_conflict_c_kms \
+          s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_put_obj_enc_conflict_s3_kms \
+          s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_put_obj_enc_conflict_bad_enc_kms \
+          s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_content_encoding_aws_chunked \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_write_read_update_read_delete \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_metadata_replaced_on_put \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_write_file \
@@ -1165,6 +1182,7 @@ jobs:
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_get_object_ifmodifiedsince_good \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_get_object_ifmodifiedsince_failed \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_get_object_ifunmodifiedsince_failed \
+          s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_get_checksum_object_attributes \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_bucket_head \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_bucket_head_notexist \
           s3tests/functional/test_s3.py::test_object_raw_authenticated \

.github/workflows/star_history.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+---
+name: Star History
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 0 * * *"  # daily, 00:00 UTC
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
+concurrency:
+  # Only one chart regeneration per branch at a time; a newer run on the same
+  # branch cancels an in-flight one so overlapping runs never conflict on
+  # note/star_history.svg during rebase. Scoped by ref so a manual run on
+  # another branch can't cancel the daily master update.
+  group: star-history-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  render:
+    name: Regenerate star history chart
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          # Full history so the chart commit can rebase onto a moved master.
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v7
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.x"
+          cache: pip
+          cache-dependency-path: .github/scripts/star_history.py
+
+      - name: Install matplotlib
+        run: pip install matplotlib
+
+      - name: Render chart
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: python .github/scripts/star_history.py
+
+      - name: Commit if changed
+        run: |
+          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
+          git config user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+          if git diff --quiet -- note/star_history.svg; then
+            echo "No changes to the chart."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          git add note/star_history.svg
+          git commit -m "docs: regenerate star history chart"
+          # Rebase and retry so a concurrent push to master doesn't lose the chart.
+          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+            if [ "$attempt" -gt 1 ]; then
+              # Guard the rebase: a transient fetch error or conflict must not
+              # abort the fail-fast shell before the remaining attempts run.
+              if ! git pull --rebase origin "$GITHUB_REF_NAME"; then
+                echo "rebase failed (attempt ${attempt}); aborting and retrying"
+                git rebase --abort || true
+                continue
+              fi
+            fi
+            if git push origin HEAD:"$GITHUB_REF_NAME"; then
+              exit 0
+            fi
+            echo "push rejected (attempt ${attempt}); will rebase and retry"
+          done
+          echo "::error::could not push star history chart after retries"
+          exit 1

.gitignore

@@ -116,7 +116,6 @@ test/s3/versioning/weed-test.log
 /docker/admin_integration/data
 docker/agent_pub_record
 docker/admin_integration/weed-local
-/seaweedfs-rdma-sidecar/bin
 /test/s3/encryption/filerldb2
 /test/s3/sse/filerldb2
 test/s3/sse/weed-test.log

README.md

@@ -12,425 +12,260 @@
 
 ![SeaweedFS Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/note/seaweedfs.png)
 
-<h2 align="center"><a href="https://www.patreon.com/seaweedfs">Sponsor SeaweedFS via Patreon</a></h2>
+SeaweedFS is a simple and highly scalable distributed file system. There are two objectives:
 
-SeaweedFS is an independent Apache-licensed open source project with its ongoing development made
-possible entirely thanks to the support of these awesome [backers](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/blob/master/backers.md).
-If you'd like to grow SeaweedFS even stronger, please consider joining our
-<a href="https://www.patreon.com/seaweedfs">sponsors on Patreon</a>.
+1. to store billions of files!
+2. to serve the files fast!
 
-Your support will be really appreciated by me and other supporters!
-
-<!--
-<h4 align="center">Platinum</h4>
-
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-  <a href="" target="_blank">
-    Add your name or icon here
-  </a>
-</p>
--->
-
-### Gold Sponsors
-[![nodion](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/note/sponsor_nodion.png)](https://www.nodion.com)
-[![piknik](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/note/piknik.png)](https://www.piknik.com)
-[![keepsec](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/note/keepsec.png)](https://www.keepsec.ca)
-[![zyner](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/note/sponsor_zyner.png)](https://zyner.org)
-
----
+One `weed` binary serves an S3 object store, a POSIX file system, and a lakehouse with S3 Tables, all over the same data. Each blob is one disk read away, capacity grows by starting another volume server, and cloud storage can be cached or tiered transparently. Both read and write operations have O(1) complexity and can run at the full speed supported by the underlying hardware.
 
 - [Download Binaries for different platforms](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/releases/latest)
-- [SeaweedFS on Slack](https://join.slack.com/t/seaweedfs/shared_invite/enQtMzI4MTMwMjU2MzA3LTEyYzZmZWYzOGQ3MDJlZWMzYmI0OTE4OTJiZjJjODBmMzUxNmYwODg0YjY3MTNlMjBmZDQ1NzQ5NDJhZWI2ZmY)
-- [SeaweedFS on Twitter](https://twitter.com/SeaweedFS)
-- [SeaweedFS on Telegram](https://t.me/Seaweedfs) 
-- [SeaweedFS on Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/SeaweedFS/)
-- [SeaweedFS Mailing List](https://groups.google.com/d/forum/seaweedfs)
 - [Wiki Documentation](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki)
-- [SeaweedFS White Paper](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/SeaweedFS_Architecture.pdf)
-- [SeaweedFS Introduction Slides 2025.5](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1tdkp45J01oRV68dIm4yoTXKJDof-EhainlA0LMXexQE/edit?usp=sharing)
-- [SeaweedFS Introduction Slides 2021.5](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1DcxKWlINc-HNCjhYeERkpGXXm6nTCES8mi2W5G0Z4Ts/edit?usp=sharing)
-- [SeaweedFS Introduction Slides 2019.3](https://www.slideshare.net/chrislusf/seaweedfs-introduction)
+- [HTTP REST API](REST_API.md) for the filer, master, and volume servers
+- Community: [Slack](https://join.slack.com/t/seaweedfs/shared_invite/enQtMzI4MTMwMjU2MzA3LTEyYzZmZWYzOGQ3MDJlZWMzYmI0OTE4OTJiZjJjODBmMzUxNmYwODg0YjY3MTNlMjBmZDQ1NzQ5NDJhZWI2ZmY), [Twitter](https://twitter.com/SeaweedFS), [Telegram](https://t.me/Seaweedfs), [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/SeaweedFS/), [Mailing List](https://groups.google.com/d/forum/seaweedfs)
+- [SeaweedFS White Paper](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/SeaweedFS_Architecture.pdf) and introduction slides: [2025.5](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1tdkp45J01oRV68dIm4yoTXKJDof-EhainlA0LMXexQE/edit?usp=sharing), [2021.5](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1DcxKWlINc-HNCjhYeERkpGXXm6nTCES8mi2W5G0Z4Ts/edit?usp=sharing), [2019.3](https://www.slideshare.net/chrislusf/seaweedfs-introduction)
 
 Table of Contents
 =================
 
 * [Quick Start](#quick-start)
-    * [Quick Start with weed mini](#quick-start-with-weed-mini)
-    * [Quick Start for S3 API on Docker](#quick-start-for-s3-api-on-docker)
-* [Introduction](#introduction)
-* [Features](#features)
-    * [Additional Features](#additional-features)
-    * [Filer Features](#filer-features)
-* [Example: Using Seaweed Blob Store](#example-using-seaweed-blob-store)
-* [Architecture](#object-store-architecture)
-* [Compared to Other File Systems](#compared-to-other-file-systems)
+    * [One command](#one-command)
+    * [Docker](#docker)
+    * [Docker Compose](#docker-compose)
+    * [Kubernetes with Helm](#kubernetes-with-helm)
+    * [Build from source](#build-from-source)
+    * [Scale out](#scale-out)
+* [Why SeaweedFS](#why-seaweedfs)
+    * [Fast](#fast)
+    * [Scalable](#scalable)
+    * [The most complete S3 API](#the-most-complete-s3-api)
+    * [A data warehouse with S3 Tables](#a-data-warehouse-with-s3-tables)
+    * [A fast cache for cloud storage](#a-fast-cache-for-cloud-storage)
+    * [Active-active replication and more](#active-active-replication-and-more)
+* [Architecture](#architecture)
+* [Compared to Other Systems](#compared-to-other-systems)
     * [Compared to HDFS](#compared-to-hdfs)
     * [Compared to GlusterFS, Ceph](#compared-to-glusterfs-ceph)
-    * [Compared to GlusterFS](#compared-to-glusterfs)
+    * [Compared to MooseFS](#compared-to-moosefs)
     * [Compared to Ceph](#compared-to-ceph)
     * [Compared to MinIO, RustFS](#compared-to-minio-rustfs)
-* [Dev Plan](#dev-plan)
-* [Installation Guide](#installation-guide)
-* [Disk Related Topics](#disk-related-topics)
 * [Benchmark](#benchmark)
 * [Enterprise](#enterprise)
 * [License](#license)
+* [Sponsors](#sponsors)
 
 # Quick Start #
 
+## One command ##
 
-## Quick Start with weed mini ##
+Download the latest binary from the [releases](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/releases/latest) page and unzip the single `weed` (or `weed.exe`) file, or let the install script put it in `/usr/local/bin`:
 
-Download the latest binary from https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/releases and unzip the single `weed` (or `weed.exe`) file, or run `go install github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed@latest`. Then start a ready-to-use S3 object store with credentials and a pre-created bucket in one command:
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/install.sh | bash
+```
+
+Then start a ready-to-use S3 object store:
 
 ```bash
 AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=admin \
 AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=secret \
 S3_BUCKET=my-bucket \
-./weed mini -dir=/data
+./weed mini -dir=./data
 ```
 
-That's it — the S3 endpoint is at http://localhost:8333, `my-bucket` already exists, and `admin`/`secret` are valid credentials. `S3_BUCKET` accepts a comma-separated list (e.g. `raw,processed`); use `S3_TABLE_BUCKET` for S3 Tables buckets, each `name` or `name:FORMAT` where the format is `ICEBERG` (the default) or `LANCE`. Drop any of the env vars to skip that piece (no AWS keys → S3 runs in unauthenticated "Allow All" mode for development).
+That's it. The S3 endpoint is at http://localhost:8333, `my-bucket` exists, and `admin`/`secret` are valid credentials:
 
-The same command starts everything else too:
-- **S3 Endpoint**: http://localhost:8333
-- **Master UI**: http://localhost:9333
-- **Volume Server**: http://localhost:9340
-- **Filer UI**: http://localhost:8888
-- **WebDAV**: http://localhost:7333
-- **Admin UI**: http://localhost:23646
+```bash
+AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=admin AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=secret \
+  aws --endpoint-url http://localhost:8333 s3 cp README.md s3://my-bucket/
+```
+
+The same process also runs the master, a volume server, the filer, WebDAV, the Iceberg REST catalog, and the Admin UI. Add `S3_TABLE_BUCKET=warehouse` to also create an Iceberg table bucket, or `warehouse:LANCE` for a Lance one. Drop the AWS keys to run without authentication for development.
+
+Without Admin authentication or mTLS, `weed mini` binds the Admin UI/API and its worker gRPC control plane to loopback rather than `-ip.bind`. Set `WEED_ADMIN_PASSWORD` or configure `https.admin` mTLS to keep the network bind. Remote workers must opt in with `-admin.worker.ip=<address>` and should configure `grpc.admin` mTLS. `-admin.allowInsecureBind` restores the legacy unauthenticated network bind and should only be used on an isolated network.
 
 > macOS: if the binary is quarantined, run `xattr -d com.apple.quarantine ./weed` first.
 
-Perfect for development, testing, learning SeaweedFS, and single-node deployments. To scale out, add more volume servers by running `weed volume -dir="/some/data/dir2" -master="<master_host>:9333" -port=8081` locally, on another machine, or on thousands of machines.
+`weed mini` is auto-tuned for one node and is fine for single-node production, such as an S3 gateway that issues presigned URLs. See [Quick Start with weed mini][WeedMini].
 
-## Quick Start for S3 API on Docker ##
+## Docker ##
 
 ```bash
-docker run -p 8333:8333 \
+docker run -p 8333:8333 -v weed-data:/data \
   -e AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=admin \
   -e AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=secret \
   -e S3_BUCKET=my-bucket \
   chrislusf/seaweedfs
 ```
 
-Same behavior as the `weed mini` command above — the S3 endpoint is at http://localhost:8333 with `my-bucket` pre-created. Drop the env vars to run anonymously for development.
+Same behavior as the `weed mini` command above.
 
-# Introduction #
+## Docker Compose ##
 
-SeaweedFS is a simple and highly scalable distributed file system. There are two objectives:
+To run master, volume server, filer, S3, and WebDAV as separate services:
 
-1. to store billions of files!
-2. to serve the files fast!
+```bash
+wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/docker/seaweedfs-compose.yml
+wget -P prometheus https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/docker/prometheus/prometheus.yml
+docker compose -f seaweedfs-compose.yml -p seaweedfs up
+```
 
-SeaweedFS started as a blob store to handle small files efficiently. 
-Instead of managing all file metadata in a central master, 
-the central master only manages volumes on volume servers, 
-and these volume servers manage files and their metadata. 
-This relieves concurrency pressure from the central master and spreads file metadata into volume servers, 
-allowing faster file access (O(1), usually just one disk read operation).
+[Docker Compose for S3][DockerComposeS3] adds credentials, and the [docker/compose](docker/compose) folder has variants for replication, mounts, message queues, and more.
 
-There is only 40 bytes of disk storage overhead for each file's metadata. 
-It is so simple with O(1) disk reads that you are welcome to challenge the performance with your actual use cases.
+## Kubernetes with Helm ##
 
-SeaweedFS started by implementing [Facebook's Haystack design paper](http://www.usenix.org/event/osdi10/tech/full_papers/Beaver.pdf). 
-Also, SeaweedFS implements erasure coding with ideas from 
-[f4: Facebook’s Warm BLOB Storage System](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/osdi14/osdi14-paper-muralidhar.pdf), and has a lot of similarities with [Facebook’s Tectonic Filesystem](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/fast21-pan.pdf) and [Google's Colossus File System](https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/storage-data-transfer/a-peek-behind-colossus-googles-file-system)
+```bash
+helm repo add seaweedfs https://seaweedfs.github.io/seaweedfs/helm
+helm install seaweedfs seaweedfs/seaweedfs -n seaweedfs --create-namespace -f values.yaml
+```
 
-On top of the blob store, optional [Filer] can support directories and POSIX attributes. 
-Filer is a separate linearly-scalable stateless server with customizable metadata stores, 
-e.g., MySql, Postgres, Redis, Cassandra, HBase, Mongodb, Elastic Search, LevelDB, RocksDB, Sqlite, MemSql, TiDB, Etcd, CockroachDB, YDB, etc.
+A production-shaped `values.yaml` for a three-node cluster: two copies of every write, three masters, and an S3 endpoint with credentials and a bucket.
 
-SeaweedFS can transparently integrate with the cloud. 
-With hot data on local cluster, and warm data on the cloud with O(1) access time, 
-SeaweedFS can achieve both fast local access time and elastic cloud storage capacity.
-What's more, the cloud storage access API cost is minimized. 
-Faster and cheaper than direct cloud storage!
+```yaml
+global:
+  seaweedfs:
+    enableReplication: true
+    replicationPlacement: "001"   # one extra copy on another server; "002" for two
 
-SeaweedFS also ships a built-in **Iceberg REST Catalog**, turning the same cluster into a self-contained lakehouse.
-Spark, Trino, Dremio, DuckDB, and RisingWave can query Iceberg tables directly — no Hive Metastore, Glue, or
-external catalog service required. Storage and table metadata live in one system, simplifying on-prem and
-small-team analytics stacks.
+master:
+  replicas: 3
+  data:
+    type: persistentVolumeClaim   # the cluster's default storage class; add storageClass to pick one
+    size: 1Gi
+
+volume:
+  replicas: 3                     # at least 1 + the sum of the replication digits
+  dataDirs:
+    - name: data
+      type: persistentVolumeClaim
+      size: 500Gi
+      maxVolumes: 0               # size the volume count from the disk
+
+filer:
+  replicas: 2
+  data:
+    type: persistentVolumeClaim
+    size: 20Gi
+
+s3:
+  enabled: true
+  replicas: 2
+  enableAuth: true
+  credentials:
+    admin:
+      accessKey: admin
+      secretKey: change-me
+  createBuckets:
+    - name: app-storage
+```
+
+The S3 endpoint is the `seaweedfs-s3` service on port 8333. [Helm Chart Recipes][HelmRecipes] has values for a development cluster, a lakehouse with the Iceberg catalog exposed, filer metadata on PostgreSQL, and node-local disks. The [SeaweedFS Operator][Operator] and the [CSI driver][SeaweedFsCsiDriver] are the other Kubernetes paths.
+
+## Build from source ##
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs.git
+cd seaweedfs/weed && make install
+```
+
+`weed` lands in `$GOPATH/bin`. [Getting Started][GettingStarted] covers running master, volume, filer, and S3 as separate processes.
+
+## Scale out ##
+
+Capacity is a volume server. Start one on any machine with disk and point it at the master:
+
+```bash
+weed volume -dir=/data -master=<master_host>:9333
+```
+
+Nothing rebalances until you ask it to. Throughput is a filer or S3 gateway; they are stateless, so run as many as you need behind a load balancer. [Production Setup][ProductionSetup] walks through a multi-node cluster.
 
 [Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
 
-# Features #
-## Additional Blob Store Features ##
-* Support different replication levels, with rack and data center aware.
-* Automatic master servers failover - no single point of failure (SPOF).
-* Automatic compression depending on file MIME type.
-* Automatic compaction to reclaim disk space after deletion or update.
-* [Automatic entry TTL expiration][VolumeServerTTL].
-* Flexible Capacity Expansion: Any server with some disk space can add to the total storage space.
-* Adding/Removing servers does **not** cause any data re-balancing unless triggered by admin commands.
-* Optional picture resizing.
-* Support ETag, Accept-Range, Last-Modified, etc.
-* Support in-memory/leveldb/readonly mode tuning for memory/performance balance.
-* Support rebalancing the writable and readonly volumes.
-* [Customizable Multiple Storage Tiers][TieredStorage]: Customizable storage disk types to balance performance and cost.
-* [Transparent cloud integration][CloudTier]: unlimited capacity via tiered cloud storage for warm data.
-* [Erasure Coding for warm storage][ErasureCoding]  Rack-Aware 10.4 erasure coding reduces storage cost and increases availability. Enterprise version can customize EC ratio.
+# Why SeaweedFS #
+
+## Fast ##
+
+* One disk read per blob. A small file is one blob; a large file is split into chunks of a few MB, each its own blob. A volume server keeps a 16-byte index entry per blob in memory and reads it in a single seek, also for erasure-coded data.
+* The master is not in the read path. Clients cache the volume-to-server mapping and talk to volume servers directly.
+* 40 bytes of metadata per file on disk. Small files are packed into append-only volume files, so there is no per-file inode, no per-file metadata file, no fragmentation, and writes are SSD friendly.
+* Hot data is replicated; [erasure coding][ErasureCoding] is applied to warm data in the background, so writes never pay the encoding cost.
+* The [Rust volume server][RustVolume] is a drop-in for higher throughput and lower tail latency on the same on-disk format.
+
+On one laptop, [`weed benchmark`][Benchmarks] writes 1KB files at 15,700 per second and reads them back at 47,000 per second, and a mixed S3 [warp][S3Benchmark] run totals 3.2 GiB/s. Numbers are in the [Benchmark](#benchmark) section; throughput grows with volume servers and gateways.
+
+## Scalable ##
+
+* The master tracks volumes, not files. A cluster with billions of files has a few thousand volumes, so the master stays small. One master is enough for most clusters; run three for [Raft failover][FailoverMaster].
+* Adding a server adds capacity with no data reshuffle. Balancing, vacuum, erasure coding, and repair run on demand from [`weed shell`][WeedShell] or the [maintenance worker][Worker].
+* Filer and S3 gateways are stateless and scale linearly. Directory metadata lives in a [store you already run][FilerStores]: LevelDB, RocksDB, SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Cassandra, HBase, MongoDB, Redis, Elasticsearch, etcd, TiKV, FoundationDB, YDB, ArangoDB, Tarantool, and MySQL or PostgreSQL compatible databases such as TiDB, CockroachDB, and MemSQL.
+* Rack and data center aware [replication][Replication], [tiered storage][TieredStorage] across disk types, and [transparent cloud tiering][CloudTier] for unlimited capacity.
+* Files from a byte to [tens of TB][SuperLargeFiles]. Volumes up to 8TB with the large-disk build.
+
+## The most complete S3 API ##
+
+The S3 gateway implements the object, bucket, S3 Tables, IAM, and STS APIs on one endpoint, so the AWS SDKs and CLI, rclone, restic, Spark, and Trino work unchanged.
+
+| API | Operations |
+| --- | --- |
+| S3 bucket and object | 73 |
+| S3 Tables | 36 |
+| IAM | 39 |
+| STS | 5 |
+
+* [Versioning][Versioning], [Object Lock][ObjectLock] with retention and legal hold, [lifecycle][Lifecycle] rules, tagging, [CORS][CORS], [conditional reads and writes][ConditionalOps], checksums, presigned URLs, browser POST uploads, multipart uploads, and an atomic [RenameObject][RenameObject].
+* [Bucket policies][BucketPolicies] with [conditions][PolicyConditions] and [variables][PolicyVariables]; IAM users, groups, and policies; STS with [OIDC][OIDC], LDAP, and [Kubernetes service accounts][K8sSA].
+* [SSE-S3, SSE-KMS, and SSE-C][SSE] server-side encryption, with OpenBao and Vault, AWS KMS, Azure Key Vault, and GCP KMS as key providers.
+* [Audit log][AuditLog], [bucket quota][BucketQuota], and [rate limiting][RateLimiting].
+* Each bucket is its own collection, so deleting a bucket is instant.
+
+The full operation list is in [Amazon S3 API][AmazonS3API], and [Supported APIs vs MinIO][S3vsMinio] compares. The S3 compatibility suite and the SDK, IAM, SSE, policy, and Spark integration tests run in CI on every change.
+
+## A data warehouse with S3 Tables ##
+
+SeaweedFS is a lakehouse in one system. [S3 Table Buckets][S3TableBucket] hold Apache Iceberg tables by default, or [Lance][LanceCatalog] tables for vectors and multimodal data, and the built-in [Iceberg REST Catalog][IcebergCatalog] and Lance namespace serve them directly. There is no Hive Metastore, Glue, or separate catalog service to deploy, secure, and back up.
+
+* Query engines operate on the same tables at the same time: [Spark][SparkIceberg], [Trino][TrinoIceberg], [Dremio][DremioIceberg], [DuckDB][DuckDBIceberg], [Apache Doris][DorisIceberg], [RisingWave][RisingWaveIceberg], ClickHouse, and [LanceDB][LanceDB]. Catalog commits are atomic compare-and-swap, so concurrent writers are safe. [Lakekeeper][Lakekeeper] can front the same storage with STS-vended credentials.
+* [Automated table maintenance][IcebergMaintenance]: compaction, snapshot expiration, orphan file removal, and manifest rewriting, configured per bucket or table through the S3 Tables maintenance APIs, and the same for [Lance][LanceMaintenance].
+* IAM at the bucket, namespace, and table level with standard bucket policies, see [S3 Tables Security][S3TablesSecurity].
+* A [Hadoop compatible file system][Hadoop] for Spark, Flink, and HBase.
+
+`S3_TABLE_BUCKET=warehouse ./weed mini -dir=./data` brings the whole stack up on a laptop.
+
+## A fast cache for cloud storage ##
+
+[Cloud Drive][CloudDrive] mounts a bucket from S3, Google Cloud Storage, Azure, Backblaze B2, Wasabi, Storj, or any S3-compatible store into SeaweedFS and serves it at local speed:
+
+* Metadata is pulled once, so listing, stat, and directory walks cost no cloud API calls.
+* File content is downloaded once, on first read or [warmed][CacheRemote] by folder, name pattern, size, or age, and cached with the capacity of the whole cluster: cache everything, no churn.
+* Local writes complete at local latency and are written back to the cloud asynchronously in the cloud's native layout, so other tools keep reading the bucket directly.
+* Uncache by the same rules to free local disk while keeping the metadata.
+
+[Cloud Tier][CloudTier] goes the other direction, moving whole warm volumes to cloud storage while keeping one-read access, and the [Gateway to Remote Object Storage][GatewayToRemoteObjectStore] mirrors every bucket to a remote store. Faster and cheaper than reading the cloud directly.
+
+## Active-active replication and more ##
+
+* [Active-active or active-passive replication][ActiveActiveAsyncReplication] between clusters, continuous and resumable, for the whole tree or chosen folders, across data centers.
+* [Filer store replication][FilerStoreReplication] for metadata HA, [async backup][AsyncBackup] to cloud storage, [metadata backup][MetaBackup], and [change data capture][CDC] with [webhooks][Webhook] on every metadata event.
+* The same data as a [FUSE mount][Mount] on Linux, macOS, and [Windows][MountWindows], over [WebDAV][WebDAV], [SFTP][SFTP], HDFS, HTTP, and [TUS resumable uploads][TUS]; on Kubernetes through the [CSI driver][SeaweedFsCsiDriver] and [Operator][Operator].
+* [AES256-GCM encryption at rest][FilerDataEncryption], TLS and mTLS between components, JWT-signed volume access, and [FIPS][FIPS] builds.
+* [Admin UI][AdminUI], Prometheus [metrics][Metrics], [TTL][VolumeServerTTL] per file or volume, automatic compression and compaction, and [seaweed-up][SeaweedUp] for bare-metal clusters.
 
 [Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
 
-## Filer Features ##
-* [Filer server][Filer] provides "normal" directories and files via HTTP.
-* [File TTL][FilerTTL] automatically expires file metadata and actual file data.
-* [Mount filer][Mount] reads and writes files directly as a local directory via FUSE.
-* [Filer Store Replication][FilerStoreReplication] enables HA for filer meta data stores.
-* [Active-Active Replication][ActiveActiveAsyncReplication] enables asynchronous one-way or two-way cross cluster continuous replication.
-* [Amazon S3 compatible API][AmazonS3API] accesses files with S3 tooling.
-* [Hadoop Compatible File System][Hadoop] accesses files from Hadoop/Spark/Flink/etc or even runs HBase.
-* [Async Replication To Cloud][BackupToCloud] has extremely fast local access and backups to Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, Azure, BackBlaze.
-* [WebDAV] accesses as a mapped drive on Mac and Windows, or from mobile devices.
-* [AES256-GCM Encrypted Storage][FilerDataEncryption] safely stores the encrypted data.
-* [Super Large Files][SuperLargeFiles] stores large or super large files in tens of TB.
-* [Cloud Drive][CloudDrive] mounts cloud storage to local cluster, cached for fast read and write with asynchronous write back.
-* [Gateway to Remote Object Store][GatewayToRemoteObjectStore] mirrors bucket operations to remote object storage, in addition to [Cloud Drive][CloudDrive]
+# Architecture #
 
-## Data Lakehouse Features ##
-* [S3 Table Buckets][S3TableBucket] expose a dedicated namespace for Iceberg tables with strict layout validation.
-* Built-in [Iceberg REST Catalog][IcebergCatalog] runs alongside the S3 endpoint — no external metastore needed.
-* Native integrations with [Apache Spark][SparkIceberg], [Trino][TrinoIceberg], [Dremio][DremioIceberg], [DuckDB][DuckDBIceberg], and [RisingWave][RisingWaveIceberg].
-* [Automated table maintenance][IcebergMaintenance]: compaction, snapshot expiration, orphan removal, manifest rewriting.
-* Granular IAM at the bucket, namespace, and table level via standard S3 bucket policies.
+![SeaweedFS Architecture](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/note/SeaweedFS_Architecture.png)
 
-## Kubernetes ##
-* [Kubernetes CSI Driver][SeaweedFsCsiDriver] A Container Storage Interface (CSI) Driver. [![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/chrislusf/seaweedfs-csi-driver.svg?maxAge=4800)](https://hub.docker.com/r/chrislusf/seaweedfs-csi-driver/)
-* [SeaweedFS Operator](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs-operator)
-
-[Filer]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Directories-and-Files
-[SuperLargeFiles]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Data-Structure-for-Large-Files
-[Mount]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/FUSE-Mount
-[AmazonS3API]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Amazon-S3-API
-[BackupToCloud]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Async-Replication-to-Cloud
-[Hadoop]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Hadoop-Compatible-File-System
-[WebDAV]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/WebDAV
-[ErasureCoding]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Erasure-coding-for-warm-storage
-[TieredStorage]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Tiered-Storage
-[CloudTier]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Cloud-Tier
-[FilerDataEncryption]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-Data-Encryption
-[FilerTTL]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-Stores
-[VolumeServerTTL]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Store-file-with-a-Time-To-Live
-[SeaweedFsCsiDriver]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs-csi-driver
-[ActiveActiveAsyncReplication]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-Active-Active-cross-cluster-continuous-synchronization
-[FilerStoreReplication]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-Store-Replication
-[KeyLargeValueStore]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-as-a-Key-Large-Value-Store
-[CloudDrive]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Cloud-Drive-Architecture
-[GatewayToRemoteObjectStore]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Gateway-to-Remote-Object-Storage
-[S3TableBucket]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-Table-Bucket
-[IcebergCatalog]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/SeaweedFS-Iceberg-Catalog
-[IcebergMaintenance]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Iceberg-Table-Maintenance
-[SparkIceberg]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Spark-Iceberg-Integration
-[TrinoIceberg]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Trino-Iceberg-Integration
-[DremioIceberg]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Dremio-Iceberg-Integration
-[DuckDBIceberg]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/DuckDB-Iceberg-Integration
-[RisingWaveIceberg]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/RisingWave-Iceberg-Integration
+* **Master** servers, one or a Raft group of three, track which volume lives on which volume server and hand out file ids. They are not in the read path.
+* **Volume** servers store blobs in append-only volume files, keep a 16-byte in-memory index per blob, and replicate or erasure-code at the volume level.
+* **Filer** servers add directories and files on top, with metadata in a store of your choice, and expose HTTP, S3, WebDAV, SFTP, FUSE, and the table catalogs.
 
+The blob store started from [Facebook's Haystack](http://www.usenix.org/event/osdi10/tech/full_papers/Beaver.pdf), erasure coding takes ideas from [f4](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/osdi14/osdi14-paper-muralidhar.pdf), and the whole has a lot in common with [Tectonic](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/fast21-pan.pdf) and [Colossus](https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/storage-data-transfer/a-peek-behind-colossus-googles-file-system). How file ids are assigned, written, and looked up, and why a master that tracks volumes scales, is in [Blob Store Architecture][BlobStoreArchitecture]; the services are in [Components][Components] and the [white paper][WhitePaper].
 
 [Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
 
-## Example: Using Seaweed Blob Store ##
-
-By default, the master node runs on port 9333, and the volume nodes run on port 8080.
-Let's start one master node, and two volume nodes on port 8080 and 8081. Ideally, they should be started from different machines. We'll use localhost as an example.
-
-SeaweedFS uses HTTP REST operations to read, write, and delete. The responses are in JSON or JSONP format.
-
-### Start Master Server ###
-
-```
-> ./weed master
-```
-
-### Start Volume Servers ###
-
-```
-> weed volume -dir="/tmp/data1" -max=5  -master="localhost:9333" -port=8080 &
-> weed volume -dir="/tmp/data2" -max=10 -master="localhost:9333" -port=8081 &
-```
-
-### Write A Blob ###
-
-A blob, also referred as a needle, a chunk, or mistakenly as a file, is just a byte array. It can have attributes, such as name, mime type, create or update time, etc. But basically it is just a byte array of a relatively small size, such as 2 MB ~ 64 MB. The size is not fixed.
-
-To upload a blob: first, send a HTTP POST, PUT, or GET request to `/dir/assign` to get an `fid` and a volume server URL:
-
-```
-> curl http://localhost:9333/dir/assign
-{"count":1,"fid":"3,01637037d6","url":"127.0.0.1:8080","publicUrl":"localhost:8080"}
-```
-
-Second, to store the blob content, send a HTTP multi-part POST request to `url + '/' + fid` from the response:
-
-```
-> curl -F file=@/home/chris/myphoto.jpg http://127.0.0.1:8080/3,01637037d6
-{"name":"myphoto.jpg","size":43234,"eTag":"1cc0118e"}
-```
-
-To update, send another POST request with updated blob content.
-
-For deletion, send an HTTP DELETE request to the same `url + '/' + fid` URL:
-
-```
-> curl -X DELETE http://127.0.0.1:8080/3,01637037d6
-```
-
-### Save Blob Id ###
-
-Now, you can save the `fid`, 3,01637037d6 in this case, to a database field.
-
-The number 3 at the start represents a volume id. After the comma, it's one file key, 01, and a file cookie, 637037d6.
-
-The volume id is an unsigned 32-bit integer. The file key is an unsigned 64-bit integer. The file cookie is an unsigned 32-bit integer, used to prevent URL guessing.
-
-The file key and file cookie are both coded in hex. You can store the <volume id, file key, file cookie> tuple in your own format, or simply store the `fid` as a string.
-
-If stored as a string, in theory, you would need 8+1+16+8=33 bytes. A char(33) would be enough, if not more than enough, since most uses will not need 2^32 volumes.
-
-If space is really a concern, you can store the file id in the binary format. You would need one 4-byte integer for volume id, 8-byte long number for file key, and a 4-byte integer for the file cookie. So 16 bytes are more than enough.
-
-### Read a Blob ###
-
-Here is an example of how to render the URL.
-
-First look up the volume server's URLs by the file's volumeId:
-
-```
-> curl http://localhost:9333/dir/lookup?volumeId=3
-{"volumeId":"3","locations":[{"publicUrl":"localhost:8080","url":"localhost:8080"}]}
-```
-
-Since (usually) there are not too many volume servers, and volumes don't move often, you can cache the results most of the time. Depending on the replication type, one volume can have multiple replica locations. Just randomly pick one location to read.
-
-Now you can take the public URL, render the URL or directly read from the volume server via URL:
-
-```
- http://localhost:8080/3,01637037d6.jpg
-```
-
-Notice we add a file extension ".jpg" here. It's optional and just one way for the client to specify the file content type.
-
-If you want a nicer URL, you can use one of these alternative URL formats:
-
-```
- http://localhost:8080/3/01637037d6/my_preferred_name.jpg
- http://localhost:8080/3/01637037d6.jpg
- http://localhost:8080/3,01637037d6.jpg
- http://localhost:8080/3/01637037d6
- http://localhost:8080/3,01637037d6
-```
-
-If you want to get a scaled version of an image, you can add some params:
-
-```
-http://localhost:8080/3/01637037d6.jpg?height=200&width=200
-http://localhost:8080/3/01637037d6.jpg?height=200&width=200&mode=fit
-http://localhost:8080/3/01637037d6.jpg?height=200&width=200&mode=fill
-```
-
-### Rack-Aware and Data Center-Aware Replication ###
-
-SeaweedFS applies the replication strategy at a volume level. So, when you are getting a blob id, you can specify the replication strategy. For example:
-
-```
-curl http://localhost:9333/dir/assign?replication=001
-```
-
-The replication parameter options are:
-
-```
-000: no replication
-001: replicate once on the same rack
-010: replicate once on a different rack, but same data center
-100: replicate once on a different data center
-200: replicate twice on two different data center
-110: replicate once on a different rack, and once on a different data center
-```
-
-More details about replication can be found [on the wiki][Replication].
-
-[Replication]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Replication
-
-You can also set the default replication strategy when starting the master server.
-
-### Allocate Blob Key on Specific Data Center ###
-
-Volume servers can be started with a specific data center name:
-
-```
- weed volume -dir=/tmp/1 -port=8080 -dataCenter=dc1
- weed volume -dir=/tmp/2 -port=8081 -dataCenter=dc2
-```
-
-When requesting a blob key, an optional "dataCenter" parameter can limit the assigned volume to the specific data center. For example, this specifies that the assigned volume should be limited to 'dc1':
-
-```
- http://localhost:9333/dir/assign?dataCenter=dc1
-```
-
-### Other Features ###
-  * [No Single Point of Failure][feat-1]
-  * [Insert with your own keys][feat-2]
-  * [Chunking large files][feat-3]
-  * [Collection as a Simple Name Space][feat-4]
-
-[feat-1]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Failover-Master-Server
-[feat-2]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Optimization#insert-with-your-own-keys
-[feat-3]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Optimization#upload-large-files
-[feat-4]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Optimization#collection-as-a-simple-name-space
-
-[Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
-
-## Blob Store Architecture ##
-
-Usually distributed file systems split each file into chunks. A central server keeps a mapping of filenames to chunks, and also which chunks each chunk server has.
-
-The main drawback is that the central server can't handle many small files efficiently, and since all read requests need to go through the central master, so it might not scale well for many concurrent users.
-
-Instead of managing chunks, SeaweedFS manages data volumes in the master server. Each data volume is 32GB in size, and can hold a lot of blobs. And each storage node can have many data volumes. So the master node only needs to store the metadata about the volumes, which is a fairly small amount of data and is generally stable.
-
-The actual blob metadata, which are the blob volume, offset, and size, is stored in each volume on volume servers. Since each volume server only manages metadata of blobs on its own disk, with only 16 bytes for each blob, all access can read the metadata just from memory and only needs one disk operation to actually read file data.
-
-For comparison, consider that an xfs inode structure in Linux is 536 bytes.
-
-### Master Server and Volume Server ###
-
-The architecture is fairly simple. The actual data is stored in volumes on storage nodes. One volume server can have multiple volumes, and can both support read and write access with basic authentication.
-
-All volumes are managed by a master server. The master server contains the volume id to volume server mapping. This is fairly static information, and can be easily cached.
-
-On each write request, the master server also generates a file key, which is a growing 64-bit unsigned integer. Since write requests are not generally as frequent as read requests, one master server should be able to handle the concurrency well.
-
-### Write and Read files ###
-
-When a client sends a write request, the master server returns (volume id, file key, file cookie, volume node URL) for the blob. The client then contacts the volume node and POSTs the blob content.
-
-When a client needs to read a blob based on (volume id, file key, file cookie), it asks the master server by the volume id for the (volume node URL, volume node public URL), or retrieves this from a cache. Then the client can GET the content, or just render the URL on web pages and let browsers fetch the content.
-
-### Saving memory ###
-
-All blob metadata stored on a volume server is readable from memory without disk access. Each file takes just a 16-byte map entry of <64bit key, 32bit offset, 32bit size>. Of course, each map entry has its own space cost for the map. But usually the disk space runs out before the memory does.
-
-### Tiered Storage to the cloud ###
-
-The local volume servers are much faster, while cloud storages have elastic capacity and are actually more cost-efficient if not accessed often (usually free to upload, but relatively costly to access). With the append-only structure and O(1) access time, SeaweedFS can take advantage of both local and cloud storage by offloading the warm data to the cloud.
-
-Usually hot data are fresh and warm data are old. SeaweedFS puts the newly created volumes on local servers, and optionally upload the older volumes on the cloud. If the older data are accessed less often, this literally gives you unlimited capacity with limited local servers, and still fast for new data. 
-
-With the O(1) access time, the network latency cost is kept at minimum. 
-
-If the hot/warm data is split as 20/80, with 20 servers, you can achieve storage capacity of 100 servers. That's a cost saving of 80%! Or you can repurpose the 80 servers to store new data also, and get 5X storage throughput.
-
-[Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
-
-## SeaweedFS Filer ##
-
-Built on top of the blob store, SeaweedFS Filer adds directory structure to create a file system. The directory structure is an interface that is implemented in many key-value stores or databases.
-
-The content of a file is mapped to one or many blobs, distributed to multiple volumes on multiple volume servers.
-
-## Compared to Other File Systems ##
+# Compared to Other Systems #
 
 Most other distributed file systems seem more complicated than necessary.
 
@@ -438,9 +273,7 @@ SeaweedFS is meant to be fast and simple, in both setup and operation. If you do
 
 SeaweedFS is constantly moving forward. Same with other systems. These comparisons can be outdated quickly. Please help to keep them updated.
 
-[Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
-
-### Compared to HDFS ###
+## Compared to HDFS ##
 
 HDFS uses the chunk approach for each file, and is ideal for storing large files.
 
@@ -448,9 +281,7 @@ SeaweedFS is ideal for serving relatively smaller files quickly and concurrently
 
 SeaweedFS can also store extra large files by splitting them into manageable data chunks, and store the file ids of the data chunks into a meta chunk. This is managed by "weed upload/download" tool, and the weed master or volume servers are agnostic about it.
 
-[Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
-
-### Compared to GlusterFS, Ceph ###
+## Compared to GlusterFS, Ceph ##
 
 The architectures are mostly the same. SeaweedFS aims to store and read files fast, with a simple and flat architecture. The main differences are
 
@@ -469,25 +300,15 @@ The architectures are mostly the same. SeaweedFS aims to store and read files fa
 | MinIO          | separate meta file per drive for each file  |                  |         | Yes   | No                          |
 | RustFS         | separate meta file per drive for each file  |                  |         | Yes   | No                          |
 
-[Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
+GlusterFS stores files, both directories and content, in configurable volumes called "bricks". It hashes the path and filename into ids, and assigned to virtual volumes, and then mapped to "bricks".
 
-### Compared to GlusterFS ###
-
-GlusterFS stores files, both directories and content, in configurable volumes called "bricks".
-
-GlusterFS hashes the path and filename into ids, and assigned to virtual volumes, and then mapped to "bricks".
-
-[Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
-
-### Compared to MooseFS ###
+## Compared to MooseFS ##
 
 MooseFS chooses to neglect small file issue. From moosefs 3.0 manual, "even a small file will occupy 64KiB plus additionally 4KiB of checksums and 1KiB for the header", because it "was initially designed for keeping large amounts (like several thousands) of very big files"
 
-MooseFS Master Server keeps all meta data in memory. Same issue as HDFS namenode. 
+MooseFS Master Server keeps all meta data in memory. Same issue as HDFS namenode.
 
-[Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
-
-### Compared to Ceph ###
+## Compared to Ceph ##
 
 Ceph can be setup similar to SeaweedFS as a key->blob store. It is much more complicated, with the need to support layers on top of it. [Here is a more detailed comparison](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/issues/120)
 
@@ -507,13 +328,11 @@ SeaweedFS Filer uses off-the-shelf stores, such as MySql, Postgres, Sqlite, Mong
 | Volume  | OSD | optimized for small files |
 | Filer  | Ceph FS | linearly scalable, Customizable, O(1) or O(logN) |
 
-[Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
-
-### Compared to MinIO, RustFS ###
+## Compared to MinIO, RustFS ##
 
 Please note, as Apr 25, 2026 MinIO ceased development. It's strongly discouraged to use that unmaintained software with multiple security bugs. RustFS is a MinIO reimplementation in Rust, Apache 2.0 licensed and still developed, keeping MinIO's storage model down to a byte-compatible on-disk format. So the points below apply to both.
 
-MinIO followed AWS S3 closely and was ideal for testing for S3 API. It had good UI, policies, versionings, etc. SeaweedFS is trying to catch up here. 
+MinIO followed AWS S3 closely and was ideal for testing for S3 API. It had good UI, policies, versionings, etc. SeaweedFS is trying to catch up here.
 
 The metadata are in simple files. Each file write incurs extra writes to the corresponding meta file, on every drive of the erasure set. Changing only tags or retention rewrites that meta file on all of them, so the write amplification does not shrink with object size.
 
@@ -530,113 +349,18 @@ There are specific requirements on storage layout, which makes it hard to scale
 
 [Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
 
-## Dev Plan ##
+# Benchmark #
 
-* More tools and documentation, on how to manage and scale the system.
-* Read and write stream data.
-* Support structured data.
+Unscientific single-machine numbers from a MacBook with an SSD. [`weed benchmark`][Benchmarks], 1 million 1KB files, concurrency 16:
 
-This is a super exciting project! And we need helpers and [support](https://www.patreon.com/seaweedfs)!
+| | Requests per second | p50 | p99 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Write | 15,708 | 0.8 ms | 2.6 ms |
+| Random read | 47,019 | 0.3 ms | 0.7 ms |
 
-[Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
-
-## Installation Guide ##
-
-> Installation guide for users who are not familiar with golang
-
-Step 1: install go on your machine and setup the environment by following the instructions at:
-
-https://golang.org/doc/install
-
-make sure to define your $GOPATH
-
-
-Step 2: checkout this repo:
-```bash
-git clone https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs.git
-```
-Step 3: download, compile, and install the project by executing the following command
-
-```bash
-cd seaweedfs/weed && make install
-```
-
-Once this is done, you will find the executable "weed" in your `$GOPATH/bin` directory
-
-For more installation options, including how to run with Docker, see the [Getting Started guide](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Getting-Started).
-
-[Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
-
-## Disk Related Topics ##
-
-### Hard Drive Performance ###
-
-When testing read performance on SeaweedFS, it basically becomes a performance test of your hard drive's random read speed. Hard drives usually get 100MB/s~200MB/s.
-
-### Solid State Disk ###
-
-To modify or delete small files, SSD must delete a whole block at a time, and move content in existing blocks to a new block. SSD is fast when brand new, but will get fragmented over time and you have to garbage collect, compacting blocks. SeaweedFS is friendly to SSD since it is append-only. Deletion and compaction are done on volume level in the background, not slowing reading and not causing fragmentation.
-
-[Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
-
-## Benchmark ##
-
-My Own Unscientific Single Machine Results on Mac Book with Solid State Disk, CPU: 1 Intel Core i7 2.6GHz.
-
-Write 1 million 1KB file:
-```
-Concurrency Level:      16
-Time taken for tests:   66.753 seconds
-Completed requests:      1048576
-Failed requests:        0
-Total transferred:      1106789009 bytes
-Requests per second:    15708.23 [#/sec]
-Transfer rate:          16191.69 [Kbytes/sec]
-
-Connection Times (ms)
-              min      avg        max      std
-Total:        0.3      1.0       84.3      0.9
-
-Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
-   50%      0.8 ms
-   66%      1.0 ms
-   75%      1.1 ms
-   80%      1.2 ms
-   90%      1.4 ms
-   95%      1.7 ms
-   98%      2.1 ms
-   99%      2.6 ms
-  100%     84.3 ms
-```
-
-Randomly read 1 million files:
-```
-Concurrency Level:      16
-Time taken for tests:   22.301 seconds
-Completed requests:      1048576
-Failed requests:        0
-Total transferred:      1106812873 bytes
-Requests per second:    47019.38 [#/sec]
-Transfer rate:          48467.57 [Kbytes/sec]
-
-Connection Times (ms)
-              min      avg        max      std
-Total:        0.0      0.3       54.1      0.2
-
-Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
-   50%      0.3 ms
-   90%      0.4 ms
-   98%      0.6 ms
-   99%      0.7 ms
-  100%     54.1 ms
-```
-
-### Run WARP and launch a mixed benchmark. ###
+`make benchmark` runs [warp][S3Benchmark] mixed S3 traffic against a local `weed server`:
 
 ```
-make benchmark
-warp: Benchmark data written to "warp-mixed-2025-12-05[194844]-kBpU.csv.zst"
-
 Mixed operations.
 Operation: DELETE, 10%, Concurrency: 20, Ran 42s.
  * Throughput: 55.13 obj/s
@@ -653,17 +377,19 @@ Operation: STAT, 30%, Concurrency: 20, Ran 42s.
 Cluster Total: 3302.88 MiB/s, 550.51 obj/s over 43s.
 ```
 
+Read throughput is bounded by the random read speed of the disks, and grows with every volume server added. More numbers, including multi-node, FUSE, and Hadoop, are in [Benchmarks][Benchmarks], [S3 API Benchmark][S3Benchmark], [FIO benchmark][FIO], and [Independent Benchmarks][IndependentBenchmarks].
+
 [Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
 
-## Enterprise ##
+# Enterprise #
 
-For enterprise users, please visit [seaweedfs.com](https://seaweedfs.com) for the SeaweedFS Enterprise Edition, 
-which has advanced features, including data recovery, self-healing storage, 
+For enterprise users, please visit [seaweedfs.com](https://seaweedfs.com) for the SeaweedFS Enterprise Edition,
+which has advanced features, including data recovery, self-healing storage,
 customizable erasure coding, EC vacuum and repair, etc.
 
 [Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
 
-## License ##
+# License #
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -677,9 +403,114 @@ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
 
-The text of this page is available for modification and reuse under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License and the GNU Free Documentation License (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts).
+[Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
+
+# Sponsors #
+
+<h3 align="center"><a href="https://www.patreon.com/seaweedfs">Sponsor SeaweedFS via Patreon</a></h3>
+
+SeaweedFS is an independent Apache-licensed open source project with its ongoing development made
+possible entirely thanks to the support of these awesome [backers](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/blob/master/backers.md).
+If you'd like to grow SeaweedFS even stronger, please consider joining our
+<a href="https://www.patreon.com/seaweedfs">sponsors on Patreon</a>.
+
+Your support will be really appreciated by me and other supporters!
+
+<!--
+<h4 align="center">Platinum</h4>
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/note/sponsor_nodion.png" width="200" alt="nodion">
+  </a>
+</p>
+-->
+
+### Gold Sponsors
+[![nodion](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/note/sponsor_nodion.png)](https://www.nodion.com)
+[![piknik](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/note/piknik.png)](https://www.piknik.com)
+[![keepsec](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/note/keepsec.png)](https://www.keepsec.ca)
+[![zyner](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/master/note/sponsor_zyner.png)](https://zyner.org)
 
 [Back to TOC](#table-of-contents)
 
-## Stargazers over time
-[![Stargazers over time](https://starchart.cc/seaweedfs/seaweedfs.svg?variant=adaptive)](https://starchart.cc/seaweedfs/seaweedfs)
+## Star History
+
+![Star History](note/star_history.svg)
+
+[WeedMini]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Quick-Start-with-weed-mini
+[DockerComposeS3]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Docker-Compose-for-S3
+[HelmRecipes]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Helm-Chart-Recipes
+[Operator]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs-operator
+[SeaweedFsCsiDriver]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs-csi-driver
+[GettingStarted]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Getting-Started
+[ProductionSetup]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Production-Setup
+[ErasureCoding]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Erasure-Coding-for-warm-storage
+[RustVolume]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Rust-Volume-Server
+[Benchmarks]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Benchmarks
+[S3Benchmark]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-API-Benchmark
+[FIO]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/FIO-benchmark
+[IndependentBenchmarks]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Independent-Benchmarks
+[FailoverMaster]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Failover-Master-Server
+[WeedShell]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/weed-shell
+[Worker]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Worker
+[FilerStores]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-Stores
+[Replication]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Replication
+[TieredStorage]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Tiered-Storage
+[CloudTier]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Cloud-Tier
+[SuperLargeFiles]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Data-Structure-for-Large-Files
+[Versioning]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-Object-Versioning
+[ObjectLock]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-Object-Lock-and-Retention
+[Lifecycle]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-Lifecycle
+[CORS]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-CORS
+[ConditionalOps]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-Conditional-Operations
+[RenameObject]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-RenameObject
+[BucketPolicies]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-Bucket-Policies
+[PolicyConditions]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-Policy-Conditions
+[PolicyVariables]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-Policy-Variables
+[OIDC]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/OIDC-Integration
+[K8sSA]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Kubernetes-ServiceAccount-Authentication
+[SSE]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Server-Side-Encryption
+[AuditLog]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-API-Audit-log
+[BucketQuota]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-Bucket-Quota
+[RateLimiting]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-Rate-Limiting
+[AmazonS3API]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Amazon-S3-API
+[S3vsMinio]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Supported-APIs-vs-Minio
+[S3TableBucket]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-Table-Bucket
+[LanceCatalog]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/SeaweedFS-Lance-Catalog
+[IcebergCatalog]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/SeaweedFS-Iceberg-Catalog
+[SparkIceberg]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Spark-Iceberg-Integration
+[TrinoIceberg]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Trino-Iceberg-Integration
+[DremioIceberg]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Dremio-Iceberg-Integration
+[DuckDBIceberg]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/DuckDB-Iceberg-Integration
+[DorisIceberg]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Doris-Iceberg-Integration
+[RisingWaveIceberg]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/RisingWave-Iceberg-Integration
+[LanceDB]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/LanceDB-Integration
+[Lakekeeper]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Lakekeeper-Iceberg-Integration
+[IcebergMaintenance]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Iceberg-Table-Maintenance
+[LanceMaintenance]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Lance-Maintenance-Worker
+[S3TablesSecurity]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/S3-Tables-Security
+[Hadoop]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Hadoop-Compatible-File-System
+[CloudDrive]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Cloud-Drive-Architecture
+[CacheRemote]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Cache-Remote-Storage
+[GatewayToRemoteObjectStore]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Gateway-to-Remote-Object-Storage
+[ActiveActiveAsyncReplication]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-Active-Active-cross-cluster-continuous-synchronization
+[FilerStoreReplication]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-Store-Replication
+[AsyncBackup]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Async-Backup
+[MetaBackup]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Async-Filer-Metadata-Backup
+[CDC]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-Change-Data-Capture
+[Webhook]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-Notification-Webhook
+[Mount]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/FUSE-Mount
+[MountWindows]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Mount-on-Windows
+[WebDAV]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/WebDAV
+[SFTP]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/SFTP-Server
+[TUS]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/TUS-Resumable-Uploads
+[FilerDataEncryption]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-Data-Encryption
+[FIPS]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Cryptography-and-FIPS-Compliance
+[AdminUI]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Admin-UI
+[Metrics]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/System-Metrics
+[VolumeServerTTL]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Store-file-with-a-Time-To-Live
+[SeaweedUp]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Deployment-with-seaweed-up
+[BlobStoreArchitecture]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Blob-Store-Architecture
+[Components]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Components
+[WhitePaper]: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/SeaweedFS_Architecture.pdf

REST_API.md

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+# SeaweedFS HTTP REST API
+
+SeaweedFS exposes three HTTP surfaces:
+
+| Service | Default port | Addressing |
+|---------|--------------|------------|
+| Filer | 8888 | File system paths (`/dir/name`) |
+| Master | 9333 | File id assignment and cluster topology |
+| Volume server | 8080 | File content by file id (`vid,fid`) |
+
+Most clients only need the filer API (paths) or the S3 API. The master and
+volume APIs are the lower-level blob store interface.
+
+Conventions applying to all three:
+
+- Responses are JSON unless noted otherwise. Append `&pretty=y` to pretty-print.
+- A file id (`fid`) has the form `volumeId,fileKeyCookie`, e.g. `3,01637037d6`.
+  An optional suffix selects a reserved id from a `count` assignment
+  (`3,01637037d6_1`, `_2`, ...), and an optional extension
+  (`3,01637037d6.jpg`) sets the content type on reads.
+- `replication` is a 3-digit replica placement `xyz`: `x` copies in other
+  data centers, `y` on other racks in the same data center, `z` on other
+  volume servers on the same rack. `000` = no replication, `001` = one copy
+  on the same rack, `010` = one copy on a different rack, `100` = one copy in
+  another data center, `200` = two copies in two other data centers, `110` =
+  one copy in another data center plus one on another rack.
+- `ttl` units: `m` minute, `h` hour, `d` day, `w` week, `M` month, `y` year.
+
+## Filer API (port 8888)
+
+The filer presents a POSIX-like namespace over the volume servers.
+
+### Upload a file
+
+```bash
+# PUT the raw body to the target path
+curl -T /home/chris/myphoto.jpg "http://localhost:8888/dir/myphoto.jpg"
+
+# or POST as multipart form (the part filename becomes the entry name)
+curl -F file=@/home/chris/myphoto.jpg "http://localhost:8888/dir/"
+```
+
+Response `201 Created`:
+
+```json
+{"name":"myphoto.jpg","size":43234,"eTag":"0x6c656...","mtime":"...","chunks":[...]}
+```
+
+Query parameters:
+
+| Parameter | Description | Default |
+|-----------|-------------|---------|
+| `collection` | collection name | empty |
+| `replication` | replica placement code | filer default |
+| `ttl` | file expiration, e.g. `3d` | never |
+| `disk` | disk type to store on | filer default |
+| `fsync` | `true` fsyncs on the volume server | false |
+| `dataCenter` | preferred data center | empty |
+| `rack` | preferred rack | empty |
+| `dataNode` | preferred volume server | empty |
+| `saveInside` | store small content inside the metadata instead of a volume | false |
+| `maxMB` | split the upload into chunks of this many MB | filer `-maxMB` |
+| `mode` | unix permission bits, e.g. `0644` | `0660` |
+| `op` | `append` appends to an existing file | overwrite |
+| `skipCheckParentDir` | `true` skips the parent-directory existence check | false |
+
+### Create a directory
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST "http://localhost:8888/dir/newdir/"
+```
+
+A POST to a path ending in `/` with no content creates the directory,
+including missing parents.
+
+### Read a file
+
+```bash
+curl "http://localhost:8888/dir/myphoto.jpg"
+```
+
+Supports `Range` requests (`Accept-Ranges: bytes`), `ETag`, and the
+`If-None-Match` / `If-Modified-Since` conditional headers. `HEAD` returns
+headers only. Entry headers stored as extended attributes are echoed back,
+minus internal `Seaweed-` and `xattr-` keys.
+
+Entry metadata instead of content:
+
+```bash
+curl "http://localhost:8888/dir/myphoto.jpg?metadata=true"
+```
+
+`metadata=true&resolveManifest=true` additionally resolves chunked-manifest
+entries into their real chunk list.
+
+### List a directory
+
+```bash
+curl -H "Accept: application/json" "http://localhost:8888/dir/?limit=10&lastFileName=a.jpg"
+```
+
+| Parameter | Description | Default |
+|-----------|-------------|---------|
+| `limit` | max entries per page | filer `-dirListLimit` |
+| `lastFileName` | resume listing after this entry name | empty |
+| `namePattern` | include only names matching the wildcard | empty |
+| `namePatternExclude` | exclude names matching the wildcard | empty |
+
+The JSON response carries `Path`, `Entries`, `Limit`, `LastFileName`,
+`ShouldDisplayLoadMore`, and `EmptyFolder`. Without the `Accept` header the
+filer renders its HTML browser.
+
+### Move and copy
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST "http://localhost:8888/dir/newname.jpg?mv.from=/dir/myphoto.jpg"
+curl -X POST "http://localhost:8888/dir/copy.jpg?cp.from=/dir/myphoto.jpg"
+```
+
+`mv.from` renames or moves the source to the request path (`204 No Content`).
+`cp.from` copies it.
+
+### Append
+
+```bash
+curl -T chunk2.bin "http://localhost:8888/dir/file.bin?op=append"
+```
+
+### Delete
+
+```bash
+curl -X DELETE "http://localhost:8888/dir/myphoto.jpg"
+curl -X DELETE "http://localhost:8888/dir/?recursive=true"
+```
+
+| Parameter | Description | Default |
+|-----------|-------------|---------|
+| `recursive` | delete a non-empty directory tree | false; when the filer runs with `filer.options.recursive_delete=true`, deletes are recursive unless `recursive=false` |
+| `ignoreRecursiveError` | keep deleting remaining entries after an error | false |
+| `skipChunkDeletion` | remove only the metadata, keep volume data | false |
+
+### Tagging
+
+Tags are carried as `Seaweed-`-prefixed request headers, not query
+parameters; `?tagging` selects the tagging handler and `?tagging=K1,K2`
+lists the keys to remove. Header names are canonicalized on write
+(`Seaweed-k1` is stored as `Seaweed-K1`), and the delete list is matched
+case-sensitively against the stored names.
+
+```bash
+curl -X PUT -H "Seaweed-k1: v1" -H "Seaweed-k2: v2" "http://localhost:8888/dir/file.jpg?tagging"
+curl -X DELETE "http://localhost:8888/dir/file.jpg?tagging=K1,K2"
+```
+
+### Read by file id
+
+```bash
+curl "http://localhost:8888/?proxyChunkId=3,01637037d6"
+```
+
+The filer proxies the chunk read to the right volume server, so only the
+filer port needs to be exposed.
+
+### Resumable uploads
+
+The filer serves the [TUS protocol](https://tus.io/) for resumable uploads
+(`POST`, `PATCH`, `HEAD` on upload URLs). It is enabled by default at
+`/.tus`; `-tusBasePath` changes the endpoint base path.
+
+### Health
+
+`GET /healthz` and `GET /readyz` return `200 OK`.
+
+## Master API (port 9333)
+
+Write-affecting endpoints are automatically proxied to the current leader, so
+any master in the quorum can serve them.
+
+### Assign a file id
+
+```bash
+curl "http://localhost:9333/dir/assign?count=1&replication=001&collection=turbo&dataCenter=dc1&ttl=3d&disk=ssd"
+{"count":1,"fid":"3,01637037d6","url":"127.0.0.1:8080","publicUrl":"localhost:8080"}
+```
+
+Upload the file content to `http://<url>/<fid>` afterwards. With `count>1`,
+use `<fid>_1`, `<fid>_2`, ... for the additional ids.
+
+| Parameter | Description | Default |
+|-----------|-------------|---------|
+| `count` | file ids to reserve | 1 |
+| `collection` | collection name | empty |
+| `dataCenter` | preferred data center | empty |
+| `rack` | preferred rack | empty |
+| `dataNode` | preferred volume server | empty |
+| `replication` | replica placement | master `-defaultReplication` |
+| `ttl` | file expiration, e.g. `3d` | never |
+| `disk` | disk type | empty |
+| `dataSize` | expected file size in bytes | 0 |
+| `preallocate` | bytes to preallocate for new volumes | master `-volumePreallocate` |
+| `writableVolumeCount` | grow this many volumes when none are writable | master default |
+| `memoryMapMaxSizeMb` | memory-mapped file size (Windows) | 0 |
+
+### Look up a volume or file id
+
+```bash
+curl "http://localhost:9333/dir/lookup?volumeId=3"
+{"locations":[{"url":"localhost:8080","publicUrl":"localhost:8080"}]}
+```
+
+| Parameter | Description | Default |
+|-----------|-------------|---------|
+| `volumeId` | volume id; a full `vid,fid` is accepted too | required |
+| `fileId` | like `volumeId`, but also returns a write JWT when security is on | empty |
+| `collection` | speeds up the lookup | empty |
+| `read` | `yes` generates a read JWT instead of a write JWT | empty |
+
+### Store a file in one call
+
+```bash
+curl -F file=@/home/chris/report.pdf "http://localhost:9333/submit?collection=turbo&replication=001"
+{"fileName":"report.pdf","fid":"3,01637037d6","fileUrl":"localhost:8080/3,01637037d6","size":43234,"eTag":"0x6c656..."}
+```
+
+`POST /submit` accepts multipart file data plus the `dir/assign` placement
+parameters (`count`, `collection`, `dataCenter`, `rack`, `replication`,
+`ttl`, `disk`), assigns a file id, uploads to the volume server, and returns
+the result.
+
+### Redirect to a file
+
+```bash
+curl -v "http://localhost:9333/3,01637037d6"
+```
+
+`GET /{fileId}` answers `308 Permanent Redirect` to a volume server holding
+the file, preserving the query string (e.g. image-resize parameters).
+
+### Cluster status
+
+```bash
+curl "http://localhost:9333/dir/status?pretty=y"   # full topology tree
+curl "http://localhost:9333/vol/status?pretty=y"   # every volume on every node
+curl "http://localhost:9333/collection/info?collection=turbo"
+curl "http://localhost:9333/collection/info?collection=turbo&detail=true"
+```
+
+`collection/info` returns aggregated `TotalSize`, `FileCount`, `UsedSize`,
+`VolumeCount`; `detail=true` splits them per volume layout.
+
+### Grow volumes
+
+```bash
+curl "http://localhost:9333/vol/grow?count=4&replication=001&collection=turbo&ttl=5d&disk=ssd&dataCenter=dc1&rack=rack1"
+{"count":4}
+```
+
+`count` is required; the placement parameters match `dir/assign`. One volume
+serves one write at a time, so pre-allocated volumes raise write concurrency.
+
+### Vacuum deleted space
+
+```bash
+curl "http://localhost:9333/vol/vacuum?garbageThreshold=0.4"
+```
+
+| Parameter | Description | Default |
+|-----------|-------------|---------|
+| `garbageThreshold` | minimum deleted-bytes ratio before a volume is compacted | master `-garbageThreshold` (0.3) |
+
+Vacuuming makes a volume read-only, copies live needles to a new volume, and
+swaps it in.
+
+### Delete a collection
+
+```bash
+curl "http://localhost:9333/col/delete?collection=benchmark"
+```
+
+Deletes all volumes of the collection, including erasure-coded shards.
+`204 No Content` on success.
+
+### Health
+
+```bash
+curl -I "http://localhost:9333/healthz"     # liveness
+curl -I "http://localhost:9333/readyz"      # readiness
+curl "http://localhost:9333/"               # web UI
+```
+
+## Volume server API (port 8080)
+
+The volume server stores file content by file id. Clients normally get the
+volume URL from `dir/assign` or `dir/lookup`.
+
+### Upload
+
+```bash
+curl -F file=@/home/chris/myphoto.jpg "http://127.0.0.1:8080/3,01637037d6"
+{"name":"myphoto.jpg","size":43234,"eTag":"0x6c656...","mime":"image/jpeg","contentMd5":"..."}
+```
+
+PUT or POST the body (or a multipart `file` part) to `/{vid},{fid}`.
+`204 No Content` is returned when the content is unchanged. `?ts=<unix>`
+sets the stored modification time.
+
+### Read
+
+```bash
+curl "http://127.0.0.1:8080/3,01637037d6"
+curl "http://127.0.0.1:8080/3,01637037d6.jpg"        # sets Content-Type from the extension
+```
+
+Supports `Range` and `HEAD`. Image files can be resized server-side:
+
+| Parameter | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| `width`, `height` | resize bounds in pixels |
+| `mode` | `fit` (contain) or `fill` (cover); omitted resizes to `width`/`height` |
+| `crop_x1`, `crop_y1`, `crop_x2`, `crop_y2` | explicit crop rectangle |
+| `cm` | `false` returns the chunk-manifest blob instead of resolving it |
+| `readDeleted` | `true` reads soft-deleted needles |
+| `collection` | passed through redirects for the right volume |
+
+### Delete
+
+```bash
+curl -X DELETE "http://127.0.0.1:8080/3,01637037d6"
+{"size":43234}
+```
+
+`?ts=<unix>` sets the deletion timestamp. Replicated volumes propagate the
+delete to every replica.
+
+### Status
+
+```bash
+curl "http://localhost:8080/status?pretty=y"  # disk and volume inventory
+curl -I "http://localhost:8080/healthz"       # liveness/readiness
+```
+
+`OPTIONS` preflights answer CORS headers. When `-port.public` differs from
+`-port`, the volume server opens a separate read-only public listener on
+that port; `-publicUrl` sets the address it advertises to clients.

design-cloudstack-provider.md

@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+# SeaweedFS as an Apache CloudStack Object Storage Provider
+
+A CloudStack ObjectStore plugin that makes SeaweedFS a first-class object storage
+backend inside Apache CloudStack, alongside the existing MinIO and Ceph RGW
+providers. This is a collaboration with proIO (Swen), who builds private clouds on
+CloudStack and wants SeaweedFS as a storage option.
+
+## The request
+
+> We can only add MinIO and Ceph as object storage [in CloudStack] today. I want
+> to get SeaweedFS into this project... What we need is to build a provider which
+> does the communication between Cloudstack and SeaweedFS.
+
+This is **not** a SeaweedFS-side feature. The work lives in the Apache CloudStack
+repo (Java): a new plugin under `plugins/storage/object/seaweedfs/` that implements
+CloudStack's ObjectStore plugin framework and talks to SeaweedFS over its S3 and
+IAM APIs. SeaweedFS itself needs no changes for the core to work — its S3 API
+already covers every bucket operation CloudStack requires, and its IAM API covers
+user/credential management.
+
+## How the CloudStack ObjectStore framework works
+
+CloudStack 4.18+ introduced an Object Storage framework. An admin registers an
+object storage pool via `addObjectStoragePool` (URL + provider + credentials);
+tenants then create and manage buckets on it through CloudStack APIs. CloudStack
+manages pool and bucket lifecycle; the underlying provider handles the actual
+object protocol.
+
+A provider is a plugin module implementing three interfaces:
+
+### 1. `ObjectStoreProvider` — registration
+
+`MinIOObjectStoreProviderImpl` is the reference. It is a Spring `@Component` that:
+- Returns a provider name (`"MinIO"`)
+- Returns `DataStoreProviderType.OBJECT`
+- In `configure()`, injects the lifecycle and driver implementations and calls
+  `storeMgr.registerDriver(name, driver)`
+
+### 2. `ObjectStoreLifeCycle` — pool add/remove
+
+`MinIOObjectStoreLifeCycleImpl.initialize()` reads the URL, name, and
+`accesskey`/`secretkey` details from the `addObjectStoragePool` call, tests the
+connection by listing buckets, and persists an `ObjectStoreVO` via
+`ObjectStoreHelper`. The other methods (attachCluster/Host/Zone, maintain,
+deleteDataStore) are no-ops for object storage.
+
+### 3. `ObjectStoreDriver` — bucket + user operations
+
+`ObjectStoreDriver` (in `engine/storage/.../object/ObjectStoreDriver.java`) extends
+`DataStoreDriver` and defines the bucket/user contract. Every provider must
+implement:
+
+| Method | Purpose |
+| --- | --- |
+| `createBucket(Bucket, boolean objectLock)` | Create a bucket |
+| `listBuckets(long storeId)` | List all buckets |
+| `deleteBucket(BucketTO, long storeId)` | Delete a bucket |
+| `createUser(long accountId, long storeId)` | Provision a user + credentials for a CloudStack account |
+| `setBucketPolicy` / `getBucketPolicy` / `deleteBucketPolicy` | Bucket policy CRUD |
+| `setBucketEncryption` / `deleteBucketEncryption` | SSE config |
+| `setBucketVersioning` / `deleteBucketVersioning` | Versioning enable/suspend |
+| `setBucketQuota(BucketTO, long storeId, long size)` | Per-bucket quota |
+| `getAllBucketsUsage(long storeId)` | Usage map for billing/accounting |
+| `getBucketAcl` / `setBucketAcl` | ACLs (MinIO/Ceph return null / no-op) |
+
+`BaseObjectStoreDriverImpl` provides no-op defaults for the `DataStoreDriver`
+methods (`createAsync`, `deleteAsync`, `copyAsync`, `canCopy`, `resize`,
+`getTO`, `getStoreTO`), so object-store providers only implement the bucket/user
+methods above.
+
+## How the four existing providers differ (and where SeaweedFS lands)
+
+CloudStack ships four object-store providers. Three are relevant; the simulator
+is a test stub.
+
+| Concern | MinIO | Ceph RGW | Cloudian HyperStore | SeaweedFS |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Bucket CRUD | `MinioClient` (S3) | `AmazonS3` (AWS SDK v1) | `AmazonS3` (AWS SDK v1) | `AmazonS3` (AWS SDK v1) |
+| Bucket policy | `MinioClient` | `AmazonS3` | `AmazonS3` | `AmazonS3` |
+| Versioning | `MinioClient` | `AmazonS3` | `AmazonS3` | `AmazonS3` |
+| Encryption | `MinioClient` | not implemented | `AmazonS3` | `AmazonS3` |
+| **User creation** | `MinioAdminClient` | `RgwAdmin` | **`AmazonIdentityManagement`** | **`AmazonIdentityManagement`** |
+| **Per-bucket quota** | `MinioAdminClient` | `RgwAdmin` | **not supported** (throws) | **S3 extension** (`PUT /{bucket}?seaweedfs-quota`, SigV4, `s3:PutBucketQuota`) |
+| **Usage reporting** | `MinioAdminClient` | `RgwAdmin` | Cloudian admin API | S3 `ListObjectsV2` (MVP); Prometheus / SOSAPI `capacity.xml` (recommended) |
+
+**Cloudian HyperStore is the direct precedent.** It is an S3-compatible store
+that, like SeaweedFS, manages users via the **standard AWS IAM API** using the
+AWS IAM Java SDK (`com.amazonaws.services.identitymanagement`). Its driver
+(`CloudianHyperStoreObjectStoreDriverImpl`) and util
+(`CloudianHyperStoreUtil`) are the template this design follows almost line for
+line. Cloudian even validates the quota limitation the same way this design
+proposes for the MVP: `setBucketQuota` throws for any non-zero size and only
+accepts `0` (no quota).
+
+The SeaweedFS plugin is therefore a **simpler Cloudian** — same AWS S3 + IAM SDK
+clients, same store-details keys (`s3Url`, `iamUrl`, `accesskey`, `secretkey`),
+same IAM-user-with-restricted-policy pattern, but with no proprietary admin
+client at all (Cloudian has its own `CloudianClient` for its admin API; SeaweedFS
+needs only S3 + IAM). For quota, the plugin uses a narrow SeaweedFS S3 extension
+(see below); for usage reporting, it falls back to S3 `ListObjectsV2` in the MVP
+and recommends Prometheus or SOSAPI `capacity.xml` for production scale.
+
+### Quota via the S3 `?seaweedfs-quota` extension
+
+SeaweedFS supports bucket quota natively (server-side enforcement via a
+read-only flag when usage exceeds the limit). Rather than exposing the broad
+admin REST API (which would require a global bearer token and grant cluster-wide
+admin access), the integration uses a **narrow, scoped S3 subresource**:
+
+- `PUT /{bucket}?seaweedfs-quota` — set bucket quota (IAM permission `s3:PutBucketQuota`)
+- `GET /{bucket}?seaweedfs-quota` — get bucket quota (IAM permission `s3:GetBucketQuota`)
+
+**PUT request body** (JSON):
+```json
+{"quota_size": 100, "quota_unit": "GB", "quota_enabled": true}
+```
+
+**GET response body** (JSON):
+```json
+{"quota_size": 107374182400, "quota_unit": "B", "quota_enabled": true}
+```
+
+Note: GET always returns `quota_unit: "B"` and the absolute byte count, not
+the original unit. A disabled-but-retained quota returns a positive
+`quota_size` with `quota_enabled: false`.
+
+Quota is stored on the bucket's filer entry (positive = enabled, negative =
+disabled but retained, zero = no quota), matching the existing admin REST API
+behavior. When quota is cleared, the bucket's read-only flag is also lifted.
+
+**Authentication** uses the existing S3 SigV4 flow — no new global secret is
+needed. The CloudStack service credential (the `accesskey`/`secretkey` on the
+object store) is the admin credential used for all driver operations: bucket
+CRUD, IAM user provisioning, and quota management. It must have broad S3 and
+IAM permissions. The per-account IAM users created by `createUser` are the
+ones with restricted permissions (full S3 access except bucket
+creation/deletion). A future hardening could split quota management onto a
+separate credential scoped to only `s3:PutBucketQuota`/`s3:GetBucketQuota`,
+but the MVP uses the single admin credential for simplicity, matching how
+the MinIO and Ceph providers work.
+
+The plugin's `setBucketQuota` signs and sends the `PUT /{bucket}?seaweedfs-quota`
+request using the AWS SDK v1 `AWSS3V4Signer` for SigV4 signing, then sends the
+signed request via `java.net.http.HttpClient` (the AWS S3 SDK doesn't natively
+support custom subresources, so we sign manually and send the request
+ourselves). The `seaweedfs-quota` query parameter is included in the signed
+canonical query string.
+
+### Usage reporting
+
+`getAllBucketsUsage` must return a `Map<String, Long>` of bucket name → size.
+MinIO uses `MinioAdminClient.getDataUsageInfo`; Ceph uses
+`RgwAdmin.listBucketInfo`. SeaweedFS has no admin rollup endpoint, so the MVP
+plugin computes it by listing buckets and summing object sizes via S3
+`ListObjectsV2` — expensive for large stores.
+
+For production scale, SeaweedFS already exposes per-bucket size in:
+- **Prometheus metrics** (`bucket_size_bytes` gauge, refreshed every minute)
+- **SOSAPI `capacity.xml`** (reports capacity, available space, and usage
+  through the S3 endpoint)
+
+Operators should consume one of those instead of S3 list-based aggregation for
+large deployments. The MVP's list-based approach is correct but slow; flag it as
+a known limitation.
+
+## SeaweedFS API surface (what the plugin relies on)
+
+SeaweedFS exposes two relevant APIs, both AWS-compatible:
+
+### S3 API (`weed s3`)
+Full S3-compatible surface. Confirmed against the SeaweedFS S3 wiki and code:
+- `CreateBucket`, `HeadBucket`, `ListBuckets`, `DeleteBucket`
+- `PutBucketPolicy`, `GetBucketPolicy`, `DeleteBucketPolicy`
+- `PutBucketVersioning` (Enabled / Suspended), `GetBucketVersioning`
+- `PutBucketEncryption`, `GetBucketEncryption`, `DeleteBucketEncryption`
+- `PutBucketAcl`, `GetBucketAcl`
+- `ListObjectsV2`, `HeadObject`, `GetObject`, `PutObject`, `DeleteObject`
+- Bucket quota via extended attributes / `s3.bucket.quota` (enforced server-side,
+  surfaced as a read-only state when exceeded — see PR #10224)
+
+### IAM API (`weed iam` / `iamapi`)
+AWS IAM-compatible REST endpoints, implemented in `weed/iamapi/`. Confirmed by
+the test suite which uses the **AWS IAM SDK** (`aws-sdk-go/service/iam`) against
+the same handlers CloudStack would call:
+- `CreateUser`, `DeleteUser`, `ListUsers`, `GetUser`
+- `CreateAccessKey`, `DeleteAccessKey`, `ListAccessKeys`
+- `PutUserPolicy`, `GetUserPolicy`, `DeleteUserPolicy`
+- `AttachUserPolicy`, `ListAttachedUserPolicies`
+
+This means the CloudStack plugin can manage SeaweedFS users with the **AWS IAM
+Java SDK** (`com.amazonaws.services.identitymanagement.AmazonIdentityManagement`),
+exactly the way the AWS IAM Go SDK is used in SeaweedFS's own tests. No proprietary
+admin client is needed. **Cloudian HyperStore already does exactly this** in the
+CloudStack tree — the SeaweedFS plugin follows the same pattern.
+
+## Design
+
+### Module layout
+
+New CloudStack plugin module, mirroring `plugins/storage/object/cloudian/`
+(the closest precedent — same AWS S3 + IAM SDK approach):
+
+```
+plugins/storage/object/seaweedfs/
+  pom.xml
+  src/main/java/org/apache/cloudstack/storage/datastore/
+    driver/SeaweedFSObjectStoreDriverImpl.java
+    lifecycle/SeaweedFSObjectStoreLifeCycleImpl.java
+    provider/SeaweedFSObjectStoreProviderImpl.java
+    util/SeaweedFSObjectStoreUtil.java
+  src/test/java/org/apache/cloudstack/storage/datastore/
+    driver/SeaweedFSObjectStoreDriverImplTest.java
+    provider/SeaweedFSObjectStoreProviderImplTest.java
+  src/main/resources/META-INF/cloudstack/storage-object-seaweedfs/
+    module.properties
+    spring-storage-object-seaweedfs-context.xml
+```
+
+### `SeaweedFSObjectStoreProviderImpl`
+
+Direct copy of `MinIOObjectStoreProviderImpl` with `providerName = "SeaweedFS"`,
+injecting the SeaweedFS lifecycle and driver. Registers via
+`storeMgr.registerDriver`.
+
+### `SeaweedFSObjectStoreLifeCycleImpl`
+
+Copy of `MinIOObjectStoreLifeCycleImpl`. `initialize()` reads `url`, `name`,
+`accesskey`, `secretkey` from the `addObjectStoragePool` details map, tests the
+connection by calling `AmazonS3.listBuckets()` against the SeaweedFS S3 endpoint,
+and persists the `ObjectStoreVO`. No proprietary client needed — the AWS S3 SDK
+is enough for the health check.
+
+### `SeaweedFSObjectStoreDriverImpl`
+
+The substantive class. Uses two AWS SDK v1 clients (same dependency Ceph already
+pulls in, so no new CloudStack dependency):
+
+- `AmazonS3` for bucket operations (path-style, endpoint-pinned, `us-east-1`
+  region placeholder — same as Ceph's `getS3Client`)
+- `AmazonIdentityManagement` for user/credential operations, pointed at the
+  SeaweedFS IAM endpoint
+
+#### Bucket operations — straightforward S3
+
+| Interface method | Implementation |
+| --- | --- |
+| `createBucket` | `s3.createBucket(name)`; reject if `doesBucketExistV2`; persist access/secret key + URL on `BucketVO` (same as Ceph) |
+| `listBuckets` | `s3.listBuckets()` → wrap as `BucketObject` (same as Ceph) |
+| `deleteBucket` | `s3.deleteBucket(name)` (same as Ceph) |
+| `setBucketPolicy` | `s3.setBucketPolicy(...)` with the same public/private JSON the MinIO/Ceph drivers build |
+| `getBucketPolicy` / `deleteBucketPolicy` | `s3.getBucketPolicy` / `s3.deleteBucketPolicy` |
+| `setBucketVersioning` | `s3.setBucketVersioningConfiguration(Enabled)` |
+| `deleteBucketVersioning` | `s3.setBucketVersioningConfiguration(Suspended)` |
+| `setBucketEncryption` | `s3.setBucketEncryptionConfiguration(SSE-S3 rule)` |
+| `deleteBucketEncryption` | `s3.deleteBucketEncryptionConfiguration` |
+| `getBucketAcl` / `setBucketAcl` | no-op / null (same as MinIO and Ceph) |
+
+#### User creation — the key difference
+
+MinIO calls `MinioAdminClient.addUser`; Ceph calls `RgwAdmin.createUser`. SeaweedFS
+exposes the standard AWS IAM API, so the plugin calls:
+
+```java
+AmazonIdentityManagement iam = getIamClient(storeId);
+String userName = "acs-" + account.getUuid();
+
+// CreateUser (idempotent — check GetUser first, like Ceph does)
+iam.createUser(new CreateUserRequest(userName));
+
+// CreateAccessKey → returns the access key + secret key to persist
+CreateAccessKeyResult result = iam.createAccessKey(
+    new CreateAccessKeyRequest().withUserName(userName));
+AccessKey key = result.getAccessKey();
+
+// Persist per-account, same pattern as Ceph's CEPH_ACCESS_KEY/CEPH_SECRET_KEY
+details.put(SEAWEEDFS_ACCESS_KEY, key.getAccessKeyId());
+details.put(SEAWEEDFS_SECRET_KEY, key.getSecretAccessKey());
+_accountDetailsDao.persist(accountId, details);
+```
+
+This is the cleanest mapping of the three providers: no proprietary admin client,
+just the AWS IAM SDK that CloudStack already has access to. The IAM endpoint URL
+is provided as `iamUrl` in the store details. If `iamUrl` is omitted, the driver
+defaults it to `s3Url` — SeaweedFS registers its embedded IAM API at `POST /` on
+the same S3 endpoint (`UnifiedPostHandler` in `s3api_server.go`), so the IAM
+endpoint is the same as the S3 endpoint unless the deployment runs a separate
+`weed iam` server.
+
+#### Bucket quota — S3 `?seaweedfs-quota` extension
+
+This is the one genuine gap. MinIO and Ceph both have an admin API to set a
+per-bucket quota that the backend enforces. SeaweedFS enforces bucket quota
+server-side, but the configuration path was **not exposed over a standard S3 or
+IAM API** — it was only set via the admin REST API or shell commands.
+
+The integration adds a **narrow S3 subresource** to SeaweedFS:
+- `PUT /{bucket}?seaweedfs-quota` — set bucket quota (IAM permission `s3:PutBucketQuota`)
+- `GET /{bucket}?seaweedfs-quota` — get bucket quota (IAM permission `s3:GetBucketQuota`)
+
+This is implemented in SeaweedFS PR #11279. It uses SigV4 authentication and
+dedicated IAM permissions, so the CloudStack service credential can be scoped
+to quota management only — no global admin token, no cluster-wide admin access.
+The enforcement already exists (PR #10224); this PR only adds the HTTP
+configuration surface.
+
+An earlier approach (PR #11278, closed) added bearer-token auth to the broad
+admin REST API. After review, that was unnecessary for this integration —
+static S3 config plus standard S3 APIs plus one scoped quota mutation API is
+sufficient and far safer.
+
+> **Note on AWS tools compatibility.** `?seaweedfs-quota` is a SeaweedFS-specific
+> S3 subresource, not part of the AWS S3 API. Standard AWS tools (`aws s3api`,
+> `s3cmd`, `rclone`) cannot call it directly. This is the same limitation MinIO
+> and Ceph have — MinIO quota lives behind a separate admin API (`mc admin
+> bucket quota`), and Ceph quota lives behind the Admin Ops API
+> (`radosgw-admin quota set`). Neither is callable via `aws s3api` either.
+> SeaweedFS's approach is the closest to standard S3 because it uses the same
+> endpoint and same SigV4 credentials, just with a custom query parameter.
+> Interactive quota management remains available via `weed shell`; the S3
+> extension exists for programmatic integration (CloudStack) where the
+> integrator can sign SigV4 requests but cannot run shell commands.
+
+#### Usage reporting
+
+`getAllBucketsUsage` must return a `Map<String, Long>` of bucket name → size.
+MinIO uses `MinioAdminClient.getDataUsageInfo`; Ceph uses
+`RgwAdmin.listBucketInfo`. SeaweedFS has no admin rollup endpoint, so the MVP
+plugin computes it by listing buckets and summing object sizes via S3
+`ListObjectsV2` — expensive for large stores. Better options exist in
+SeaweedFS already:
+- **Prometheus metrics** (`bucket_size_bytes` gauge, refreshed every minute)
+- **SOSAPI `capacity.xml`** (reports capacity, available space, and usage
+  through the S3 endpoint — note: the current "return zero on backend error"
+  behavior should be validated before using it for billing)
+
+For the MVP, `listBuckets` + per-bucket size via the S3 API is correct but slow;
+flag it as a known limitation. Operators should consume Prometheus or SOSAPI
+for production-scale usage reporting.
+
+### Spring wiring
+
+`spring-storage-object-seaweedfs-context.xml` registers the provider bean,
+identical to the MinIO one. `module.properties` sets
+`name=storage-object-seaweedfs`, `parent=storage`.
+
+### `pom.xml`
+
+Depends on `aws-java-sdk-s3` and `aws-java-sdk-iam` — both already in the
+CloudStack dependency tree (Ceph uses the S3 SDK; the IAM SDK is the standard AWS
+bundle). No new third-party dependency, unlike MinIO which pulls in the MinIO
+Java client.
+
+## What changes on the SeaweedFS side
+
+**One narrow S3 extension is required for quota management.** SeaweedFS PR #11279
+adds the `?seaweedfs-quota` S3 subresource:
+
+- `PUT /{bucket}?seaweedfs-quota` — set bucket quota (IAM permission `s3:PutBucketQuota`)
+- `GET /{bucket}?seaweedfs-quota` — get bucket quota (IAM permission `s3:GetBucketQuota`)
+
+This is authenticated via standard S3 SigV4 and authorized via dedicated IAM
+permissions, so no global admin token is needed. The enforcement already exists
+(PR #10224); this PR only adds the HTTP configuration surface.
+
+One follow-up improvement on the SeaweedFS side would close the usage reporting
+gap:
+
+1. **Validate SOSAPI `capacity.xml` usage calculation** — the current "return
+   zero on backend error" behavior should be validated before using it for
+   billing. If reliable, CloudStack can consume it directly instead of
+   list-based aggregation.
+
+## Open questions for proIO / Swen
+
+1. **IAM endpoint path.** ~~Where does `weed iam` listen relative to the S3
+   endpoint in a typical proIO deployment?~~ **Resolved.** SeaweedFS registers
+   its embedded IAM API at `POST /` on the same S3 endpoint
+   (`UnifiedPostHandler`), so the driver defaults `iamUrl` to `s3Url`. A
+   separate `iamUrl` is only needed if the deployment runs a standalone
+   `weed iam` server on a different host/port.
+2. **Quota requirements.** Do proIO's customers need server-enforced per-bucket
+   quotas, or is CloudStack-side accounting sufficient for the first release?
+   The `?seaweedfs-quota` S3 extension (PR #11279) provides server-enforced
+   quotas via a scoped credential; this is the recommended path.
+3. **Object Lock.** `createBucket` takes an `objectLock` boolean. MinIO supports
+   it; Ceph ignores it. SeaweedFS has Object Lock support. Should the plugin pass
+   it through?
+4. **Contribution model.** Does proIO want to submit the PR to
+   `apache/cloudstack` themselves (with SeaweedFS maintainers as reviewers), or
+   the reverse? Apache CloudStack requires an ICLA for non-trivial contributions.
+
+## Files
+
+All in the `apache/cloudstack` repo (new module):
+
+| File | Purpose |
+| --- | --- |
+| `plugins/storage/object/seaweedfs/pom.xml` | Maven module |
+| `.../datastore/util/SeaweedFSObjectStoreUtil.java` | S3 + IAM client builders, constants, URL validators |
+| `.../datastore/provider/SeaweedFSObjectStoreProviderImpl.java` | Spring provider registration |
+| `.../datastore/lifecycle/SeaweedFSObjectStoreLifeCycleImpl.java` | Pool add/health-check |
+| `.../datastore/driver/SeaweedFSObjectStoreDriverImpl.java` | Bucket + user ops via S3 + IAM SDK |
+| `.../resources/META-INF/cloudstack/storage-object-seaweedfs/module.properties` | Module name |
+| `.../resources/META-INF/cloudstack/storage-object-seaweedfs/spring-storage-object-seaweedfs-context.xml` | Spring bean |
+| `plugins/pom.xml` | Register `storage/object/seaweedfs` module |
+
+No files in `seaweedfs/seaweedfs` for the MVP.
+
+### SeaweedFS-side changes (PR #11279)
+
+| File | Purpose |
+| --- | --- |
+| `weed/s3api/s3_constants/s3_action_strings.go` | Add `S3_ACTION_PUT_BUCKET_QUOTA` and `S3_ACTION_GET_BUCKET_QUOTA` |
+| `weed/s3api/s3_constants/s3_actions.go` | Add coarse-grained `ACTION_PUT_BUCKET_QUOTA` and `ACTION_GET_BUCKET_QUOTA` |
+| `weed/s3api/s3_action_resolver.go` | Map `seaweedfs-quota` query param to fine-grained s3: actions |
+| `weed/s3api/s3api_bucket_quota_handlers.go` | New — `PutBucketQuotaHandler` and `GetBucketQuotaHandler` |
+| `weed/s3api/s3api_bucket_quota_handlers_test.go` | New — tests for unit conversion, validation, and error paths |
+| `weed/s3api/s3api_server.go` | Register the two routes in the bucket subrouter |

docker/Dockerfile.go_build

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ RUN cd /go/src/github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs && \
       git checkout $BRANCH) || \
      (echo "ERROR: Branch/commit $BRANCH not found in repository" && \
       echo "Available branches:" && git branch -a && exit 1))
+# seaweed-common only exists on revisions that have it; a BRANCH predating it
+# still needs the directory so the COPY into rust_builder below never fails.
+RUN mkdir -p /go/src/github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/seaweed-common
 ARG TARGETOS TARGETARCH TARGETVARIANT
 RUN cd /go/src/github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed \
   && export LDFLAGS="-X github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/version.COMMIT=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" \
@@ -31,6 +34,9 @@ ARG TAGS
 COPY weed-volume-prebuilt/ /prebuilt/
 COPY weed-worker-prebuilt/ /prebuilt-worker/
 COPY --from=builder /go/src/github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/seaweed-volume /build/seaweed-volume
+# seaweed-common is a path dependency of seaweed-volume that lives beside it,
+# so the source build below needs it in the same relative position.
+COPY --from=builder /go/src/github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/seaweed-common /build/seaweed-common
 COPY --from=builder /go/src/github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed /build/weed
 WORKDIR /build/seaweed-volume
 RUN if [ -f "/prebuilt/weed-volume-${TARGETARCH}" ]; then \

docker/README.md

@@ -31,6 +31,49 @@ docker compose -f seaweedfs-dev-compose.yml -p seaweedfs up
 
 ```
 
+## Verify an image signature
+
+Every image CI pushes to `chrislusf/seaweedfs` and `ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs` is signed with [cosign](https://docs.sigstore.dev/cosign/verifying/verify/), keyless, by the GitHub Actions workflow that built it, so there is no key to fetch or pin. The signature is attached to the image digest and covers the multi-arch index and each platform image in it; `latest` is the release image under another tag and verifies the same way. Images published before September 2026 predate signing.
+
+```bash
+cosign verify \
+  --certificate-oidc-issuer https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com \
+  --certificate-identity-regexp '^https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/\.github/workflows/container_release_unified\.yml@' \
+  chrislusf/seaweedfs:latest
+```
+
+cosign prints the digest it verified. Deploy by that digest, or let an admission controller resolve the tag, so what runs is what was checked.
+
+The identity is `https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/.github/workflows/<workflow>@<ref>`. The ref is `refs/tags/<version>` for a release and `refs/heads/master` when a variant was republished by hand. The workflow is `container_release_unified.yml` for the release images, `container_dev.yml` for `dev`, `container_latest.yml` for a `latest` rebuilt by hand, `container_release_foundationdb.yml` for the `_large_disk_foundationdb` release image, and `container_foundationdb_version.yml` or `container_rocksdb_version.yml` for the per-version builds. The regexp above accepts release images only; `container_[a-z_]+\.yml@` accepts everything this repository publishes, `dev` included.
+
+The same check as a Kyverno policy, release images only:
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
+kind: ClusterPolicy
+metadata:
+  name: verify-seaweedfs-images
+spec:
+  validationFailureAction: Enforce
+  webhookTimeoutSeconds: 30
+  rules:
+    - name: signed-by-the-release-workflow
+      match:
+        any:
+          - resources:
+              kinds:
+                - Pod
+      verifyImages:
+        - imageReferences:
+            - "docker.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:*"
+            - "ghcr.io/chrislusf/seaweedfs:*"
+          attestors:
+            - entries:
+                - keyless:
+                    issuer: https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com
+                    subject: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/.github/workflows/container_release_unified.yml@refs/tags/*
+```
+
 ## Local Development
 
 ```bash

docker/admin_integration/Dockerfile.local

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 FROM alpine:latest
 
 # Install required packages
-RUN apk add --no-cache \
+RUN apk upgrade --no-cache && \
+    apk add --no-cache \
     ca-certificates \
     fuse \
     curl \
-    jq
+    jq \
+    libcrypto3 \
+    libssl3
 
 # Copy our locally built binary
 COPY weed-local /usr/bin/weed

docker/compose/master-cloud.toml

@@ -30,3 +30,5 @@ sleep_minutes = 17          # sleep minutes between each script execution
 	bucket = "volume_bucket"    # an existing bucket
 	endpoint = "http://server2:8333"
 	storage_class = "STANDARD_IA"
+	# upload_concurrency = 5     # concurrent multipart part uploads per volume (volume.tier.upload -concurrent overrides)
+	# download_concurrency = 5   # concurrent multipart part downloads per volume (volume.tier.download -concurrent overrides)

go.mod

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 module github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs
 
-go 1.26
+go 1.26.6
 
 require (
 	cloud.google.com/go v0.123.0 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/pubsub v1.51.1
-	cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.64.0
+	cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.67.0
 	github.com/Shopify/sarama v1.38.1
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.55.8
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
-	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
+	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.1.0
 	github.com/eapache/go-resiliency v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/eapache/go-xerial-snappy v0.0.0-20230731223053-c322873962e3 // indirect
 	github.com/eapache/queue v1.1.0 // indirect
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/facebookgo/subset v0.0.0-20200203212716-c811ad88dec4 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-redsync/redsync/v4 v4.17.0
-	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.10.0
+	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.10.1
 	github.com/go-zookeeper/zk v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4
 	github.com/golang/snappy v1.0.0
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12
 	github.com/karlseguin/ccache/v2 v2.0.8
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.1
-	github.com/klauspost/reedsolomon v1.14.1
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.20.1
+	github.com/klauspost/reedsolomon v1.14.2
 	github.com/kurin/blazer v0.5.3
 	github.com/linxGnu/grocksdb v1.10.8
 	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.9.2 // indirect
@@ -59,21 +59,21 @@ require (
 	github.com/posener/complete v1.2.3
 	github.com/pquerna/cachecontrol v0.2.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.24.1
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.70.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.21.1
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.3
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.71.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.22.0
 	github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics v0.0.0-20201227073835-cf1acfcdf475 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
-	github.com/seaweedfs/goexif v2.0.0+incompatible
-	github.com/seaweedfs/raft v1.2.0
+	github.com/seaweedfs/goexif v1.0.3
+	github.com/seaweedfs/raft v1.2.1
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/afero v1.15.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/viper v1.21.0
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.12.1
 	github.com/stvp/tempredis v0.0.0-20181119212430-b82af8480203
 	github.com/syndtr/goleveldb v1.0.1-0.20190318030020-c3a204f8e965
-	github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.18.0
+	github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.19.0
 	github.com/tidwall/match v1.2.0
 	github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tsuna/gohbase v0.0.0-20201125011725-348991136365
@@ -90,18 +90,18 @@ require (
 	gocloud.dev v0.46.0
 	gocloud.dev/pubsub/natspubsub v0.46.0
 	gocloud.dev/pubsub/rabbitpubsub v0.46.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.55.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.58.0
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20260709172345-9ea1abe57597
-	golang.org/x/image v0.44.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.58.0
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.41.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.48.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/image v0.46.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.61.0
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.37.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.49.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.43.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.51.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20240903120638-7835f813f4da // indirect
-	google.golang.org/api v0.294.0
+	google.golang.org/api v0.297.0
 	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260715232425-e75dac1f907d // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.85.0-dev
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.85.0-dev.0.20260915183914-4e49413dcab7
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.12
 	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/b v1.0.0 // indirect
@@ -111,55 +111,56 @@ require (
 )
 
 require (
-	cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.33.0
+	cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.35.0
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/keyvault/azkeys v0.10.0
 	github.com/DATA-DOG/go-sqlmock v1.5.2
 	github.com/Jille/raft-grpc-transport v1.6.1
 	github.com/ThreeDotsLabs/watermill v1.5.2
 	github.com/a-h/templ v0.3.1020
 	github.com/apache/cassandra-gocql-driver/v2 v2.1.2
-	github.com/apache/iceberg-go v0.6.0
+	github.com/apache/iceberg-go v0.7.0
 	github.com/apple/foundationdb/bindings/go v0.0.0-20250911184653-27f7192f47c3
 	github.com/arangodb/go-driver v1.6.9
 	github.com/armon/go-metrics v0.4.1
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.45.1
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.33
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.34
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.105.2
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.47.1
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.33.6
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.20.6
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.114.1
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0
 	github.com/cognusion/imaging v1.0.4
 	github.com/fluent/fluent-logger-golang v1.10.1
-	github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.48.0
-	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.13
+	github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.49.0
+	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.14
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1
 	github.com/google/flatbuffers/go v0.0.0-20230108230133-3b8644d32c50
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7
-	github.com/hashicorp/raft v1.7.3
-	github.com/hashicorp/raft-boltdb/v2 v2.3.1
+	github.com/hashicorp/raft v1.8.0
+	github.com/hashicorp/raft-boltdb/v2 v2.4.2
 	github.com/hashicorp/vault/api v1.23.0
-	github.com/jhump/protoreflect v1.18.0
+	github.com/jhump/protoreflect v1.18.1
 	github.com/linkedin/goavro/v2 v2.15.0
 	github.com/minio/crc64nvme v1.1.1
 	github.com/orcaman/concurrent-map/v2 v2.0.1
 	github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go v0.32.0
 	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.13.11
-	github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go v1.14.0
-	github.com/rclone/rclone v1.75.0
+	github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go v1.15.0
+	github.com/rclone/rclone v1.75.1
 	github.com/rdleal/intervalst v1.5.0
-	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.21.0
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.22.0
 	github.com/schollz/progressbar/v3 v3.19.1
 	github.com/seaweedfs/go-fuse/v2 v2.9.4
 	github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.26.7
 	github.com/tarantool/go-option v1.1.0
-	github.com/tarantool/go-tarantool/v3 v3.0.1
-	github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go v0.43.0
+	github.com/tarantool/go-tarantool/v3 v3.0.2
+	github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go v0.44.0
 	github.com/tikv/client-go/v2 v2.0.7
+	github.com/twmb/avro v1.9.0
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0
-	github.com/ydb-platform/ydb-go-sdk-auth-environ v0.5.2
+	github.com/ydb-platform/ydb-go-sdk-auth-environ v0.5.3
 	github.com/ydb-platform/ydb-go-sdk/v3 v3.151.1
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.7.1
-	go.uber.org/atomic v1.11.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0
+	go.uber.org/atomic v1.12.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.24.0
 	golang.org/x/tools/godoc v0.1.0-deprecated
 	google.golang.org/grpc/security/advancedtls v1.0.0
 )
@@ -167,9 +168,6 @@ require (
 require github.com/k0kubun/colorstring v0.0.0-20150214042306-9440f1994b88 // indirect
 
 require (
-	atomicgo.dev/cursor v0.2.0 // indirect
-	atomicgo.dev/keyboard v0.2.9 // indirect
-	atomicgo.dev/schedule v0.1.0 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v1.2.0 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/pubsub/v2 v2.6.0 // indirect
 	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2 // indirect
@@ -177,16 +175,18 @@ require (
 	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c // indirect
 	github.com/FilenCloudDienste/filen-sdk-go v0.0.39 // indirect
 	github.com/ProtonMail/gopenpgp/v3 v3.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/RoaringBitmap/roaring/v2 v2.26.0 // indirect
 	github.com/a1ex3/zstd-seekable-format-go/pkg v0.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/adrg/xdg v0.5.3 // indirect
 	github.com/anchore/go-lzo v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.1 // indirect
-	github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18 v18.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18 v18.8.0 // indirect
 	github.com/apache/thrift v0.24.0 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.5.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.10.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bahlo/generic-list-go v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/bazelbuild/rules_go v0.46.0 // indirect
 	github.com/biogo/store v0.0.0-20201120204734-aad293a2328f // indirect
+	github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.24.4 // indirect
 	github.com/blevesearch/snowballstem v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/boombuler/barcode v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/buger/jsonparser v1.2.0 // indirect
@@ -197,7 +197,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20241215232642-bb51bb14a506 // indirect
 	github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/cockroachdb/version v0.0.0-20250314144055-3860cd14adf2 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
@@ -206,16 +205,16 @@ require (
 	github.com/dave/dst v0.27.2 // indirect
 	github.com/diskfs/go-diskfs v1.9.4 // indirect
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dromara/dongle v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/geoarrow/geoarrow-go v0.0.0-20260403143023-f54751c3e3a1 // indirect
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.11.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 // indirect
+	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8 // indirect
 	github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5 v5.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/geo v0.0.0-20210211234256-740aa86cb551 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/gookit/color v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gopherjs/gopherjs v1.17.2 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.16.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-rootcerts v1.0.2 // indirect
@@ -233,19 +232,19 @@ require (
 	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lib/pq v1.12.0 // indirect
-	github.com/lithammer/fuzzysearch v1.1.8 // indirect
 	github.com/lithammer/shortuuid/v3 v3.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/lpar/calendar v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.10 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/go-archive v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/moby/api v1.54.2 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/moby/client v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/moby/api v1.55.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/moby/client v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/user v0.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/userns v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/term v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/mschoch/smat v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/oklog/ulid/v2 v2.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1 // indirect
@@ -255,12 +254,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/petermattis/goid v0.0.0-20260113132338-7c7de50cc741 // indirect
 	github.com/pierrre/geohash v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pquerna/otp v1.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pterm/pterm v0.12.83 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/rclone/Proton-API-Bridge v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/rclone/go-proton-api v1.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/rclone/Proton-API-Bridge v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/rclone/go-proton-api v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.15.0 // indirect
-	github.com/rwcarlsen/goexif v0.0.0-20190401172101-9e8deecbddbd // indirect
 	github.com/ryanuber/go-glob v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sasha-s/go-deadlock v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/smarty/assertions v1.15.0 // indirect
@@ -269,7 +266,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/substrait-io/substrait v0.87.0 // indirect
 	github.com/substrait-io/substrait-go/v8 v8.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/substrait-io/substrait-protobuf/go v0.85.0 // indirect
-	github.com/twmb/avro v1.7.2 // indirect
 	github.com/twpayne/go-geom v1.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/twpayne/go-kml/v3 v3.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/tyler-smith/go-bip39 v1.1.0 // indirect
@@ -277,66 +273,65 @@ require (
 	github.com/wk8/go-ordered-map/v2 v2.1.8 // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
-	github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e // indirect
 	github.com/zeebo/xxh3 v1.1.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.42.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/zipkin v1.36.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.10.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.45.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.45.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/zipkin v1.45.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/mock v0.5.2 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.4 // indirect
-	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.38.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.41.0 // indirect
 	gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.17.0 // indirect
 )
 
 require (
-	cel.dev/expr v0.25.2 // indirect
+	cel.dev/expr v0.25.3 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.23.2 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.12.0 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/monitoring v1.30.0 // indirect
 	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.22.0
-	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.14.0
+	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.23.1
+	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.14.1
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob v1.8.0
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azfile v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v1.7.2 // indirect
+	github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v1.8.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Files-com/files-sdk-go/v3 v3.3.194 // indirect
-	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/detectors/gcp v1.34.0 // indirect
+	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/detectors/gcp v1.35.0 // indirect
 	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/exporter/metric v0.57.0 // indirect
 	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/internal/resourcemapping v0.57.0 // indirect
 	github.com/IBM/go-sdk-core/v5 v5.23.1 // indirect
 	github.com/Max-Sum/base32768 v0.0.0-20230304063302-18e6ce5945fd // indirect
-	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.3-0.20251027160822-ad3df93bed29 // indirect
 	github.com/ProtonMail/bcrypt v0.0.0-20211005172633-e235017c1baf // indirect
 	github.com/ProtonMail/gluon v0.17.1-0.20230724134000-308be39be96e // indirect
 	github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ProtonMail/go-srp v0.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/abbot/go-http-auth v0.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/andybalholm/cascadia v1.3.4 // indirect
 	github.com/appscode/go-querystring v0.0.0-20170504095604-0126cfb3f1dc // indirect
 	github.com/arangodb/go-velocypack v0.0.0-20200318135517-5af53c29c67e // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.14 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.35 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.20 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.20.1 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/s3/manager v1.22.34 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.35 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.35 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a v1.4.36 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.15 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum v1.9.23 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.35 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared v1.19.31 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.5.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.8.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a v1.5.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.19 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum v1.11.5 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.14.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared v1.20.4 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sns v1.39.14 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sqs v1.42.24 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.33.4 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.38.4 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.45.4
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.38.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.43.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.51.1
 	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.28.1
 	github.com/boltdb/bolt v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bradenaw/juniper v0.15.3 // indirect
@@ -359,9 +354,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/elastic/gosigar v0.14.3 // indirect
 	github.com/emersion/go-message v0.18.2 // indirect
 	github.com/emersion/go-vcard v0.0.0-20260618161152-d854b7e0e2d3 // indirect
-	github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy v1.37.0 // indirect
+	github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy v1.39.1-0.20260819172001-e6e3fd93e4be // indirect
 	github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.3.3 // indirect
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.19.0 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/flynn/noise v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.13 // indirect
@@ -369,7 +364,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-darwin/apfs v0.0.0-20211011131704-f84b94dbf348 // indirect
 	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.22.8 // indirect
@@ -384,7 +379,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4 v4.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.9 // indirect
-	github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.20 // indirect
+	github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.21 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/schema v1.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/securecookie v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/sessions v1.4.0
@@ -393,10 +388,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog v1.6.3 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix v1.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-metrics v0.5.4 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-msgpack/v2 v2.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-metrics v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-msgpack/v2 v2.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.8 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jcmturner/aescts/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jcmturner/dnsutils/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jcmturner/goidentity/v6 v6.0.1 // indirect
@@ -434,10 +429,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/v65 v65.121.0 // indirect
 	github.com/panjf2000/ants/v2 v2.12.1 // indirect
 	github.com/patrickmn/go-cache v2.1.0+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 // indirect
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/pengsrc/go-shared v0.2.1-0.20190131101655-1999055a4a14 // indirect
 	github.com/philhofer/fwd v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.28
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.29
 	github.com/pingcap/errors v0.11.5-0.20211224045212-9687c2b0f87c // indirect
 	github.com/pingcap/failpoint v0.0.0-20220801062533-2eaa32854a6c // indirect
 	github.com/pingcap/kvproto v0.0.0-20230403051650-e166ae588106 // indirect
@@ -474,10 +469,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/winfsp/cgofuse v1.6.1-0.20260126094232-f2c4fccdb286
 	github.com/xanzy/ssh-agent v0.3.3 // indirect
-	github.com/yandex-cloud/go-genproto v0.0.0-20211115083454-9ca41db5ed9e // indirect
+	github.com/yandex-cloud/go-genproto v0.0.0-20240819112322-98a264d392f6 // indirect
 	github.com/ydb-platform/ydb-go-genproto v0.0.0-20260810122915-65bfd5c4b705 // indirect
-	github.com/ydb-platform/ydb-go-yc v0.12.1 // indirect
-	github.com/ydb-platform/ydb-go-yc-metadata v0.6.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ydb-platform/ydb-go-yc v0.12.5 // indirect
+	github.com/ydb-platform/ydb-go-yc-metadata v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/yunify/qingstor-sdk-go/v3 v3.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4 // indirect
 	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.4 // indirect
@@ -485,19 +480,19 @@ require (
 	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.5.0 // indirect
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.7.1 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/detectors/gcp v1.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.68.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.69.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/detectors/gcp v1.45.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.69.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.70.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.46.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.46.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.46.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.46.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.46.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.1 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.45.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260715232425-e75dac1f907d // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.47.0
+	golang.org/x/time v0.16.0
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260817212433-ac3dfec99bb1 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260819154853-08b0e4226688 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/validator.v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
@@ -516,13 +511,6 @@ require (
 
 // replace github.com/seaweedfs/raft => /Users/chrislu/go/src/github.com/seaweedfs/raft
 
-// apache/thrift v0.23.0 fixes CVE-2026-41602 but compares int against the
-// untyped math.MaxUint32 in lib/go/thrift/framed_transport.go, which overflows
-// int on 32-bit GOARCHes (e.g. openbsd/arm, linux/arm) and fails to compile.
-// Upstream fixed the range check post-release; pin to that commit until the
-// next tagged release carries both the CVE fix and the 32-bit fix.
-replace github.com/apache/thrift => github.com/apache/thrift v0.23.1-0.20260429145742-d2acd3c49e58
-
 // tyler-smith/go-bip39 was deleted from GitHub, so `go mod download` fails for
 // anyone resolving it directly (GOPROXY=direct). It only reaches us transitively
 // through rclone's internxt backend, which calls IsMnemonicValid and NewSeed.

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/Chart.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 apiVersion: v1
 description: SeaweedFS
 name: seaweedfs
-appVersion: "4.44"
+appVersion: "4.48"
 # Dev note: Trigger a helm chart release by `git tag -a helm-<version>`
-version: 4.44.0
+version: 4.48.2

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/README.md

@@ -27,6 +27,19 @@ so your deployment will be spread/HA.
 * cert config exists and can be enabled, but not been tested, requires cert-manager to be installed.
 
 ## Prerequisites
+
+The chart's templates render with Helm 3.16.3 and newer versions tested in CI.
+Earlier Helm versions are not covered by this chart's compatibility checks.
+When JWT signing is enabled, a live upgrade reuses keys from the existing
+security ConfigMap (including the legacy ConfigMap name); a key absent from
+that ConfigMap is generated. Plain `helm template` does not read cluster state;
+use an install and upgrade against a cluster to check key persistence.
+
+The key reader supports single-line quoted TOML strings in JWT sections,
+including indented assignments, quoted key names, and bare or simply quoted
+section-name segments. An unsupported value or quoted header fails the upgrade
+rather than silently rotating a key.
+
 ### Database
 
 leveldb is the default database, this supports multiple filer replicas that will [sync automatically](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-Store-Replication), with some [limitations](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/wiki/Filer-Store-Replication#limitation).
@@ -286,7 +299,7 @@ metadata:
     app.kubernetes.io/component: s3
 stringData:
   # this key must be an inline json config file
-  seaweedfs_s3_config: '{"identities":[{"name":"anvAdmin","credentials":[{"accessKey":"snu8yoP6QAlY0ne4","secretKey":"PNzBcmeLNEdR0oviwm04NQAicOrDH1Km"}],"actions":["Admin","Read","Write"]},{"name":"anvReadOnly","credentials":[{"accessKey":"SCigFee6c5lbi04A","secretKey":"kgFhbT38R8WUYVtiFQ1OiSVOrYr3NKku"}],"actions":["Read"]}]}'
+  seaweedfs_s3_config: '{"identities":[{"name":"anvAdmin","credentials":[{"accessKey":"snu8yoP6QAlY0ne4","secretKey":"PNzBcmeLNEdR0oviwm04NQAicOrDH1Km"}],"actions":["Admin","Read","Write"]},{"name":"anvReadOnly","credentials":[{"accessKey":"SCigFee6c5lbi04A","secretKey":"kgFhbT38R8WUYVtiFQ1OiSVOrYr3NKku"}],"actions":["Read","List"]}]}'
 ```
 
 #### Source S3 credentials from an existing Secret
@@ -363,6 +376,30 @@ If `adminPassword` is empty or not set, the admin interface runs without authent
 
 As an alternative, a kubernetes Secret can be used (`admin.secret.existingSecret`).
 
+### Admin listen address
+
+Since SeaweedFS 4.46, `weed admin` defaults to listening on loopback (`127.0.0.1`).
+The chart's httpGet readiness/liveness probes dial the pod IP, so the admin
+server must bind a non-loopback address for the probes to succeed. The chart
+therefore passes `-ip={{ .Values.admin.ip }}`, defaulting `admin.ip` to `0.0.0.0`
+(the pre-4.46 behaviour of listening on all interfaces).
+
+Binding a non-loopback address requires authentication: `weed admin` refuses to
+start on a non-loopback address without `-adminPassword`, so the chart fails at
+render time if `admin.ip` is non-loopback and authentication is not configured via
+`admin.secret.adminPassword`, `admin.secret.existingSecret`, or
+`WEED_ADMIN_PASSWORD` supplied through `admin.extraEnvironmentVars` /
+`admin.secretExtraEnvironmentVars`. Setting `admin.allowInsecureBind` renders
+`-allowInsecureBind` and bypasses this guard; it leaves the admin API
+unauthenticated on the network, so use it only when access is otherwise
+restricted (e.g. network policies). The whole `127.0.0.0/8` range and `::1` are
+treated as loopback (matching `weed admin`); `localhost` is treated as
+non-loopback. Set `admin.ip` to a loopback address only if you also replace the
+httpGet probes (e.g. with an `exec` probe that checks `127.0.0.1`).
+
+The `-ip` flag requires SeaweedFS 4.46 or newer; pinning `admin.imageOverride`
+to an older image is not supported with this chart version.
+
 ### Admin Data Persistence
 
 The admin component can store configuration and maintenance data. You can configure storage in several ways:
@@ -505,6 +542,26 @@ helm install seaweedfs-worker-vacuum seaweedfs/seaweedfs -f values-worker-vacuum
 helm install seaweedfs-worker-balance seaweedfs/seaweedfs -f values-worker-balance.yaml
 ```
 
+## Gateway API
+
+Every component with an `ingress` block (master, volume, filer, s3 and admin) can also be exposed through a [Gateway API](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/) `HTTPRoute`, for clusters that route through a Gateway instead of an Ingress controller. `<component>.httpRoute` sits next to `<component>.ingress` and is disabled by default. The chart does not create the Gateway, so point `parentRefs` at one that already exists, and the `gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1` CRDs must be installed.
+
+```yaml
+s3:
+  httpRoute:
+    enabled: true
+    parentRefs:
+      - group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+        kind: Gateway
+        name: my-gateway
+        namespace: gateway-system
+        sectionName: https
+    hostnames:
+      - s3.example.com
+```
+
+With `rules` left empty the route sends all traffic to the component's own Service and port. A rule may set `matches`, `filters`, `timeouts` and `backendRefs`, and a rule without `backendRefs` still routes to that Service. In all-in-one mode the master, volume, filer and s3 routes target the all-in-one Service. When S3 runs only on the filer (`filer.s3.enabled` without `s3.enabled`), the s3 route uses `filer.s3.port`.
+
 ## Network Policies
 
 In a namespace with a default-deny policy the install hangs: the components cannot resolve each other, and the post-install bucket hook waits on the master and filer until it gives up. `networkPolicy.enabled` renders one `NetworkPolicy` per component, selecting its pods by the standard `app.kubernetes.io/{name,instance,component}` labels and admitting traffic from the other pods of the release on the ports that component listens on.
@@ -546,6 +603,23 @@ Two things worth knowing before you turn this on:
 
 The DNS selectors default to CoreDNS as kubeadm, kind and the managed offerings from AWS, Google and Azure install it. On OpenShift, override `egress.dnsNamespaceSelector` and `egress.dnsPodSelector` to match `openshift-dns`; see the comment in `values.yaml`.
 
+## Pod and container security contexts
+
+Pod and container security contexts are configurable independently for every built-in workload and remain empty by default for backwards compatibility. The examples in `values.yaml` show how to enable a `RuntimeDefault` seccomp profile, disable privilege escalation and privileged mode, drop all Linux capabilities, and use a read-only root filesystem.
+
+SeaweedFS uses `/tmp` for Unix sockets, temporary uploads, worker task files, and other runtime data. When `readOnlyRootFilesystem` is enabled for a built-in component, the chart mounts a writable `emptyDir` at `/tmp` for its chart-managed containers. Its optional size limit can be configured globally:
+
+```yaml
+global:
+  seaweedfs:
+    tmpDir:
+      sizeLimit: 1Gi
+```
+
+The chart does not enable `runAsNonRoot` by default because its default `hostPath` storage may be owned by root. To enforce the Kubernetes `restricted` Pod Security Standard, use storage that is writable by a non-root user and configure `runAsNonRoot` or use the OpenShift overrides below.
+
+Security contexts configured for a component also apply to the chart-managed helper containers for that component. User-provided init containers and sidecars must define their own container security context and writable mounts.
+
 ## OpenShift Support
 
 SeaweedFS can be deployed on OpenShift or any cluster enforcing the Kubernetes "restricted" Pod Security Standard. By default, OpenShift blocks containers that run as root or use `hostPath` volumes.
@@ -554,6 +628,7 @@ To deploy on OpenShift, use the provided `openshift-values.yaml` which overrides
 1. Use `PersistentVolumeClaims` instead of `hostPath`.
 2. Enable `runAsNonRoot` and omit hardcoded UIDs to allow OpenShift to assign valid UIDs automatically.
 3. Apply appropriate `seccompProfile` and drop capabilities.
+4. Use a read-only root filesystem with writable temporary storage at `/tmp`.
 
 Usage:
 ```bash

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/ci/admin-values.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Admin install: exercises the admin StatefulSet, which passes -ip (default
+# 0.0.0.0) and therefore requires authentication to bind a non-loopback address.
+admin:
+  enabled: true
+  secret:
+    adminUser: "admin"
+    adminPassword: "ci-admin-password"

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/openshift-values.yaml

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #      automatically assign a valid UID from the namespace's allocated range.
 #   3. Dropping all Linux capabilities and setting allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
 #   4. Enabling RuntimeDefault seccompProfile
+#   5. Using a read-only root filesystem with writable temporary storage
 #
 # Usage:
 #   helm install seaweedfs seaweedfs/seaweedfs \
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ master:
   containerSecurityContext:
     enabled: true
     allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+    readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
     capabilities:
       drop: ["ALL"]
     runAsNonRoot: true
@@ -76,6 +78,7 @@ volume:
   containerSecurityContext:
     enabled: true
     allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+    readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
     capabilities:
       drop: ["ALL"]
     runAsNonRoot: true
@@ -101,6 +104,7 @@ filer:
   containerSecurityContext:
     enabled: true
     allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+    readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
     capabilities:
       drop: ["ALL"]
     runAsNonRoot: true
@@ -125,6 +129,7 @@ s3:
   containerSecurityContext:
     enabled: true
     allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+    readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
     capabilities:
       drop: ["ALL"]
     runAsNonRoot: true

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/admin/admin-httproute.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{{- if and .Values.admin.enabled .Values.admin.httpRoute.enabled }}
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: {{ include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "admin") }}
+  namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
+  {{- with .Values.admin.httpRoute.annotations }}
+  annotations:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  labels:
+    app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ template "seaweedfs.name" . }}
+    helm.sh/chart: {{ .Chart.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Version | replace "+" "_" }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/component: admin
+    {{- with .Values.admin.httpRoute.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
+spec:
+  {{- with .Values.admin.httpRoute.parentRefs }}
+  parentRefs:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  {{- with .Values.admin.httpRoute.hostnames }}
+  hostnames:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  rules:
+    {{- range .Values.admin.httpRoute.rules | default (list dict) }}
+    - backendRefs:
+        {{- with .backendRefs }}
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+        {{- else }}
+        - group: ""
+          kind: Service
+          name: {{ include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list $ "admin") }}
+          namespace: {{ $.Release.Namespace }}
+          port: {{ $.Values.admin.port }}
+          weight: 1
+        {{- end }}
+      {{- with .matches }}
+      matches:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+      {{- with .filters }}
+      filters:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+      {{- with .timeouts }}
+      timeouts:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+    {{- end }}
+{{- end }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/admin/admin-ingress.yaml

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ metadata:
     app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
     app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
     app.kubernetes.io/component: admin
+    {{- with .Values.admin.ingress.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
 spec:
   {{- if and (semverCompare ">=1.18-0" .Capabilities.KubeVersion.GitVersion) .Values.admin.ingress.className }}
   ingressClassName: {{ .Values.admin.ingress.className | quote }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/admin/admin-statefulset.yaml

@@ -6,6 +6,11 @@
 {{- if and (not .Values.admin.masters) (not .Values.global.seaweedfs.masterServer) (not .Values.master.enabled) }}
 {{- fail "admin.masters or global.seaweedfs.masterServer must be set if master.enabled is false" -}}
 {{- end }}
+{{- $adminAuthEnabled := include "seaweedfs.admin.authEnabled" . }}
+{{- $adminIp := .Values.admin.ip | default "0.0.0.0" }}
+{{- if and (not (include "seaweedfs.admin.isLoopbackIp" $adminIp)) (ne $adminAuthEnabled "true") }}
+{{- fail (printf "admin.ip is set to %q (non-loopback) but admin authentication is not configured. Since `weed admin` 4.46 refuses to bind a non-loopback address without authentication, the admin container would exit on startup. Set admin.secret.adminPassword or admin.secret.existingSecret, or supply WEED_ADMIN_PASSWORD via admin.extraEnvironmentVars / admin.secretExtraEnvironmentVars, or set admin.ip to a loopback address such as 127.0.0.1 (note: a loopback bind makes the chart's httpGet readiness/liveness probes fail), or set admin.allowInsecureBind to true to opt out via -allowInsecureBind (INSECURE: exposes the admin API unauthenticated on the network)." $adminIp) -}}
+{{- end }}
 apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: StatefulSet
 metadata:
@@ -162,6 +167,7 @@ spec:
               -v={{ .Values.global.seaweedfs.loggingLevel }} \
               {{- end }}
               admin \
+              -ip={{ .Values.admin.ip | default "0.0.0.0" }} \
               -port={{ .Values.admin.port }} \
               -port.grpc={{ .Values.admin.grpcPort }} \
               {{- if or (eq .Values.admin.data.type "hostPath") (eq .Values.admin.data.type "persistentVolumeClaim") (eq .Values.admin.data.type "emptyDir") (eq .Values.admin.data.type "existingClaim") }}
@@ -170,19 +176,23 @@ spec:
               -dataDir={{ .Values.admin.dataDir }} \
               {{- end }}
               {{- if .Values.admin.masters }}
-              -masters={{ .Values.admin.masters }}{{- if or $urlPrefix .Values.admin.extraArgs }} \{{ end }}
+              -masters={{ .Values.admin.masters }} \
               {{- else if .Values.global.seaweedfs.masterServer }}
-              -masters={{ .Values.global.seaweedfs.masterServer }}{{- if or $urlPrefix .Values.admin.extraArgs }} \{{ end }}
+              -masters={{ .Values.global.seaweedfs.masterServer }} \
               {{- else }}
-              -masters={{ range $index := until (.Values.master.replicas | int) }}${SEAWEEDFS_FULLNAME}-master-{{ $index }}.${SEAWEEDFS_FULLNAME}-master.{{ $.Release.Namespace }}:{{ $.Values.master.port }}{{ if lt $index (sub ($.Values.master.replicas | int) 1) }},{{ end }}{{ end }}{{- if or $urlPrefix .Values.admin.extraArgs }} \{{ end }}
+              -masters={{ range $index := until (.Values.master.replicas | int) }}${SEAWEEDFS_FULLNAME}-master-{{ $index }}.${SEAWEEDFS_FULLNAME}-master.{{ $.Release.Namespace }}:{{ $.Values.master.port }}{{ if lt $index (sub ($.Values.master.replicas | int) 1) }},{{ end }}{{ end }} \
               {{- end }}
               {{- if $urlPrefix }}
-              -urlPrefix={{ $urlPrefix }}{{- if .Values.admin.extraArgs }} \{{ end }}
+              -urlPrefix={{ $urlPrefix }} \
+              {{- end }}
+              {{- if .Values.admin.allowInsecureBind }}
+              -allowInsecureBind \
               {{- end }}
               {{- range $index, $arg := .Values.admin.extraArgs }}
               {{ $arg }}{{- if lt $index (sub (len $.Values.admin.extraArgs) 1) }} \{{ end }}
               {{- end }}
           volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list . .Values.admin.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.admin.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.admin.extraVolumes | default "") .)) | nindent 12 }}
             {{- if or (eq .Values.admin.data.type "hostPath") (eq .Values.admin.data.type "persistentVolumeClaim") (eq .Values.admin.data.type "emptyDir") (eq .Values.admin.data.type "existingClaim") }}
             - name: admin-data
               mountPath: /data
@@ -258,6 +268,7 @@ spec:
       {{- include "seaweedfs.tplvalues.render" (dict "value" .Values.admin.sidecars "context" $) | nindent 8 }}
       {{- end }}
       volumes:
+        {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolume" (list . .Values.admin.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.admin.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.admin.extraVolumes | default "") .) false) | nindent 8 }}
         {{- if eq .Values.admin.data.type "hostPath" }}
         - name: admin-data
           hostPath:

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/all-in-one/all-in-one-deployment.yaml

@@ -37,13 +37,17 @@ spec:
         {{- with .Values.allInOne.podLabels }}
         {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
         {{- end }}
+      {{- $podAnnotations := mergeOverwrite (deepCopy (.Values.podAnnotations | default dict)) (.Values.allInOne.podAnnotations | default dict) }}
+      {{- $existingS3ConfigSecret := or .Values.allInOne.s3.existingConfigSecret .Values.s3.existingConfigSecret .Values.filer.s3.existingConfigSecret }}
+      {{- if $existingS3ConfigSecret }}
+      {{- $configSecret := (lookup "v1" "Secret" .Release.Namespace $existingS3ConfigSecret) | default dict }}
+      {{- $_ := set $podAnnotations "checksum/s3config" ($configSecret | toYaml | sha256sum) }}
+      {{- else }}
+      {{- $_ := set $podAnnotations "checksum/s3config" (include (print .Template.BasePath "/s3/s3-secret.yaml") . | sha256sum) }}
+      {{- end }}
+      {{- $_ := set $podAnnotations "checksum/master-config" (include (print .Template.BasePath "/master/master-configmap.yaml") . | sha256sum) }}
       annotations:
-        {{- with .Values.podAnnotations }}
-        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
-        {{- end }}
-        {{- with .Values.allInOne.podAnnotations }}
-        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
-        {{- end }}
+        {{- toYaml $podAnnotations | nindent 8 }}
     spec:
       restartPolicy: {{ default .Values.global.seaweedfs.restartPolicy .Values.allInOne.restartPolicy }}
       {{- if .Values.allInOne.affinity }}
@@ -302,6 +306,7 @@ spec:
               {{- end }}
 
           volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list . .Values.allInOne.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.allInOne.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.allInOne.extraVolumes | default "") .)) | nindent 12 }}
             - name: data
               mountPath: /data
             {{- if and .Values.allInOne.s3.enabled (or .Values.allInOne.s3.enableAuth .Values.s3.enableAuth .Values.filer.s3.enableAuth) }}
@@ -429,6 +434,7 @@ spec:
       {{- include "seaweedfs.tplvalues.render" (dict "value" .Values.allInOne.sidecars "context" $) | nindent 8 }}
       {{- end }}
       volumes:
+        {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolume" (list . .Values.allInOne.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.allInOne.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.allInOne.extraVolumes | default "") .) false) | nindent 8 }}
         {{- include "seaweedfs.licenseVolume" . | nindent 8 }}
         - name: data
           {{- if eq .Values.allInOne.data.type "hostPath" }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/cert/admin-cert.yaml

@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ spec:
     organizations:
     - "SeaweedFS CA"
   dnsNames:
+    - '{{ include "seaweedfs.fullname" . }}-admin'
+    - '{{ include "seaweedfs.fullname" . }}-admin.{{ .Release.Namespace }}'
+    - '{{ include "seaweedfs.fullname" . }}-admin.{{ .Release.Namespace }}.svc'
+    - '{{ include "seaweedfs.fullname" . }}-admin.{{ .Release.Namespace }}.svc.cluster.local'
     - '*.{{ include "seaweedfs.fullname" . }}-admin'
     - '*.{{ include "seaweedfs.fullname" . }}-admin.{{ .Release.Namespace }}'
     - '*.{{ include "seaweedfs.fullname" . }}-admin.{{ .Release.Namespace }}.svc'

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/cosi/cosi-cluster-role.yaml

@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ rules:
     - "update"
     - "create"
     - "delete"
+- apiGroups: ["objectstorage.k8s.io"]
+  resources:
+    - "bucketclasses"
+  verbs:
+    - "get"
+    - "list"
+    - "watch"
 - apiGroups: ["coordination.k8s.io"]
   resources: ["leases"]
   verbs:
@@ -61,7 +68,7 @@ metadata:
     app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
 subjects:
   - kind: ServiceAccount
-    name: {{ .Values.global.seaweedfs.serviceAccountName }}-objectstorage-provisioner
+    name: {{ include "seaweedfs.serviceAccountName" . }}-objectstorage-provisioner
     namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
 roleRef:
   kind: ClusterRole

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/cosi/cosi-deployment.yaml

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ spec:
       schedulerName: {{ .Values.cosi.schedulerName | quote }}
       {{- end }}
       enableServiceLinks: false
-      serviceAccountName: {{ include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "objectstorage-provisioner") }}
+      serviceAccountName: {{ include "seaweedfs.serviceAccountName" . }}-objectstorage-provisioner
       {{- if .Values.cosi.initContainers }}
       initContainers:
         {{ tpl .Values.cosi.initContainers . | nindent 8 | trim }}
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ spec:
             {{- end -}}
             {{- end }}
           volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list . .Values.cosi.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.cosi.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.cosi.extraVolumes | default "") .)) | nindent 12 }}
             - mountPath: /var/lib/cosi
               name: socket
             {{- if .Values.cosi.enableAuth }}
@@ -148,6 +149,9 @@ spec:
           resources:
             {{- toYaml . | nindent 12 }}
           {{- end }}
+          {{- if .Values.cosi.containerSecurityContext.enabled }}
+          securityContext: {{- omit .Values.cosi.containerSecurityContext "enabled" | toYaml | nindent 12 }}
+          {{- end }}
         - name: seaweedfs-cosi-sidecar
           image: "{{ .Values.cosi.sidecar.image }}"
           imagePullPolicy: {{ default "IfNotPresent" .Values.global.seaweedfs.imagePullPolicy }}
@@ -159,6 +163,7 @@ spec:
                 fieldRef:
                   fieldPath: metadata.namespace
           volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list . .Values.cosi.containerSecurityContext "" "") | nindent 12 }}
             - mountPath: /var/lib/cosi
               name: socket
           {{- with .Values.cosi.sidecar.resources }}
@@ -172,6 +177,7 @@ spec:
       {{- include "seaweedfs.tplvalues.render" (dict "value" .Values.cosi.sidecars "context" $) | nindent 8 }}
       {{- end }}
       volumes:
+        {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolume" (list . .Values.cosi.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.cosi.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.cosi.extraVolumes | default "") .) true) | nindent 8 }}
         - name: socket
           emptyDir: {}
         {{- if .Values.cosi.enableAuth }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/cosi/cosi-service-account.yaml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ServiceAccount
 metadata:
-  name: {{ .Values.global.seaweedfs.serviceAccountName }}-objectstorage-provisioner
+  name: {{ include "seaweedfs.serviceAccountName" . }}-objectstorage-provisioner
   namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
   labels:
     app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ template "seaweedfs.name" . }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/filer/filer-grpc-ingressroutetcp.yaml

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ metadata:
     app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
     app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
     app.kubernetes.io/component: filer
+    {{- with .Values.filer.ingresses.grpc.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
 spec:
   {{- if $securityEnabled }}
   tls:

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/filer/filer-httproute.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{{- $filerEnabled := or .Values.filer.enabled .Values.allInOne.enabled }}
+{{- if and $filerEnabled .Values.filer.httpRoute.enabled }}
+{{- $serviceName := ternary (include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "all-in-one")) (include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "filer")) .Values.allInOne.enabled }}
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: {{ include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "filer") }}
+  namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
+  {{- with .Values.filer.httpRoute.annotations }}
+  annotations:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  labels:
+    app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ template "seaweedfs.name" . }}
+    helm.sh/chart: {{ .Chart.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Version | replace "+" "_" }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/component: filer
+    {{- with .Values.filer.httpRoute.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
+spec:
+  {{- with .Values.filer.httpRoute.parentRefs }}
+  parentRefs:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  {{- with .Values.filer.httpRoute.hostnames }}
+  hostnames:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  rules:
+    {{- range .Values.filer.httpRoute.rules | default (list dict) }}
+    - backendRefs:
+        {{- with .backendRefs }}
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+        {{- else }}
+        - group: ""
+          kind: Service
+          name: {{ $serviceName }}
+          namespace: {{ $.Release.Namespace }}
+          port: {{ $.Values.filer.port }}
+          weight: 1
+        {{- end }}
+      {{- with .matches }}
+      matches:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+      {{- with .filters }}
+      filters:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+      {{- with .timeouts }}
+      timeouts:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+    {{- end }}
+{{- end }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/filer/filer-ingress.yaml

@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ metadata:
     app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
     app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
     app.kubernetes.io/component: filer
+    {{- with .Values.filer.ingresses.http.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
 spec:
   {{- if and (semverCompare ">=1.18-0" .Capabilities.KubeVersion.GitVersion) .Values.filer.ingresses.http.className }}
   ingressClassName: {{ .Values.filer.ingresses.http.className | quote }}
@@ -87,6 +90,9 @@ metadata:
     app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
     app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
     app.kubernetes.io/component: filer
+    {{- with .Values.filer.ingresses.grpc.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
 spec:
   {{- if and (semverCompare ">=1.18-0" .Capabilities.KubeVersion.GitVersion) .Values.filer.ingresses.grpc.className }}
   ingressClassName: {{ .Values.filer.ingresses.grpc.className | quote }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/filer/filer-statefulset.yaml

@@ -43,19 +43,15 @@ spec:
       {{- with .Values.filer.podLabels }}
       {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
       {{- end }}
-      annotations:
-      {{- with .Values.podAnnotations }}
-      {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
-      {{- end }}
-      {{- with .Values.filer.podAnnotations }}
-      {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
-      {{- end }}
+      {{- $podAnnotations := mergeOverwrite (deepCopy (.Values.podAnnotations | default dict)) (.Values.filer.podAnnotations | default dict) }}
       {{- if .Values.filer.s3.existingConfigSecret }}
-        {{- $configSecret := (lookup "v1" "Secret" .Release.Namespace .Values.filer.s3.existingConfigSecret) | default dict }}
-        checksum/s3config: {{ $configSecret | toYaml | sha256sum }}
+      {{- $configSecret := (lookup "v1" "Secret" .Release.Namespace .Values.filer.s3.existingConfigSecret) | default dict }}
+      {{- $_ := set $podAnnotations "checksum/s3config" ($configSecret | toYaml | sha256sum) }}
       {{- else }}
-        checksum/s3config: {{ include (print .Template.BasePath "/s3/s3-secret.yaml") . | sha256sum }}
+      {{- $_ := set $podAnnotations "checksum/s3config" (include (print .Template.BasePath "/s3/s3-secret.yaml") . | sha256sum) }}
       {{- end }}
+      annotations:
+        {{- toYaml $podAnnotations | nindent 8 }}
     spec:
       restartPolicy: {{ default .Values.global.seaweedfs.restartPolicy .Values.filer.restartPolicy }}
       {{- if .Values.filer.affinity }}
@@ -233,6 +229,7 @@ spec:
               {{ . }} \
               {{- end }}
           volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list . .Values.filer.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.filer.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.filer.extraVolumes | default "") .)) | nindent 12 }}
             {{- if (or (eq .Values.filer.logs.type "hostPath") (eq .Values.filer.logs.type "persistentVolumeClaim") (eq .Values.filer.logs.type "emptyDir")) }}
             - name: seaweedfs-filer-log-volume
               mountPath: "/logs/"
@@ -341,6 +338,7 @@ spec:
         {{- include "seaweedfs.tplvalues.render" (dict "value" .Values.filer.sidecars "context" $) | nindent 8 }}
         {{- end }}
       volumes:
+        {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolume" (list . .Values.filer.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.filer.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.filer.extraVolumes | default "") .) false) | nindent 8 }}
         {{- if eq .Values.filer.logs.type "hostPath" }}
         - name: seaweedfs-filer-log-volume
           hostPath:

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/master/master-httproute.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{{- $masterEnabled := or .Values.master.enabled .Values.allInOne.enabled }}
+{{- if and $masterEnabled .Values.master.httpRoute.enabled }}
+{{- $serviceName := ternary (include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "all-in-one")) (include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "master")) .Values.allInOne.enabled }}
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: {{ include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "master") }}
+  namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
+  {{- with .Values.master.httpRoute.annotations }}
+  annotations:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  labels:
+    app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ template "seaweedfs.name" . }}
+    helm.sh/chart: {{ .Chart.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Version | replace "+" "_" }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/component: master
+    {{- with .Values.master.httpRoute.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
+spec:
+  {{- with .Values.master.httpRoute.parentRefs }}
+  parentRefs:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  {{- with .Values.master.httpRoute.hostnames }}
+  hostnames:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  rules:
+    {{- range .Values.master.httpRoute.rules | default (list dict) }}
+    - backendRefs:
+        {{- with .backendRefs }}
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+        {{- else }}
+        - group: ""
+          kind: Service
+          name: {{ $serviceName }}
+          namespace: {{ $.Release.Namespace }}
+          port: {{ $.Values.master.port }}
+          weight: 1
+        {{- end }}
+      {{- with .matches }}
+      matches:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+      {{- with .filters }}
+      filters:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+      {{- with .timeouts }}
+      timeouts:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+    {{- end }}
+{{- end }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/master/master-ingress.yaml

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ metadata:
     app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
     app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
     app.kubernetes.io/component: master
+    {{- with .Values.master.ingress.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
 spec:
   ingressClassName: {{ .Values.master.ingress.className | quote }}
   tls:

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/master/master-statefulset.yaml

@@ -43,13 +43,10 @@ spec:
       {{- with .Values.master.podLabels }}
       {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
       {{- end }}
+      {{- $podAnnotations := mergeOverwrite (deepCopy (.Values.podAnnotations | default dict)) (.Values.master.podAnnotations | default dict) }}
+      {{- $_ := set $podAnnotations "checksum/master-config" (include (print .Template.BasePath "/master/master-configmap.yaml") . | sha256sum) }}
       annotations:
-      {{ with .Values.podAnnotations }}
-      {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
-      {{- end }}
-      {{- with .Values.master.podAnnotations }}
-      {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
-      {{- end }}
+        {{- toYaml $podAnnotations | nindent 8 }}
     spec:
       restartPolicy: {{ default .Values.global.seaweedfs.restartPolicy .Values.master.restartPolicy }}
       {{- if .Values.master.affinity }}
@@ -182,6 +179,7 @@ spec:
               {{ . }} \
               {{- end }}
           volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list . .Values.master.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.master.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.master.extraVolumes | default "") .)) | nindent 12 }}
             - name : data-{{ .Release.Namespace }}
               mountPath: /data
             {{- if or (eq .Values.master.logs.type "hostPath") (eq .Values.master.logs.type "persistentVolumeClaim") (eq .Values.master.logs.type "emptyDir") }}
@@ -261,6 +259,7 @@ spec:
         {{- include "seaweedfs.tplvalues.render" (dict "value" .Values.master.sidecars "context" $) | nindent 8 }}
         {{- end }}
       volumes:
+        {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolume" (list . .Values.master.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.master.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.master.extraVolumes | default "") .) false) | nindent 8 }}
         {{- include "seaweedfs.licenseVolume" . | nindent 8 }}
         {{- if eq .Values.master.logs.type "hostPath" }}
         - name: seaweedfs-master-log-volume

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/s3/s3-deployment.yaml

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ metadata:
 {{- end }}
 spec:
   replicas: {{ .Values.s3.replicas }}
+  {{- with .Values.s3.updateStrategy }}
+  strategy:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
   selector:
     matchLabels:
       app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ template "seaweedfs.name" . }}
@@ -35,13 +39,15 @@ spec:
       {{- with .Values.s3.podLabels }}
       {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
       {{- end }}
+      {{- $podAnnotations := mergeOverwrite (deepCopy (.Values.podAnnotations | default dict)) (.Values.s3.podAnnotations | default dict) }}
+      {{- if .Values.s3.existingConfigSecret }}
+      {{- $configSecret := (lookup "v1" "Secret" .Release.Namespace .Values.s3.existingConfigSecret) | default dict }}
+      {{- $_ := set $podAnnotations "checksum/s3config" ($configSecret | toYaml | sha256sum) }}
+      {{- else }}
+      {{- $_ := set $podAnnotations "checksum/s3config" (include (print .Template.BasePath "/s3/s3-secret.yaml") . | sha256sum) }}
+      {{- end }}
       annotations:
-      {{ with .Values.podAnnotations }}
-      {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
-      {{- end }}
-      {{- with .Values.s3.podAnnotations }}
-      {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
-      {{- end }}
+        {{- toYaml $podAnnotations | nindent 8 }}
     spec:
       restartPolicy: {{ default .Values.global.seaweedfs.restartPolicy .Values.s3.restartPolicy }}
       {{- if .Values.s3.affinity }}
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@ spec:
         {{ tpl .Values.s3.tolerations . | nindent 8 | trim }}
       {{- end }}
       {{- include "seaweedfs.imagePullSecrets" . | nindent 6 }}
-      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
+      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: {{ .Values.s3.terminationGracePeriodSeconds }}
       {{- if .Values.s3.priorityClassName }}
       priorityClassName: {{ .Values.s3.priorityClassName | quote }}
       {{- end }}
@@ -155,6 +161,7 @@ spec:
               {{ . }} \
               {{- end }}
           volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list . .Values.s3.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.s3.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.s3.extraVolumes | default "") .)) | nindent 12 }}
             {{- if or (eq .Values.s3.logs.type "hostPath") (eq .Values.s3.logs.type "emptyDir") }}
             - name: logs
               mountPath: "/logs/"
@@ -232,6 +239,10 @@ spec:
             failureThreshold: {{ .Values.s3.livenessProbe.failureThreshold }}
             timeoutSeconds: {{ .Values.s3.livenessProbe.timeoutSeconds }}
           {{- end }}
+          {{- with .Values.s3.lifecycle }}
+          lifecycle:
+            {{- toYaml . | nindent 12 }}
+          {{- end }}
           {{- with .Values.s3.resources }}
           resources:
             {{- toYaml . | nindent 12 }}
@@ -243,6 +254,7 @@ spec:
       {{- include "seaweedfs.tplvalues.render" (dict "value" .Values.s3.sidecars "context" $) | nindent 8 }}
       {{- end }}
       volumes:
+        {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolume" (list . .Values.s3.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.s3.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.s3.extraVolumes | default "") .) false) | nindent 8 }}
         {{- if .Values.s3.enableAuth }}
         - name: config-users
           secret:

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/s3/s3-httproute.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{{- $s3Enabled := or .Values.s3.enabled (and .Values.filer.s3.enabled (not .Values.allInOne.enabled)) (and .Values.allInOne.enabled .Values.allInOne.s3.enabled) }}
+{{- if and $s3Enabled .Values.s3.httpRoute.enabled }}
+{{- $serviceName := include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "s3") }}
+{{- $s3Port := .Values.filer.s3.port }}
+{{- if and .Values.allInOne.enabled .Values.allInOne.s3.enabled }}
+{{- $serviceName = include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "all-in-one") }}
+{{- $s3Port = .Values.allInOne.s3.port | default .Values.s3.port }}
+{{- else if .Values.s3.enabled }}
+{{- $s3Port = .Values.s3.port }}
+{{- end }}
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: {{ include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "s3") }}
+  namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
+  {{- with .Values.s3.httpRoute.annotations }}
+  annotations:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  labels:
+    app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ template "seaweedfs.name" . }}
+    helm.sh/chart: {{ .Chart.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Version | replace "+" "_" }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/component: s3
+    {{- with .Values.s3.httpRoute.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
+spec:
+  {{- with .Values.s3.httpRoute.parentRefs }}
+  parentRefs:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  {{- with .Values.s3.httpRoute.hostnames }}
+  hostnames:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  rules:
+    {{- range .Values.s3.httpRoute.rules | default (list dict) }}
+    - backendRefs:
+        {{- with .backendRefs }}
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+        {{- else }}
+        - group: ""
+          kind: Service
+          name: {{ $serviceName }}
+          namespace: {{ $.Release.Namespace }}
+          port: {{ $s3Port }}
+          weight: 1
+        {{- end }}
+      {{- with .matches }}
+      matches:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+      {{- with .filters }}
+      filters:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+      {{- with .timeouts }}
+      timeouts:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+    {{- end }}
+{{- end }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/s3/s3-iceberg-ingress.yaml

@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ metadata:
     app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
     app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
     app.kubernetes.io/component: s3-iceberg
+    {{- with .Values.s3.icebergIngress.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
 spec:
   {{- if .Values.s3.icebergIngress.className }}
   ingressClassName: {{ .Values.s3.icebergIngress.className | quote }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/s3/s3-ingress.yaml

@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ metadata:
     app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
     app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
     app.kubernetes.io/component: s3
+    {{- with .Values.s3.ingress.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
 spec:
   ingressClassName: {{ .Values.s3.ingress.className | quote }}
   tls:

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/s3/s3-lance-ingress.yaml

@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ metadata:
     app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
     app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
     app.kubernetes.io/component: s3-lance
+    {{- with .Values.s3.lanceIngress.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
 spec:
   {{- if .Values.s3.lanceIngress.className }}
   ingressClassName: {{ .Values.s3.lanceIngress.className | quote }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/s3/s3-secret.yaml

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ stringData:
   read_access_key_id: {{ $access_key_read }}
   read_secret_access_key: {{ $secret_key_read }}
   {{- end }}
-  seaweedfs_s3_config: '{"identities":[{"name":"anvAdmin","credentials":[{"accessKey":"{{ $access_key_admin }}","secretKey":"{{ $secret_key_admin }}"}],"actions":["Admin","Read","Write"]},{"name":"anvReadOnly","credentials":[{"accessKey":"{{ $access_key_read }}","secretKey":"{{ $secret_key_read }}"}],"actions":["Read"]}]}'
+  seaweedfs_s3_config: '{"identities":[{"name":"anvAdmin","credentials":[{"accessKey":"{{ $access_key_admin }}","secretKey":"{{ $secret_key_admin }}"}],"actions":["Admin","Read","Write"]},{"name":"anvReadOnly","credentials":[{"accessKey":"{{ $access_key_read }}","secretKey":"{{ $secret_key_read }}"}],"actions":["Read","List"]}]}'
   {{- if .Values.filer.s3.auditLogConfig }}
   filer_s3_auditLogConfig.json: |
     {{ toJson .Values.filer.s3.auditLogConfig | nindent 4 }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/sftp/sftp-deployment.yaml

@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ spec:
               -userStoreFile=/etc/sw/seaweedfs_sftp_config \
               -filer={{ include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "filer-client") }}.{{ .Release.Namespace }}:{{ .Values.filer.port }}
           volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list . .Values.sftp.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.sftp.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.sftp.extraVolumes | default "") .)) | nindent 12 }}
             {{- if or (eq .Values.sftp.logs.type "hostPath") (eq .Values.sftp.logs.type "emptyDir") }}
             - name: logs
               mountPath: "/logs/"
@@ -249,6 +250,7 @@ spec:
       {{- include "seaweedfs.tplvalues.render" (dict "value" .Values.sftp.sidecars "context" $) | nindent 8 }}
       {{- end }}
       volumes:
+        {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolume" (list . .Values.sftp.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.sftp.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.sftp.extraVolumes | default "") .) false) | nindent 8 }}
         {{- if .Values.sftp.enableAuth }}
         - name: config-users
           secret:

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/shared/_helpers.tpl

@@ -76,6 +76,43 @@ Inject extra environment vars in the format key:value, if populated
 {{- end }}
 {{- end -}}
 
+{{/*
+Writable temporary directory for containers using a read-only root filesystem.
+Input: list of the root context, the component container security context, the
+rendered extraVolumeMounts and extraVolumes, and whether the pod has secondary
+chart-managed containers that mount seaweedfs-tmp. A user-supplied /tmp mount
+only covers the main container, so the volume is still emitted for secondaries;
+a user-supplied seaweedfs-tmp volume is reused rather than duplicated.
+*/}}
+{{- define "seaweedfs.tmpDirCovered" -}}
+{{- regexMatch `(?m)^\s*-?\s*mountPath:\s*['"]?/tmp/?['"]?\s*(#.*)?$` (index . 2) -}}
+{{- end -}}
+
+{{- define "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolume" -}}
+{{- $root := index . 0 -}}
+{{- $securityContext := index . 1 -}}
+{{- if and $securityContext.enabled $securityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem
+  (or (index . 4) (ne (include "seaweedfs.tmpDirCovered" .) "true"))
+  (not (regexMatch `(?m)^\s*-?\s*name:\s*['"]?seaweedfs-tmp['"]?\s*(#.*)?$` (index . 3))) }}
+- name: seaweedfs-tmp
+  {{- with $root.Values.global.seaweedfs.tmpDir.sizeLimit }}
+  emptyDir:
+    sizeLimit: {{ . | quote }}
+  {{- else }}
+  emptyDir: {}
+  {{- end }}
+{{- end }}
+{{- end -}}
+
+{{- define "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" -}}
+{{- $securityContext := index . 1 -}}
+{{- if and $securityContext.enabled $securityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem
+  (ne (include "seaweedfs.tmpDirCovered" .) "true") }}
+- name: seaweedfs-tmp
+  mountPath: /tmp
+{{- end }}
+{{- end -}}
+
 {{/* Whether the mysql filer store is selected; a flag the chart cannot read counts as selected. */}}
 {{- define "seaweedfs.filer.mysqlEnabled" -}}
 {{- $merged := dict -}}
@@ -88,6 +125,43 @@ true
 {{- end -}}
 {{- end -}}
 
+{{/* Classify an admin bind address as loopback, mirroring weed admin's
+     isLoopbackIp (net.ParseIP + IsLoopback). Helm templates cannot call
+     net.ParseIP, so we approximate: valid IPv4 addresses in 127.0.0.0/8
+     (validated via regex to reject malformed values like "127.not-an-ip")
+     and the IPv6 loopback "::1" / its expanded form "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" are
+     loopback. Hostnames (e.g. "localhost") and wildcard addresses
+     ("0.0.0.0", "::") are non-loopback, matching the binary, which
+     treats unparseable hostnames as non-loopback to be safe. Other IPv6
+     loopback representations are not matched; the binary's own runtime
+     validation is the authoritative guard. */}}
+{{- define "seaweedfs.admin.isLoopbackIp" -}}
+{{- $ip := toString . -}}
+{{- if or (regexMatch "^127\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}$" $ip) (eq $ip "::1") (eq $ip "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1") -}}
+true
+{{- end -}}
+{{- end -}}
+
+{{/* Whether the admin non-loopback bind guard is satisfied: admin.secret
+     (adminPassword or existingSecret), WEED_ADMIN_PASSWORD via
+     extraEnvironmentVars / secretExtraEnvironmentVars, or
+     admin.allowInsecureBind. A secret-backed entry counts as enabled even
+     though the chart cannot read its value. */}}
+{{- define "seaweedfs.admin.authEnabled" -}}
+{{- if or .Values.admin.secret.existingSecret .Values.admin.secret.adminPassword .Values.admin.allowInsecureBind -}}
+true
+{{- else -}}
+{{- $merged := dict -}}
+{{- $_ := include "seaweedfs.mergeExtraEnvironmentVars" (dict "global" .Values.global.seaweedfs "component" .Values.admin "target" $merged) -}}
+{{- $envPassword := index $merged "WEED_ADMIN_PASSWORD" -}}
+{{- if or (kindIs "map" $envPassword) (hasKey (.Values.admin.secretExtraEnvironmentVars | default dict) "WEED_ADMIN_PASSWORD") -}}
+true
+{{- else if and $envPassword (ne (toString $envPassword) "") -}}
+true
+{{- end -}}
+{{- end -}}
+{{- end -}}
+
 {{/* Return the proper filer image */}}
 {{- define "seaweedfs.filer.image" -}}
 {{- if .Values.filer.imageOverride -}}
@@ -370,6 +444,46 @@ true
 {{- end -}}
 {{- end -}}
 
+{{/* Read a JWT key from the chart's existing security.toml without fromToml
+     (which requires Helm >=3.17). Args: (list "<section>" $raw).
+     Return the single-line TOML string token, including its quotes, so escapes
+     and explicitly empty values survive unchanged. No output means absent.
+     Accept bare or simply quoted dotted header segments. Fail on other quoted
+     headers rather than risk rotating a key hidden by unsupported syntax.
+     This reads the chart's section/key layout, not arbitrary TOML syntax. */}}
+{{- define "seaweedfs.existingTomlKey" -}}
+{{- $section := index . 0 -}}
+{{- $raw := index . 1 -}}
+{{- $parts := list -}}
+{{- range $part := splitList "." $section -}}
+  {{- $escaped := regexQuoteMeta $part -}}
+  {{- $parts = append $parts (printf `(?:%s|"%s"|'%s')` $escaped $escaped $escaped) -}}
+{{- end -}}
+{{- $header := printf `^\[[ \t]*%s[ \t]*\][ \t]*(#.*)?$` (join `[ \t]*\.[ \t]*` $parts) -}}
+{{- $segment := `(?:[A-Za-z0-9_-]+|"[^"\\]*"|'[^']*')` -}}
+{{- $simpleHeader := printf `^\[[ \t]*%s(?:[ \t]*\.[ \t]*%s)*[ \t]*\][ \t]*(#.*)?$` $segment $segment -}}
+{{- $assignment := `^(key|"key"|'key')[ \t]*=[ \t]*` -}}
+{{- $string := `"([^"\\]|\\.)*"|'[^']*'` -}}
+{{- $active := false -}}
+{{- $key := "" -}}
+{{- range $rawLine := splitList "\n" $raw -}}
+  {{- $line := trim $rawLine -}}
+  {{- if hasPrefix "[" $line -}}
+    {{- if and (regexMatch `^\[[^]]*["']` $line) (not (regexMatch $simpleHeader $line)) (eq $key "") -}}
+      {{- fail (printf "security.toml has an unsupported quoted section header; refusing to replace [%s].key" $section) -}}
+    {{- end -}}
+    {{- $active = regexMatch $header $line -}}
+  {{- else if and $active (eq $key "") (regexMatch $assignment $line) -}}
+    {{- $value := regexReplaceAll $assignment $line "" -}}
+    {{- if not (regexMatch (printf `^(%s)[ \t]*(#.*)?$` $string) $value) -}}
+      {{- fail (printf "security.toml [%s].key must be a single-line quoted TOML string; refusing to replace an existing key" $section) -}}
+    {{- end -}}
+    {{- $key = regexFind $string $value -}}
+  {{- end -}}
+{{- end -}}
+{{- $key -}}
+{{- end -}}
+
 {{/* True when the post-install bucket hook Job renders: an S3 endpoint, plus
      buckets to create on it. Read by the Job itself and by its NetworkPolicy,
      which has to appear exactly when the Job does - a Job without its policy
@@ -430,8 +544,9 @@ true
 {{-             $pvcName := printf "%s-%s-%s-%d" $dir.name $seaweedfsName $volumeName $e }}
 {{-             $currentPVC := (lookup "v1" "PersistentVolumeClaim" $.Release.Namespace $pvcName) }}
 {{-             if $currentPVC }}
-{{-               $oldSize := include "seaweedfs.resource-quantity" $currentPVC.spec.resources.requests.storage }}
-{{-               $newSize := include "seaweedfs.resource-quantity" $desiredSize }}
+{{- /* include returns a string such as "6.442450944e+10"; convert back to a number, or gt compares lexically */}}
+{{-               $oldSize := include "seaweedfs.resource-quantity" $currentPVC.spec.resources.requests.storage | float64 }}
+{{-               $newSize := include "seaweedfs.resource-quantity" $desiredSize | float64 }}
 {{-               if gt $newSize $oldSize }}
 {{-                 $commands = append $commands (printf "kubectl patch pvc %s-%s-%s-%d -p '{\"spec\":{\"resources\":{\"requests\":{\"storage\":\"%s\"}}}}'" $dir.name $seaweedfsName $volumeName $e $desiredSize) }}
 {{-               end }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/shared/post-install-bucket-hook.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@
 {{- $clusterUpper := upper $clusterAlias }}
 {{- $clusterMasterKey := printf "WEED_CLUSTER_%s_MASTER" $clusterUpper }}
 {{- $clusterFilerKey := printf "WEED_CLUSTER_%s_FILER" $clusterUpper }}
+{{- $podSecurityContext := .Values.filer.podSecurityContext }}
+{{- $containerSecurityContext := .Values.filer.containerSecurityContext }}
+{{- if .Values.allInOne.enabled }}
+  {{- $podSecurityContext = .Values.allInOne.podSecurityContext }}
+  {{- $containerSecurityContext = .Values.allInOne.containerSecurityContext }}
+{{- end }}
 
 {{- /* Check allInOne mode first */}}
 {{- if .Values.allInOne.enabled }}
@@ -71,8 +77,8 @@ spec:
         app.kubernetes.io/component: bucket-hook
     spec:
       restartPolicy: Never
-      {{- if .Values.filer.podSecurityContext.enabled }}
-      securityContext: {{- omit .Values.filer.podSecurityContext "enabled" | toYaml | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- if $podSecurityContext.enabled }}
+      securityContext: {{- omit $podSecurityContext "enabled" | toYaml | nindent 8 }}
       {{- end }}
       {{- include "seaweedfs.imagePullSecrets" $ | nindent 6 }}
       containers:
@@ -202,8 +208,9 @@ spec:
                 /usr/bin/weed shell
           {{- end }}  
           {{- end }}
-        {{- if or $enableAuth (include "seaweedfs.securityConfigEnabled" .) }}
+        {{- if or (and $containerSecurityContext.enabled $containerSecurityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem) $enableAuth (include "seaweedfs.securityConfigEnabled" .) }}
         volumeMounts:
+          {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list . $containerSecurityContext "" "") | nindent 10 }}
           {{- if $enableAuth }}
           - name: config-users
             mountPath: /etc/sw
@@ -215,6 +222,14 @@ spec:
             mountPath: /etc/seaweedfs/security.toml
             subPath: security.toml
           {{- end }}
+          {{- if .Values.global.seaweedfs.enableSecurity }}
+          - name: ca-cert
+            readOnly: true
+            mountPath: /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ca/
+          - name: client-cert
+            readOnly: true
+            mountPath: /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/client/
+          {{- end }}
         {{- end }}
         ports:
           - containerPort: {{ .Values.master.port }}
@@ -229,11 +244,12 @@ spec:
         resources:
           {{- toYaml . | nindent 10 }}
         {{- end }}
-        {{- if .Values.filer.containerSecurityContext.enabled }}
-        securityContext: {{- omit .Values.filer.containerSecurityContext "enabled" | toYaml | nindent 12 }}
+        {{- if $containerSecurityContext.enabled }}
+        securityContext: {{- omit $containerSecurityContext "enabled" | toYaml | nindent 12 }}
         {{- end }}
-    {{- if or $enableAuth (include "seaweedfs.securityConfigEnabled" .) }}
+    {{- if or (and $containerSecurityContext.enabled $containerSecurityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem) $enableAuth (include "seaweedfs.securityConfigEnabled" .) }}
       volumes:
+        {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolume" (list . $containerSecurityContext "" "" false) | nindent 8 }}
         {{- if $enableAuth }}
         - name: config-users
           secret:
@@ -249,5 +265,13 @@ spec:
           configMap:
             name: {{ include "seaweedfs.fullname" . }}-security-config
         {{- end }}
+        {{- if .Values.global.seaweedfs.enableSecurity }}
+        - name: ca-cert
+          secret:
+            secretName: {{ include "seaweedfs.fullname" . }}-ca-cert
+        - name: client-cert
+          secret:
+            secretName: {{ include "seaweedfs.fullname" . }}-client-cert
+        {{- end }}
     {{- end }}
 {{- end }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/shared/security-configmap.yaml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ data:
   {{- $legacyName := printf "%s-%s" (include "seaweedfs.name" .) "security-config" }}
   {{- $existing = lookup "v1" "ConfigMap" .Release.Namespace $legacyName }}
   {{- end }}
-  {{- $securityConfig := fromToml (dig "data" "security.toml" "" $existing) }}
+  {{- $existingToml := dig "data" "security.toml" "" $existing }}
   {{- $securityConfigValues := .Values.global.seaweedfs.securityConfig | default dict }}
   {{- $jwtSigning := $securityConfigValues.jwtSigning | default dict }}
   {{- $expiresAfterSeconds := $jwtSigning.expiresAfterSeconds | default dict }}
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ data:
     # the jwt signing key is read by master and volume server
     # the jwt defaults to expire after 10 seconds
     [jwt.signing]
-    key = "{{ dig "jwt" "signing" "key" (randAlphaNum 10 | b64enc) $securityConfig }}"
+    key = {{ include "seaweedfs.existingTomlKey" (list "jwt.signing" $existingToml) | default (randAlphaNum 10 | b64enc | quote) }}
     {{- if gt (int $expiresAfterSeconds.volumeWrite) 0 }}
     expires_after_seconds = {{ int $expiresAfterSeconds.volumeWrite }}
     {{- end }}
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ data:
     # - the Volume server validates the JWT on reading
     # the jwt defaults to expire after 60 seconds
     [jwt.signing.read]
-    key = "{{ dig "jwt" "signing" "read" "key" (randAlphaNum 10 | b64enc) $securityConfig }}"
+    key = {{ include "seaweedfs.existingTomlKey" (list "jwt.signing.read" $existingToml) | default (randAlphaNum 10 | b64enc | quote) }}
     {{- if gt (int $expiresAfterSeconds.volumeRead) 0 }}
     expires_after_seconds = {{ int $expiresAfterSeconds.volumeRead }}
     {{- end }}
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ data:
     # - the Filer server validates the JWT on writing
     # the jwt defaults to expire after 10 seconds
     [jwt.filer_signing]
-    key = "{{ dig "jwt" "filer_signing" "key" (randAlphaNum 10 | b64enc) $securityConfig }}"
+    key = {{ include "seaweedfs.existingTomlKey" (list "jwt.filer_signing" $existingToml) | default (randAlphaNum 10 | b64enc | quote) }}
     {{- if gt (int $expiresAfterSeconds.filerWrite) 0 }}
     expires_after_seconds = {{ int $expiresAfterSeconds.filerWrite }}
     {{- end }}
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ data:
     # - the Filer server validates the JWT on reading
     # the jwt defaults to expire after 60 seconds
     [jwt.filer_signing.read]
-    key = "{{ dig "jwt" "filer_signing" "read" "key" (randAlphaNum 10 | b64enc) $securityConfig }}"
+    key = {{ include "seaweedfs.existingTomlKey" (list "jwt.filer_signing.read" $existingToml) | default (randAlphaNum 10 | b64enc | quote) }}
     {{- if gt (int $expiresAfterSeconds.filerRead) 0 }}
     expires_after_seconds = {{ int $expiresAfterSeconds.filerRead }}
     {{- end }}
@@ -97,6 +97,19 @@ data:
     cert = "/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/worker/tls.crt"
     key  = "/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/worker/tls.key"
 
+    {{- /* S3 gRPC server identity (weed s3 -port.grpc, default httpPort+10000).
+      Without this section, LoadServerTLS("grpc.s3") returns nil and the S3
+      server serves its internal gRPC (IAM cache propagation, s3 lifecycle
+      delete RPCs) as plaintext, while peers dial it with mTLS credentials:
+      "tls: first record does not look like a TLS handshake".
+      Always uses the internal CA-signed client certificate (already mounted
+      on s3 pods by s3-deployment.yaml). Deliberately NOT s3.tlsSecret: that
+      secret is for the public HTTPS listener and may be issued by a public
+      CA which internal gRPC peers (trusting only grpc.ca) would reject. */}}
+    [grpc.s3]
+    cert = "/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/client/tls.crt"
+    key  = "/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/client/tls.key"
+
     # use this for any place needs a grpc client
     # i.e., "weed backup|benchmark|filer.copy|filer.replicate|mount|s3|upload"
     [grpc.client]

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/volume/volume-httproute.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{{- $volumeEnabled := or .Values.volume.enabled .Values.allInOne.enabled }}
+{{- if and $volumeEnabled .Values.volume.httpRoute.enabled }}
+{{- $serviceName := ternary (include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "all-in-one")) (include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "volume")) .Values.allInOne.enabled }}
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: {{ include "seaweedfs.componentName" (list . "volume") }}
+  namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
+  {{- with .Values.volume.httpRoute.annotations }}
+  annotations:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  labels:
+    app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ template "seaweedfs.name" . }}
+    helm.sh/chart: {{ .Chart.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Version | replace "+" "_" }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
+    app.kubernetes.io/component: volume
+    {{- with .Values.volume.httpRoute.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
+spec:
+  {{- with .Values.volume.httpRoute.parentRefs }}
+  parentRefs:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  {{- with .Values.volume.httpRoute.hostnames }}
+  hostnames:
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+  {{- end }}
+  rules:
+    {{- range .Values.volume.httpRoute.rules | default (list dict) }}
+    - backendRefs:
+        {{- with .backendRefs }}
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+        {{- else }}
+        - group: ""
+          kind: Service
+          name: {{ $serviceName }}
+          namespace: {{ $.Release.Namespace }}
+          port: {{ $.Values.volume.port }}
+          weight: 1
+        {{- end }}
+      {{- with .matches }}
+      matches:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+      {{- with .filters }}
+      filters:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+      {{- with .timeouts }}
+      timeouts:
+        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
+    {{- end }}
+{{- end }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/volume/volume-ingress.yaml

@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ metadata:
     app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
     app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
     app.kubernetes.io/component: volume
+    {{- with .Values.volume.ingress.labels }}
+    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
+    {{- end }}
 spec:
   {{- if and (semverCompare ">=1.18-0" .Capabilities.KubeVersion.GitVersion) .Values.volume.ingress.className }}
   ingressClassName: {{ .Values.volume.ingress.className | quote }}

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/volume/volume-resize-hook.yaml

@@ -32,13 +32,32 @@ spec:
     spec:
       serviceAccountName: {{ $seaweedfsName }}-volume-resize-hook
       restartPolicy: Never
+      {{- if .Values.volume.podSecurityContext.enabled }}
+      securityContext: {{- omit .Values.volume.podSecurityContext "enabled" | toYaml | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
       containers:
         - name: resize
           image: {{ .Values.volume.resizeHook.image }}
+          {{- if and .Values.volume.containerSecurityContext.enabled .Values.volume.containerSecurityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem }}
+          env:
+            - name: HOME
+              value: /tmp
+          {{- end }}
           command: ["sh", "-xec"]
           args:
             - |
 {{ $commands | indent 14 }}
+          {{- if and .Values.volume.containerSecurityContext.enabled .Values.volume.containerSecurityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem }}
+          volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list . .Values.volume.containerSecurityContext "" "") | nindent 12 }}
+          {{- end }}
+          {{- if .Values.volume.containerSecurityContext.enabled }}
+          securityContext: {{- omit .Values.volume.containerSecurityContext "enabled" | toYaml | nindent 12 }}
+          {{- end }}
+      {{- if and .Values.volume.containerSecurityContext.enabled .Values.volume.containerSecurityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem }}
+      volumes:
+        {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolume" (list . .Values.volume.containerSecurityContext "" "" false) | nindent 8 }}
+      {{- end }}
 ---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ServiceAccount

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/volume/volume-statefulset.yaml

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ spec:
                 fi
               done
           volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list $ $volume.containerSecurityContext "" "") | nindent 12 }}
             - name: idx
               mountPath: /idx
           {{- range $dir :=  $volume.dataDirs }}
@@ -224,6 +225,7 @@ spec:
                 {{ . }} \
                 {{- end }}
           volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list $ $volume.containerSecurityContext (tpl (printf "{{ $volumeName := \"%s\" }}%s" $volumeName ($volume.extraVolumeMounts | default "")) $) (tpl ($volume.extraVolumes | default "") $)) | nindent 12 }}
             {{- range $dir := $volume.dataDirs }}
             {{- if not ( eq $dir.type "custom" ) }}
             - name: {{ $dir.name }}
@@ -306,6 +308,7 @@ spec:
       {{- include "seaweedfs.tplvalues.render" (dict "value" (printf "{{ $volumeName := \"%s\" }}%s" $volumeName $volume.sidecars) "context" $) | nindent 8 }}
       {{- end }}
       volumes:
+        {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolume" (list $ $volume.containerSecurityContext (tpl (printf "{{ $volumeName := \"%s\" }}%s" $volumeName ($volume.extraVolumeMounts | default "")) $) (tpl ($volume.extraVolumes | default "") $) (and $initContainers_exists $volume.idx)) | nindent 8 }}
 
      {{- range $dir := $volume.dataDirs }}
 

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/templates/worker/worker-deployment.yaml

@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ spec:
               {{ $arg }}{{- if lt $index (sub (len $.Values.worker.extraArgs) 1) }} \{{ end }}
               {{- end }}
           volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list . .Values.worker.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.worker.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.worker.extraVolumes | default "") .)) | nindent 12 }}
             {{- if or (eq .Values.worker.data.type "hostPath") (eq .Values.worker.data.type "emptyDir") (eq .Values.worker.data.type "existingClaim") }}
             - name: worker-data
               mountPath: {{ .Values.worker.workingDir }}
@@ -262,15 +263,16 @@ spec:
               --metrics-ip=0.0.0.0 \
               {{- end }}
               --max-concurrency={{ .Values.worker.maxExecute }}
-          {{- if .Values.global.seaweedfs.enableSecurity }}
           volumeMounts:
+            {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolumeMount" (list . .Values.worker.containerSecurityContext "" "") | nindent 12 }}
+            {{- if .Values.global.seaweedfs.enableSecurity }}
             - name: ca-cert
               readOnly: true
               mountPath: /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ca/
             - name: worker-cert
               readOnly: true
               mountPath: /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/worker/
-          {{- end }}
+            {{- end }}
           {{- if .Values.worker.lanceMetricsPort }}
           ports:
             - containerPort: {{ .Values.worker.lanceMetricsPort }}
@@ -302,6 +304,7 @@ spec:
       {{- include "seaweedfs.tplvalues.render" (dict "value" .Values.worker.sidecars "context" $) | nindent 8 }}
       {{- end }}
       volumes:
+        {{- include "seaweedfs.tmpDirVolume" (list . .Values.worker.containerSecurityContext (tpl (.Values.worker.extraVolumeMounts | default "") .) (tpl (.Values.worker.extraVolumes | default "") .) (ne (include "seaweedfs.worker.lanceNamespaceUrl" .) "")) | nindent 8 }}
         {{- if eq .Values.worker.data.type "hostPath" }}
         - name: worker-data
           hostPath:

k8s/charts/seaweedfs/values.yaml

@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ global:
     imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
     restartPolicy: Always
     loggingLevel: 1
+    # Writable temporary storage used when containers run with a read-only root filesystem.
+    tmpDir:
+      sizeLimit: ""
     enableSecurity: false
     masterServer: null
     # filerWrite: true mounts security.toml on filer + admin without needing
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ global:
       gatewayHost: null
       gatewayPort: null
       additionalLabels: {}
-    # if enabled will use global.seaweedfs.replicationPlacement and override master & filer defaultReplicaPlacement config
+    # if enabled will use global.seaweedfs.replicationPlacement and override master.defaultReplication & filer.defaultReplicaPlacement config
     enableReplication: false
     #  replication type is XYZ:
     # X number of replica in other data centers
@@ -190,6 +193,8 @@ master:
   podLabels: {}
 
   # Annotations to be added to the master pods
+  # The chart sets checksum/master-config on master pods; other checksum/* keys
+  # can be used for custom rollouts.
   podAnnotations: {}
 
   # Annotations to be added to the master resources
@@ -258,6 +263,8 @@ master:
   #   runAsUser: 1000
   #   runAsGroup: 3000
   #   fsGroup: 2000
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   podSecurityContext: {}
 
   # Configure security context for Container
@@ -266,7 +273,16 @@ master:
   # containerSecurityContext:
   #   enabled: true
   #   runAsUser: 2000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   runAsNonRoot: true
+  #   privileged: false
   #   allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+  #   readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+  #   capabilities:
+  #     drop:
+  #       - ALL
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   containerSecurityContext: {}
 
   ingress:
@@ -276,6 +292,7 @@ master:
     host: "master.seaweedfs.local"
     path: "/sw-master/?(.*)"
     pathType: ImplementationSpecific
+    labels: {}
     annotations: {}
       # nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: "basic"
       # nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: "default/ingress-basic-auth-secret"
@@ -294,6 +311,24 @@ master:
       #   sub_filter_once off;
     tls: []
 
+  # Gateway API HTTPRoute, an alternative to the ingress above.
+  httpRoute:
+    enabled: false
+    labels: {}
+    annotations: {}
+    # Gateways this route attaches to, for example:
+    #   - group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+    #     kind: Gateway
+    #     name: my-gateway
+    #     namespace: gateway-system
+    #     sectionName: https
+    parentRefs: []
+    hostnames: []
+    # Each rule may set matches, filters, timeouts and backendRefs.
+    # A rule without backendRefs routes to the master service.
+    # An empty list routes all traffic there.
+    rules: []
+
   extraEnvironmentVars:
     WEED_MASTER_VOLUME_GROWTH_COPY_1: "7"
     WEED_MASTER_VOLUME_GROWTH_COPY_2: "6"
@@ -557,6 +592,8 @@ volume:
   #   runAsUser: 1000
   #   runAsGroup: 3000
   #   fsGroup: 2000
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   podSecurityContext: {}
 
   # Configure security context for Container
@@ -565,7 +602,16 @@ volume:
   # containerSecurityContext:
   #   enabled: true
   #   runAsUser: 2000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   runAsNonRoot: true
+  #   privileged: false
   #   allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+  #   readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+  #   capabilities:
+  #     drop:
+  #       - ALL
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   containerSecurityContext: {}
 
   # used to configure livenessProbe on volume-server containers
@@ -600,6 +646,7 @@ volume:
     host: "volume.seaweedfs.local"
     path: "/"
     pathType: Prefix
+    labels: {}
     annotations:
       nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/app-root: /ui/index.html
       # nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true"
@@ -618,6 +665,24 @@ volume:
       #   sub_filter '/seaweedfsstatic' './seaweedfsstatic';
       #   sub_filter_once off;
 
+  # Gateway API HTTPRoute, an alternative to the ingress above.
+  httpRoute:
+    enabled: false
+    labels: {}
+    annotations: {}
+    # Gateways this route attaches to, for example:
+    #   - group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+    #     kind: Gateway
+    #     name: my-gateway
+    #     namespace: gateway-system
+    #     sectionName: https
+    parentRefs: []
+    hostnames: []
+    # Each rule may set matches, filters, timeouts and backendRefs.
+    # A rule without backendRefs routes to the volume server service.
+    # An empty list routes all traffic there.
+    rules: []
+
 # Map of named volume groups for topology-aware deployments.
 # Each key inherits all fields from the `volume` section but can override
 # them locally—for example, replicas, nodeSelector, dataCenter, etc.
@@ -771,6 +836,8 @@ filer:
   podLabels: {}
 
   # Annotations to be added to the filer pods
+  # The chart sets checksum/s3config on filer pods; other checksum/* keys can be
+  # used for custom rollouts.
   podAnnotations: {}
 
   # Annotations to be added to the filer resource
@@ -839,6 +906,8 @@ filer:
   #   runAsUser: 1000
   #   runAsGroup: 3000
   #   fsGroup: 2000
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   podSecurityContext: {}
 
   # Configure security context for Container
@@ -847,7 +916,16 @@ filer:
   # containerSecurityContext:
   #   enabled: true
   #   runAsUser: 2000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   runAsNonRoot: true
+  #   privileged: false
   #   allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+  #   readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+  #   capabilities:
+  #     drop:
+  #       - ALL
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   containerSecurityContext: {}
 
   ingresses:
@@ -858,6 +936,7 @@ filer:
       host: "seaweedfs.cluster.local"
       path: "/sw-filer/?(.*)"
       pathType: ImplementationSpecific
+      labels: {}
       annotations: {}
         # nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: GRPC
         # nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: "basic"
@@ -884,6 +963,7 @@ filer:
       # whole host, not the HTTP UI's regex path.
       path: "/"
       pathType: Prefix
+      labels: {}
       annotations:
         # Ingress terminates TLS and re-originates gRPC (HTTP/2) to the filer.
         nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "GRPC"
@@ -895,6 +975,24 @@ filer:
         # requires ingress-nginx to run with --enable-ssl-passthrough.
       tls: []
 
+  # Gateway API HTTPRoute, an alternative to the ingress above.
+  httpRoute:
+    enabled: false
+    labels: {}
+    annotations: {}
+    # Gateways this route attaches to, for example:
+    #   - group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+    #     kind: Gateway
+    #     name: my-gateway
+    #     namespace: gateway-system
+    #     sectionName: https
+    parentRefs: []
+    hostnames: []
+    # Each rule may set matches, filters, timeouts and backendRefs.
+    # A rule without backendRefs routes to the filer service.
+    # An empty list routes all traffic there.
+    rules: []
+
   # extraEnvVars is a list of extra environment variables to set with the stateful set.
   extraEnvironmentVars:
     # the WEED_MYSQL_* keys and the db credential secret only render while this is "true"
@@ -991,6 +1089,17 @@ s3:
   imageOverride: null
   restartPolicy: null
   replicas: 1
+  # Deployment update strategy, rendered as the Deployment's strategy
+  # ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/#strategy
+  # Example:
+  # updateStrategy:
+  #   type: RollingUpdate
+  #   rollingUpdate:
+  #     maxUnavailable: 0
+  #     maxSurge: 25%
+  updateStrategy: {}
+  # Time the s3 pod is given to shut down, including any preStop hook
+  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
   bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
   port: 8333
   # add additional https port
@@ -1074,6 +1183,8 @@ s3:
   podLabels: {}
 
   # Annotations to be added to the s3 pods
+  # The chart sets checksum/s3config on s3 pods; other checksum/* keys can be
+  # used for custom rollouts.
   podAnnotations: {}
 
   # Annotations to be added to the s3 resources
@@ -1117,6 +1228,8 @@ s3:
   #   runAsUser: 1000
   #   runAsGroup: 3000
   #   fsGroup: 2000
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   podSecurityContext: {}
 
   # Configure security context for Container
@@ -1125,7 +1238,16 @@ s3:
   # containerSecurityContext:
   #   enabled: true
   #   runAsUser: 2000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   runAsNonRoot: true
+  #   privileged: false
   #   allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+  #   readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+  #   capabilities:
+  #     drop:
+  #       - ALL
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   containerSecurityContext: {}
 
   # You can also use emptyDir storage:
@@ -1170,6 +1292,17 @@ s3:
     failureThreshold: 100
     timeoutSeconds: 10
 
+  # Lifecycle hooks for the s3 container. A preStop sleep lets the pod leave
+  # the Service endpoints before it receives SIGTERM; keep it shorter than
+  # terminationGracePeriodSeconds.
+  # ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/containers/container-lifecycle-hooks/
+  # Example:
+  # lifecycle:
+  #   preStop:
+  #     exec:
+  #       command: ["sleep", "5"]
+  lifecycle: {}
+
   createBucketsHook:
     resources: {}
 
@@ -1180,10 +1313,29 @@ s3:
     host: "seaweedfs.cluster.local"
     path: "/"
     pathType: Prefix
+    labels: {}
     # additional ingress annotations for the s3 endpoint
     annotations: {}
     tls: []
 
+  # Gateway API HTTPRoute, an alternative to the ingress above.
+  httpRoute:
+    enabled: false
+    labels: {}
+    annotations: {}
+    # Gateways this route attaches to, for example:
+    #   - group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+    #     kind: Gateway
+    #     name: my-gateway
+    #     namespace: gateway-system
+    #     sectionName: https
+    parentRefs: []
+    hostnames: []
+    # Each rule may set matches, filters, timeouts and backendRefs.
+    # A rule without backendRefs routes to the s3 service.
+    # An empty list routes all traffic there.
+    rules: []
+
   # Service settings
   service:
     type: ClusterIP
@@ -1205,6 +1357,7 @@ s3:
     host: "seaweedfs-iceberg.cluster.local"
     path: "/"
     pathType: Prefix
+    labels: {}
     annotations: {}
     tls: []
 
@@ -1214,6 +1367,7 @@ s3:
     host: "seaweedfs-lance.cluster.local"
     path: "/"
     pathType: Prefix
+    labels: {}
     annotations: {}
     tls: []
 
@@ -1274,7 +1428,33 @@ sftp:
   priorityClassName: ""
   schedulerName: ""
   serviceAccountName: ""
+  # Configure security context for Pod
+  # ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/
+  # Example:
+  # podSecurityContext:
+  #   enabled: true
+  #   runAsUser: 1000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   fsGroup: 2000
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   podSecurityContext: {}
+  # Configure security context for Container
+  # ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/
+  # Example:
+  # containerSecurityContext:
+  #   enabled: true
+  #   runAsUser: 2000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   runAsNonRoot: true
+  #   privileged: false
+  #   allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+  #   readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+  #   capabilities:
+  #     drop:
+  #       - ALL
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   containerSecurityContext: {}
 
   logs:
@@ -1321,8 +1501,26 @@ admin:
   replicas: 1
   port: 23646  # Default admin port
   grpcPort: 33646  # Default gRPC port for worker connections
+  # IP address the admin server listens on. Since `weed admin` 4.46 defaults to
+  # loopback (127.0.0.1), the chart must bind a non-loopback address for the
+  # kubelet's httpGet readiness/liveness probes (which dial the pod IP) to ever
+  # succeed. "0.0.0.0" restores the pre-4.46 behaviour of listening on all
+  # interfaces. A non-loopback address requires authentication: set
+  # admin.secret.adminPassword or admin.secret.existingSecret, supply
+  # WEED_ADMIN_PASSWORD via admin.extraEnvironmentVars /
+  # admin.secretExtraEnvironmentVars, or opt out with admin.allowInsecureBind;
+  # otherwise the admin container will exit with a clear error rather than
+  # silently staying unready. The whole
+  # 127.0.0.0/8 range and ::1 are treated as loopback (matching weed admin).
+  # Set to a loopback address only if you also replace the httpGet probes.
+  # Note: the -ip flag requires SeaweedFS 4.46 or newer; pinning
+  # admin.imageOverride to an older image is not supported with this chart.
+  ip: "0.0.0.0"
   loggingOverrideLevel: null
 
+  # INSECURE: allow binding a non-loopback ip without authentication.
+  allowInsecureBind: false
+
   # Admin authentication
   secret:
     # Name of an existing secret containing admin credentials. If set, adminUser and adminPassword below are ignored.
@@ -1403,7 +1601,33 @@ admin:
   priorityClassName: ""
   schedulerName: ""
   serviceAccountName: ""
+  # Configure security context for Pod
+  # ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/
+  # Example:
+  # podSecurityContext:
+  #   enabled: true
+  #   runAsUser: 1000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   fsGroup: 2000
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   podSecurityContext: {}
+  # Configure security context for Container
+  # ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/
+  # Example:
+  # containerSecurityContext:
+  #   enabled: true
+  #   runAsUser: 2000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   runAsNonRoot: true
+  #   privileged: false
+  #   allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+  #   readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+  #   capabilities:
+  #     drop:
+  #       - ALL
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   containerSecurityContext: {}
 
   extraEnvironmentVars: {}
@@ -1445,9 +1669,28 @@ admin:
     host: "admin.seaweedfs.local"
     path: "/"
     pathType: Prefix
+    labels: {}
     annotations: {}
     tls: []
 
+  # Gateway API HTTPRoute, an alternative to the ingress above.
+  httpRoute:
+    enabled: false
+    labels: {}
+    annotations: {}
+    # Gateways this route attaches to, for example:
+    #   - group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+    #     kind: Gateway
+    #     name: my-gateway
+    #     namespace: gateway-system
+    #     sectionName: https
+    parentRefs: []
+    hostnames: []
+    # Each rule may set matches, filters, timeouts and backendRefs.
+    # A rule without backendRefs routes to the admin service.
+    # An empty list routes all traffic there.
+    rules: []
+
   service:
     type: ClusterIP
     annotations: {}
@@ -1559,7 +1802,33 @@ worker:
   priorityClassName: ""
   schedulerName: ""
   serviceAccountName: ""
+  # Configure security context for Pod
+  # ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/
+  # Example:
+  # podSecurityContext:
+  #   enabled: true
+  #   runAsUser: 1000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   fsGroup: 2000
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   podSecurityContext: {}
+  # Configure security context for Container
+  # ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/
+  # Example:
+  # containerSecurityContext:
+  #   enabled: true
+  #   runAsUser: 2000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   runAsNonRoot: true
+  #   privileged: false
+  #   allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+  #   readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+  #   capabilities:
+  #     drop:
+  #       - ALL
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   containerSecurityContext: {}
 
   extraEnvironmentVars: {}
@@ -1766,6 +2035,8 @@ allInOne:
   initContainers: ""  # Init containers
   sidecars: ""  # Sidecar containers
   annotations: {}  # Annotations for the deployment
+  # The chart sets checksum/master-config and checksum/s3config on all-in-one
+  # pods; other checksum/* keys can be used for custom rollouts.
   podAnnotations: {}  # Annotations for the pods
   podLabels: {}  # Labels for the pods
 
@@ -1817,6 +2088,8 @@ allInOne:
   #   runAsUser: 1000
   #   runAsGroup: 3000
   #   fsGroup: 2000
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   podSecurityContext: {}
 
   # Configure security context for Container
@@ -1825,7 +2098,16 @@ allInOne:
   # containerSecurityContext:
   #   enabled: true
   #   runAsUser: 2000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   runAsNonRoot: true
+  #   privileged: false
   #   allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+  #   readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+  #   capabilities:
+  #     drop:
+  #       - ALL
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   containerSecurityContext: {}
 
   # Resource management
@@ -1864,7 +2146,33 @@ cosi:
   # should have a secret key called seaweedfs_s3_config with an inline json configure
   existingConfigSecret: null
 
+  # Configure security context for Pod
+  # ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/
+  # Example:
+  # podSecurityContext:
+  #   enabled: true
+  #   runAsUser: 1000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   fsGroup: 2000
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   podSecurityContext: {}
+  # Configure security context for Container
+  # ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/
+  # Example:
+  # containerSecurityContext:
+  #   enabled: true
+  #   runAsUser: 2000
+  #   runAsGroup: 3000
+  #   runAsNonRoot: true
+  #   privileged: false
+  #   allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+  #   readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+  #   capabilities:
+  #     drop:
+  #       - ALL
+  #   seccompProfile:
+  #     type: RuntimeDefault
   containerSecurityContext: {}
 
   # used to assign a custom scheduler to cosi pods
@@ -1900,6 +2208,9 @@ certificates:
 # Labels to be added to all the created pods
 podLabels: {}
 # Annotations to be added to all the created pods
+# The chart sets checksum/master-config and checksum/s3config on pods whose
+# rendered ConfigMaps or Secrets should trigger rollouts. Other checksum/* keys
+# can be used for custom rollout annotations.
 podAnnotations: {}
 
 networkPolicy:

other/java/client/src/main/proto/filer.proto

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ service SeaweedFiler {
     rpc LookupDirectoryEntry (LookupDirectoryEntryRequest) returns (LookupDirectoryEntryResponse) {
     }
 
+    rpc LookupDirectoryEntries (LookupDirectoryEntriesRequest) returns (LookupDirectoryEntriesResponse) {
+    }
+
     rpc ListEntries (ListEntriesRequest) returns (stream ListEntriesResponse) {
     }
 
@@ -250,9 +253,11 @@ message CreateEntryRequest {
     repeated int32 signatures = 5;
     bool skip_check_parent_directory = 6;
     // Optional precondition evaluated against the current entry atomically with
-    // the write, under the filer's per-path lock. The caller must route the
-    // key's writes to this entry's owner filer for the check to be authoritative.
+    // the write, under the filer's per-path lock.
     WriteCondition condition = 7;
+    // Set on a create a filer forwarded to the entry's ring owner, so the owner
+    // applies it locally instead of forwarding again. Clients leave it unset.
+    bool is_moved = 8;
 }
 
 // WriteCondition is the precondition the filer evaluates against the existing
@@ -561,6 +566,9 @@ message AssignVolumeResponse {
     string error = 8;
     Location location = 9;
     repeated Location replicas = 10;
+    // fsync is the storage rule's fsync decision for the assigned path, so the
+    // client can carry it onto the volume server upload request.
+    bool fsync = 11;
 }
 
 message LookupVolumeRequest {
@@ -576,6 +584,7 @@ message Location {
     string public_url = 2;
     uint32 grpc_port = 3;
     string data_center = 4;
+    bool data_in_remote = 5;
 }
 message LookupVolumeResponse {
     map<string, Locations> locations_map = 1;
@@ -662,6 +671,7 @@ message SubscribeMetadataResponse {
     int64 ts_ns = 3;
     repeated SubscribeMetadataResponse events = 4; // batch of additional events (backlog catch-up)
     repeated LogFileChunkRef log_file_refs = 5;    // log file chunk refs for client direct-read
+    int64 flushed_ts_ns = 6; // local log-buffer flush watermark: everything at or below it is on disk
 }
 message ListMetadataSubscribersRequest {
     repeated string client_types = 1; // optional filter by client type, e.g. "mount"; empty = all
@@ -906,3 +916,40 @@ message MountInfo {
     int64 last_seen_ns = 3;
     string data_center = 4;
 }
+
+// LookupDirectoryEntriesRequest batches independent exact-path lookups into
+// one bounded RPC. Results preserve this order. Empty batches and batches over
+// 4096 requests are rejected. Declared last to keep generated message indices
+// stable.
+message LookupDirectoryEntriesRequest {
+    repeated LookupDirectoryEntryRequest requests = 1;
+    // Cache callers may treat an Entry whose Volume the master no longer
+    // reports as a miss. A lookup the filer could not complete still marks the
+    // Entry with an error. Ordinary filesystem callers keep the fail-closed
+    // error in both cases.
+    bool unavailable_volume_is_miss = 2;
+}
+
+message LookupDirectoryEntryResult {
+    // found reports metadata presence. An error makes this item unusable even
+    // when entry is present, for example when a chunk volume cannot be located.
+    bool found = 1;
+    Entry entry = 2;
+    string error = 3;
+    // Per-entry read fence. Every filer event at or below this position is
+    // reflected in found/entry/error for this item.
+    int64 log_ts_ns = 4;
+    int32 log_signature = 5;
+}
+
+message LookupDirectoryEntriesResponse {
+    repeated LookupDirectoryEntryResult results = 1;
+    // One deduplicated location set for every volume referenced by returned
+    // Entry.chunks. A missing/unavailable volume has an empty Locations value
+    // and marks each affected result with an error.
+    map<string, Locations> locations_map = 2;
+    // Short-lived, exact-FID read capabilities. Direct data-plane clients must
+    // present the matching token to a Volume instead of treating a shared
+    // service credential as authority to read arbitrary needles.
+    map<string, string> read_auth = 3;
+}

other/metrics/grafana_seaweedfs.json

@@ -5869,8 +5869,8 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
           },
-          "title": "Filer Sync Offset Lag",
-          "description": "Seconds behind source (filer.sync); only present when filer sync runs",
+          "title": "Filer Sync Lag",
+          "description": "Seconds the replicated watermark trails the source filer (filer.sync); only present when filer sync runs",
           "type": "timeseries",
           "id": 155,
           "gridPos": {
@@ -5952,10 +5952,10 @@
                 "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
               },
               "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "time() - (SeaweedFS_filerSync_sync_offset{cluster=~\"$cluster\"} > 0) / 1e9",
+              "expr": "SeaweedFS_filerSync_lag_seconds{cluster=~\"$cluster\"}",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A",
-              "legendFormat": "{{clientName}} {{path}}"
+              "legendFormat": "{{sourceFiler}} -> {{targetFiler}} {{path}}"
             }
           ],
           "pluginVersion": "10.3.1"
@@ -6055,6 +6055,423 @@
             }
           ],
           "pluginVersion": "10.3.1"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+          },
+          "title": "Filer Sync Event Rate",
+          "description": "Metadata events read off the source stream, replicated, and failed after retries (filer.sync)",
+          "type": "timeseries",
+          "id": 230,
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 40
+          },
+          "fieldConfig": {
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+              },
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+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 10,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
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+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
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+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 4,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
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+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
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+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
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+              },
+              "mappings": [],
+              "unit": "ops",
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
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+                    "value": null
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
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+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
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+            },
+            "tooltip": {
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+              "sort": "desc"
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+          "targets": [
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+                "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "rate(SeaweedFS_filerSync_events_received_total{cluster=~\"$cluster\"}[$__rate_interval])",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A",
+              "legendFormat": "{{sourceFiler}} -> {{targetFiler}} {{path}} received"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "rate(SeaweedFS_filerSync_events_processed_total{cluster=~\"$cluster\"}[$__rate_interval])",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B",
+              "legendFormat": "{{sourceFiler}} -> {{targetFiler}} {{path}} processed"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "rate(SeaweedFS_filerSync_events_failed_total{cluster=~\"$cluster\"}[$__rate_interval])",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "C",
+              "legendFormat": "{{sourceFiler}} -> {{targetFiler}} {{path}} failed"
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+          "pluginVersion": "10.3.1"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+          },
+          "title": "Filer Sync Throughput",
+          "description": "Chunk data bytes carried by sync events: the chunk delta, so deletes, renames, and attribute-only updates count zero (filer.sync)",
+          "type": "timeseries",
+          "id": 231,
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 40
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+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
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+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
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+                "pointSize": 4,
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+                "stacking": {
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+                  "mode": "off"
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+              "mappings": [],
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+              "thresholds": {
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+              "expr": "rate(SeaweedFS_filerSync_received_bytes_total{cluster=~\"$cluster\"}[$__rate_interval])",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A",
+              "legendFormat": "{{sourceFiler}} -> {{targetFiler}} {{path}} received"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
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+                "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "rate(SeaweedFS_filerSync_processed_bytes_total{cluster=~\"$cluster\"}[$__rate_interval])",
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+          "pluginVersion": "10.3.1"
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+        {
+          "datasource": {
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+            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
+          },
+          "title": "Filer Sync In-flight Jobs",
+          "description": "Jobs currently replicating; pinned at -concurrency means the sync itself is the bottleneck, near zero means caught up or starved by the source (filer.sync)",
+          "type": "timeseries",
+          "id": 232,
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+            "w": 12,
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seaweed-common/Cargo.lock

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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0eee52d38c090b3caa76c563b86c3a4bd71ef1a819287c19d586d7334ae8ed66"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_msvc"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "240948bc05c5e7c6dabba28bf89d89ffce3e303022809e73deaefe4f6ec56c66"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "147a5c80aabfbf0c7d901cb5895d1de30ef2907eb21fbbab29ca94c5b08b1a78"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "24d5b23dc417412679681396f2b49f3de8c1473deb516bd34410872eff51ed0d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "589f6da84c646204747d1270a2a5661ea66ed1cced2631d546fdfb155959f9ec"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zeroize"
+version = "1.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e13c156562582aa81c60cb29407084cdb54c4164760106ab78e6c5b0858cf64e"

seaweed-common/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[package]
+name = "seaweed-common"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+# The lower of the two consumers' floors (seaweed-volume 1.91.1,
+# seaweed-worker 1.94.1), so depending on this crate cannot raise either
+# tree's MSRV. Verified with `cargo +1.91.1 check --all-targets`.
+rust-version = "1.91.1"
+description = "Helpers shared by the SeaweedFS Rust volume server and the Rust plugin workers"
+
+# There is no root manifest: seaweed-volume and seaweed-worker are separate
+# cargo trees with their own lockfiles, and this crate is a path dependency of
+# both rather than a member of either. Keeping the lint policy identical in all
+# three manifests is what stops them drifting.
+[lints.clippy]
+# Protobuf message literals keep `..Default::default()` on purpose: it is
+# what lets a proto gain a field without touching every constructor.
+needless_update = "allow"
+
+[dependencies]
+# The same requirement both consumers already write. Cargo unifies all
+# semver-compatible `rustls = "0.23"` requirements into one crate per binary,
+# which is what makes `install_default_crypto_provider` write the same
+# process-wide static the consuming crate reads. rustls is already in both
+# trees (the volume server directly, seaweed-worker-core through tonic's
+# `tls-aws-lc`), so this adds no crate to either graph.
+rustls = "0.23"

seaweed-common/src/address.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+//! SeaweedFS server addresses, the way the Go tree does them.
+//!
+//! An operator gives a SeaweedFS process an HTTP address and the gRPC port is
+//! derived from it rather than asked for separately: `host:port` means gRPC on
+//! `port + 10000`, and the explicit `host:port.grpcPort` form names it outright.
+//! Dialling the HTTP port by mistake fails as "frame with invalid size", which
+//! reads like a protocol bug rather than a wrong port, so the rule is worth its
+//! own module. Mirrors `pb.ServerToGrpcAddress` in
+//! `weed/pb/grpc_client_server.go`.
+//!
+//! The volume server and the workers each had their own copy of this and the
+//! copies had drifted: the worker's bracketed IPv6 literals and the volume
+//! server's did not, so `::1:19333` produced `::1:29333`, which the HTTP
+//! authority parser rejects. One implementation, two thin wrappers.
+
+use std::fmt;
+use std::num::ParseIntError;
+
+/// SeaweedFS's HTTP↔gRPC port-offset convention.
+pub const GRPC_PORT_OFFSET: u16 = 10000;
+
+/// Why an address could not be turned into a gRPC address.
+///
+/// The `Display` text is the volume server's original wording, because its
+/// `parse_grpc_address` wrapper hands it straight to callers that put it in a
+/// `Status` or an `io::Error`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub enum AddressError {
+    /// No `:` at all, so there is no port to translate.
+    MissingPort(String),
+    /// The HTTP port of the `host:port.grpcPort` form is not a `u16`. It is
+    /// validated even though it is then discarded, so that a malformed address
+    /// is rejected here instead of failing later as an opaque connect error.
+    InvalidHttpPort { port: String, source: ParseIntError },
+    /// The gRPC port of the `host:port.grpcPort` form is not a `u16`.
+    InvalidGrpcPort { port: String, source: ParseIntError },
+    /// The port of the `host:port` form is not a `u16`.
+    InvalidPort { port: String, source: ParseIntError },
+    /// `port + GRPC_PORT_OFFSET` leaves the TCP port range, e.g. `host:60000`.
+    /// Without the check the cast would wrap silently.
+    ImplicitGrpcPortOutOfRange(u16),
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for AddressError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::MissingPort(address) => write!(f, "cannot parse address: {address}"),
+            Self::InvalidHttpPort { port, source } => {
+                write!(f, "invalid http port {port:?}: {source}")
+            }
+            Self::InvalidGrpcPort { port, source } => {
+                write!(f, "invalid grpc port {port:?}: {source}")
+            }
+            Self::InvalidPort { port, source } => write!(f, "invalid port {port:?}: {source}"),
+            Self::ImplicitGrpcPortOutOfRange(port) => write!(
+                f,
+                "implicit grpc port out of range: {port} + {GRPC_PORT_OFFSET} = {}",
+                u32::from(*port) + u32::from(GRPC_PORT_OFFSET)
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for AddressError {
+    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)> {
+        match self {
+            Self::InvalidHttpPort { source, .. }
+            | Self::InvalidGrpcPort { source, .. }
+            | Self::InvalidPort { source, .. } => Some(source),
+            Self::MissingPort(_) | Self::ImplicitGrpcPortOutOfRange(_) => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Turn a SeaweedFS server address (`"host:port.grpcPort"` or `"host:port"`)
+/// into the `host:grpcPort` form the endpoint builders expect.
+///
+/// With the trailing `.grpcPort` segment that segment *is* the gRPC port;
+/// without it the gRPC port is `port + GRPC_PORT_OFFSET`. An unbracketed IPv6
+/// literal comes back bracketed, because otherwise the port reads as part of
+/// the address.
+pub fn to_grpc_address(server: &str) -> Result<String, AddressError> {
+    // rfind, not find: an IPv6 literal is full of colons and the port is after
+    // the last one.
+    let colon_idx = server
+        .rfind(':')
+        .ok_or_else(|| AddressError::MissingPort(server.to_string()))?;
+    let host = &server[..colon_idx];
+    let port_part = &server[colon_idx + 1..];
+
+    // rfind again rather than split_once: the host may be an IPv4 address, and
+    // only the part after the last colon is being split here anyway.
+    if let Some(dot_idx) = port_part.rfind('.') {
+        let http_port = &port_part[..dot_idx];
+        let grpc_port = &port_part[dot_idx + 1..];
+        http_port
+            .parse::<u16>()
+            .map_err(|source| AddressError::InvalidHttpPort {
+                port: http_port.to_string(),
+                source,
+            })?;
+        let grpc_port =
+            grpc_port
+                .parse::<u16>()
+                .map_err(|source| AddressError::InvalidGrpcPort {
+                    port: grpc_port.to_string(),
+                    source,
+                })?;
+        return Ok(join_host_port(host, grpc_port));
+    }
+
+    let port: u16 = port_part
+        .parse()
+        .map_err(|source| AddressError::InvalidPort {
+            port: port_part.to_string(),
+            source,
+        })?;
+    let grpc_port = port
+        .checked_add(GRPC_PORT_OFFSET)
+        .ok_or(AddressError::ImplicitGrpcPortOutOfRange(port))?;
+    Ok(join_host_port(host, grpc_port))
+}
+
+/// Join a host and a port, bracketing an IPv6 literal that is not bracketed
+/// already. Public because the address rule is not the only place that has to
+/// put a host and a port back together.
+pub fn join_host_port(host: &str, port: u16) -> String {
+    // An IPv6 literal has to keep its brackets or the port reads as part of it.
+    if host.contains(':') && !host.starts_with('[') {
+        format!("[{host}]:{port}")
+    } else {
+        format!("{host}:{port}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::{AddressError, GRPC_PORT_OFFSET, join_host_port, to_grpc_address};
+
+    // ---- the volume server's cases -------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dotted_form_states_the_grpc_port() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_grpc_address("127.0.0.1:8080.18080").unwrap(),
+            "127.0.0.1:18080"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_grpc_address("192.168.1.66:8080.18080").unwrap(),
+            "192.168.1.66:18080"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn implicit_form_adds_the_offset() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_grpc_address("127.0.0.1:8080").unwrap(),
+            "127.0.0.1:18080"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_grpc_address("192.168.1.66:8080").unwrap(),
+            "192.168.1.66:18080"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_grpc_address("localhost:9333").unwrap(),
+            "localhost:19333"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_dotted_grpc_port_comes_back_normalised() {
+        // The volume server's copy validated this segment as a u16 and then
+        // emitted the original text, so a padded or signed port produced an
+        // authority the URI parser rejects. The parsed value is emitted now.
+        assert_eq!(to_grpc_address("host:8080.018080").unwrap(), "host:18080");
+        assert_eq!(to_grpc_address("host:8080.+18080").unwrap(), "host:18080");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn an_ipv4_host_is_not_confused_with_the_dotted_port() {
+        // Regression: a naive split on '.' breaks on IP addresses.
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_grpc_address("10.0.0.1:8080.18080").unwrap(),
+            "10.0.0.1:18080"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(to_grpc_address("10.0.0.1:8080").unwrap(), "10.0.0.1:18080");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_a_non_numeric_http_port_in_the_dotted_form() {
+        let err = to_grpc_address("host:abc.18080").unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(err, AddressError::InvalidHttpPort { .. }),
+            "{err:?}"
+        );
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("invalid http port"), "{err}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_a_non_numeric_grpc_port_in_the_dotted_form() {
+        let err = to_grpc_address("host:8080.xyz").unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(err, AddressError::InvalidGrpcPort { .. }),
+            "{err:?}"
+        );
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("invalid grpc port"), "{err}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_an_implicit_port_that_leaves_the_tcp_range() {
+        let err = to_grpc_address("127.0.0.1:60000").unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(err, AddressError::ImplicitGrpcPortOutOfRange(60000)),
+            "{err:?}"
+        );
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("out of range"), "{err}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_messages_are_the_volume_servers_wording_verbatim() {
+        // parse_grpc_address hands these straight to callers that put them in a
+        // Status or an io::Error, so the whole string is the contract, not just
+        // the substring the older tests match on. Only the two variants whose
+        // text is entirely ours are pinned exactly; the other three end in a
+        // std ParseIntError message, which is std's to reword.
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_grpc_address("127.0.0.1:60000").unwrap_err().to_string(),
+            "implicit grpc port out of range: 60000 + 10000 = 70000"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_grpc_address("hostname").unwrap_err().to_string(),
+            "cannot parse address: hostname"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_an_address_without_a_port() {
+        for source in ["hostname", "no-colon", "localhost"] {
+            let err = to_grpc_address(source).unwrap_err();
+            assert!(matches!(err, AddressError::MissingPort(_)), "{err:?}");
+            assert!(err.to_string().contains("cannot parse"), "{err}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- the worker's cases --------------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn derives_the_grpc_port() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_grpc_address("localhost:23646").unwrap(),
+            "localhost:33646"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_grpc_address("127.0.0.1:9333").unwrap(),
+            "127.0.0.1:19333"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn honours_an_explicit_grpc_port() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_grpc_address("localhost:23646.33999").unwrap(),
+            "localhost:33999"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_what_it_cannot_parse() {
+        let err = to_grpc_address("localhost:notaport").unwrap_err();
+        assert!(matches!(err, AddressError::InvalidPort { .. }), "{err:?}");
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("invalid port"), "{err}");
+    }
+
+    // ---- IPv6, which only the worker's copy handled --------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn brackets_ipv6_literals() {
+        assert_eq!(to_grpc_address("::1:23646").unwrap(), "[::1]:33646");
+        assert_eq!(to_grpc_address("::1:9333").unwrap(), "[::1]:19333");
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_grpc_address("fe80::1:9333.19333").unwrap(),
+            "[fe80::1]:19333"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn leaves_an_already_bracketed_literal_alone() {
+        assert_eq!(to_grpc_address("[::1]:9333").unwrap(), "[::1]:19333");
+        assert_eq!(to_grpc_address("[::1]:9333.19333").unwrap(), "[::1]:19333");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn join_host_port_brackets_only_unbracketed_literals() {
+        assert_eq!(join_host_port("127.0.0.1", 19333), "127.0.0.1:19333");
+        assert_eq!(join_host_port("localhost", 19333), "localhost:19333");
+        assert_eq!(join_host_port("::1", 19333), "[::1]:19333");
+        assert_eq!(join_host_port("[::1]", 19333), "[::1]:19333");
+    }
+
+    // ---- the offset itself ---------------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_offset_is_the_seaweedfs_convention() {
+        assert_eq!(GRPC_PORT_OFFSET, 10000);
+    }
+}

seaweed-common/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//! Helpers the SeaweedFS Rust volume server and the Rust plugin workers both need.
+//!
+//! `seaweed-volume` and `seaweed-worker` are separate cargo trees with separate
+//! lockfiles and no root manifest, so anything both of them need was, until this
+//! crate existed, written twice. The two things in here are the ones where a
+//! second copy is a correctness risk rather than a typing cost: the HTTP↔gRPC
+//! address rule, which two copies had already drifted on, and the process-wide
+//! rustls provider, which only works if every binary installs the same one.
+
+pub mod address;
+pub mod tls;

seaweed-common/src/tls.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//! The process-wide rustls crypto provider.
+//!
+//! Both binaries link aws-lc-rs and ring transitively — in the volume server
+//! through the AWS SDK and reqwest, in the lance worker through lance's `aws`
+//! backend and reqwest — so rustls cannot auto-select a provider and tonic's
+//! client TLS panics on first use. Each binary has to pin one, and it has to be
+//! the same one, which is why the choice lives here rather than in either tree.
+
+use rustls::crypto::aws_lc_rs;
+
+/// Pin rustls's process-wide default provider to aws-lc-rs, matching the
+/// volume server's TLS config. Idempotent: the first call wins and every
+/// later one is a no-op, so callers do not have to coordinate.
+pub fn install_default_crypto_provider() {
+    let _ = aws_lc_rs::default_provider().install_default();
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::install_default_crypto_provider;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn installing_is_idempotent_and_leaves_a_default_behind() {
+        install_default_crypto_provider();
+        install_default_crypto_provider();
+        assert!(rustls::crypto::CryptoProvider::get_default().is_some());
+    }
+}

seaweed-volume/Cargo.lock

@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustls-pki-types",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-rustls",
- "tower 0.5.3",
+ "tower",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
@@ -628,13 +628,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "axum"
-version = "0.7.9"
+version = "0.8.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "edca88bc138befd0323b20752846e6587272d3b03b0343c8ea28a6f819e6e71f"
+checksum = "31b698c5f9a010f6573133b09e0de5408834d0c82f8d7475a89fc1867a71cd90"
 dependencies = [
- "async-trait",
  "axum-core",
  "bytes",
+ "form_urlencoded",
  "futures-util",
  "http 1.4.0",
  "http-body 1.0.1",
@@ -648,14 +648,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "multer",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "rustversion",
- "serde",
+ "serde_core",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_path_to_error",
  "serde_urlencoded",
  "sync_wrapper",
  "tokio",
- "tower 0.5.3",
+ "tower",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
@@ -663,19 +662,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "axum-core"
-version = "0.4.5"
+version = "0.5.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "09f2bd6146b97ae3359fa0cc6d6b376d9539582c7b4220f041a33ec24c226199"
+checksum = "08c78f31d7b1291f7ee735c1c6780ccde7785daae9a9206026862dab7d8792d1"
 dependencies = [
- "async-trait",
  "bytes",
- "futures-util",
+ "futures-core",
  "http 1.4.0",
  "http-body 1.0.1",
  "http-body-util",
  "mime",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "rustversion",
  "sync_wrapper",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
@@ -1654,19 +1651,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-sink",
  "http 1.4.0",
- "indexmap 2.13.1",
+ "indexmap",
  "slab",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-util",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.12.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8a9ee70c43aaf417c914396645a0fa852624801b24ebb7ae78fe8272889ac888"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.14.5"
@@ -1860,7 +1851,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "socket2 0.6.3",
+ "socket2",
  "tokio",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
@@ -2027,16 +2018,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "quick-error",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "indexmap"
-version = "1.9.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bd070e393353796e801d209ad339e89596eb4c8d430d18ede6a1cced8fafbd99"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "hashbrown 0.12.3",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "2.13.1"
@@ -2250,9 +2231,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "matchit"
-version = "0.7.3"
+version = "0.8.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0e7465ac9959cc2b1404e8e2367b43684a6d13790fe23056cc8c6c5a6b7bcb94"
+checksum = "47e1ffaa40ddd1f3ed91f717a33c8c0ee23fff369e3aa8772b9605cc1d22f4c3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "md-5"
@@ -2619,17 +2600,18 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b4c5cc86750666a3ed20bdaf5ca2a0344f9c67674cae0515bec2da16fbaa47db"
 dependencies = [
  "fixedbitset 0.4.2",
- "indexmap 2.13.1",
+ "indexmap",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "petgraph"
-version = "0.7.1"
+version = "0.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3672b37090dbd86368a4145bc067582552b29c27377cad4e0a306c97f9bd7772"
+checksum = "8701b58ea97060d5e5b155d383a69952a60943f0e6dfe30b04c287beb0b27455"
 dependencies = [
  "fixedbitset 0.5.7",
- "indexmap 2.13.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.15.5",
+ "indexmap",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2836,12 +2818,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prost"
-version = "0.13.5"
+version = "0.14.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2796faa41db3ec313a31f7624d9286acf277b52de526150b7e69f3debf891ee5"
+checksum = "528ac67416ff8646872a3c02cad9cc4ee5dc9f9540c9b10771855c95cb2e5ae1"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
- "prost-derive 0.13.5",
+ "prost-derive 0.14.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2867,19 +2849,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prost-build"
-version = "0.13.5"
+version = "0.14.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "be769465445e8c1474e9c5dac2018218498557af32d9ed057325ec9a41ae81bf"
+checksum = "03da047801ff44bb6a4d407d4860c05fd70bb81714e6b2f3812603d5b145b042"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "itertools 0.14.0",
  "log",
  "multimap",
- "once_cell",
- "petgraph 0.7.1",
+ "petgraph 0.8.3",
  "prettyplease",
- "prost 0.13.5",
- "prost-types 0.13.5",
+ "prost 0.14.4",
+ "prost-types 0.14.4",
+ "pulldown-cmark",
+ "pulldown-cmark-to-cmark",
  "regex",
  "syn",
  "tempfile",
@@ -2900,9 +2883,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prost-derive"
-version = "0.13.5"
+version = "0.14.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8a56d757972c98b346a9b766e3f02746cde6dd1cd1d1d563472929fdd74bec4d"
+checksum = "b570b25f7617e43d59005d0990ccb79e950a423952cea19671b7a876da390adf"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "itertools 0.14.0",
@@ -2922,11 +2905,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prost-types"
-version = "0.13.5"
+version = "0.14.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "52c2c1bf36ddb1a1c396b3601a3cec27c2462e45f07c386894ec3ccf5332bd16"
+checksum = "f94967dc7688f3054c7fac87473ffae4cc4c3904800e2d9f5b857246d8963b0a"
 dependencies = [
- "prost 0.13.5",
+ "prost 0.14.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2993,6 +2976,26 @@ version = "3.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "95067976aca6421a523e491fce939a3e65249bac4b977adee0ee9771568e8aa3"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pulldown-cmark"
+version = "0.13.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e9f068eba8e7071c5f9511831b44f32c740d5adf574e990f946ddb53db2f314e"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "memchr",
+ "unicase",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pulldown-cmark-to-cmark"
+version = "22.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ab1ad36992cead65f02aa399a373a42730922f1525d988172634fdefdecb8a60"
+dependencies = [
+ "pulldown-cmark",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pxfm"
 version = "0.1.28"
@@ -3018,7 +3021,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "quinn-udp",
  "rustc-hash",
  "rustls",
- "socket2 0.6.3",
+ "socket2",
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
@@ -3056,7 +3059,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg_aliases",
  "libc",
  "once_cell",
- "socket2 0.6.3",
+ "socket2",
  "tracing",
  "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]
@@ -3160,9 +3163,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redb"
-version = "3.1.3"
+version = "4.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4ba239c1c1693315d3cc0e601db3b3965543afbf48c41730fdca2f069f510f4a"
+checksum = "de6c3b63e007e90ce536ec2ae4690826136a20ec8dbbbb400daef1bb999d2e36"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -3262,8 +3265,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio",
  "tokio-rustls",
  "tokio-util",
- "tower 0.5.3",
- "tower-http 0.6.8",
+ "tower",
+ "tower-http",
  "tower-service",
  "url",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -3484,6 +3487,13 @@ version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "seaweed-common"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustls",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "sec1"
 version = "0.3.0"
@@ -3719,16 +3729,6 @@ version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1b6b67fb9a61334225b5b790716f609cd58395f895b3fe8b328786812a40bc3b"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "socket2"
-version = "0.5.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e22376abed350d73dd1cd119b57ffccad95b4e585a7cda43e286245ce23c0678"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
 version = "0.6.3"
@@ -3990,7 +3990,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "signal-hook-registry",
- "socket2 0.6.3",
+ "socket2",
  "tokio-macros",
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
@@ -4077,7 +4077,7 @@ version = "0.22.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "41fe8c660ae4257887cf66394862d21dbca4a6ddd26f04a3560410406a2f819a"
 dependencies = [
- "indexmap 2.13.1",
+ "indexmap",
  "serde",
  "serde_spanned",
  "toml_datetime",
@@ -4093,11 +4093,10 @@ checksum = "5d99f8c9a7727884afe522e9bd5edbfc91a3312b36a77b5fb8926e4c31a41801"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tonic"
-version = "0.12.3"
+version = "0.14.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "877c5b330756d856ffcc4553ab34a5684481ade925ecc54bcd1bf02b1d0d4d52"
+checksum = "ac2a5518c70fa84342385732db33fb3f44bc4cc748936eb5833d2df34d6445ef"
 dependencies = [
- "async-stream",
  "async-trait",
  "axum",
  "base64",
@@ -4111,13 +4110,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "hyper-util",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project",
- "prost 0.13.5",
- "rustls-pemfile",
- "socket2 0.5.10",
+ "socket2",
+ "sync_wrapper",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-rustls",
  "tokio-stream",
- "tower 0.4.13",
+ "tower",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
@@ -4125,49 +4123,55 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tonic-build"
-version = "0.12.3"
+version = "0.14.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9557ce109ea773b399c9b9e5dca39294110b74f1f342cb347a80d1fce8c26a11"
+checksum = "c68f61875ac5293cf72e6c8cf0158086428c82c37229e98c840878f1706b0322"
 dependencies = [
  "prettyplease",
  "proc-macro2",
- "prost-build 0.13.5",
- "prost-types 0.13.5",
  "quote",
  "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tonic-reflection"
-version = "0.12.3"
+name = "tonic-prost"
+version = "0.14.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "878d81f52e7fcfd80026b7fdb6a9b578b3c3653ba987f87f0dce4b64043cba27"
+checksum = "50849f68853be452acf590cde0b146665b8d507b3b8af17261df47e02c209ea0"
 dependencies = [
- "prost 0.13.5",
- "prost-types 0.13.5",
- "tokio",
- "tokio-stream",
+ "bytes",
+ "prost 0.14.4",
  "tonic",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tower"
-version = "0.4.13"
+name = "tonic-prost-build"
+version = "0.14.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b8fa9be0de6cf49e536ce1851f987bd21a43b771b09473c3549a6c853db37c1c"
+checksum = "654e5643eff75d7f8c99197ce1440ed19a3474eada74c12bbac488b2cafdae27"
 dependencies = [
- "futures-core",
- "futures-util",
- "indexmap 1.9.3",
- "pin-project",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "rand 0.8.7",
- "slab",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "prost-build 0.14.4",
+ "prost-types 0.14.4",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+ "tempfile",
+ "tonic-build",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tonic-reflection"
+version = "0.14.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "acccd136a4bf19810a1fde9c74edc6129b42a66b44d0c1c8aaa67aeb49a146a7"
+dependencies = [
+ "prost 0.14.4",
+ "prost-types 0.14.4",
  "tokio",
- "tokio-util",
- "tower-layer",
- "tower-service",
- "tracing",
+ "tokio-stream",
+ "tonic",
+ "tonic-prost",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4178,26 +4182,12 @@ checksum = "ebe5ef63511595f1344e2d5cfa636d973292adc0eec1f0ad45fae9f0851ab1d4"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-util",
+ "indexmap",
  "pin-project-lite",
+ "slab",
  "sync_wrapper",
  "tokio",
- "tower-layer",
- "tower-service",
- "tracing",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "tower-http"
-version = "0.5.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1e9cd434a998747dd2c4276bc96ee2e0c7a2eadf3cae88e52be55a05fa9053f5"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
- "bytes",
- "http 1.4.0",
- "http-body 1.0.1",
- "http-body-util",
- "pin-project-lite",
+ "tokio-util",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
@@ -4216,9 +4206,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "http-body 1.0.1",
  "iri-string",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "tower 0.5.3",
+ "tower",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
+ "tracing",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4495,7 +4486,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "bb0e353e6a2fbdc176932bbaab493762eb1255a7900fe0fea1a2f96c296cc909"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "indexmap 2.13.1",
+ "indexmap",
  "wasm-encoder",
  "wasmparser",
 ]
@@ -4521,7 +4512,7 @@ checksum = "47b807c72e1bac69382b3a6fb3dbe8ea4c0ed87ff5629b8685ae6b9a611028fe"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.0",
  "hashbrown 0.15.5",
- "indexmap 2.13.1",
+ "indexmap",
  "semver",
 ]
 
@@ -4564,6 +4555,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "aws-config",
  "aws-credential-types",
  "aws-sdk-s3",
+ "aws-smithy-runtime-api",
  "aws-types",
  "axum",
  "base64",
@@ -4582,7 +4574,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "image",
  "jsonwebtoken",
  "kamadak-exif",
- "lazy_static",
  "libc",
  "md-5",
  "memmap2",
@@ -4591,8 +4582,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pprof",
  "prometheus",
- "prost 0.13.5",
- "prost-types 0.13.5",
+ "prost 0.14.4",
+ "prost-types 0.14.4",
  "protoc-bin-vendored",
  "rand 0.10.2",
  "redb",
@@ -4601,6 +4592,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustls",
  "rustls-pemfile",
  "rusty-leveldb",
+ "seaweed-common",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_urlencoded",
@@ -4613,13 +4605,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio-stream",
  "toml",
  "tonic",
- "tonic-build",
+ "tonic-prost",
+ "tonic-prost-build",
  "tonic-reflection",
- "tower 0.4.13",
- "tower-http 0.5.2",
+ "tower",
+ "tower-http",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
  "uuid",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
  "x509-parser",
  "xxhash-rust",
 ]
@@ -4966,7 +4960,7 @@ checksum = "b7c566e0f4b284dd6561c786d9cb0142da491f46a9fbed79ea69cdad5db17f21"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "heck",
- "indexmap 2.13.1",
+ "indexmap",
  "prettyplease",
  "syn",
  "wasm-metadata",
@@ -4997,7 +4991,7 @@ checksum = "9d66ea20e9553b30172b5e831994e35fbde2d165325bec84fc43dbf6f4eb9cb2"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bitflags 2.11.0",
- "indexmap 2.13.1",
+ "indexmap",
  "log",
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
@@ -5016,7 +5010,7 @@ checksum = "ecc8ac4bc1dc3381b7f59c34f00b67e18f910c2c0f50015669dde7def656a736"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "id-arena",
- "indexmap 2.13.1",
+ "indexmap",
  "log",
  "semver",
  "serde",

seaweed-volume/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 [package]
 name = "weed-volume"
 version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2021"
+edition = "2024"
+# The edition needs 1.85; the dependency tree needs more. Verified with
+# `cargo +1.91.1 check --all-targets` (1.90 fails on the AWS SDK).
+rust-version = "1.91.1"
 description = "SeaweedFS Volume Server — Rust implementation"
 
 [lib]
@@ -16,33 +19,48 @@ path = "src/main.rs"
 # Disable with --no-default-features for 4-byte offsets (32GB max volume size).
 default = ["5bytes"]
 5bytes = []
+# Unstable redb cursor bulk-load for full_rebuild. Off in production.
+# Pulls redb's experimental_cursor (and therefore experimental-api-5).
+redb-experimental-cursor = ["redb/experimental_cursor"]
+
+[lints.clippy]
+# Protobuf message literals keep `..Default::default()` on purpose: it is
+# what lets a proto gain a field without touching every constructor.
+needless_update = "allow"
+# Every `unsafe` block states its precondition, right above the block.
+undocumented_unsafe_blocks = "warn"
 
 [dependencies]
+# Helpers the Rust plugin workers (seaweed-worker) need as well. A path
+# dependency because the two trees are separate cargo workspaces with no
+# common root manifest.
+seaweed-common = { path = "../seaweed-common" }
+
 # Async runtime
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
 tokio-stream = { version = "0.1", features = ["net"] }
 tokio-io-timeout = "1"
 
 # gRPC + protobuf
-tonic = { version = "0.12", features = ["tls"] }
-tonic-reflection = "0.12"
-prost = "0.13"
-prost-types = "0.13"
+tonic = { version = "0.14", features = ["tls-aws-lc"] }
+tonic-prost = "0.14"
+tonic-reflection = "0.14"
+prost = "0.14"
+prost-types = "0.14"
 
 # HTTP server
-axum = { version = "0.7", features = ["multipart"] }
+axum = { version = "0.8", features = ["multipart"] }
 http-body = "1"
 hyper = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
 hyper-util = { version = "0.1", features = ["tokio", "service", "server-auto", "http1", "http2"] }
-tower = "0.4"
-tower-http = { version = "0.5", features = ["cors", "trace"] }
+tower = { version = "0.5", features = ["util"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.6", features = ["cors", "trace"] }
 
 # CLI
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
 
 # Metrics
 prometheus = { version = "0.13", default-features = false, features = ["process"] }
-lazy_static = "1"
 
 # JWT
 jsonwebtoken = { version = "10", features = ["rust_crypto"] }
@@ -57,7 +75,7 @@ rustls-pemfile = "2"
 rusty-leveldb = "3"
 
 # Disk-backed needle map (alternative to in-memory HashMap)
-redb = "3"
+redb = "4"
 
 # Reed-Solomon erasure coding
 reed-solomon-erasure = "6"
@@ -132,11 +150,19 @@ aws-types = "1"
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
 pprof = { version = "0.15", features = ["prost-codec"] }
 
+# GetDiskFreeSpaceExW for per-path disk capacity on Windows (0.61.2 already
+# in the tree via tempfile/mio, so this unifies rather than adding a version).
+[target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
+windows-sys = { version = "0.61", features = ["Win32_Storage_FileSystem"] }
+
 [dev-dependencies]
 tempfile = "3"
+# Already a transitive dependency of aws-sdk-s3 at a single locked version;
+# needed directly only for the canned HttpClient in remote_storage::s3 tests.
+aws-smithy-runtime-api = "1"
 
 [build-dependencies]
-tonic-build = "0.12"
+tonic-prost-build = "0.14"
 # Ships protoc with the build so neither CI nor a developer needs a system
 # install, and so the version is pinned rather than whatever the platform's
 # package manager happens to carry.

seaweed-volume/README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ A drop-in replacement for the [SeaweedFS](https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs
 
 ## Building
 
-Requires Rust 1.75+ (2021 edition).
+Requires Rust 1.91.1+ (2024 edition), matching `rust-version` in `Cargo.toml`.
+The patch release matters: 1.91.0 does not build. The edition itself only needs
+1.85; the higher floor comes from the dependency tree — chiefly the AWS SDK — so
+it moves with those crates. CI builds on the latest stable.
 
 ```bash
 cd seaweed-volume

seaweed-volume/build.rs

@@ -3,11 +3,16 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     // one, so the build needs no package manager and always sees the same
     // version. An explicit PROTOC still wins, for packagers supplying their own.
     if std::env::var_os("PROTOC").is_none() {
-        std::env::set_var("PROTOC", protoc_bin_vendored::protoc_bin_path()?);
+        // SAFETY: a build script's main runs single-threaded before anything
+        // else in this process, so no other thread can be reading the
+        // environment concurrently.
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("PROTOC", protoc_bin_vendored::protoc_bin_path()?);
+        }
     }
 
     let out_dir = std::path::PathBuf::from(std::env::var("OUT_DIR")?);
-    tonic_build::configure()
+    tonic_prost_build::configure()
         .build_server(true)
         .build_client(true)
         // filer.proto uses proto3 optional, which protoc rejects without this

seaweed-volume/proto/master.proto

@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ message VolumeInformationMessage {
   uint64 delete_count = 5;
   uint64 deleted_byte_count = 6;
   bool read_only = 7;
+  bool read_only_can_delete = 17;
   uint32 replica_placement = 8;
   uint32 version = 9;
   uint32 ttl = 10;
@@ -164,6 +165,8 @@ message VolumeShortInformationMessage {
   uint32 ttl = 10;
   string disk_type = 15;
   uint32 disk_id = 16;
+  bool read_only = 17;
+  bool read_only_can_delete = 18;
 }
 
 message VolumeEcShardInformationMessage {
@@ -210,6 +213,9 @@ message KeepConnectedRequest {
   string filer_group = 5;
   string data_center = 6;
   string rack = 7;
+  // A draining filer leaves the lock ring but stays a cluster member, so peers
+  // keep following its metadata until the stream closes.
+  bool leave_lock_ring = 8;
 }
 
 message VolumeLocation {
@@ -222,6 +228,9 @@ message VolumeLocation {
   uint32 grpc_port = 7;
   repeated uint32 new_ec_vids = 8;
   repeated uint32 deleted_ec_vids = 9;
+  repeated uint32 remote_vids = 10;
+  repeated uint32 read_only_vids = 11;
+  repeated uint32 read_only_can_delete_vids = 12;
 }
 
 message ClusterNodeUpdate {
@@ -267,6 +276,9 @@ message Location {
   string public_url = 2;
   uint32 grpc_port = 3;
   string data_center = 4;
+  bool data_in_remote = 5;
+  bool read_only = 6;
+  bool read_only_can_delete = 7;
 }
 
 message AssignRequest {

seaweed-volume/proto/remote.proto

@@ -75,4 +75,6 @@ message RemoteStorageLocation {
   string name = 1;
   string bucket = 2;
   string path = 3;
+  int32 listing_cache_ttl_seconds = 4; // 0 = disabled; >0 enables on-demand directory listing with this TTL in seconds
+  optional int32 cache_wait_ms = 5; // unset = size based default; 0 = read straight from the remote without caching
 }

seaweed-volume/proto/volume_server.proto

@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ message VacuumVolumeCheckRequest {
 }
 message VacuumVolumeCheckResponse {
     double garbage_ratio = 1;
+    bool disk_space_low = 4; // the volume is read-only solely because its disk is low on space — a cause compaction itself reclaims
 }
 
 message VacuumVolumeCompactRequest {
@@ -236,6 +237,7 @@ message VolumeIncrementalCopyResponse {
 
 message VolumeMountRequest {
     uint32 volume_id = 1;
+    optional string collection = 2;
 }
 message VolumeMountResponse {
 }
@@ -258,6 +260,10 @@ message VolumeDeleteRequest {
     // when true, do not remove the cloud-tier object backing the volume.
     // used for moves where another server is taking over the same .vif.
     bool keep_remote_data = 3;
+    // when true, delete only if every needle is deleted: the volume held
+    // data once but nothing is live anymore. Passing either check,
+    // only_empty or this one, is enough to delete.
+    bool only_garbage = 4;
 }
 message VolumeDeleteResponse {
 }
@@ -470,6 +476,7 @@ message VolumeEcShardsDeleteRequest {
     repeated uint32 shard_ids = 3;
     bool full_teardown = 4; // pre-encode cleanup: wipe every EC artifact + generation for this volume, not just shard_ids
     int64 encode_ts_ns = 5; // full_teardown generation fence: delete only a disk whose .vif generation is strictly OLDER than this; preserve same-or-newer, generation 0, and an unreadable .vif. 0 => wipe-all (shell pre-encode / pre-upgrade)
+    uint32 delete_generations_older_than = 6; // post-commit cleanup: delete only staged <base>.*.v<N> artifacts with N strictly below this; 0 disables
 }
 message VolumeEcShardsDeleteResponse {
     bool full_teardown_done = 1; // set by a new server that performed full_teardown; absent from an old server lets the caller detect the silent no-op

seaweed-volume/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 pub mod config;
 pub mod images;
+pub mod malloc_tuning;
 pub mod metrics;
 pub mod remote_storage;
 pub mod security;

seaweed-volume/src/main.rs

@@ -6,19 +6,22 @@ use seaweed_volume::config::{self, VolumeServerConfig};
 use seaweed_volume::metrics;
 use seaweed_volume::pb::volume_server_pb::volume_server_server::VolumeServerServer;
 use seaweed_volume::security::tls::{
-    build_rustls_server_config, build_rustls_server_config_with_grpc_client_auth,
-    install_default_crypto_provider, GrpcClientAuthPolicy, TlsPolicy,
+    GrpcClientAuthPolicy, TlsPolicy, build_rustls_server_config,
+    build_rustls_server_config_with_grpc_client_auth, install_default_crypto_provider,
 };
 use seaweed_volume::security::{Guard, SigningKey};
 #[cfg(unix)]
 use seaweed_volume::server::debug::build_debug_router;
-use seaweed_volume::server::grpc_client::load_outgoing_grpc_tls;
+use seaweed_volume::server::grpc_client::{
+    GRPC_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE, GRPC_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL, GRPC_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT,
+    GRPC_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE, load_outgoing_grpc_tls,
+};
 use seaweed_volume::server::grpc_server::VolumeGrpcService;
 #[cfg(unix)]
 use seaweed_volume::server::profiling::CpuProfileSession;
 use seaweed_volume::server::request_id::GrpcRequestIdLayer;
 use seaweed_volume::server::volume_server::{
-    build_metrics_router, RuntimeMetricsConfig, VolumeServerState,
+    RuntimeMetricsConfig, VolumeServerState, build_metrics_router,
 };
 use seaweed_volume::server::write_queue::WriteQueue;
 use seaweed_volume::storage::store::Store;
@@ -31,14 +34,19 @@ type CpuProfileParam = Option<CpuProfileSession>;
 #[cfg(not(unix))]
 type CpuProfileParam = Option<()>;
 
-const GRPC_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE: usize = 1 << 30;
-const GRPC_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL: std::time::Duration = std::time::Duration::from_secs(60);
-const GRPC_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT: std::time::Duration = std::time::Duration::from_secs(20);
-const GRPC_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE: u32 = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+// The two settings that only make sense for the inbound server. The rest of
+// this server's HTTP/2 tuning — keepalive, window sizes, message size — is
+// imported from `server::grpc_client` above, which is also what the outgoing
+// clients dial with, so the two directions cannot drift apart.
 const GRPC_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE: u32 = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
 const GRPC_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: u32 = 1000;
 
 fn main() {
+    // Before anything allocates: stop glibc from training its mmap threshold
+    // upward on our large EC buffers and turning them into heap it never
+    // returns. See seaweed_volume::malloc_tuning for the measurements.
+    let malloc_tuning = seaweed_volume::malloc_tuning::pin_mmap_threshold();
+
     install_default_crypto_provider();
 
     // Initialize tracing
@@ -65,6 +73,19 @@ fn main() {
         "SeaweedFS Volume Server (Rust) v{}",
         seaweed_volume::version::full_version()
     );
+    match malloc_tuning {
+        seaweed_volume::malloc_tuning::MallocTuning::Pinned(bytes) => {
+            info!("pinned glibc M_MMAP_THRESHOLD to {} bytes", bytes)
+        }
+        seaweed_volume::malloc_tuning::MallocTuning::DeferredToEnv => info!(
+            "an allocator mmap-threshold override ({}) is set; leaving glibc's mmap threshold to the environment",
+            seaweed_volume::malloc_tuning::MMAP_THRESHOLD_ENV
+        ),
+        seaweed_volume::malloc_tuning::MallocTuning::Failed => {
+            warn!("mallopt(M_MMAP_THRESHOLD) failed; large freed buffers may stay resident")
+        }
+        seaweed_volume::malloc_tuning::MallocTuning::NotApplicable => {}
+    }
 
     // Register Prometheus metrics
     metrics::register_metrics();
@@ -325,9 +346,6 @@ async fn run(
         pre_stop_seconds: config.pre_stop_seconds,
         volume_state_notify: tokio::sync::Notify::new(),
         write_queue: std::sync::OnceLock::new(),
-        s3_tier_registry: std::sync::RwLock::new(
-            seaweed_volume::remote_storage::s3_tier::S3TierRegistry::new(),
-        ),
         read_mode: config.read_mode,
         allow_untrusted_remote_endpoints: config.allow_untrusted_remote_endpoints,
         master_url,
@@ -353,6 +371,9 @@ async fn run(
                 .to_string_lossy()
                 .into_owned()
         },
+        ec_decodes_in_flight: std::sync::Mutex::new(std::collections::HashSet::new()),
+        ec_decode_tail: std::sync::Mutex::new(std::collections::HashSet::new()),
+        ec_decode_tail_notify: tokio::sync::Notify::new(),
     });
 
     // Load persisted state from disk if it exists (matches Go's State.Load on startup)
@@ -653,8 +674,7 @@ async fn run(
                     })
                     .await
             } else {
-                let incoming =
-                    tokio_stream::wrappers::TcpListenerStream::new(grpc_listener);
+                let incoming = tokio_stream::wrappers::TcpListenerStream::new(grpc_listener);
                 info!("gRPC server listening on {}", grpc_local_addr);
                 build_grpc_server_builder()
                     .layer(GrpcRequestIdLayer)
@@ -1040,15 +1060,17 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_grpc_server_tls_returns_none_when_files_are_missing() {
-        assert!(build_grpc_server_tls_acceptor(
-            "/missing/server.crt",
-            "/missing/server.key",
-            "/missing/ca.crt",
-            &TlsPolicy::default(),
-            "",
-            &[],
-        )
-        .is_none());
+        assert!(
+            build_grpc_server_tls_acceptor(
+                "/missing/server.crt",
+                "/missing/server.key",
+                "/missing/ca.crt",
+                &TlsPolicy::default(),
+                "",
+                &[],
+            )
+            .is_none()
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1070,19 +1092,21 @@ mod tests {
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nZmFrZQ==\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n",
         );
 
-        assert!(build_grpc_server_tls_acceptor(
-            &cert,
-            &key,
-            &ca,
-            &TlsPolicy {
-                min_version: "TLS 1.0".to_string(),
-                max_version: "TLS 1.1".to_string(),
-                cipher_suites: String::new(),
-            },
-            "",
-            &[],
-        )
-        .is_none());
+        assert!(
+            build_grpc_server_tls_acceptor(
+                &cert,
+                &key,
+                &ca,
+                &TlsPolicy {
+                    min_version: "TLS 1.0".to_string(),
+                    max_version: "TLS 1.1".to_string(),
+                    cipher_suites: String::new(),
+                },
+                "",
+                &[],
+            )
+            .is_none()
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]

seaweed-volume/src/malloc_tuning.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+//! Keep glibc from silently converting large short-lived buffers into heap the
+//! process never gives back.
+//!
+//! glibc serves an allocation with `mmap` when it is at least
+//! `M_MMAP_THRESHOLD` (128 KiB by default), and `munmap`s it on free, so the
+//! pages go straight back to the OS. That threshold is **adaptive**: whenever a
+//! block that came from `mmap` is freed, glibc raises the threshold to that
+//! block's size — up to 32 MiB — on the theory that a workload repeatedly
+//! allocating buffers of that size is better served from the heap.
+//!
+//! For a volume server that theory is wrong in a specific, expensive way. EC
+//! reconstruction and needle reassembly allocate large, short-lived buffers.
+//! The first few are mmap'd and freed, which trains the threshold upward; every
+//! later buffer of that size is then carved out of the heap instead. Heap
+//! memory is only returned to the OS from the top of the arena, so those pages
+//! stay resident as anonymous memory for the life of the process. They are
+//! still *reusable* — this is not a leak, and a repeat workload does not grow
+//! the footprint further — but under a hard cgroup `MemoryMax` they are
+//! indistinguishable from a leak, because anonymous pages cannot be reclaimed
+//! under pressure the way page cache can. The retained footprint eats exactly
+//! the headroom that a burst of maintenance work needs, and the process is
+//! OOM-killed while most of its resident memory is free-but-unreturned.
+//!
+//! Measured on a 17-node cluster (EC 10+4, `--index=redb`), one node, two
+//! identical `ec.scrub -mode full` rounds over 10912 EC files each, comparing
+//! the same unit restarted with and without a pinned threshold:
+//!
+//! | | baseline | round 1 | round 2 | 60s idle |
+//! |---|---|---|---|---|
+//! | default (adaptive) | 10 MB | 84 MB | 88 MB | **88 MB** |
+//! | pinned threshold   | 10 MB | 13 MB | 14 MB | **14 MB** |
+//!
+//! 78 MB retained versus 4 MB for identical work. On that cluster's heavier
+//! mixed scrub workloads the same effect reached ~600 MB of retained anonymous
+//! memory per volume server, against a 3 GiB cap.
+//!
+//! Calling `mallopt(M_MMAP_THRESHOLD, ...)` sets the threshold *and* disables
+//! the dynamic adjustment, which is the documented behaviour of setting it
+//! explicitly. We pin it to glibc's own default rather than inventing a value:
+//! the goal is to stop the adaptation, not to second-guess the default.
+
+/// glibc's own default `M_MMAP_THRESHOLD`. Pinning to this value changes
+/// nothing about which allocations use `mmap` on a freshly started process; it
+/// only prevents the threshold from drifting upward later.
+#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu"))]
+const DEFAULT_MMAP_THRESHOLD: libc::c_int = 128 * 1024;
+
+/// Legacy environment variable glibc reads for the same setting. If an operator
+/// has set it, honour their value and do not override it.
+pub const MMAP_THRESHOLD_ENV: &str = "MALLOC_MMAP_THRESHOLD_";
+
+/// Modern glibc tunables environment variable. Operators may set the threshold
+/// via `GLIBC_TUNABLES=glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=...` instead of the legacy
+/// variable; that override is honoured too.
+pub const GLIBC_TUNABLES_ENV: &str = "GLIBC_TUNABLES";
+
+/// The tunable name within `GLIBC_TUNABLES` that maps to `M_MMAP_THRESHOLD`.
+#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu"))]
+const MMAP_THRESHOLD_TUNABLE: &str = "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold";
+
+/// Outcome of the tuning attempt, so the caller can log it and tests can assert
+/// on it without inspecting global allocator state.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum MallocTuning {
+    /// Threshold pinned to `DEFAULT_MMAP_THRESHOLD`; dynamic adjustment is off.
+    Pinned(i32),
+    /// An allocator override (`MALLOC_MMAP_THRESHOLD_` or
+    /// `GLIBC_TUNABLES=glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=...`) was set, so the
+    /// operator's value wins.
+    DeferredToEnv,
+    /// `mallopt` reported failure. Not fatal — the server runs, it just keeps
+    /// glibc's adaptive behaviour.
+    Failed,
+    /// Not glibc, so there is no adaptive threshold to pin.
+    NotApplicable,
+}
+
+/// Pin glibc's mmap threshold unless the operator has set an allocator override.
+/// Safe to call more than once; call it before serving traffic, since the point
+/// is to prevent the threshold from being trained upward by early allocations.
+pub fn pin_mmap_threshold() -> MallocTuning {
+    pin_mmap_threshold_inner()
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu"))]
+fn pin_mmap_threshold_inner() -> MallocTuning {
+    if operator_mmap_threshold_override_active() {
+        return MallocTuning::DeferredToEnv;
+    }
+    // SAFETY: `mallopt` is a libc entry point that takes two ints and mutates
+    // only allocator-internal tunables. It has no preconditions and no effect
+    // on memory this process already owns.
+    let rc = unsafe { libc::mallopt(libc::M_MMAP_THRESHOLD, DEFAULT_MMAP_THRESHOLD) };
+    if rc == 1 {
+        MallocTuning::Pinned(DEFAULT_MMAP_THRESHOLD)
+    } else {
+        MallocTuning::Failed
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu")))]
+fn pin_mmap_threshold_inner() -> MallocTuning {
+    MallocTuning::NotApplicable
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu"))]
+fn operator_mmap_threshold_override_active() -> bool {
+    // MALLOC_MMAP_THRESHOLD_: glibc calls atoi(value) then mallopt, which
+    // always sets the threshold and disables dynamic adjustment — even for
+    // empty, negative, or non-numeric values (atoi returns 0). So any presence
+    // of the variable means the operator's override is in effect.
+    std::env::var_os(MMAP_THRESHOLD_ENV).is_some()
+        || usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(std::env::var_os(GLIBC_TUNABLES_ENV))
+}
+
+/// Look for `glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=<value>` among the colon-separated
+/// tunables in `GLIBC_TUNABLES`. glibc's `parse_tunables_string` (elf/dl-tunables.c)
+/// rejects the **entire** string (returns -1) if it reaches `\0` before finding
+/// `=` in a name (last entry has no `=`), or if any entry's value contains a
+/// duplicate `=`. When `parse_tunables_string` returns -1, `parse_tunables`
+/// prints a warning and returns immediately without applying ANY tunable —
+/// including ones already parsed into the tunables array. We match that by
+/// returning `false` for the entire string on any of those conditions.
+///
+/// glibc parses tunable values with `_dl_strtoul`, which accepts decimal,
+/// `0x` hex, `0` octal, an optional sign (negatives wrap to `unsigned long`),
+/// and requires the entire value to be consumed; we match that with
+/// `dl_strtoul_consumes_all`.
+#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu"))]
+fn usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(tunables: Option<std::ffi::OsString>) -> bool {
+    let s = match tunables.and_then(|v| v.into_string().ok()) {
+        Some(s) => s,
+        None => return false,
+    };
+    if s.is_empty() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Parse the string character-by-character, matching glibc's
+    // parse_tunables_string logic exactly. Using split(':') would lose the
+    // distinction between an entry terminated by ':' (skip) and one terminated
+    // by '\0' with no '=' (reject entire string).
+    let bytes = s.as_bytes();
+    let mut pos = 0;
+    let mut found_threshold = false;
+
+    loop {
+        // Find where the name ends ('=', ':', or end of string).
+        let name_start = pos;
+        while pos < bytes.len() && bytes[pos] != b'=' && bytes[pos] != b':' {
+            pos += 1;
+        }
+
+        // End of string before '=' → glibc returns -1 (reject entire string).
+        if pos >= bytes.len() {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // ':' before '=' → glibc skips this entry and continues.
+        if bytes[pos] == b':' {
+            pos += 1;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Skip the '='.
+        let name_end = pos;
+        pos += 1;
+
+        // Find where the value ends ('=', ':', or end of string).
+        let val_start = pos;
+        while pos < bytes.len() && bytes[pos] != b'=' && bytes[pos] != b':' {
+            pos += 1;
+        }
+
+        // '=' in value → glibc returns -1 (reject entire string).
+        if pos < bytes.len() && bytes[pos] == b'=' {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        let key = &s[name_start..name_end];
+        let val = &s[val_start..pos];
+
+        if key == MMAP_THRESHOLD_TUNABLE && dl_strtoul_consumes_all(val) {
+            found_threshold = true;
+        }
+
+        // End of string → done.
+        if pos >= bytes.len() {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Skip the ':'.
+        pos += 1;
+    }
+
+    found_threshold
+}
+
+/// Replicate glibc's `_dl_strtoul` (elf/dl-misc.c) just enough to determine
+/// whether it would consume the entire string — which is what
+/// `tunable_parse_num` checks (`endptr == strval + len`). Returns `true` if
+/// glibc would accept the value and apply it.
+///
+/// `_dl_strtoul` skips leading spaces/tabs, accepts an optional `+`/`-` sign,
+/// and parses `0x`-prefixed hex, `0`-prefixed octal, or plain decimal. A
+/// negative result wraps to `unsigned long` (`-1` → `SIZE_MAX`). If no digit is
+/// found after the sign, the end pointer stays at the current position — which
+/// still counts as "consumed" when the string is empty or whitespace-only
+/// (value 0). On overflow, `_dl_strtoul` stops at the overflowing digit (endptr
+/// does not reach the end), so `tunable_parse_num` rejects the value.
+#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu"))]
+fn dl_strtoul_consumes_all(s: &str) -> bool {
+    let bytes = s.as_bytes();
+    let mut pos = 0;
+
+    // Skip leading whitespace (spaces and tabs, matching _dl_strtoul).
+    while pos < bytes.len() && (bytes[pos] == b' ' || bytes[pos] == b'\t') {
+        pos += 1;
+    }
+
+    // Optional sign.
+    if pos < bytes.len() && (bytes[pos] == b'-' || bytes[pos] == b'+') {
+        pos += 1;
+    }
+
+    // Must have at least one digit (0-9) to start parsing, unless we're already
+    // at the end (empty / whitespace-only / sign-only → value 0, consumed).
+    if pos >= bytes.len() {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if bytes[pos] < b'0' || bytes[pos] > b'9' {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Determine base: 0x → hex, 0 → octal, else decimal. _dl_strtoul unconditionally
+    // advances past "0x"/"0X" when the first char is '0' and the next is 'x'/'X',
+    // even if no hex digit follows — in that case the digit loop breaks immediately,
+    // endptr reaches the end, and the value is 0.
+    let base: u32 = if bytes[pos] == b'0'
+        && pos + 1 < bytes.len()
+        && (bytes[pos + 1] == b'x' || bytes[pos + 1] == b'X')
+    {
+        pos += 2; // skip "0x"
+        16
+    } else if bytes[pos] == b'0' {
+        8
+    } else {
+        10
+    };
+
+    // Parse digits with overflow detection, matching _dl_strtoul's cutoff/cutlim
+    // logic. On overflow, _dl_strtoul sets endptr to the overflowing digit and
+    // returns UINT64_MAX — so the value is NOT fully consumed and
+    // tunable_parse_num rejects it.
+    let mut result: u64 = 0;
+    let cutoff = u64::MAX / base as u64;
+    let cutlim = u64::MAX % base as u64;
+
+    while pos < bytes.len() {
+        let b = bytes[pos];
+        let digval: u32 = match digit_value(b, base) {
+            Some(v) => v,
+            None => break,
+        };
+        if result > cutoff || (result == cutoff && digval as u64 > cutlim) {
+            // Overflow: _dl_strtoul stops here, endptr points at this digit.
+            return false;
+        }
+        result *= base as u64;
+        result += digval as u64;
+        pos += 1;
+    }
+
+    // The entire string must be consumed (matching tunable_parse_num's check).
+    pos == bytes.len()
+}
+
+/// Returns the numeric value of a digit byte in the given base, or `None` if
+/// the byte is not a valid digit in that base.
+#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu"))]
+fn digit_value(b: u8, base: u32) -> Option<u32> {
+    if (b'0'..=b'0' + (base - 1).min(9) as u8).contains(&b) {
+        return Some((b - b'0') as u32);
+    }
+    if base == 16 {
+        if (b'a'..=b'f').contains(&b) {
+            return Some((b - b'a' + 10) as u32);
+        }
+        if (b'A'..=b'F').contains(&b) {
+            return Some((b - b'A' + 10) as u32);
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn env_override_constants_match_glibc_names() {
+        // Verified against the real accessor rather than a copy of the name, so
+        // renaming the constant cannot silently break the override contract.
+        assert_eq!(MMAP_THRESHOLD_ENV, "MALLOC_MMAP_THRESHOLD_");
+        assert_eq!(GLIBC_TUNABLES_ENV, "GLIBC_TUNABLES");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn calling_twice_is_stable() {
+        // Startup paths get re-entered in tests and in `weed mini`; the second
+        // call must not report a different outcome from the first.
+        let first = pin_mmap_threshold();
+        let second = pin_mmap_threshold();
+        assert_eq!(first, second);
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu"))]
+    #[test]
+    fn pins_threshold_on_glibc_when_no_override_is_set() {
+        // The env override is not set in the test process, so this exercises the
+        // mallopt path. If an override happens to be present, defer to it.
+        if operator_mmap_threshold_override_active() {
+            assert_eq!(pin_mmap_threshold(), MallocTuning::DeferredToEnv);
+            return;
+        }
+        assert_eq!(
+            pin_mmap_threshold(),
+            MallocTuning::Pinned(DEFAULT_MMAP_THRESHOLD),
+            "mallopt(M_MMAP_THRESHOLD) should succeed on glibc"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu")))]
+    #[test]
+    fn is_a_noop_off_glibc() {
+        // No glibc adaptive threshold exists off glibc, so there is nothing to
+        // pin regardless of any environment variables that happen to be set.
+        assert_eq!(pin_mmap_threshold(), MallocTuning::NotApplicable);
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu"))]
+    #[test]
+    fn dl_strtoul_consumes_all_matches_glibc_parser() {
+        // Decimal — any non-empty decimal integer is accepted, including
+        // negative (wraps to unsigned) and zero.
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("131072"));
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("0"));
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("-1"));
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("-131072"));
+        // Values above i64::MAX are valid for glibc's unsigned parser.
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("9223372036854775808"));
+        // Hex with 0x prefix.
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("0x20000"));
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("0X20000"));
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("0x0"));
+        // Octal with leading 0.
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("010"));
+        // Leading whitespace (spaces and tabs) is skipped.
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("  131072"));
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("\t0x20000"));
+        // Empty and whitespace-only strings are accepted (value 0).
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all(""));
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("  "));
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("\t"));
+        // Sign-only strings are accepted: _dl_strtoul skips the sign, finds no
+        // digit, sets endptr to the position after the sign (== end of string),
+        // and returns 0. tunable_parse_num sees endptr == strval + len → true.
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("-"));
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("+"));
+
+        // Trailing garbage is rejected — _dl_strtoul stops at the first
+        // non-digit and tunable_parse_num requires the entire string consumed.
+        assert!(!dl_strtoul_consumes_all("131072abc"));
+        // In hex mode, a-f are digits, so "0x20000abc" is a valid hex number.
+        // Use a non-hex character like 'g' to test trailing garbage in hex.
+        assert!(!dl_strtoul_consumes_all("0x20000g"));
+        assert!(!dl_strtoul_consumes_all("128K"));
+        // Non-numeric strings are rejected.
+        assert!(!dl_strtoul_consumes_all("abc"));
+        // "0x" with no hex digits: _dl_strtoul advances past "0x", the digit loop
+        // breaks immediately (no hex digit), endptr reaches the end, value is 0.
+        // tunable_parse_num accepts it.
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("0x"));
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("0X"));
+
+        // Overflow: _dl_strtoul stops at the overflowing digit (endptr points
+        // there, not at the end), so tunable_parse_num rejects the value.
+        assert!(!dl_strtoul_consumes_all("18446744073709551616")); // u64::MAX + 1
+        assert!(!dl_strtoul_consumes_all("99999999999999999999")); // 20 nines
+        assert!(!dl_strtoul_consumes_all("0x10000000000000000")); // 2^64
+        // u64::MAX itself is accepted: the last digit (5) equals cutlim (=5),
+        // so the overflow check (digval > cutlim) is false.
+        assert!(dl_strtoul_consumes_all("18446744073709551615")); // u64::MAX
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu"))]
+    #[test]
+    fn usable_glibc_tunable_threshold_detects_mmap_threshold() {
+        // Decimal, hex, octal, negative, and zero values are all accepted by
+        // glibc's _dl_strtoul and cause the threshold to be pinned.
+        assert!(usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=131072".into()
+        )));
+        assert!(usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=0x20000".into()
+        )));
+        assert!(usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=0".into()
+        )));
+        assert!(usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=-1".into()
+        )));
+        assert!(usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=9223372036854775808".into()
+        )));
+        // u64::MAX is accepted by _dl_strtoul (last digit == cutlim, no overflow).
+        assert!(usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=18446744073709551615".into()
+        )));
+        // Appears alongside other tunables.
+        assert!(usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.cpu.x=1:glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=131072".into()
+        )));
+        // Leading ':' is accepted — glibc skips the empty entry and continues.
+        assert!(usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            ":glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=131072".into()
+        )));
+        // Empty value is accepted by _dl_strtoul (value 0).
+        assert!(usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=".into()
+        )));
+
+        // Non-numeric values are rejected by _dl_strtoul.
+        assert!(!usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=abc".into()
+        )));
+        assert!(!usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=128K".into()
+        )));
+        // A malformed sibling entry (duplicate '=') makes glibc reject the
+        // entire string, so we must not accept the threshold entry either.
+        // This applies regardless of whether the threshold is before or after
+        // the malformed entry — parse_tunables_string returns -1, and
+        // parse_tunables discards all tunables without applying any.
+        assert!(!usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.check=2=2:glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=131072".into()
+        )));
+        assert!(!usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=262144:glibc.malloc.check=2=2".into()
+        )));
+        // A trailing entry with no '=' makes glibc reject the entire string
+        // (parse_tunables_string hits '\0' before '=' and returns -1).
+        assert!(!usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=262144:glibc.cpu.x".into()
+        )));
+        // A trailing ':' makes glibc reject the entire string (the empty entry
+        // after ':' hits '\0' before '=' and returns -1).
+        assert!(!usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.malloc.mmap_threshold=262144:".into()
+        )));
+        // Unrelated tunables do not count.
+        assert!(!usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(Some(
+            "glibc.cpu.x=1".into()
+        )));
+        assert!(!usable_glibc_tunable_threshold(None));
+    }
+}

seaweed-volume/src/metrics.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 //! Mirrors the Go SeaweedFS volume server metrics.
 
 use prometheus::{
-    self, Encoder, GaugeVec, HistogramOpts, HistogramVec, IntCounterVec, IntGauge, IntGaugeVec,
-    Opts, Registry, TextEncoder,
+    self, Encoder, GaugeVec, HistogramOpts, HistogramVec, IntCounter, IntCounterVec, IntGauge,
+    IntGaugeVec, Opts, Registry, TextEncoder,
 };
-use std::sync::Once;
+use std::sync::{LazyLock, Once};
 
 use crate::version;
 
@@ -16,203 +16,320 @@ pub struct PushGatewayConfig {
     pub interval_seconds: u32,
 }
 
-lazy_static::lazy_static! {
-    pub static ref REGISTRY: Registry = Registry::new();
+pub static REGISTRY: LazyLock<Registry> = LazyLock::new(Registry::new);
 
-    // ---- Request metrics (Go: VolumeServerRequestCounter, VolumeServerRequestHistogram) ----
+// ---- Request metrics (Go: VolumeServerRequestCounter, VolumeServerRequestHistogram) ----
 
-    /// Request counter with labels `type` (HTTP method) and `code` (HTTP status).
-    pub static ref REQUEST_COUNTER: IntCounterVec = IntCounterVec::new(
-        Opts::new("SeaweedFS_volumeServer_request_total", "Volume server requests"),
+/// Request counter with labels `type` (HTTP method) and `code` (HTTP status).
+pub static REQUEST_COUNTER: LazyLock<IntCounterVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntCounterVec::new(
+        Opts::new(
+            "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_request_total",
+            "Volume server requests",
+        ),
         &["type", "code"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Request duration histogram with label `type` (HTTP method).
-    pub static ref REQUEST_DURATION: HistogramVec = HistogramVec::new(
+/// Request duration histogram with label `type` (HTTP method).
+pub static REQUEST_DURATION: LazyLock<HistogramVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    HistogramVec::new(
         HistogramOpts::new(
             "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_request_seconds",
             "Volume server request duration in seconds",
-        ).buckets(exponential_buckets(0.0001, 2.0, 24)),
+        )
+        .buckets(exponential_buckets(0.0001, 2.0, 24)),
         &["type"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    // ---- Handler counters (Go: VolumeServerHandlerCounter) ----
+// ---- Handler counters (Go: VolumeServerHandlerCounter) ----
 
-    /// Handler-level operation counter with label `type`.
-    pub static ref HANDLER_COUNTER: IntCounterVec = IntCounterVec::new(
-        Opts::new("SeaweedFS_volumeServer_handler_total", "Volume server handler counters"),
+/// Handler-level operation counter with label `type`.
+pub static HANDLER_COUNTER: LazyLock<IntCounterVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntCounterVec::new(
+        Opts::new(
+            "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_handler_total",
+            "Volume server handler counters",
+        ),
         &["type"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    // ---- Vacuuming metrics (Go: VolumeServerVacuuming*) ----
+// ---- Vacuuming metrics (Go: VolumeServerVacuuming*) ----
 
-    /// Vacuuming compact counter with label `success` (true/false).
-    pub static ref VACUUMING_COMPACT_COUNTER: IntCounterVec = IntCounterVec::new(
-        Opts::new("SeaweedFS_volumeServer_vacuuming_compact_count", "Counter of volume vacuuming Compact counter"),
+/// Vacuuming compact counter with label `success` (true/false).
+pub static VACUUMING_COMPACT_COUNTER: LazyLock<IntCounterVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntCounterVec::new(
+        Opts::new(
+            "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_vacuuming_compact_count",
+            "Counter of volume vacuuming Compact counter",
+        ),
         &["success"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Vacuuming commit counter with label `success` (true/false).
-    pub static ref VACUUMING_COMMIT_COUNTER: IntCounterVec = IntCounterVec::new(
-        Opts::new("SeaweedFS_volumeServer_vacuuming_commit_count", "Counter of volume vacuuming commit counter"),
+/// Vacuuming commit counter with label `success` (true/false).
+pub static VACUUMING_COMMIT_COUNTER: LazyLock<IntCounterVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntCounterVec::new(
+        Opts::new(
+            "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_vacuuming_commit_count",
+            "Counter of volume vacuuming commit counter",
+        ),
         &["success"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Vacuuming duration histogram with label `type` (compact/commit).
-    pub static ref VACUUMING_HISTOGRAM: HistogramVec = HistogramVec::new(
+/// Vacuuming duration histogram with label `type` (compact/commit).
+pub static VACUUMING_HISTOGRAM: LazyLock<HistogramVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    HistogramVec::new(
         HistogramOpts::new(
             "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_vacuuming_seconds",
             "Volume vacuuming duration in seconds",
-        ).buckets(exponential_buckets(0.0001, 2.0, 24)),
+        )
+        .buckets(exponential_buckets(0.0001, 2.0, 24)),
         &["type"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    // ---- Volume gauges (Go: VolumeServerVolumeGauge, VolumeServerReadOnlyVolumeGauge) ----
+// ---- Volume gauges (Go: VolumeServerVolumeGauge, VolumeServerReadOnlyVolumeGauge) ----
 
-    /// Volumes per collection and type (volume/ec_shards).
-    pub static ref VOLUME_GAUGE: GaugeVec = GaugeVec::new(
+/// Volumes per collection and type (volume/ec_shards).
+pub static VOLUME_GAUGE: LazyLock<GaugeVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    GaugeVec::new(
         Opts::new("SeaweedFS_volumeServer_volumes", "Number of volumes"),
         &["collection", "type"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Read-only volumes per collection and type.
-    pub static ref READ_ONLY_VOLUME_GAUGE: GaugeVec = GaugeVec::new(
-        Opts::new("SeaweedFS_volumeServer_read_only_volumes", "Number of read-only volumes."),
+/// Read-only volumes per collection and type.
+pub static READ_ONLY_VOLUME_GAUGE: LazyLock<GaugeVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    GaugeVec::new(
+        Opts::new(
+            "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_read_only_volumes",
+            "Number of read-only volumes.",
+        ),
         &["collection", "type"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Maximum number of volumes this server can hold.
-    pub static ref MAX_VOLUMES: IntGauge = IntGauge::new(
+/// Maximum number of volumes this server can hold.
+pub static MAX_VOLUMES: LazyLock<IntGauge> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntGauge::new(
         "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_max_volumes",
         "Maximum number of volumes",
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    // ---- Disk size gauges (Go: VolumeServerDiskSizeGauge) ----
+// ---- Disk size gauges (Go: VolumeServerDiskSizeGauge) ----
 
-    /// Actual disk size used by volumes per collection and type (normal/deleted_bytes/ec).
-    pub static ref DISK_SIZE_GAUGE: GaugeVec = GaugeVec::new(
-        Opts::new("SeaweedFS_volumeServer_total_disk_size", "Actual disk size used by volumes"),
+/// Actual disk size used by volumes per collection and type (normal/deleted_bytes/ec).
+pub static DISK_SIZE_GAUGE: LazyLock<GaugeVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    GaugeVec::new(
+        Opts::new(
+            "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_total_disk_size",
+            "Actual disk size used by volumes",
+        ),
         &["collection", "type"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    // ---- Resource gauges (Go: VolumeServerResourceGauge) ----
+// ---- Resource gauges (Go: VolumeServerResourceGauge) ----
 
-    /// Disk resource usage per directory and type (all/used/free/avail).
-    pub static ref RESOURCE_GAUGE: GaugeVec = GaugeVec::new(
+/// Disk resource usage per directory and type (all/used/free/avail).
+pub static RESOURCE_GAUGE: LazyLock<GaugeVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    GaugeVec::new(
         Opts::new("SeaweedFS_volumeServer_resource", "Server resource usage"),
         &["name", "type"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    // ---- In-flight gauges (Go: VolumeServerInFlightRequestsGauge, InFlightDownload/UploadSize) ----
+// ---- In-flight gauges (Go: VolumeServerInFlightRequestsGauge, InFlightDownload/UploadSize) ----
 
-    /// In-flight requests per HTTP method.
-    pub static ref INFLIGHT_REQUESTS_GAUGE: IntGaugeVec = IntGaugeVec::new(
-        Opts::new("SeaweedFS_volumeServer_in_flight_requests", "Current number of in-flight requests being handled by volume server."),
+/// In-flight requests per HTTP method.
+pub static INFLIGHT_REQUESTS_GAUGE: LazyLock<IntGaugeVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntGaugeVec::new(
+        Opts::new(
+            "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_in_flight_requests",
+            "Current number of in-flight requests being handled by volume server.",
+        ),
         &["type"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Concurrent download limit in bytes.
-    pub static ref CONCURRENT_DOWNLOAD_LIMIT: IntGauge = IntGauge::new(
+/// Concurrent download limit in bytes.
+pub static CONCURRENT_DOWNLOAD_LIMIT: LazyLock<IntGauge> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntGauge::new(
         "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_concurrent_download_limit",
         "Limit for total concurrent download size in bytes",
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Concurrent upload limit in bytes.
-    pub static ref CONCURRENT_UPLOAD_LIMIT: IntGauge = IntGauge::new(
+/// Concurrent upload limit in bytes.
+pub static CONCURRENT_UPLOAD_LIMIT: LazyLock<IntGauge> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntGauge::new(
         "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_concurrent_upload_limit",
         "Limit for total concurrent upload size in bytes",
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Current in-flight download bytes.
-    pub static ref INFLIGHT_DOWNLOAD_SIZE: IntGauge = IntGauge::new(
+/// Current in-flight download bytes.
+pub static INFLIGHT_DOWNLOAD_SIZE: LazyLock<IntGauge> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntGauge::new(
         "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_in_flight_download_size",
         "In flight total download size.",
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Current in-flight upload bytes.
-    pub static ref INFLIGHT_UPLOAD_SIZE: IntGauge = IntGauge::new(
+/// Current in-flight upload bytes.
+pub static INFLIGHT_UPLOAD_SIZE: LazyLock<IntGauge> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntGauge::new(
         "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_in_flight_upload_size",
         "In flight total upload size.",
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Upload error counter by HTTP status code. Code "0" = transport error (no response).
-    pub static ref UPLOAD_ERROR_COUNTER: IntCounterVec = IntCounterVec::new(
-        Opts::new("SeaweedFS_upload_error_total",
-            "Counter of upload errors by HTTP status code. Code 0 means transport error (no response received)."),
-        &["code"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+/// Upload error counter by HTTP status code. Code "0" = transport error (no response).
+pub static UPLOAD_ERROR_COUNTER: LazyLock<IntCounterVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntCounterVec::new(
+    Opts::new("SeaweedFS_upload_error_total",
+        "Counter of upload errors by HTTP status code. Code 0 means transport error (no response received)."),
+    &["code"],
+).expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    // ---- Scrubbing metrics (Go: VolumeServerScrub*) ----
+// ---- Scrubbing metrics (Go: VolumeServerScrub*) ----
 
-    /// Last scrub execution time, as seconds since UNIX epoch, with label `mode`.
-    pub static ref SCRUB_LAST_TIME_SECONDS: GaugeVec = GaugeVec::new(
+/// Last scrub execution time, as seconds since UNIX epoch, with label `mode`.
+pub static SCRUB_LAST_TIME_SECONDS: LazyLock<GaugeVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    GaugeVec::new(
         Opts::new(
             "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_scrub_last_time_seconds",
             "Last scrub execution time, as seconds since UNIX epoch.",
         ),
         &["mode"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Counter of overall volumes with issues detected during scrubbing, with label `mode`.
-    pub static ref SCRUB_VOLUME_FAILURES: IntCounterVec = IntCounterVec::new(
+/// Counter of overall volumes with issues detected during scrubbing, with label `mode`.
+pub static SCRUB_VOLUME_FAILURES: LazyLock<IntCounterVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntCounterVec::new(
         Opts::new(
             "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_scrub_volume_failures",
             "Counter of overall volumes with issues detected during scrubbing.",
         ),
         &["mode"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Counter of overall EC shards with issues detected during scrubbing, with label `mode`.
-    pub static ref SCRUB_SHARD_FAILURES: IntCounterVec = IntCounterVec::new(
+/// Counter of overall EC shards with issues detected during scrubbing, with label `mode`.
+pub static SCRUB_SHARD_FAILURES: LazyLock<IntCounterVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntCounterVec::new(
         Opts::new(
             "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_scrub_shard_failures",
             "Counter of overall EC shards with issues detected during scrubbing.",
         ),
         &["mode"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    // ---- Legacy aliases for backward compat with existing code ----
+/// Counter of storage read/write EIO errors on volumes and EC shards.
+/// Mirrors Go's VolumeServerStorageIoErrorCounter.
+pub static STORAGE_IO_ERROR_COUNTER: LazyLock<IntCounter> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntCounter::new(
+        "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_storage_io_error_total",
+        "Counter of storage read/write EIO errors on volumes and EC shards.",
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Total number of volumes on this server (flat gauge).
-    pub static ref VOLUMES_TOTAL: IntGauge = IntGauge::new(
-        "volume_server_volumes_total",
-        "Total number of volumes",
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+/// Number of volumes quarantined due to storage IO errors.
+/// Mirrors Go's VolumeServerIoQuarantineGauge.
+pub static IO_QUARANTINE_GAUGE: LazyLock<IntGaugeVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntGaugeVec::new(
+        Opts::new(
+            "SeaweedFS_volumeServer_io_quarantine",
+            "Number of volumes or EC shards quarantined due to storage IO errors.",
+        ),
+        &["kind"],
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Disk size in bytes per directory.
-    pub static ref DISK_SIZE_BYTES: IntGaugeVec = IntGaugeVec::new(
+// ---- Legacy aliases for backward compat with existing code ----
+
+/// Total number of volumes on this server (flat gauge).
+pub static VOLUMES_TOTAL: LazyLock<IntGauge> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntGauge::new("volume_server_volumes_total", "Total number of volumes")
+        .expect("metric can be created")
+});
+
+/// Disk size in bytes per directory.
+pub static DISK_SIZE_BYTES: LazyLock<IntGaugeVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntGaugeVec::new(
         Opts::new("volume_server_disk_size_bytes", "Disk size in bytes"),
         &["dir"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Disk free bytes per directory.
-    pub static ref DISK_FREE_BYTES: IntGaugeVec = IntGaugeVec::new(
+/// Disk free bytes per directory.
+pub static DISK_FREE_BYTES: LazyLock<IntGaugeVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntGaugeVec::new(
         Opts::new("volume_server_disk_free_bytes", "Disk free space in bytes"),
         &["dir"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Current number of in-flight requests (flat gauge).
-    pub static ref INFLIGHT_REQUESTS: IntGauge = IntGauge::new(
+/// Current number of in-flight requests (flat gauge).
+pub static INFLIGHT_REQUESTS: LazyLock<IntGauge> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntGauge::new(
         "volume_server_inflight_requests",
         "Current number of in-flight requests",
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    /// Total number of files stored across all volumes.
-    pub static ref VOLUME_FILE_COUNT: IntGauge = IntGauge::new(
+/// Total number of files stored across all volumes.
+pub static VOLUME_FILE_COUNT: LazyLock<IntGauge> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    IntGauge::new(
         "volume_server_volume_file_count",
         "Total number of files stored across all volumes",
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
+    )
+    .expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
-    // ---- Build info (Go: BuildInfo) ----
+// ---- Build info (Go: BuildInfo) ----
 
-    /// Build information gauge, always set to 1. Matches Go:
-    /// Namespace="SeaweedFS", Subsystem="build", Name="info",
-    /// labels: version, commit, sizelimit, goos, goarch.
-    pub static ref BUILD_INFO: GaugeVec = GaugeVec::new(
-        Opts::new("SeaweedFS_build_info", "A metric with a constant '1' value labeled by version, commit, sizelimit, goos, and goarch from which SeaweedFS was built."),
-        &["version", "commit", "sizelimit", "goos", "goarch"],
-    ).expect("metric can be created");
-}
+/// Build information gauge, always set to 1. Matches Go:
+/// Namespace="SeaweedFS", Subsystem="build", Name="info",
+/// labels: version, commit, sizelimit, goos, goarch.
+pub static BUILD_INFO: LazyLock<GaugeVec> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    GaugeVec::new(
+    Opts::new("SeaweedFS_build_info", "A metric with a constant '1' value labeled by version, commit, sizelimit, goos, and goarch from which SeaweedFS was built."),
+    &["version", "commit", "sizelimit", "goos", "goarch"],
+).expect("metric can be created")
+});
 
 /// Generate exponential bucket boundaries for histograms.
 fn exponential_buckets(start: f64, factor: f64, count: usize) -> Vec<f64> {
@@ -232,6 +349,7 @@ pub const DOWNLOAD_LIMIT_COND: &str = "downloadLimitCondition";
 pub const UPLOAD_LIMIT_COND: &str = "uploadLimitCondition";
 pub const READ_PROXY_REQ: &str = "readProxyRequest";
 pub const READ_REDIRECT_REQ: &str = "readRedirectRequest";
+pub const READ_DELETED_NEEDLE: &str = "readDeletedNeedle";
 pub const EMPTY_READ_PROXY_LOC: &str = "emptyReadProxyLocaction";
 pub const FAILED_READ_PROXY_REQ: &str = "failedReadProxyRequest";
 
@@ -283,6 +401,8 @@ pub fn register_metrics() {
             Box::new(SCRUB_LAST_TIME_SECONDS.clone()),
             Box::new(SCRUB_VOLUME_FAILURES.clone()),
             Box::new(SCRUB_SHARD_FAILURES.clone()),
+            Box::new(STORAGE_IO_ERROR_COUNTER.clone()),
+            Box::new(IO_QUARANTINE_GAUGE.clone()),
             // Legacy metrics
             Box::new(VOLUMES_TOTAL.clone()),
             Box::new(DISK_SIZE_BYTES.clone()),
@@ -358,10 +478,8 @@ fn delete_partial_match_collection(gauge: &GaugeVec, collection: &str) {
                     type_value = Some(label.get_value().to_string());
                 }
             }
-            if matches_collection {
-                if let Some(ref tv) = type_value {
-                    let _ = gauge.remove_label_values(&[collection, tv]);
-                }
+            if matches_collection && let Some(ref tv) = type_value {
+                let _ = gauge.remove_label_values(&[collection, tv]);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -408,7 +526,7 @@ pub async fn push_metrics_once(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use axum::{routing::put, Router};
+    use axum::{Router, routing::put};
     use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
     #[test]
@@ -480,7 +598,9 @@ mod tests {
         register_metrics();
 
         VOLUME_GAUGE.with_label_values(&["pics", "volume"]).set(2.0);
-        VOLUME_GAUGE.with_label_values(&["pics", "ec_shards"]).set(3.0);
+        VOLUME_GAUGE
+            .with_label_values(&["pics", "ec_shards"])
+            .set(3.0);
         READ_ONLY_VOLUME_GAUGE
             .with_label_values(&["pics", "volume"])
             .set(1.0);

seaweed-volume/src/remote_storage/endpoint_guard.rs

@@ -119,7 +119,11 @@ pub fn check_blocked_ip(endpoint: &str, ip: IpAddr) -> Result<(), String> {
 /// reachable for callers whose target legitimately sits on an internal network
 /// (peer volume servers), while still blocking loopback, link-local (IMDS) and
 /// unspecified. Mirrors Go's `checkBlockedIPPolicy`.
-pub fn check_blocked_ip_policy(endpoint: &str, ip: IpAddr, allow_private: bool) -> Result<(), String> {
+pub fn check_blocked_ip_policy(
+    endpoint: &str,
+    ip: IpAddr,
+    allow_private: bool,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
     // Normalize IPv4-mapped IPv6 (`::ffff:a.b.c.d`) to its IPv4 form so the
     // IPv4 deny rules apply. The OS routes these to the embedded IPv4 address,
     // so without this `::ffff:127.0.0.1` / `::ffff:169.254.169.254` would slip
@@ -173,10 +177,10 @@ pub fn check_blocked_ip_policy(endpoint: &str, ip: IpAddr, allow_private: bool)
     // same host wherever the matching relay exists (common in IPv6-only cloud).
     // to_ipv4_mapped above only covers ::ffff: mapped addresses, so pull the
     // embedded IPv4 out of the other forms and re-check it against the rules.
-    if let IpAddr::V6(v6) = ip {
-        if let Some(v4) = embedded_transition_ipv4(v6) {
-            return check_blocked_ip_policy(endpoint, IpAddr::V4(v4), allow_private);
-        }
+    if let IpAddr::V6(v6) = ip
+        && let Some(v4) = embedded_transition_ipv4(v6)
+    {
+        return check_blocked_ip_policy(endpoint, IpAddr::V4(v4), allow_private);
     }
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -214,9 +218,7 @@ fn precheck_endpoint(endpoint: &str) -> Result<HostCheck, String> {
 
     // Authority is everything up to the first '/', '?', or '#'.
     let after = &trimmed[scheme_end + 3..];
-    let authority_end = after
-        .find(|c| c == '/' || c == '?' || c == '#')
-        .unwrap_or(after.len());
+    let authority_end = after.find(['/', '?', '#']).unwrap_or(after.len());
     let authority = &after[..authority_end];
 
     // Strip optional userinfo ("user:pass@").
@@ -233,7 +235,7 @@ fn precheck_endpoint(endpoint: &str) -> Result<HostCheck, String> {
                 return Err(format!(
                     "remote endpoint {:?} has a malformed IPv6 host",
                     endpoint
-                ))
+                ));
             }
         }
     } else {
@@ -309,7 +311,10 @@ pub async fn validate_replica_target(target: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
         return Err("replica target is empty".to_string());
     }
     if trimmed.contains("://") || trimmed.contains(['/', '?', '#', '@', '\\']) {
-        return Err(format!("replica target {:?} must be a bare host:port", target));
+        return Err(format!(
+            "replica target {:?} must be a bare host:port",
+            target
+        ));
     }
 
     // Require an explicit host:port, handling `[IPv6]:port`. A bracketless IPv6
@@ -318,12 +323,22 @@ pub async fn validate_replica_target(target: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
     let host = if let Some(rest) = trimmed.strip_prefix('[') {
         match rest.split_once(']') {
             Some((h, port)) if port.starts_with(':') && port.len() > 1 => h,
-            _ => return Err(format!("replica target {:?} must be a bare host:port", target)),
+            _ => {
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "replica target {:?} must be a bare host:port",
+                    target
+                ));
+            }
         }
     } else {
         match trimmed.rsplit_once(':') {
             Some((h, port)) if !port.is_empty() && !h.contains(':') => h,
-            _ => return Err(format!("replica target {:?} must be a bare host:port", target)),
+            _ => {
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "replica target {:?} must be a bare host:port",
+                    target
+                ));
+            }
         }
     };
 
@@ -342,7 +357,10 @@ pub async fn validate_replica_target(target: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
 
     let addrs = resolve_host(host).await?;
     if addrs.is_empty() {
-        return Err(format!("resolve replica target host {:?}: no addresses", host));
+        return Err(format!(
+            "resolve replica target host {:?}: no addresses",
+            host
+        ));
     }
     for ip in addrs {
         check_blocked_ip_policy(target, ip, true)?;
@@ -350,6 +368,56 @@ pub async fn validate_replica_target(target: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Resolve `host`, re-apply the replica deny list (private peers allowed) to
+/// every resolved address, and connect to the first one that passes -- the
+/// connect-time twin of [`validate_replica_target`], so a hostname whose DNS
+/// answer flips to a blocked address after the up-front check is still refused.
+/// Mirrors Go's `guardedDialerPolicy` with allowPrivate=true.
+pub async fn guarded_tcp_connect(
+    host: &str,
+    port: u16,
+    endpoint: &str,
+) -> std::io::Result<tokio::net::TcpStream> {
+    use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
+
+    let denied = |e: String| Error::new(ErrorKind::PermissionDenied, e);
+
+    if is_blocked_imds_host(&host.to_ascii_lowercase()) {
+        return Err(denied(format!(
+            "remote endpoint {:?} targets instance metadata service",
+            endpoint
+        )));
+    }
+    if let Ok(ip) = host.parse::<IpAddr>() {
+        check_blocked_ip_policy(endpoint, ip, true).map_err(denied)?;
+        return tokio::net::TcpStream::connect((ip, port)).await;
+    }
+
+    let lookup = tokio::net::lookup_host((host.to_string(), port));
+    let addrs = tokio::time::timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(2), lookup)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|_| {
+            Error::new(
+                ErrorKind::TimedOut,
+                format!("resolve remote endpoint host {:?}: timed out", host),
+            )
+        })??;
+
+    let mut first_block_err: Option<String> = None;
+    for addr in addrs {
+        if let Err(e) = check_blocked_ip_policy(endpoint, addr.ip(), true) {
+            if first_block_err.is_none() {
+                first_block_err = Some(e);
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        return tokio::net::TcpStream::connect(addr).await;
+    }
+    Err(denied(first_block_err.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        format!("resolve remote endpoint host {:?}: no addresses", host)
+    })))
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -380,22 +448,30 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn rejects_empty_and_bad_scheme() {
         assert!(precheck_endpoint("").unwrap_err().contains("empty"));
-        assert!(precheck_endpoint("ftp://example.com/")
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("http or https"));
-        assert!(precheck_endpoint("example.com/")
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("http or https"));
+        assert!(
+            precheck_endpoint("ftp://example.com/")
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("http or https")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            precheck_endpoint("example.com/")
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("http or https")
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn rejects_imds_hostnames() {
-        assert!(precheck_endpoint("http://metadata.google.internal/")
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("metadata service"));
-        assert!(precheck_endpoint("http://metadata/")
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("metadata service"));
+        assert!(
+            precheck_endpoint("http://metadata.google.internal/")
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("metadata service")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            precheck_endpoint("http://metadata/")
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("metadata service")
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -415,27 +491,41 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn check_blocked_ip_matches_resolved_categories() {
         // Mirror Go's "host resolves to X" cases at the address level.
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("127.0.0.1"))
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("loopback"));
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("169.254.10.20"))
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("link-local"));
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("10.1.2.3"))
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("private"));
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("172.20.0.5"))
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("private"));
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("192.168.1.1"))
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("private"));
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("100.64.0.42"))
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("CGNAT"));
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("fc00::1"))
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("private"));
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip("e", ip("127.0.0.1"))
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("loopback")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip("e", ip("169.254.10.20"))
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("link-local")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip("e", ip("10.1.2.3"))
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("private")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip("e", ip("172.20.0.5"))
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("private")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip("e", ip("192.168.1.1"))
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("private")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip("e", ip("100.64.0.42"))
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("CGNAT")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip("e", ip("fc00::1"))
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("private")
+        );
         assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("52.216.10.10")).is_ok());
         assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("2606:4700:4700::1111")).is_ok());
     }
@@ -478,33 +568,45 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("2001::f7f7:f7f7")).is_ok());
         assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("::808:808")).is_ok());
         // Bracketed transition literal via the full endpoint path.
-        assert!(precheck_endpoint("http://[64:ff9b::a9fe:a9fe]/")
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("metadata"));
+        assert!(
+            precheck_endpoint("http://[64:ff9b::a9fe:a9fe]/")
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("metadata")
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn rejects_ipv4_mapped_ipv6() {
         // IPv4-mapped IPv6 must be unmapped so the IPv4 rules catch it.
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("::ffff:127.0.0.1"))
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("loopback"));
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("::ffff:169.254.169.254"))
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("metadata"));
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("::ffff:10.0.0.1"))
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("private"));
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip("e", ip("::ffff:127.0.0.1"))
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("loopback")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip("e", ip("::ffff:169.254.169.254"))
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("metadata")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip("e", ip("::ffff:10.0.0.1"))
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("private")
+        );
         // A mapped public address still passes, and genuine IPv6 loopback is
         // still caught by the V6 path.
         assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("::ffff:52.216.10.10")).is_ok());
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip("e", ip("::1"))
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("loopback"));
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip("e", ip("::1"))
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("loopback")
+        );
         // Bracketed mapped literal via the full endpoint path.
-        assert!(precheck_endpoint("http://[::ffff:127.0.0.1]/")
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("loopback"));
+        assert!(
+            precheck_endpoint("http://[::ffff:127.0.0.1]/")
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("loopback")
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -514,60 +616,86 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(check_blocked_ip_policy("e", ip("192.168.1.5"), true).is_ok());
         assert!(check_blocked_ip_policy("e", ip("100.64.0.42"), true).is_ok());
         // Loopback / IMDS / unspecified stay blocked even when private is allowed.
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip_policy("e", ip("127.0.0.1"), true)
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("loopback"));
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip_policy("e", ip("169.254.169.254"), true)
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("metadata"));
-        assert!(check_blocked_ip_policy("e", ip("0.0.0.0"), true)
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("unspecified"));
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip_policy("e", ip("127.0.0.1"), true)
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("loopback")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip_policy("e", ip("169.254.169.254"), true)
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("metadata")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            check_blocked_ip_policy("e", ip("0.0.0.0"), true)
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("unspecified")
+        );
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn validate_replica_target_rejects_and_allows() {
         // A path plus a trailing ?a= would otherwise swallow ?type=replicate.
-        assert!(validate_replica_target("127.0.0.1:7000/status/x/?a=")
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("bare host:port"));
-        assert!(validate_replica_target("http://10.0.0.7:8080")
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("bare host:port"));
-        assert!(validate_replica_target("user@10.0.0.7:8080")
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("bare host:port"));
-        assert!(validate_replica_target("10.0.0.7")
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("bare host:port"));
-        assert!(validate_replica_target("peer.example.com")
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("bare host:port"));
-        assert!(validate_replica_target("127.0.0.1:8080")
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("loopback"));
-        assert!(validate_replica_target("[::1]:8080")
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("loopback"));
-        assert!(validate_replica_target("169.254.169.254:80")
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("metadata"));
-        assert!(validate_replica_target("metadata:80")
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("metadata"));
-        assert!(validate_replica_target("")
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err()
-            .contains("empty"));
+        assert!(
+            validate_replica_target("127.0.0.1:7000/status/x/?a=")
+                .await
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("bare host:port")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            validate_replica_target("http://10.0.0.7:8080")
+                .await
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("bare host:port")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            validate_replica_target("user@10.0.0.7:8080")
+                .await
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("bare host:port")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            validate_replica_target("10.0.0.7")
+                .await
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("bare host:port")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            validate_replica_target("peer.example.com")
+                .await
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("bare host:port")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            validate_replica_target("127.0.0.1:8080")
+                .await
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("loopback")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            validate_replica_target("[::1]:8080")
+                .await
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("loopback")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            validate_replica_target("169.254.169.254:80")
+                .await
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("metadata")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            validate_replica_target("metadata:80")
+                .await
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("metadata")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            validate_replica_target("")
+                .await
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .contains("empty")
+        );
         // Legitimate peer volume servers on private networks pass.
         assert!(validate_replica_target("10.0.0.7:8080").await.is_ok());
         assert!(validate_replica_target("192.168.1.5:8080").await.is_ok());

seaweed-volume/src/remote_storage/mod.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ pub mod endpoint_guard;
 pub mod s3;
 pub mod s3_tier;
 
-pub use endpoint_guard::{validate_remote_endpoint, validate_replica_target};
+pub use endpoint_guard::{guarded_tcp_connect, validate_remote_endpoint, validate_replica_target};
 
 use crate::pb::remote_pb::{RemoteConf, RemoteStorageLocation};
 

seaweed-volume/src/remote_storage/s3.rs

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 //!
 //! Works with AWS S3, MinIO, SeaweedFS S3, and all S3-compatible providers.
 
-use aws_sdk_s3::config::{BehaviorVersion, Credentials, Region};
-use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
 use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
+use aws_sdk_s3::config::{BehaviorVersion, Credentials, Region};
+use aws_sdk_s3::error::{DisplayErrorContext, SdkError};
+use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
 
 use super::{RemoteEntry, RemoteStorageClient, RemoteStorageError};
 use crate::pb::remote_pb::{RemoteConf, RemoteStorageLocation};
@@ -25,6 +26,23 @@ impl S3RemoteStorageClient {
         endpoint: &str,
         force_path_style: bool,
     ) -> Self {
+        let client = Client::from_conf(
+            Self::config_builder(access_key, secret_key, region, endpoint, force_path_style)
+                .build(),
+        );
+
+        S3RemoteStorageClient { client, conf }
+    }
+
+    /// Build the SDK config for the given credentials and endpoint. Split out so
+    /// tests can attach a canned HTTP client before building the [`Client`].
+    fn config_builder(
+        access_key: &str,
+        secret_key: &str,
+        region: &str,
+        endpoint: &str,
+        force_path_style: bool,
+    ) -> aws_sdk_s3::config::Builder {
         let region = if region.is_empty() {
             "us-east-1"
         } else {
@@ -49,9 +67,7 @@ impl S3RemoteStorageClient {
             s3_config = s3_config.endpoint_url(endpoint);
         }
 
-        let client = Client::from_conf(s3_config.build());
-
-        S3RemoteStorageClient { client, conf }
+        s3_config
     }
 }
 
@@ -75,13 +91,14 @@ impl RemoteStorageClient for S3RemoteStorageClient {
             req = req.range(format!("bytes={}-", offset));
         }
 
-        let resp = req.send().await.map_err(|e| {
-            let msg = format!("{}", e);
-            if msg.contains("NoSuchKey") || msg.contains("404") {
+        let resp = req.send().await.map_err(|e| match e {
+            // Go compares `aerr.Code()` to NoSuchKey on GET
+            // (s3_storage_client.go:436): a bare 404 maps to "NotFound"
+            // and stays a generic error, as it does here.
+            SdkError::ServiceError(ref se) if se.err().is_no_such_key() => {
                 RemoteStorageError::ObjectNotFound(format!("{}/{}", loc.bucket, key))
-            } else {
-                RemoteStorageError::Other(format!("s3 get object: {}", e))
             }
+            e => RemoteStorageError::Other(format!("s3 get object: {}", DisplayErrorContext(&e))),
         })?;
 
         let data = resp
@@ -108,7 +125,9 @@ impl RemoteStorageClient for S3RemoteStorageClient {
             .body(ByteStream::from(data.to_vec()))
             .send()
             .await
-            .map_err(|e| RemoteStorageError::Other(format!("s3 put object: {}", e)))?;
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                RemoteStorageError::Other(format!("s3 put object: {}", DisplayErrorContext(&e)))
+            })?;
 
         Ok(RemoteEntry {
             size: data.len() as i64,
@@ -134,13 +153,18 @@ impl RemoteStorageClient for S3RemoteStorageClient {
             .key(key)
             .send()
             .await
-            .map_err(|e| {
-                let msg = format!("{}", e);
-                if msg.contains("404") || msg.contains("NotFound") {
+            .map_err(|e| match e {
+                // Go checks only the raw HTTP status on HEAD
+                // (s3_storage_client.go:373): a HEAD response carries no
+                // error body, so a 404 is not-found whatever code the SDK
+                // assigns, and a non-404 is not.
+                SdkError::ServiceError(ref se) if se.raw().status().as_u16() == 404 => {
                     RemoteStorageError::ObjectNotFound(format!("{}/{}", loc.bucket, key))
-                } else {
-                    RemoteStorageError::Other(format!("s3 head object: {}", e))
                 }
+                e => RemoteStorageError::Other(format!(
+                    "s3 head object: {}",
+                    DisplayErrorContext(&e)
+                )),
             })?;
 
         Ok(RemoteEntry {
@@ -160,18 +184,17 @@ impl RemoteStorageClient for S3RemoteStorageClient {
             .key(key)
             .send()
             .await
-            .map_err(|e| RemoteStorageError::Other(format!("s3 delete object: {}", e)))?;
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                RemoteStorageError::Other(format!("s3 delete object: {}", DisplayErrorContext(&e)))
+            })?;
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn list_buckets(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>, RemoteStorageError> {
-        let resp = self
-            .client
-            .list_buckets()
-            .send()
-            .await
-            .map_err(|e| RemoteStorageError::Other(format!("s3 list buckets: {}", e)))?;
+        let resp = self.client.list_buckets().send().await.map_err(|e| {
+            RemoteStorageError::Other(format!("s3 list buckets: {}", DisplayErrorContext(&e)))
+        })?;
 
         Ok(resp
             .buckets()
@@ -184,3 +207,178 @@ impl RemoteStorageClient for S3RemoteStorageClient {
         &self.conf
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use aws_sdk_s3::config::http::{HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
+    use aws_sdk_s3::config::retry::RetryConfig;
+    use aws_sdk_s3::config::{HttpClient, RuntimeComponents};
+    use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::SdkBody;
+    use aws_smithy_runtime_api::client::http::{
+        HttpConnector, HttpConnectorFuture, HttpConnectorSettings, SharedHttpConnector,
+    };
+    use aws_smithy_runtime_api::http::StatusCode;
+
+    /// An SDK HTTP client that answers every request with one canned response,
+    /// so the error-mapping paths can be exercised without a network or a
+    /// running S3 server.
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    pub(crate) struct CannedResponse {
+        pub(crate) status: u16,
+        pub(crate) body: &'static str,
+    }
+
+    impl HttpConnector for CannedResponse {
+        fn call(&self, _request: HttpRequest) -> HttpConnectorFuture {
+            let status = StatusCode::try_from(self.status).expect("valid HTTP status");
+            HttpConnectorFuture::ready(Ok(HttpResponse::new(status, SdkBody::from(self.body))))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl HttpClient for CannedResponse {
+        fn http_connector(
+            &self,
+            _settings: &HttpConnectorSettings,
+            _components: &RuntimeComponents,
+        ) -> SharedHttpConnector {
+            SharedHttpConnector::new(self.clone())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn client_with(status: u16, body: &'static str) -> S3RemoteStorageClient {
+        let config = S3RemoteStorageClient::config_builder(
+            "AKIATEST",
+            "secret",
+            "us-east-1",
+            "http://127.0.0.1:1",
+            true,
+        )
+        .http_client(CannedResponse { status, body })
+        .retry_config(RetryConfig::disabled())
+        .build();
+        S3RemoteStorageClient {
+            client: Client::from_conf(config),
+            conf: RemoteConf::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn location() -> RemoteStorageLocation {
+        RemoteStorageLocation {
+            name: "remote".to_string(),
+            bucket: "bucket".to_string(),
+            path: "/dir/missing".to_string(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) const NO_SUCH_KEY: &str = r#"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Error><Code>NoSuchKey</Code><Message>The specified key does not exist.</Message><Key>dir/missing</Key></Error>"#;
+
+    const NOT_FOUND_BODY: &str = r#"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Error><Code>NotFound</Code><Message>Not Found</Message></Error>"#;
+
+    const ACCESS_DENIED: &str = r#"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Error><Code>AccessDenied</Code><Message>Access Denied</Message></Error>"#;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn get_no_such_key_is_object_not_found() {
+        let err = client_with(404, NO_SUCH_KEY)
+            .read_file(&location(), 0, 0)
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(&err, RemoteStorageError::ObjectNotFound(path) if path == "bucket/dir/missing"),
+            "expected ObjectNotFound, got {err:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn get_bare_404_is_not_object_not_found() {
+        // Go compares codes, not statuses, on GET: a body-less 404 stays generic.
+        let err = client_with(404, "")
+            .read_file(&location(), 0, 0)
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(err, RemoteStorageError::Other(_)),
+            "expected Other, got {err:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn head_404_is_object_not_found() {
+        let err = client_with(404, "")
+            .stat_file(&location())
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(&err, RemoteStorageError::ObjectNotFound(path) if path == "bucket/dir/missing"),
+            "expected ObjectNotFound, got {err:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn head_404_with_foreign_error_body_is_object_not_found() {
+        // The raw status check makes a 404 not-found whatever body it carries.
+        let err = client_with(404, NO_SUCH_KEY)
+            .stat_file(&location())
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(err, RemoteStorageError::ObjectNotFound(_)),
+            "expected ObjectNotFound, got {err:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn head_not_found_code_on_a_non_404_status_is_not_object_not_found() {
+        // A NotFound body on a non-404 status stays an error, as in Go.
+        let err = client_with(400, NOT_FOUND_BODY)
+            .stat_file(&location())
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(&err, RemoteStorageError::Other(msg) if msg.contains("NotFound")),
+            "expected Other naming the code, got {err:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn get_access_denied_keeps_service_error_code() {
+        let err = client_with(403, ACCESS_DENIED)
+            .read_file(&location(), 0, 0)
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+        let msg = err.to_string();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(err, RemoteStorageError::Other(_)),
+            "expected Other, got {err:?}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            msg.contains("AccessDenied"),
+            "message should carry the S3 error code, got: {msg}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !msg.ends_with("service error"),
+            "message should not be the bare SdkError Display, got: {msg}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn head_access_denied_keeps_service_error_code() {
+        let err = client_with(403, ACCESS_DENIED)
+            .stat_file(&location())
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+        let msg = err.to_string();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(err, RemoteStorageError::Other(_)),
+            "expected Other, got {err:?}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            msg.contains("AccessDenied"),
+            "message should carry the S3 error code, got: {msg}"
+        );
+    }
+}

seaweed-volume/src/remote_storage/s3_tier.rs

@@ -7,15 +7,66 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::future::Future;
 use std::sync::{Arc, OnceLock, RwLock};
 
-use aws_sdk_s3::config::{BehaviorVersion, Credentials, Region};
-use aws_sdk_s3::types::{CompletedMultipartUpload, CompletedPart};
 use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
+use aws_sdk_s3::config::http::HttpResponse;
+use aws_sdk_s3::config::{BehaviorVersion, Credentials, Region};
+use aws_sdk_s3::error::{DisplayErrorContext, SdkError};
+use aws_sdk_s3::operation::get_object::GetObjectError;
+use aws_sdk_s3::operation::head_object::HeadObjectError;
+use aws_sdk_s3::types::{CompletedMultipartUpload, CompletedPart};
 use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncSeekExt, AsyncWriteExt};
 use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
 
 /// Concurrency limit for multipart upload/download (matches Go's s3manager).
 const CONCURRENCY: usize = 5;
 
+/// A tier transfer failure. The variant is what callers match on; the
+/// message is the operator-facing text.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum TierError {
+    /// The remote object does not exist.
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    NotFound(String),
+    /// An S3 request or a local file operation failed.
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    Io(String),
+    /// The tier I/O runtime could not be built or dropped the task.
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    RuntimeUnavailable(String),
+    /// The progress callback asked to stop.
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    Aborted(String),
+}
+
+// Not-found rules as in remote_storage/s3.rs: HEAD by the raw 404 status,
+// GET by the NoSuchKey code only.
+fn head_object_error(key: &str, e: SdkError<HeadObjectError, HttpResponse>) -> TierError {
+    let message = format!("failed to head object {}: {}", key, DisplayErrorContext(&e));
+    match e {
+        SdkError::ServiceError(ref se) if se.raw().status().as_u16() == 404 => {
+            TierError::NotFound(message)
+        }
+        _ => TierError::Io(message),
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_object_error(
+    key: &str,
+    range: &str,
+    e: SdkError<GetObjectError, HttpResponse>,
+) -> TierError {
+    let message = format!(
+        "failed to get object {} range {}: {}",
+        key,
+        range,
+        DisplayErrorContext(&e)
+    );
+    match e {
+        SdkError::ServiceError(ref se) if se.err().is_no_such_key() => TierError::NotFound(message),
+        _ => TierError::Io(message),
+    }
+}
+
 /// Configuration for an S3 tier backend.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct S3TierConfig {
@@ -81,19 +132,23 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
     /// Returns (s3_key, file_size) on success.
     /// The progress callback receives (bytes_uploaded, percentage).
     /// Uses 64MB part size and 5 concurrent uploads (matches Go s3manager).
+    /// `progress_fn` returning `Err` aborts the upload, mirroring Go's
+    /// `fn(progressed, percentage) error` in `s3_upload.go`, where the error
+    /// surfaces out of `ReadAt` and fails the transfer. It is what lets a
+    /// caller that has hung up stop the work it is no longer waiting for.
     pub async fn upload_file<F>(
         &self,
         file_path: &str,
         progress_fn: F,
-    ) -> Result<(String, u64), String>
+    ) -> Result<(String, u64), TierError>
     where
-        F: FnMut(i64, f32) + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        F: FnMut(i64, f32) -> Result<(), String> + Send + Sync + 'static,
     {
         let key = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
 
         let metadata = tokio::fs::metadata(file_path)
             .await
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to stat file {}: {}", file_path, e))?;
+            .map_err(|e| TierError::Io(format!("failed to stat file {}: {}", file_path, e)))?;
         let file_size = metadata.len();
 
         // Calculate part size: start at 64MB, scale up for very large files (matches Go)
@@ -115,11 +170,16 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
             )
             .send()
             .await
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to create multipart upload: {}", e))?;
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                TierError::Io(format!(
+                    "failed to create multipart upload: {}",
+                    DisplayErrorContext(&e)
+                ))
+            })?;
 
         let upload_id = create_resp
             .upload_id()
-            .ok_or_else(|| "no upload_id in multipart upload response".to_string())?
+            .ok_or_else(|| TierError::Io("no upload_id in multipart upload response".to_string()))?
             .to_string();
 
         // Build list of (part_number, offset, size) for all parts
@@ -155,19 +215,21 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
                 let _permit = sem
                     .acquire()
                     .await
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("semaphore error: {}", e))?;
+                    .map_err(|e| TierError::Io(format!("semaphore error: {}", e)))?;
 
                 // Read this part's data from the file at the correct offset
                 let mut file = tokio::fs::File::open(&fp)
                     .await
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("failed to open file {}: {}", fp, e))?;
+                    .map_err(|e| TierError::Io(format!("failed to open file {}: {}", fp, e)))?;
                 file.seek(std::io::SeekFrom::Start(off))
                     .await
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("failed to seek to offset {}: {}", off, e))?;
+                    .map_err(|e| {
+                        TierError::Io(format!("failed to seek to offset {}: {}", off, e))
+                    })?;
                 let mut buf = vec![0u8; size];
-                file.read_exact(&mut buf)
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("failed to read file at offset {}: {}", off, e))?;
+                file.read_exact(&mut buf).await.map_err(|e| {
+                    TierError::Io(format!("failed to read file at offset {}: {}", off, e))
+                })?;
 
                 let upload_part_resp = client
                     .upload_part()
@@ -179,13 +241,20 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
                     .send()
                     .await
                     .map_err(|e| {
-                        format!("failed to upload part {} at offset {}: {}", pn, off, e)
+                        TierError::Io(format!(
+                            "failed to upload part {} at offset {}: {}",
+                            pn,
+                            off,
+                            DisplayErrorContext(&e)
+                        ))
                     })?;
 
                 let e_tag = upload_part_resp.e_tag().unwrap_or_default().to_string();
 
-                // Report progress
-                {
+                // Report progress. The lock is released before the result is
+                // propagated so an aborting callback cannot poison the mutex
+                // for the other parts still in flight.
+                let progress_result = {
                     let mut guard = progress.lock().unwrap();
                     guard.0 += size as u64;
                     let uploaded = guard.0;
@@ -194,10 +263,11 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
                     } else {
                         100.0
                     };
-                    (guard.1)(uploaded as i64, pct);
-                }
+                    (guard.1)(uploaded as i64, pct)
+                };
+                progress_result.map_err(TierError::Aborted)?;
 
-                Ok::<_, String>(
+                Ok::<_, TierError>(
                     CompletedPart::builder()
                         .e_tag(e_tag)
                         .part_number(pn)
@@ -206,29 +276,63 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
             }));
         }
 
-        // Collect results, preserving part order
-        let mut completed_parts = Vec::with_capacity(handles.len());
-        for handle in handles {
-            let part = handle
+        let finish = async {
+            // Collect results, preserving part order
+            let mut completed_parts = Vec::with_capacity(handles.len());
+            for handle in handles {
+                let part = handle
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|e| TierError::Io(format!("upload task panicked: {}", e)))??;
+                completed_parts.push(part);
+            }
+
+            // Complete multipart upload
+            let completed_upload = CompletedMultipartUpload::builder()
+                .set_parts(Some(completed_parts))
+                .build();
+
+            self.client
+                .complete_multipart_upload()
+                .bucket(&self.bucket)
+                .key(&key)
+                .upload_id(&upload_id)
+                .multipart_upload(completed_upload)
+                .send()
                 .await
-                .map_err(|e| format!("upload task panicked: {}", e))??;
-            completed_parts.push(part);
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    TierError::Io(format!(
+                        "failed to complete multipart upload: {}",
+                        DisplayErrorContext(&e)
+                    ))
+                })?;
+
+            Ok::<(), TierError>(())
         }
+        .await;
 
-        // Complete multipart upload
-        let completed_upload = CompletedMultipartUpload::builder()
-            .set_parts(Some(completed_parts))
-            .build();
-
-        self.client
-            .complete_multipart_upload()
-            .bucket(&self.bucket)
-            .key(&key)
-            .upload_id(&upload_id)
-            .multipart_upload(completed_upload)
-            .send()
-            .await
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to complete multipart upload: {}", e))?;
+        if let Err(e) = finish {
+            // An abandoned multipart upload does not appear in an ordinary
+            // object listing but still accrues storage charges until a
+            // lifecycle rule reaps it. Now that a departing caller aborts the
+            // transfer this is a routine path, not a rare one.
+            if let Err(abort_err) = self
+                .client
+                .abort_multipart_upload()
+                .bucket(&self.bucket)
+                .key(&key)
+                .upload_id(&upload_id)
+                .send()
+                .await
+            {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    "failed to abort multipart upload {} for key {}: {}",
+                    upload_id,
+                    key,
+                    abort_err
+                );
+            }
+            return Err(e);
+        }
 
         Ok((key, file_size))
     }
@@ -238,14 +342,16 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
     ///
     /// Returns the file size on success.
     /// Uses 64MB part size and 5 concurrent downloads (matches Go s3manager).
+    /// `progress_fn` returning `Err` aborts the download, mirroring Go's
+    /// `fn(progressed, percentage) error` in `s3_download.go`.
     pub async fn download_file<F>(
         &self,
         dest_path: &str,
         key: &str,
         progress_fn: F,
-    ) -> Result<u64, String>
+    ) -> Result<u64, TierError>
     where
-        F: FnMut(i64, f32) + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        F: FnMut(i64, f32) -> Result<(), String> + Send + Sync + 'static,
     {
         // Get file size first
         let head_resp = self
@@ -255,7 +361,7 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
             .key(key)
             .send()
             .await
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to head object {}: {}", key, e))?;
+            .map_err(|e| head_object_error(key, e))?;
 
         let file_size = head_resp.content_length().unwrap_or(0) as u64;
 
@@ -267,10 +373,12 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
                 .truncate(true)
                 .open(dest_path)
                 .await
-                .map_err(|e| format!("failed to open dest file {}: {}", dest_path, e))?;
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    TierError::Io(format!("failed to open dest file {}: {}", dest_path, e))
+                })?;
             file.set_len(file_size)
                 .await
-                .map_err(|e| format!("failed to set file length: {}", e))?;
+                .map_err(|e| TierError::Io(format!("failed to set file length: {}", e)))?;
         }
 
         let part_size: u64 = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
@@ -306,7 +414,7 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
                 let _permit = sem
                     .acquire()
                     .await
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("semaphore error: {}", e))?;
+                    .map_err(|e| TierError::Io(format!("semaphore error: {}", e)))?;
 
                 let end = off + size - 1;
                 let range = format!("bytes={}-{}", off, end);
@@ -318,13 +426,13 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
                     .range(&range)
                     .send()
                     .await
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("failed to get object {} range {}: {}", key, range, e))?;
+                    .map_err(|e| get_object_error(&key, &range, e))?;
 
                 let body = get_resp
                     .body
                     .collect()
                     .await
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("failed to read body: {}", e))?;
+                    .map_err(|e| TierError::Io(format!("failed to read body: {}", e)))?;
                 let bytes = body.into_bytes();
 
                 // Write at the correct offset (like Go's WriteAt)
@@ -332,16 +440,22 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
                     .write(true)
                     .open(&dp)
                     .await
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("failed to open dest file {}: {}", dp, e))?;
+                    .map_err(|e| {
+                        TierError::Io(format!("failed to open dest file {}: {}", dp, e))
+                    })?;
                 file.seek(std::io::SeekFrom::Start(off))
                     .await
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("failed to seek to offset {}: {}", off, e))?;
+                    .map_err(|e| {
+                        TierError::Io(format!("failed to seek to offset {}: {}", off, e))
+                    })?;
                 file.write_all(&bytes)
                     .await
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("failed to write to {}: {}", dp, e))?;
+                    .map_err(|e| TierError::Io(format!("failed to write to {}: {}", dp, e)))?;
 
-                // Report progress
-                {
+                // Report progress. The lock is released before the result is
+                // propagated so an aborting callback cannot poison the mutex
+                // for the other parts still in flight.
+                let progress_result = {
                     let mut guard = progress.lock().unwrap();
                     guard.0 += bytes.len() as u64;
                     let downloaded = guard.0;
@@ -350,10 +464,11 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
                     } else {
                         100.0
                     };
-                    (guard.1)(downloaded as i64, pct);
-                }
+                    (guard.1)(downloaded as i64, pct)
+                };
+                progress_result.map_err(TierError::Aborted)?;
 
-                Ok::<_, String>(())
+                Ok::<_, TierError>(())
             }));
         }
 
@@ -361,7 +476,7 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
         for handle in handles {
             handle
                 .await
-                .map_err(|e| format!("download task panicked: {}", e))??;
+                .map_err(|e| TierError::Io(format!("download task panicked: {}", e)))??;
         }
 
         // fsync the file so its content is durable before the caller trims the .vif
@@ -370,16 +485,21 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
             .write(true)
             .open(dest_path)
             .await
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to open {} for fsync: {}", dest_path, e))?;
+            .map_err(|e| TierError::Io(format!("failed to open {} for fsync: {}", dest_path, e)))?;
         synced
             .sync_all()
             .await
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to fsync {}: {}", dest_path, e))?;
+            .map_err(|e| TierError::Io(format!("failed to fsync {}: {}", dest_path, e)))?;
 
         Ok(file_size)
     }
 
-    pub async fn read_range(&self, key: &str, offset: u64, size: usize) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    pub async fn read_range(
+        &self,
+        key: &str,
+        offset: u64,
+        size: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, TierError> {
         let end = offset + (size as u64).saturating_sub(1);
         let range = format!("bytes={}-{}", offset, end);
         let resp = self
@@ -390,29 +510,35 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
             .range(&range)
             .send()
             .await
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to get object {} range {}: {}", key, range, e))?;
+            .map_err(|e| get_object_error(key, &range, e))?;
 
         let body = resp
             .body
             .collect()
             .await
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to read object {} body: {}", key, e))?;
+            .map_err(|e| TierError::Io(format!("failed to read object {} body: {}", key, e)))?;
         Ok(body.into_bytes().to_vec())
     }
 
     /// Delete a file from S3.
-    pub async fn delete_file(&self, key: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    pub async fn delete_file(&self, key: &str) -> Result<(), TierError> {
         self.client
             .delete_object()
             .bucket(&self.bucket)
             .key(key)
             .send()
             .await
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to delete object {}: {}", key, e))?;
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                TierError::Io(format!(
+                    "failed to delete object {}: {}",
+                    key,
+                    DisplayErrorContext(&e)
+                ))
+            })?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn delete_file_blocking(&self, key: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    pub fn delete_file_blocking(&self, key: &str) -> Result<(), TierError> {
         let client = self.client.clone();
         let bucket = self.bucket.clone();
         let key = key.to_string();
@@ -423,7 +549,13 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
                 .key(&key)
                 .send()
                 .await
-                .map_err(|e| format!("failed to delete object {}: {}", key, e))?;
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    TierError::Io(format!(
+                        "failed to delete object {}: {}",
+                        key,
+                        DisplayErrorContext(&e)
+                    ))
+                })?;
             Ok(())
         })
     }
@@ -433,7 +565,7 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
         key: &str,
         offset: u64,
         size: usize,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, TierError> {
         let client = self.client.clone();
         let bucket = self.bucket.clone();
         let key = key.to_string();
@@ -447,13 +579,12 @@ impl S3TierBackend {
                 .range(&range)
                 .send()
                 .await
-                .map_err(|e| format!("failed to get object {} range {}: {}", key, range, e))?;
+                .map_err(|e| get_object_error(&key, &range, e))?;
 
-            let body = resp
-                .body
-                .collect()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| format!("failed to read object {} body: {}", key, e))?;
+            let body =
+                resp.body.collect().await.map_err(|e| {
+                    TierError::Io(format!("failed to read object {} body: {}", key, e))
+                })?;
             Ok(body.into_bytes().to_vec())
         })
     }
@@ -514,18 +645,279 @@ pub fn global_s3_tier_registry() -> &'static RwLock<S3TierRegistry> {
     GLOBAL_S3_TIER_REGISTRY.get_or_init(|| RwLock::new(S3TierRegistry::new()))
 }
 
-fn block_on_tier_future<F, T>(future: F) -> Result<T, String>
-where
-    F: Future<Output = Result<T, String>> + Send + 'static,
-    T: Send + 'static,
-{
-    std::thread::spawn(move || {
-        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+/// The one process-wide runtime for tiered-S3 I/O issued from synchronous
+/// storage code. A per-call runtime tore down the SDK's pooled connections
+/// after every 64 KiB chunk, re-dialing TLS per read; a long-lived runtime
+/// keeps the pool warm.
+///
+/// Built on first use. A build failure is returned, not cached or panicked:
+/// callers sit inside `Volume::destroy` and needle reads, whose own error
+/// paths must run, and a later call may succeed.
+static TIER_RUNTIME: std::sync::Mutex<Option<tokio::runtime::Runtime>> =
+    std::sync::Mutex::new(None);
+
+fn tier_handle() -> Result<tokio::runtime::Handle, TierError> {
+    let mut slot = TIER_RUNTIME
+        .lock()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|poisoned| poisoned.into_inner());
+    if slot.is_none() {
+        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
+            .worker_threads(2)
+            .thread_name("tier-io")
             .enable_all()
             .build()
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to build tokio runtime: {}", e))?;
-        runtime.block_on(future)
-    })
-    .join()
-    .map_err(|_| "tier runtime thread panicked".to_string())?
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                TierError::RuntimeUnavailable(format!(
+                    "failed to build the tier I/O tokio runtime: {}",
+                    e
+                ))
+            })?;
+        *slot = Some(runtime);
+    }
+    Ok(slot.as_ref().expect("just initialised").handle().clone())
+}
+
+/// Run `future` on the tier runtime and block the calling thread until it
+/// finishes. The caller may be a worker of *another* tokio runtime, so this
+/// waits on a channel rather than `Handle::block_on`, which panics when
+/// called from inside any runtime context.
+fn block_on_tier_future<F, T>(future: F) -> Result<T, TierError>
+where
+    F: Future<Output = Result<T, TierError>> + Send + 'static,
+    T: Send + 'static,
+{
+    let handle = tier_handle()?;
+    let task = handle.spawn(future);
+    let (tx, rx) = std::sync::mpsc::sync_channel(1);
+    handle.spawn(async move {
+        // The receiver only goes away if the caller was unwound; nothing to
+        // report then.
+        let _ = tx.send(task.await);
+    });
+    match rx.recv() {
+        Ok(Ok(result)) => result,
+        Ok(Err(join_error)) => Err(describe_join_error(join_error)),
+        Err(_) => Err(TierError::RuntimeUnavailable(
+            "tier I/O runtime dropped the task before it finished".to_string(),
+        )),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Turn a `JoinError` into a message that keeps the panic payload, so an
+/// SDK panic surfaces as "boom" rather than a fixed "thread panicked".
+fn describe_join_error(join_error: tokio::task::JoinError) -> TierError {
+    if join_error.is_panic() {
+        let payload = join_error.into_panic();
+        let message = if let Some(s) = payload.downcast_ref::<&str>() {
+            (*s).to_string()
+        } else if let Some(s) = payload.downcast_ref::<String>() {
+            s.clone()
+        } else {
+            "non-string panic payload".to_string()
+        };
+        TierError::Io(format!("tier I/O task panicked: {}", message))
+    } else {
+        TierError::RuntimeUnavailable(format!("tier I/O task failed: {}", join_error))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::remote_storage::s3::tests::{CannedResponse, NO_SUCH_KEY};
+    use std::collections::HashSet;
+    use tokio::runtime::Handle;
+
+    fn probe() -> Result<(tokio::runtime::Id, Option<String>), TierError> {
+        block_on_tier_future(async {
+            Ok((
+                Handle::current().id(),
+                std::thread::current().name().map(str::to_string),
+            ))
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn block_on_tier_future_reuses_one_runtime() {
+        let (first_runtime, first_thread) = probe().expect("first call");
+        let (second_runtime, second_thread) = probe().expect("second call");
+        assert_eq!(
+            first_runtime, second_runtime,
+            "each call must run on the same long-lived tier runtime"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(first_thread.as_deref(), Some("tier-io"));
+        assert_eq!(second_thread.as_deref(), Some("tier-io"));
+
+        let mut runtimes = HashSet::new();
+        for _ in 0..20 {
+            let (id, _) = probe().expect("probe");
+            runtimes.insert(id);
+        }
+        assert_eq!(runtimes.len(), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn block_on_tier_future_returns_the_value_and_the_error() {
+        assert_eq!(block_on_tier_future(async { Ok(7u32) }).unwrap(), 7);
+        let err = block_on_tier_future::<_, u32>(async { Err(TierError::NotFound("nope".into())) })
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(&err, TierError::NotFound(m) if m == "nope"),
+            "{err:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn block_on_tier_future_works_from_a_std_thread() {
+        let (id, _) = std::thread::spawn(probe)
+            .join()
+            .expect("probe thread")
+            .expect("probe");
+        assert_eq!(id, tier_handle().expect("tier runtime").id());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+    async fn block_on_tier_future_works_from_spawn_blocking() {
+        let (id, _) = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(probe)
+            .await
+            .expect("spawn_blocking")
+            .expect("probe");
+        assert_eq!(id, tier_handle().expect("tier runtime").id());
+        assert_ne!(id, Handle::current().id());
+    }
+
+    // Called straight from another runtime's async context: the case that
+    // would panic with `Handle::block_on` ("Cannot start a runtime from
+    // within a runtime").
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn block_on_tier_future_works_from_a_current_thread_runtime() {
+        let (id, _) = probe().expect("probe");
+        assert_eq!(id, tier_handle().expect("tier runtime").id());
+        assert_ne!(id, Handle::current().id());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+    async fn block_on_tier_future_works_from_a_multi_thread_runtime_worker() {
+        let (id, _) = probe().expect("probe");
+        assert_eq!(id, tier_handle().expect("tier runtime").id());
+        assert_ne!(id, Handle::current().id());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn block_on_tier_future_reports_the_panic_payload() {
+        let err = block_on_tier_future::<_, ()>(async {
+            if std::hint::black_box(true) {
+                panic!("boom {}", 42);
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        })
+        .expect_err("a panicking future must be an error");
+        assert!(matches!(err, TierError::Io(_)), "got: {err:?}");
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("boom 42"), "got: {err}");
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("panicked"), "got: {err}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn block_on_tier_future_reports_a_str_panic_payload() {
+        let err = block_on_tier_future::<_, ()>(async {
+            if std::hint::black_box(true) {
+                panic!("static boom");
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        })
+        .expect_err("a panicking future must be an error");
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("static boom"), "got: {err}");
+    }
+
+    fn backend_answering(status: u16, body: &'static str) -> S3TierBackend {
+        let config = aws_sdk_s3::Config::builder()
+            .behavior_version(BehaviorVersion::latest())
+            .region(Region::new("us-east-1"))
+            .credentials_provider(Credentials::new("AKIATEST", "secret", None, None, "test"))
+            .endpoint_url("http://127.0.0.1:1")
+            .force_path_style(true)
+            .http_client(CannedResponse { status, body })
+            .retry_config(aws_sdk_s3::config::retry::RetryConfig::disabled())
+            .build();
+        S3TierBackend {
+            client: Client::from_conf(config),
+            bucket: "bucket".to_string(),
+            storage_class: "STANDARD".to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn download_head_404_is_not_found() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let dest = tmp.path().join("1.dat");
+        let err = backend_answering(404, "")
+            .download_file(dest.to_str().unwrap(), "missing", |_, _| Ok(()))
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert!(matches!(err, TierError::NotFound(_)), "{err:?}");
+        assert!(
+            err.to_string()
+                .starts_with("failed to head object missing: "),
+            "{err}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn download_head_403_is_io() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let dest = tmp.path().join("1.dat");
+        let err = backend_answering(403, "")
+            .download_file(dest.to_str().unwrap(), "denied", |_, _| Ok(()))
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert!(matches!(err, TierError::Io(_)), "{err:?}");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn read_range_no_such_key_is_not_found() {
+        let err = backend_answering(404, NO_SUCH_KEY)
+            .read_range("missing", 0, 8)
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert!(matches!(err, TierError::NotFound(_)), "{err:?}");
+        assert!(
+            err.to_string()
+                .starts_with("failed to get object missing range bytes=0-7: "),
+            "{err}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn read_range_bare_404_is_io() {
+        // As in Go, GET is not-found by the NoSuchKey code, not the status.
+        let err = backend_answering(404, "")
+            .read_range("missing", 0, 8)
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert!(matches!(err, TierError::Io(_)), "{err:?}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn read_range_blocking_no_such_key_is_not_found() {
+        let err = backend_answering(404, NO_SUCH_KEY)
+            .read_range_blocking("missing", 0, 8)
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert!(matches!(err, TierError::NotFound(_)), "{err:?}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn backend_name_to_type_id_splits_on_dot() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            backend_name_to_type_id("s3"),
+            ("s3".to_string(), "default".to_string())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            backend_name_to_type_id("s3.eu"),
+            ("s3".to_string(), "eu".to_string())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            backend_name_to_type_id("s3.a.b"),
+            (String::new(), String::new())
+        );
+    }
 }

seaweed-volume/src/security.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::net::IpAddr;
 use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
 
-use jsonwebtoken::{decode, encode, Algorithm, DecodingKey, EncodingKey, Header, Validation};
+use jsonwebtoken::{Algorithm, DecodingKey, EncodingKey, Header, Validation, decode, encode};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -297,10 +297,10 @@ impl Guard {
 /// Extract host from "host:port" or "[::1]:port" format.
 fn extract_host(addr: &str) -> String {
     // Handle IPv6 with brackets
-    if addr.starts_with('[') {
-        if let Some(end) = addr.find(']') {
-            return addr[1..end].to_string();
-        }
+    if addr.starts_with('[')
+        && let Some(end) = addr.find(']')
+    {
+        return addr[1..end].to_string();
     }
     // Handle host:port
     if let Some(pos) = addr.rfind(':') {
@@ -481,9 +481,11 @@ mod tests {
         let token = gen_jwt(&key, 3600, "3,01637037d6").unwrap();
 
         // Correct file ID
-        assert!(guard
-            .check_jwt_for_file(Some(&token), "3,01637037d6", true)
-            .is_ok());
+        assert!(
+            guard
+                .check_jwt_for_file(Some(&token), "3,01637037d6", true)
+                .is_ok()
+        );
 
         // Wrong file ID
         let err = guard.check_jwt_for_file(Some(&token), "4,deadbeef", true);

seaweed-volume/src/security/tls.rs

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use rustls::client::danger::HandshakeSignatureValid;
-use rustls::crypto::aws_lc_rs;
 use rustls::crypto::CryptoProvider;
+use rustls::crypto::aws_lc_rs;
 use rustls::pki_types::UnixTime;
 use rustls::pki_types::{CertificateDer, PrivateKeyDer};
-use rustls::server::danger::{ClientCertVerified, ClientCertVerifier};
 use rustls::server::WebPkiClientVerifier;
+use rustls::server::danger::{ClientCertVerified, ClientCertVerifier};
 use rustls::{
     CipherSuite, DigitallySignedStruct, DistinguishedName, RootCertStore, ServerConfig,
     SignatureScheme, SupportedCipherSuite, SupportedProtocolVersion,
@@ -120,10 +120,11 @@ impl ClientCertVerifier for CommonNameVerifier {
 
 // aws-lc-rs and ring both get linked transitively, so rustls can't auto-select
 // a provider and tonic's client TLS panics on first use. Pin the default to
-// aws-lc-rs, matching the server config. Idempotent.
-pub fn install_default_crypto_provider() {
-    let _ = aws_lc_rs::default_provider().install_default();
-}
+// aws-lc-rs, matching the server config. Idempotent. The body lives in
+// seaweed-common so this binary and the Rust plugin workers cannot end up
+// installing different providers; re-exported here so callers keep their
+// import path.
+pub use seaweed_common::tls::install_default_crypto_provider;
 
 pub fn build_rustls_server_config(
     cert_path: &str,
@@ -376,7 +377,7 @@ fn go_tls_version_for_supported(version: &SupportedProtocolVersion) -> GoTlsVers
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::{build_supported_versions, common_name_is_allowed, parse_cipher_suites, TlsPolicy};
+    use super::{TlsPolicy, build_supported_versions, common_name_is_allowed, parse_cipher_suites};
     use rustls::crypto::aws_lc_rs;
     use std::collections::HashSet;
 

seaweed-volume/src/server/debug.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+use axum::Router;
 use axum::body::Body;
 use axum::extract::Query;
-use axum::http::{header, StatusCode};
+use axum::http::{StatusCode, header};
 use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
 use axum::routing::{any, get};
-use axum::Router;
 use pprof::protos::Message;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 

seaweed-volume/src/server/grpc_client.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,42 @@
+//! Construction of the volume server's *outgoing* gRPC clients: TLS material,
+//! endpoint tuning, dial bounds, and the three client constructors every call
+//! site goes through.
+//!
+//! The keepalive, window-size and message-size constants below are shared with
+//! the *inbound* server built in `main.rs`, which imports them from here rather
+//! than declaring its own. Changing one therefore changes both directions at
+//! once, which is deliberate: a volume server talks to its peers with the same
+//! HTTP/2 settings it offers them.
+
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use hyper::http::Uri;
+use tonic::service::interceptor::InterceptedService;
 use tonic::transport::{Certificate, Channel, ClientTlsConfig, Endpoint, Identity};
+use tonic::{Request, Status};
 
 use crate::config::VolumeServerConfig;
+use crate::pb::filer_pb::seaweed_filer_client::SeaweedFilerClient;
+use crate::pb::master_pb::seaweed_client::SeaweedClient;
+use crate::pb::volume_server_pb::volume_server_client::VolumeServerClient;
+use crate::server::request_id::outgoing_request_id_interceptor;
 
 pub const GRPC_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE: usize = 1 << 30;
-const GRPC_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60);
-const GRPC_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(20);
-const GRPC_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE: u32 = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+pub const GRPC_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60);
+pub const GRPC_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(20);
+pub const GRPC_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE: u32 = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+/// Bound on the TCP connect of every outgoing dial. `build_grpc_endpoint` is
+/// private and `connect_channel` is the only way out of this module, so every
+/// call site picks this up whether it thinks about timeouts or not.
+///
+/// It bounds the TCP handshake only — tonic hands it to
+/// `HttpConnector::set_connect_timeout`. A peer that completes the handshake
+/// and then stalls in the TLS or HTTP/2 exchange is not covered; callers that
+/// need that bound wrap the whole dial (see `connect_ping_target`).
+const GRPC_CONNECT_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct OutgoingGrpcTlsConfig {
@@ -40,7 +66,9 @@ pub fn load_outgoing_grpc_tls(
         (&config.grpc_client_cert_file, &config.grpc_client_key_file)
     } else {
         if !config.grpc_client_cert_file.is_empty() || !config.grpc_client_key_file.is_empty() {
-            tracing::warn!("grpc.volume.client_cert and grpc.volume.client_key must both be set, falling back to grpc.volume.cert and grpc.volume.key");
+            tracing::warn!(
+                "grpc.volume.client_cert and grpc.volume.client_key must both be set, falling back to grpc.volume.cert and grpc.volume.key"
+            );
         }
         (&config.grpc_cert_file, &config.grpc_key_file)
     };
@@ -79,7 +107,7 @@ pub fn grpc_endpoint_uri(grpc_host_port: &str, tls: Option<&OutgoingGrpcTlsConfi
     format!("{}://{}", scheme, grpc_host_port)
 }
 
-pub fn build_grpc_endpoint(
+fn build_grpc_endpoint(
     grpc_host_port: &str,
     tls: Option<&OutgoingGrpcTlsConfig>,
 ) -> Result<Endpoint, GrpcClientError> {
@@ -115,6 +143,184 @@ pub fn build_grpc_endpoint(
     Ok(endpoint)
 }
 
+/// Connect `endpoint` through a connector that re-validates every resolved
+/// address at connect time (Go's `guardedDialerPolicy` mirror), pinning a
+/// validated copy/tail source against DNS rebinding. `allow_untrusted`
+/// preserves the plain connect for operators that opted out.
+pub async fn connect_guarded(
+    endpoint: Endpoint,
+    target: &str,
+    allow_untrusted: bool,
+) -> Result<Channel, GrpcClientError> {
+    if allow_untrusted {
+        return endpoint
+            .connect()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| GrpcClientError(format!("connect {} failed: {}", target, e)));
+    }
+    let target_owned = target.to_string();
+    let connector = tower::service_fn(move |uri: Uri| {
+        let target = target_owned.clone();
+        async move {
+            let host = uri.host().unwrap_or_default().to_string();
+            let port = uri.port_u16().unwrap_or(80);
+            crate::remote_storage::guarded_tcp_connect(&host, port, &target)
+                .await
+                .map(hyper_util::rt::TokioIo::new)
+        }
+    });
+    endpoint
+        .connect_with_connector(connector)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| GrpcClientError(format!("connect {} failed: {}", target, e)))
+}
+
+/// How a dial is bounded.
+///
+/// `connect_timeout` is handed to the TCP connector. `request_timeout` becomes
+/// [`Endpoint::timeout`], which tonic installs as a `GrpcTimeout` layer in
+/// front of *every* request the resulting channel carries — it is not a
+/// property of one call.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct GrpcDialOptions {
+    /// Bound on establishing the connection to the peer.
+    pub connect_timeout: Duration,
+    /// Deadline applied to each RPC on the channel, or `None` to leave them
+    /// unbounded.
+    pub request_timeout: Option<Duration>,
+}
+
+impl GrpcDialOptions {
+    /// A short request/response call: connect within 5 s, answer within 10 s.
+    pub fn unary() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            connect_timeout: GRPC_CONNECT_TIMEOUT,
+            request_timeout: Some(Duration::from_secs(10)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A call the peer may take a while to answer: connect within 5 s, answer
+    /// within 30 s.
+    pub fn long() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            connect_timeout: GRPC_CONNECT_TIMEOUT,
+            request_timeout: Some(Duration::from_secs(30)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A bounded connect with no deadline on the RPCs themselves.
+    ///
+    /// `request_timeout` must stay `None` here. [`Endpoint::timeout`] is not a
+    /// transfer budget: tonic layers it as a `GrpcTimeout` around the
+    /// response future, which resolves when the server's *first response
+    /// headers* arrive, so it bounds how long the peer may take to start
+    /// answering — per request, for every request the channel carries. A 10 s
+    /// value picked to suit one short call would therefore also be the header
+    /// deadline for the `VolumeCopy` that shares the dial, and a busy source
+    /// that takes longer than that to open its file would lose the whole copy.
+    /// `VolumeCopy`, `VolumeTailSender` and `VolumeEcShardsCopy` have never
+    /// carried one.
+    pub fn stream() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            connect_timeout: GRPC_CONNECT_TIMEOUT,
+            request_timeout: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Dial a peer and return a connected channel.
+///
+/// The error carries only the transport failure: every caller already wraps it
+/// with the address and the operation it was attempting.
+pub async fn connect_channel(
+    grpc_host_port: &str,
+    tls: Option<&OutgoingGrpcTlsConfig>,
+    opts: GrpcDialOptions,
+) -> Result<Channel, GrpcClientError> {
+    let mut endpoint =
+        build_grpc_endpoint(grpc_host_port, tls)?.connect_timeout(opts.connect_timeout);
+    if let Some(request_timeout) = opts.request_timeout {
+        endpoint = endpoint.timeout(request_timeout);
+    }
+    endpoint
+        .connect()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| GrpcClientError(e.to_string()))
+}
+
+/// Dial a copy/tail source and return a connected channel, re-validating every
+/// resolved address at connect time.
+///
+/// The guarded equivalent of [`connect_channel`]: same `opts` bounds, but the
+/// dial goes through [`connect_guarded`] so a source address that passed
+/// validation cannot be re-pointed by DNS between the check and the connect.
+/// The bounds are applied to the endpoint *before* delegating, so the
+/// `allow_untrusted` opt-out is timed too.
+///
+/// `target` is the caller-facing source address (the unparsed
+/// `"ip:port.grpcPort"` form), which is what the guard pins against; the error
+/// carries only the transport failure, as every caller already wraps it with
+/// the address and the operation it was attempting.
+pub async fn connect_channel_guarded(
+    grpc_host_port: &str,
+    target: &str,
+    tls: Option<&OutgoingGrpcTlsConfig>,
+    opts: GrpcDialOptions,
+    allow_untrusted: bool,
+) -> Result<Channel, GrpcClientError> {
+    let mut endpoint =
+        build_grpc_endpoint(grpc_host_port, tls)?.connect_timeout(opts.connect_timeout);
+    if let Some(request_timeout) = opts.request_timeout {
+        endpoint = endpoint.timeout(request_timeout);
+    }
+    connect_guarded(endpoint, target, allow_untrusted).await
+}
+
+/// The outgoing request-id interceptor as a concrete type, so the client
+/// aliases below can name it.
+pub type RequestIdInterceptor = fn(Request<()>) -> Result<Request<()>, Status>;
+
+/// A volume-server client with the request-id interceptor attached.
+pub type VolumeServerGrpcClient =
+    VolumeServerClient<InterceptedService<Channel, RequestIdInterceptor>>;
+/// A master client with the request-id interceptor attached.
+pub type MasterGrpcClient = SeaweedClient<InterceptedService<Channel, RequestIdInterceptor>>;
+/// A filer client with the request-id interceptor attached.
+pub type FilerGrpcClient = SeaweedFilerClient<InterceptedService<Channel, RequestIdInterceptor>>;
+
+/// Wrap a connected channel in a volume-server client that forwards the
+/// current request id and lifts both message-size limits.
+pub fn volume_server_client(channel: Channel) -> VolumeServerGrpcClient {
+    VolumeServerClient::with_interceptor(
+        channel,
+        outgoing_request_id_interceptor as RequestIdInterceptor,
+    )
+    .max_decoding_message_size(GRPC_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE)
+    .max_encoding_message_size(GRPC_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE)
+}
+
+/// Wrap a connected channel in a master client that forwards the current
+/// request id and lifts both message-size limits.
+pub fn master_client(channel: Channel) -> MasterGrpcClient {
+    SeaweedClient::with_interceptor(
+        channel,
+        outgoing_request_id_interceptor as RequestIdInterceptor,
+    )
+    .max_decoding_message_size(GRPC_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE)
+    .max_encoding_message_size(GRPC_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE)
+}
+
+/// Wrap a connected channel in a filer client that forwards the current
+/// request id and lifts both message-size limits.
+pub fn filer_client(channel: Channel) -> FilerGrpcClient {
+    SeaweedFilerClient::with_interceptor(
+        channel,
+        outgoing_request_id_interceptor as RequestIdInterceptor,
+    )
+    .max_decoding_message_size(GRPC_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE)
+    .max_encoding_message_size(GRPC_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE)
+}
+
 /// Parse a SeaweedFS server address (`"ip:port.grpcPort"` or
 /// `"ip:port"`) into the `host:grpcPort` form `build_grpc_endpoint`
 /// expects. With the trailing `.grpcPort` segment, that segment IS
@@ -124,53 +330,27 @@ pub fn build_grpc_endpoint(
 /// Shared between `grpc_server.rs` and the distributed-EC-read path
 /// in `store_ec.rs` — keep this as the single source of truth so the
 /// HTTP↔gRPC port translation can't drift between callers.
+///
+/// The rule itself lives in `seaweed_common::address`, which the Rust
+/// plugin workers share; this wrapper only flattens the typed error
+/// back to the `String` its callers already handle. Unbracketed IPv6
+/// literals come back bracketed, which this copy used to get wrong.
 pub fn parse_grpc_address(source: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
-    let colon_idx = source
-        .rfind(':')
-        .ok_or_else(|| format!("cannot parse address: {}", source))?;
-    let host = &source[..colon_idx];
-    let port_part = &source[colon_idx + 1..];
-
-    if let Some(dot_idx) = port_part.rfind('.') {
-        // Format: "ip:port.grpcPort". Validate BOTH ports as u16
-        // so a malformed HTTP port (e.g. `host:abc.18080`) is
-        // rejected here rather than tripping a downstream
-        // `build_grpc_endpoint` URI parse failure with a less
-        // useful error.
-        let http_port = &port_part[..dot_idx];
-        let grpc_port = &port_part[dot_idx + 1..];
-        http_port
-            .parse::<u16>()
-            .map_err(|e| format!("invalid http port {:?}: {}", http_port, e))?;
-        grpc_port
-            .parse::<u16>()
-            .map_err(|e| format!("invalid grpc port {:?}: {}", grpc_port, e))?;
-        return Ok(format!("{}:{}", host, grpc_port));
-    }
-
-    // Format: "ip:port" → grpc = port + 10000. Reject inputs whose
-    // implicit grpc port would overflow the TCP port range (e.g.
-    // `host:60000` produces 70000 — invalid). Without this check
-    // the cast silently wraps and the endpoint call later fails
-    // with an opaque connection error.
-    let port: u16 = port_part
-        .parse()
-        .map_err(|e| format!("invalid port {:?}: {}", port_part, e))?;
-    let grpc_port = port as u32 + 10000;
-    if grpc_port > u16::MAX as u32 {
-        return Err(format!(
-            "implicit grpc port out of range: {} + 10000 = {}",
-            port, grpc_port
-        ));
-    }
-    Ok(format!("{}:{}", host, grpc_port))
+    seaweed_common::address::to_grpc_address(source).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::{build_grpc_endpoint, grpc_endpoint_uri, load_outgoing_grpc_tls};
+    use super::{
+        GrpcDialOptions, build_grpc_endpoint, connect_channel, grpc_endpoint_uri,
+        load_outgoing_grpc_tls, volume_server_client,
+    };
     use crate::config::{NeedleMapKind, ReadMode, VolumeServerConfig};
+    use crate::pb::volume_server_pb;
     use crate::security::tls::TlsPolicy;
+    use crate::server::request_id::scope_request_id;
+    use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+    use std::time::Duration;
 
     const TEST_CERT_PEM: &str = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIIBPDCB76ADAgECAhRuRPQgeAu43BT/M7EfAWSdapVdYDAFBgMrZXAwFDESMBAG\nA1UEAwwJbG9jYWxob3N0MB4XDTI2MDcwNTE2MTUyOVoXDTM2MDcwMjE2MTUyOVow\nFDESMBAGA1UEAwwJbG9jYWxob3N0MCowBQYDK2VwAyEAr/3bNIFI+8V32oCiY6y+\nXRFmZpdNQ2g//VtRkT+nQg+jUzBRMB0GA1UdDgQWBBTsy9tLf1zPiXCQfgci6zNi\ndEzRSjAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBTsy9tLf1zPiXCQfgci6zNidEzRSjAPBgNVHRMBAf8E\nBTADAQH/MAUGAytlcANBAIvsdw0IbvOBBkb9cd7BfMJfIP9pQQrAL03pCRWJFnFh\nSysaLVgFXI4T078IiaM874oO+iB+5vNbWEpc7CkGow4=\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n";
     const TEST_KEY_PEM: &str = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\nMC4CAQAwBQYDK2VwBCIEIHbyn71Kk+Y7KT3sBctit7uZpErpoH6qDbFj6P8qGaZH\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n";
@@ -365,4 +545,131 @@ mod tests {
         let err = parse_grpc_address("hostname").unwrap_err();
         assert!(err.contains("cannot parse"), "{}", err);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_grpc_address_brackets_ipv6_literals() {
+        use super::parse_grpc_address;
+        // This used to come back as `::1:29333`, which is not a valid
+        // authority: `build_grpc_endpoint` reads the last colon as the port
+        // separator and rejects the rest.
+        assert_eq!(parse_grpc_address("::1:19333").unwrap(), "[::1]:29333");
+        assert_eq!(parse_grpc_address("::1:9333.19333").unwrap(), "[::1]:19333");
+        // Already bracketed, so it is left alone.
+        assert_eq!(parse_grpc_address("[::1]:9333").unwrap(), "[::1]:19333");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_build_grpc_endpoint_accepts_an_ipv6_master_address() {
+        use super::parse_grpc_address;
+        let endpoint = build_grpc_endpoint(&parse_grpc_address("::1:9333").unwrap(), None).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(endpoint.uri().port_u16(), Some(19333));
+    }
+    /// A minimal HTTP/2 server that records the gRPC request headers it is
+    /// sent and answers every call with a trailers-only `unimplemented`. It is
+    /// enough to prove what a helper-built client puts on the wire, without
+    /// standing up the whole `VolumeServer` service behind a tonic server.
+    async fn serve_header_capture() -> (u16, Arc<Mutex<Option<String>>>) {
+        use hyper::service::service_fn;
+        use hyper_util::rt::{TokioExecutor, TokioIo};
+
+        let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+        let port = listener.local_addr().unwrap().port();
+        let seen: Arc<Mutex<Option<String>>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
+        let captured = Arc::clone(&seen);
+
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            while let Ok((stream, _)) = listener.accept().await {
+                let captured = Arc::clone(&captured);
+                tokio::spawn(async move {
+                    let _ = hyper::server::conn::http2::Builder::new(TokioExecutor::new())
+                        .serve_connection(
+                            TokioIo::new(stream),
+                            service_fn(move |req: hyper::Request<hyper::body::Incoming>| {
+                                let captured = Arc::clone(&captured);
+                                async move {
+                                    let value = req
+                                        .headers()
+                                        .get("x-amz-request-id")
+                                        .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
+                                        .map(str::to_string);
+                                    *captured.lock().unwrap() = value;
+                                    Ok::<_, std::convert::Infallible>(
+                                        hyper::http::Response::builder()
+                                            .status(200)
+                                            .header("content-type", "application/grpc")
+                                            .header("grpc-status", "12")
+                                            .body(tonic::body::Body::empty())
+                                            .unwrap(),
+                                    )
+                                }
+                            }),
+                        )
+                        .await;
+                });
+            }
+        });
+
+        (port, seen)
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_helper_built_client_sends_the_scoped_request_id() {
+        let (port, seen) = serve_header_capture().await;
+
+        let channel = connect_channel(
+            &format!("127.0.0.1:{}", port),
+            None,
+            GrpcDialOptions::unary(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("dial the header-capturing server");
+
+        let mut client = volume_server_client(channel);
+        // The interceptor has a request id to forward only inside a scope, so
+        // the call has to run inside one for this to test anything.
+        let _ = scope_request_id("REQUEST-ID-ON-THE-WIRE".to_string(), async move {
+            client
+                .ping(volume_server_pb::PingRequest {
+                    target: String::new(),
+                    target_type: String::new(),
+                })
+                .await
+        })
+        .await;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            seen.lock().unwrap().as_deref(),
+            Some("REQUEST-ID-ON-THE-WIRE"),
+            "a client built by volume_server_client must carry the outgoing request id"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_dial_presets_match_the_call_sites_they_replace() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            GrpcDialOptions::unary().connect_timeout,
+            Duration::from_secs(5)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            GrpcDialOptions::unary().request_timeout,
+            Some(Duration::from_secs(10))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            GrpcDialOptions::long().connect_timeout,
+            Duration::from_secs(5)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            GrpcDialOptions::long().request_timeout,
+            Some(Duration::from_secs(30))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            GrpcDialOptions::stream().connect_timeout,
+            Duration::from_secs(5)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            GrpcDialOptions::stream().request_timeout,
+            None,
+            "a streaming dial must not put a per-request deadline on the channel"
+        );
+    }
 }