Note the addition of an empty Romanian message catalogue.

Add an empty Romanian message catalogue.
Merge in the supplied Russian translations.
2026-08-17 21:30:07 +01:00 · 2026-08-17 21:29:14 +01:00 · 2026-08-17 21:21:04 +01:00 · 2026-08-12 20:27:12 +01:00 · 2026-08-04 21:11:40 +01:00 · 2026-08-03 21:53:45 +01:00
81 changed files with 13324 additions and 6769 deletions
@@ -8,14 +8,13 @@ bin_PROGRAMS = pv
 dist_doc_DATA = README.md docs/INSTALL docs/COPYING docs/NEWS.md docs/ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.md docs/DEVELOPERS.md
 dist_man1_MANS = docs/pv.1

-EXTRA_DIST = docs/pv.1.md docs/benchmark.sh docs/test-on-vm-lab.sh docs/build-package.sh docs/release.sh
+EXTRA_DIST = docs/pv.1.md docs/benchmark-rw-syscalls-vs-data.sh docs/benchmark-pv-transfers.sh docs/release.cf

 pv_SOURCES = \
 src/main/debug.c \
 src/main/help.c \
 src/main/main.c \
 src/main/options.c \
-src/main/remote.c \
 src/main/version.c \
 src/pv/calc.c \
 src/pv/cursor.c \
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@ src/pv/format/averagerate.c \
 src/pv/format/barstyle.c \
 src/pv/format/bufferpercent.c \
 src/pv/format/bytes.c \
+src/pv/format/conemu.c \
 src/pv/format/eta.c \
 src/pv/format/fineta.c \
 src/pv/format/lastwritten.c \
@@ -33,11 +33,13 @@ src/pv/format/name.c \
 src/pv/format/previousline.c \
 src/pv/format/progressbar.c \
 src/pv/format/rate.c \
+src/pv/format/ratio.c \
 src/pv/format/sgr.c \
 src/pv/format/timer.c \
 src/pv/loop.c \
 src/pv/number.c \
 src/pv/proctitle.c \
+src/pv/remote.c \
 src/pv/signal.c \
 src/pv/state.c \
 src/pv/string.c \
@@ -81,6 +83,8 @@ tests/Integrity_-_Basic.test \
 tests/Integrity_-_Binary_data.test \
 tests/Integrity_-_From_bursty_source.test \
 tests/Integrity_-_Large_file_support.test \
+tests/Integrity_-_On_closed_output_pipe_at_EOF.test \
+tests/Integrity_-_On_failed_input_pipe_at_EOF.test \
 tests/Integrity_-_On_output_pipe_close.test \
 tests/Integrity_-_When_adjusted_remotely.test \
 tests/Memory_safety_-_Basic.test \
@@ -93,12 +97,17 @@ tests/Modifiers_-_--force.test \
 tests/Modifiers_-_--interval.test \
 tests/Modifiers_-_--line-mode.test \
 tests/Modifiers_-_--size_from_file_size.test \
+tests/Modifiers_-_--size_from_dir_size.test \
 tests/Modifiers_-_--size.test \
 tests/Modifiers_-_--sync.test \
+tests/Monitor_-_Basic.test \
+tests/Sparse_-_Basic.test \
 tests/Terminal_-_Detect_width.test \
 tests/Transfer_-_--rate-limit.test \
 tests/Transfer_-_--remote.test \
 tests/Transfer_-_--stop-at-size.test \
+tests/Transfer_-_--stop-at-size_reads.test \
+tests/Watchfd_-_Multiple_arguments.test \
 tests/Watchfd_-_Multiple_descriptors.test \
 tests/Watchfd_-_Single_descriptor.test

@@ -1,10 +1,21 @@
 # Introduction

-This is the README for **pv** ("Pipe Viewer"), a terminal-based tool for
-monitoring the progress of data through a pipeline.  It can be inserted into
-any normal pipeline between two processes to give a visual indication of how
-quickly data is passing through, how long it has taken, how near to
-completion it is, and an estimate of how long it will be until completion.
+**pv** ("Pipe Viewer") is a terminal-based tool for monitoring the progress
+of data through a pipeline and modifying its flow.
+
+When used just like "**cat**", **pv** displays how quickly data is being
+transferred, how long it has taken, how near to completion it is, and an
+estimate of how long it will be until completion.  Data flow rate, error
+handling strategy, buffer size, and cache interaction can all be adjusted.
+
+With the "**\--cursor**" option, several **pv** instances can work together,
+showing transfer progress at different points in the same pipeline.
+
+In "**\--watchfd**" mode, **pv** will inspect another process and show its
+progress through the files it has open.
+
+In "**\--monitor**" mode, **pv** will run a command and display the progress
+of data through both its standard input and its standard output.


 # Documentation
@@ -51,7 +62,7 @@ run it as described above.
 See "[docs/ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.md](./docs/ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.md)" for a list of
 contributors.

-Copyright (C) 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood.
+Copyright (C) 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood.

 License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>.

@@ -69,12 +80,12 @@ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License, version
 3, in "[docs/COPYING](./docs/COPYING)".  If not, see
 <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>.

-Please report any bugs to **pv@ivarch.com**, or use the issue tracker linked
-from the **pv** home page.
+Please report bugs or request features via the issue tracker linked from the
+home page.

 The **pv** home page is at:

-> [https://www.ivarch.com/programs/pv.shtml](https://www.ivarch.com/programs/pv.shtml)
+> [https://ivarch.com/p/pv](https://ivarch.com/p/pv)

 The latest version can always be found here.

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 dnl
-dnl Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+dnl Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 dnl
 dnl License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.

-AC_INIT([pv], [1.9.31], [pv@ivarch.com], [pv], [https://www.ivarch.com/programs/pv.shtml])
+AC_INIT([pv], [1.11.0], [https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues], [pv], [https://ivarch.com/p/pv])
 AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/include/config.h.in])
 AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR([build-aux])
 AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([src/include/config.h])
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ AC_C_CONST
 AC_HEADER_STDBOOL
 AC_SYS_LARGEFILE
 AM_GNU_GETTEXT_VERSION([0.21])
+AM_GNU_GETTEXT_REQUIRE_VERSION([0.21])
 AM_GNU_GETTEXT([external])
 if test "$USE_NLS" = "yes"; then
  CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -DLOCALEDIR=\\\"\$(localedir)\\\""
@@ -25,12 +26,15 @@ fi

 dnl Items we can use if present, but can do without if not present.
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([getopt_long])
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS([vsnprintf strlcat strtoul memrchr])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([vsnprintf vasprintf strlcat strtoul memrchr])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([fdatasync])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([fpathconf sysconf posix_memalign posix_fadvise])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([getcwd])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([nanosleep])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([setitimer])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([setproctitle])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([nftw])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([strsignal])
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([getopt.h])
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([limits.h])
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([langinfo.h])
@@ -40,20 +44,25 @@ AC_CHECK_HEADERS([libgen.h])
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([sys/ioctl.h])
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([libintl.h locale.h])
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([sys/sysmacros.h])
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS([ftw.h])
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS([poll.h sys/poll.h])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([poll])
 AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_blksize])
 AC_CHECK_DECLS([SA_SIGINFO], [], [], [[#include <signal.h>]])

 AC_SEARCH_LIBS([sqrtl],[m])
 AC_SEARCH_LIBS([fmod],[m])
+AC_SEARCH_LIBS([lroundl],[m])
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([math.h])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([sqrtl])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([fmod])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([lroundl])

 dnl Libraries that may contain key functions.
 AC_SEARCH_LIBS([clock_gettime],[rt])

 dnl Items we can't do without.
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS([alarm basename clock_gettime dup2 getcwd memcpy memmove memset mkdir select setlocale strchr strerror strrchr strstr], [], [AC_MSG_ERROR([required function is missing])])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([alarm basename clock_gettime dup2 memcpy memmove memset mkdir select setlocale strchr strerror strrchr strstr], [], [AC_MSG_ERROR([required function is missing])])
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([fcntl.h sys/file.h sys/time.h unistd.h], [], [AC_MSG_ERROR([required header file is missing])])

 dnl Make sure all the types we use are defined.
@@ -134,6 +143,15 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([splice],
  SPLICE_SUPPORT="yes"
 )

+COPY_FILE_RANGE_SUPPORT="no"
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([copy-file-range],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-copy-file-range], [do not use copy_file_range system call])],
+  if test "$enable_copy_file_range" = "yes"; then
+    COPY_FILE_RANGE_SUPPORT="yes"
+  fi,
+  COPY_FILE_RANGE_SUPPORT="yes"
+)
+
 IPC_SUPPORT="no"
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([ipc],
  [AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-ipc], [turn off IPC messaging])],
@@ -188,6 +206,10 @@ if test "$SPLICE_SUPPORT" = "yes"; then
  AC_CHECK_FUNCS([splice])
 fi

+if test "$COPY_FILE_RANGE_SUPPORT" = "yes"; then
+  AC_CHECK_FUNCS([copy_file_range])
+fi
+
 CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -I\$(top_srcdir)/src/include"

 dnl This must go after all the compiler based tests above.
@@ -84,47 +84,69 @@ is acknowledged and greatly appreciated:
 * [Nick Black](https://nick-black.com) - added **--bits** option
 * [Andrew Schulman](https://github.com/andrew-schulman) - provided reproducible example of terminal size detection issue in 1.7.17/1.7.18
 * [fuschia74](https://github.com/fuchsia74) - provided **--enable-static**  patch for "`configure`"
- * [Wilhelm von Thiele](https://github.com/TurtleWilly) - assisted with OS X cleanups ([#73](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/73), [#74](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/74))
- * Matějů Miroslav, Ing. - suggested fix for ETA and elapsed time faults when suspending and resuming a machine ([#13](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/13))
- * Anthony DeRobertis - suggested the **--error-skip-block** option ([#37](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/37))
+ * [Wilhelm von Thiele](https://github.com/TurtleWilly) - assisted with OS X cleanups ([#73](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/73), [#74](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/74))
+ * Matějů Miroslav, Ing. - suggested fix for ETA and elapsed time faults when suspending and resuming a machine ([#13](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/13))
+ * Anthony DeRobertis - suggested the **--error-skip-block** option ([#37](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/37))
 * Benoit Pierre - provided patches for compilation without IPC support, without HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLKSIZE, and on MacOS
- * [gustav-b](https://codeberg.org/gustav-b) - suggested percentage formatting correction ([#80](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/80))
- * [Thomas Bertels](https://codeberg.org/tbertels) - updated French translations ([#83](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pulls/83))
- * [kevinruddy](https://codeberg.org/kevinruddy) - added decimal units option ([#85](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pulls/85))
- * [xmort](https://codeberg.org/xmort) - added **--output** option ([#90](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pulls/90))
- * [bogiord](https://codeberg.org/bogiord) - reported the loss of output block device size detection in 1.8.10, and suggested the fix ([#91](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/91))
- * [eborisch](https://codeberg.org/eborisch) - provided fix for misbehaviour when used with "`zfs send`" due to treating zero sized writes (generally due to timer interruption) as end of file ([#92](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pulls/92), [#93](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pulls/93))
- * [alexanderperlis](https://codeberg.org/alexanderperlis) - provided initial support for block devices with **--size `@`FILE** ([#94](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pulls/94))
- * [jettero](https://codeberg.org/jettero) - reported double-free coredump when using **--watchfd** after 1.8.10 ([#96](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/96))
- * Venky.N.Iyer - suggested **--stats** ([#49](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/49))
- * Roland Kletzing - suggested **--rate** with **--numeric** ([#17](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/17))
- * [Michael Mior](https://codeberg.org/michaelmior) - suggested **--store-and-forward** ([#100](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/100))
- * [dbungert](https://codeberg.org/dbungert) - reported issue with *valgrind* 3.23 misreporting leaking file descriptors ([#97](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/97))
- * Joachim Haga - suggested showing progress in the window title ([#3](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/3))
- * [Martin Sarsale](https://github.com/runa) - suggested showing progress in the process title ([#4](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/4))
- * [2bits](https://github.com/2bits) - reported position sensing fault with **--watchfd** in 1.9.0 ([#118](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/118))
- * [heitbaum](https://codeberg.org/heitbaum) - assisted with cross-compilation fault introduced in 1.9.7 ([#120](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/120))
- * [meego](https://codeberg.org/meego) - suggested "**%nL**", the last line preview ([#121](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/121))
- * [Alexander Petrossian](https://github.com/neopaf) - suggested using Unicode output for a more granular progress bar, and provided the codepoints to use ([#15](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/15))
- * [jmealo](https://codeberg.org/jmealo) - suggested JSON progress output ([#127](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/127))
+ * [gustav-b](https://codeberg.org/gustav-b) - suggested percentage formatting correction ([#80](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/80))
+ * [Thomas Bertels](https://codeberg.org/tbertels) - updated French translations ([#83](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/83))
+ * [kevinruddy](https://codeberg.org/kevinruddy) - added decimal units option ([#85](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/85))
+ * [xmort](https://codeberg.org/xmort) - added **--output** option ([#90](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/90))
+ * [bogiord](https://codeberg.org/bogiord) - reported the loss of output block device size detection in 1.8.10, and suggested the fix ([#91](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/91))
+ * [eborisch](https://codeberg.org/eborisch) - provided fix for misbehaviour when used with "`zfs send`" due to treating zero sized writes (generally due to timer interruption) as end of file ([#92](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/92), [#93](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/93))
+ * [alexanderperlis](https://codeberg.org/alexanderperlis) - provided initial support for block devices with **--size `@`FILE** ([#94](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/94))
+ * [jettero](https://codeberg.org/jettero) - reported double-free coredump when using **--watchfd** after 1.8.10 ([#96](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/96))
+ * Venky.N.Iyer - suggested **--stats** ([#49](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/49))
+ * Roland Kletzing - suggested **--rate** with **--numeric** ([#17](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/17))
+ * [Michael Mior](https://codeberg.org/michaelmior) - suggested **--store-and-forward** ([#100](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/100))
+ * [dbungert](https://codeberg.org/dbungert) - reported issue with *valgrind* 3.23 misreporting leaking file descriptors ([#97](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/97))
+ * Joachim Haga - suggested showing progress in the window title ([#3](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/3))
+ * [Martin Sarsale](https://github.com/runa) - suggested showing progress in the process title ([#4](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/4))
+ * [2bits](https://github.com/2bits) - reported position sensing fault with **--watchfd** in 1.9.0 ([#118](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/118))
+ * [heitbaum](https://codeberg.org/heitbaum) - assisted with cross-compilation fault introduced in 1.9.7 ([#120](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/120))
+ * [meego](https://codeberg.org/meego) - suggested "**%nL**", the last line preview ([#121](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/121))
+ * [Alexander Petrossian](https://github.com/neopaf) - suggested using Unicode output for a more granular progress bar, and provided the codepoints to use ([#15](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/15))
+ * [jmealo](https://codeberg.org/jmealo) - suggested JSON progress output ([#127](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/127))
+ * [ipaqmaster](https://codeberg.org/ipaqmaster) - investigated 100%-CPU utilisation bug when piping to a command that has exited ([#164](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/164))
+ * Andriy Galetski, and also [thinrope](https://codeberg.org/thinrope) - suggested the "**--sparse**" option ([#45](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/45))
+ * [KimHansen](https://codeberg.org/KimHansen) - suggested that "**--watchfd**" should keep its display when the process ends ([#81](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/81))
+ * [njt](https://codeberg.org/njt) - suggested that "**--size** @*PATH*" should accept directories ([#179](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/179))
+ * [mojohakase](https://codeberg.org/mojohakase) - provided fix for multiplication bug when combining "**--bits**" with "**--gauge**" ([#182](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/182))
+ * [traq6046](https://codeberg.org/traq6046) - highlighted autoreconf issues with the repository ([#185](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/185))
+ * [heitbaum](https://codeberg.org/heitbaum) - fixed GCC warning when using glibc 2.43 ([#180](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/180))
+ * [haarp](https://codeberg.org/haarp) - reported that control-C writes "^C" over the progress, and suggested a fix ([#187](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/187))
+ * [Wolfgang Hoschek](https://codeberg.org/whoschek) - provided a fix for the endless wait if the output receiver exits before emptying the pipe ([#189](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/189))
+ * [oech3](https://codeberg.org/oech3) - suggested and tested performance improvements using `splice()` in more situations on Linux ([#188](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/188), [#191](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/191), [#192](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/192))
+ * [Barak A. Pearlmutter](https://codeberg.org/barak) - suggested that "**--rate-limit**" should accept non-integer values ([#193](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/193))
+ * [dirkmueller](https://codeberg.org/dirkmueller) - fixed the potential for stdout closure under a combination of error conditions in **--monitor** mode ([#201](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/201))
+ * [InkstainTheBat](https://codeberg.org/InkstainTheBat) - suggested ConEmu OSC 9;4 support ([#202](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/202))

 Translations provided through [Codeberg Weblate](https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/pv/):

 * **Czech**
   * [mmatous](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/mmatous/) (135)
+ * **Finnish**
+   * [artnay](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/artnay/) (65)
+   * [Ricky-Tigg](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/Ricky-Tigg/) (66)
 * **French**
   * anonymous suggestions (7)
+   * [milimarg](https://codeberg.org/milimarg) (13)
+   * [Maxi_Mega](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/Maxi_Mega/) (11)
 * **German**
   * [Hartmut Goebel](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/htgoebel/) (77)
   * [m0yellow](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/m0yellow/) (9)
   * [Benny](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/Benny/) (7)
   * [kre](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/kre/) (2)
   * [fnetX](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/fnetX/) (1)
+ * **Italian**
+   * [ldm](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/ldm/) (27)
 * **Polish**
-   * [coralpink](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/coralpink/) (106)
+   * [coralpink](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/coralpink/) (122)
 * **Russian**
   * [0ko](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/0ko/) (157)
+   * [some_user](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/some_user/) (7)
 * **Turkish**
   * [omerdduran](https://translate.codeberg.org/user/omerdduran/) (129)
+   * [Oğuz Ersen](https://codeberg.org/ersen) (8)

 ---
@@ -133,18 +133,64 @@ translations (empty _"msgstr"_ lines) or translations marked as "fuzzy", as
 these will need to be corrected by translators.


+## Benchmarking
+
+The "`docs/benchmark-pv-transfers.sh`" script, introduced in
+[#198](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/198), is used to check that new
+changes to **pv** aren't making it less efficient at transferring data.  Run
+it with the **--help** option for a summary of its options.
+
+In _benchmark_ mode, it takes multiple rounds of measurements of the
+transfer rate using various different transfer options.  The mean (μ) and
+standard deviation (σ) of each measurement is produced at the end of the
+run.  All data is written to the standard output - pipe to "`tee OUTPUT`" to
+write to a file _OUTPUT_ while still displaying it on the terminal.
+
+Either a specific **pv** binary can be benchmarked (with the **-p** option),
+or multiple **pv** versions can be benchmarked in a single call, each one
+counting as an individual run (with the **-d** option, pointing to a
+directory containing _tar.gz_ source archives).
+
+Transfer rate measurements use up to two test files, the size of which can
+be overridden by the **-s** option, and some measurements will transfer and
+discard zeros from _/dev/zero_, the amount of which can be overridden with
+the **-z** option.
+
+The measured rates may vary significantly due to external factors such as
+system load, so multiple measurement rounds (the **-r** option) are
+recommended per run.
+
+In _analyse_ mode, the results of multiple runs are read from standard
+input, and a report is produced that shows how each measurement differs
+between runs.
+
+If the input data is from multiple versions of **pv**, the differences
+between versions will be compared; otherwise, the differences between
+individual runs will be compared.  The **-c** option overrides this.
+
+When re-using data from multiple runs, the **-f** option causes the report
+to only show the differences between the last two runs (or versions).
+
+The **-t** option produces a terse report that is more machine-readable.
+
+In _measurements_ mode, a list of all of the measurement types is produced.
+Each type of measurement has an associated ID - these IDs can be passed to
+the benchmark mode to only run a subset of the measurements in that run.
+
+
 ## Release checklist

 The package maintainer should run through these steps for a new release:

 * Check for patches and bug reports:
-   * <https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues>
+   * <https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues>
   * <https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/pv>
   * <https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pv>
   * <https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/pv/>
   * <https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/sys-apps/pv>
   * <https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/ports/sysutils/pv/>
   * <https://packages.fedoraproject.org/pkgs/pv/pv/>
+ * Check for translation updates <https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/pv>
 * Run "`make indent; make indent indentclean check`"
 * Check that _po/POTFILES.in_ is up to date
 * Run "`make -C po update-po`"
@@ -1,6 +1,91 @@
+### UNRELEASED
+
+ * *feature:* new **--format** string **%{progress-conemu}**, and option **--conemu**, to show progress in the terminal title tab on terminals with ConEmu OSC 9;4 support ([#202](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/202))
+ * *cleanup:* eliminate potential for closure of standard output under a combination of error conditions when using **--monitor** mode ([#201](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/201))
+ * *i18n:* Italian translations added
+ * *i18n:* Russian translations updated
+ * *i18n:* empty Romanian message catalogue added, awaiting translations
+
+### 1.11.0 - 11 June 2026
+
+ * *feature:* new **--monitor** option to run a command and watch its input, output, or both ([#67](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/67))
+ * *feature:* allow decimal values for **--rate-limit** ([#193](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/193))
+ * *feature:* extend the **--format** string **%T**/**%{buffer-percent}** to indicate the transfer method when the buffer isn't being used
+ * *performance:* insert an intermediate input pipe where it would allow `splice()` to be used in more circumstances ([#188](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/188))
+ * *performance:* use `copy_file_range`(2) when the input and output are both regular files ([#196](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/196))
+ * *performance:* improve **--discard** performance by splicing to /dev/null internally ([#191](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/191))
+ * *fix:* report signal interrupts on a new line, so that control-C doesn't write "^C" over the progress ([#187](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/187))
+ * *fix:* prevent an endless wait if there is unread data in the output pipe when its reader terminates ([#189](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/189))
+ * *fix:* prevent `splice()` from falling back to `read()` when using **--rate-limit**
+ * *fix:* stop spliced transfers requiring two EOFs when the input is a terminal
+ * *fix:* add timer interrupt to spliced transfers to avoid progress display lockup when the receiver stalls
+ * *fix:* exit with an error if the PID file given to **--pidfile** cannot be replaced
+ * *fix:* correct the **--help** word wrapping on very small terminals
+ * *i18n:* Polish translations updated
+ * *i18n:* Finnish translations updated
+ * *i18n:* German translations updated
+ * *i18n:* French translations updated
+ * *i18n:* partial draft of Georgian translations added
+ * *i18n:* removed empty unmaintained translation catalogue for Spanish
+ * *cleanup:* fix GCC warning when using glibc 2.43 ([#180](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/180))
+ * *cleanup:* fix warning in pv_remote_check() stub on OpenBSD
+ * *cleanup:* use dynamic line buffers for **--watchfd** process lookups
+ * *cleanup:* replace the blanket 100,000-hour clamp on displayed times with a million days for timer and ETA, and 7,000 years for estimated finish time, on 64-bit systems
+ * *cleanup:* use rounding when calculating ETA, and avoid integer overflows, particularly on 32-bit systems
+ * *cleanup:* standardise the error reporting mechanism
+ * *cleanup:* improve code comments
+
+### 1.10.5 - 22 March 2026
+
+ * *fix:* when using **--bits** with **--gauge**, don't incorrectly multiply the rate twice ([#182](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/182))
+
+### 1.10.4 - 8 March 2026
+
+ * *fix:* when using **--size @PATH**, *PATH* can be a directory, and the total size of all files within it will be used ([#179](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/179))
+
+### 1.10.3 - 15 December 2025
+
+ * *fix:* stop truncating the process title set by **--extra-display**
+
+### 1.10.2 - 22 November 2025
+
+ * *i18n:* Finnish translations updated
+ * *cleanup:* adjust valgrind suppressions so memory safety tests work on LTO builds ([#174](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/174)/[Debian bug 1121157](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1121157))
+
+### 1.10.1 - 12 November 2025
+
+ * *fix:* correct **--watchfd** memory allocation error when given multiple arguments ([#170](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/170))
+
+### 1.10.0 - 7 November 2025
+
+ * *feature:* new **--query** option to show the transfer status of another running **pv** ([#101](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/101))
+ * *fix:* make the timers work consistently in **--watchfd** if paused and resumed ([#169](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/169))
+
+### 1.9.44 - 18 October 2025
+
+ * *feature:* new **--sparse** option to write sparse output ([#45](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/45))
+ * *fix:* don't clear the **--watchfd** display when the watched process ends ([#81](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/81))
+
+### 1.9.42 - 11 October 2025
+
+ * *feature:* permit multiple arguments to **--watchfd** ([#12](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/12))
+ * *feature:* new "**=NAME**" syntax for **--watchfd** to watch processes by name using **pgrep**(1) ([#95](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/95))
+ * *feature:* new "**@LISTFILE**" syntax for **--watchfd** to watch processes listed in a file
+ * *fix:* improve support for changing the format of a **--watchfd** process with **--remote**
+ * *fix:* don't read more than **--size** bytes when using **--stop-at-size** ([#166](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/166))
+ * *fix:* transfer nothing if **--stop-at-size** is given a **--size** of 0 ([#166](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/166))
+ * *i18n:* Finnish translation stub added
+ * *i18n:* Turkish translations updated
+
+### 1.9.34 - 26 July 2025
+
+ * *fix:* prevent tight loop consuming CPU when waiting for a partially filled output pipe to be drained ([#164](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/164))
+ * *fix:* correct a memory handling fault when using **--bar-style** with **--watchfd** ([#163](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/163))
+ * *i18n:* French translations updated
+
 ### 1.9.31 - 28 January 2025

- * *feature:* the **--format** option can now be used with **--numeric** for customised numeric output, such as JSON ([#127](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/127))
+ * *feature:* the **--format** option can now be used with **--numeric** for customised numeric output, such as JSON ([#127](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/127))
 * *i18n:* German translations updated
 * *i18n:* Polish translations updated
 * *i18n:* Russian translations updated
@@ -12,14 +97,14 @@

 ### 1.9.25 - 22 December 2024

- * *fix:* test failure of **--watchfd** on macOS corrected ([#124](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/124))
+ * *fix:* test failure of **--watchfd** on macOS corrected ([#124](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/124))

 ### 1.9.24 - 19 December 2024

- * *feature:* new **--format** sequences for graphical progress bars - "**%{bar-block}**", "**%{bar-granular}**", and "**%{bar-shaded}**" ([#15](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/15))
+ * *feature:* new **--format** sequences for graphical progress bars - "**%{bar-block}**", "**%{bar-granular}**", and "**%{bar-shaded}**" ([#15](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/15))
 * *feature:* new **--format** sequence "**%{sgr:colour,...}**" to use ECMA-48 Select Graphic Rendition codes to add colours
- * *feature:* new **--bar-style** option to change the default bar style ([#15](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/15))
- * *feature:* allow decimal values such as "1.5G" with "**--size**", "**--rate-limit**", "**--buffer-size**", and "**error-skip-block**" ([#35](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/35))
+ * *feature:* new **--bar-style** option to change the default bar style ([#15](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/15))
+ * *feature:* allow decimal values such as "1.5G" with "**--size**", "**--rate-limit**", "**--buffer-size**", and "**error-skip-block**" ([#35](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/35))
 * *cleanup:* improve progress bar granularity on wide displays by internally tracking the transfer percentage as a decimal number
 * *cleanup:* correct detection of **--remote** usability on GNU Hurd
 * *cleanup:* reduce likelihood of race conditions in tests when running on slow systems
@@ -28,41 +113,41 @@

 ### 1.9.15 - 8 December 2024

- * *feature:* new **--format** sequence "**%nL**", showing the most recent line written ([#121](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/121))
+ * *feature:* new **--format** sequence "**%nL**", showing the most recent line written ([#121](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/121))
 * *feature:* each **--format** sequence now has a more readable equivalent name, for example "**%r**" can be written as "**%{rate}**"
 * *feature:* new **--format** sequences "**%{progress-bar-only}**" and "**%{progress-amount-only}**"
- * *fix:* allow **--format** to include "%nA" more than once, with different "n" values ([#122](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/122))
+ * *fix:* allow **--format** to include "%nA" more than once, with different "n" values ([#122](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/122))
 * *fix:* allow **--format** to include "%p" more than once, with optional width prefix
 * *fix:* calculate width correctly when wide characters are in **--format** strings
- * *fix:* add _configure_ script fallback for **--remote** check when cross-compiling ([#120](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/120))
- * *fix:* allow **extra-display** to be changed by **--remote** ([#123](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/123))
+ * *fix:* add _configure_ script fallback for **--remote** check when cross-compiling ([#120](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/120))
+ * *fix:* allow **extra-display** to be changed by **--remote** ([#123](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/123))
 * *cleanup:* refactored display formatters into separate functions
 * *cleanup:* improve format parser handling of dangling or invalid "%" sequences

 ### 1.9.7 - 2 December 2024

- * *feature:* new **--extra-display** option to update window and process titles ([#3](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/3), [#4](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/4))
- * *fix:* correct failure to report file positions in **--watchfd** ([#118](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/118))
+ * *feature:* new **--extra-display** option to update window and process titles ([#3](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/3), [#4](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/4))
+ * *fix:* correct failure to report file positions in **--watchfd** ([#118](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/118))
 * *i18n:* Russian translations added
- * *cleanup:* tests added for **--watchfd** ([#10](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/10))
- * *cleanup:* worked around file descriptor leak false positives in valgrind 3.23 ([#97](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/97))
+ * *cleanup:* tests added for **--watchfd** ([#10](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/10))
+ * *cleanup:* worked around file descriptor leak false positives in valgrind 3.23 ([#97](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/97))
 * *cleanup:* cleared all *shellcheck* warnings in the test scripts
- * *cleanup:* check at compile-time whether **--remote** is going to be usable ([#119](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/119))
+ * *cleanup:* check at compile-time whether **--remote** is going to be usable ([#119](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/119))

 ### 1.9.0 - 15 October 2024

- * *feature:* new **--store-and-forward** option to read input to a file first, then write it to the output ([#100](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/100))
- * *feature:* new **--stats** option to show transfer stats at the end, like "`ping`" ([#49](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/49))
- * *feature:* **--rate** can now be used with **--numeric** ([#17](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/17))
- * *feature:* **--gauge** with **--progress** to show rate gauge when size is unknown ([#46](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/46))
+ * *feature:* new **--store-and-forward** option to read input to a file first, then write it to the output ([#100](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/100))
+ * *feature:* new **--stats** option to show transfer stats at the end, like "`ping`" ([#49](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/49))
+ * *feature:* **--rate** can now be used with **--numeric** ([#17](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/17))
+ * *feature:* **--gauge** with **--progress** to show rate gauge when size is unknown ([#46](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/46))
 * *i18n:* comprehensive German translations update
 * *i18n:* comprehensive Polish translations update
 * *i18n:* complete Turkish translations added
 * *i18n:* complete Czech translations added
 * *i18n:* updates to French translations
- * *fix:* resume stopped pipelines when running in the background (part of [#56](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/56))
+ * *fix:* resume stopped pipelines when running in the background (part of [#56](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/56))
 * *fix:* inspect the output pipe buffer to give a more accurate progress indicator of how much the next command has consumed
- * *fix:* prefix completion time (**--fineta**) with *FIN* rather than *ETA* ([#43](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/43))
+ * *fix:* prefix completion time (**--fineta**) with *FIN* rather than *ETA* ([#43](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/43))
 * *fix:* surround average rate (**--average-rate**) with brackets rather than square brackets
 * *fix:* correct a memory leak in **--watchfd PID**
 * *fix:* make **--direct-io** work correctly with **--output** instead of assuming stdout
@@ -77,44 +162,44 @@

 ### 1.8.14 - 7 September 2024

- * *fix:* correct double-free on exit when using **--watchfd** ([#96](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/96)) reported by [jettero](https://codeberg.org/jettero)
+ * *fix:* correct double-free on exit when using **--watchfd** ([#96](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/96)) reported by [jettero](https://codeberg.org/jettero)

 ### 1.8.13 - 18 August 2024

- * *feature:* when using **--size @FILE**, *FILE* can be a block device, and its size will be used (pull request [#94](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pulls/94)) supplied by [alexanderperlis](https://codeberg.org/alexanderperlis)
+ * *feature:* when using **--size @FILE**, *FILE* can be a block device, and its size will be used (pull request [#94](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/94)) supplied by [alexanderperlis](https://codeberg.org/alexanderperlis)

 ### 1.8.12 - 18 July 2024

- * *fix:* correct the detection of output block device size that was broken in 1.8.10 ([#91](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/91))
- * *fix:* do not treat a zero/interrupted write as an end of file (pull requests [#92](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pulls/92) and [#93](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pulls/93))
+ * *fix:* correct the detection of output block device size that was broken in 1.8.10 ([#91](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/91))
+ * *fix:* do not treat a zero/interrupted write as an end of file (pull requests [#92](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/92) and [#93](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/93))

 ### 1.8.10 - 15 June 2024

- * *feature:* new **--output** option to write to a file instead of standard output (pull request [#90](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pulls/90)) supplied by [xmort](https://codeberg.org/xmort)
+ * *feature:* new **--output** option to write to a file instead of standard output (pull request [#90](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/90)) supplied by [xmort](https://codeberg.org/xmort)

 ### 1.8.9 - 21 April 2024

- * *feature:* new **--si** option to display and interpret size suffixes in multiples of 1000 rather than 1024 (pull request [#85](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pulls/85)) supplied by [kevinruddy](https://codeberg.org/kevinruddy)
- * *fix:* continue producing progress output when the output is blocking writes ([#34](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/34), [#86](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/86), [#87](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/87))
- * *fix:* honour the *TMPDIR* / *TMP* environment variables again, rather than hard-coding "`/tmp`", when using a terminal lock file (originally removed in 1.8.0) ([#88](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/88))
- * *i18n:* corrections and missing strings added to French translations (pull request [#83](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pulls/83)) supplied by [Thomas Bertels](https://codeberg.org/tbertels)
+ * *feature:* new **--si** option to display and interpret size suffixes in multiples of 1000 rather than 1024 (pull request [#85](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/85)) supplied by [kevinruddy](https://codeberg.org/kevinruddy)
+ * *fix:* continue producing progress output when the output is blocking writes ([#34](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/34), [#86](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/86), [#87](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/87))
+ * *fix:* honour the *TMPDIR* / *TMP* environment variables again, rather than hard-coding "`/tmp`", when using a terminal lock file (originally removed in 1.8.0) ([#88](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/88))
+ * *i18n:* corrections and missing strings added to French translations (pull request [#83](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/83)) supplied by [Thomas Bertels](https://codeberg.org/tbertels)

 ### 1.8.5 - 19 November 2023

- * *fix:* corrected percentage formatting so it doesn't jump from 2 to 3 characters wide at 100% ([#80](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/80))
+ * *fix:* corrected percentage formatting so it doesn't jump from 2 to 3 characters wide at 100% ([#80](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/80))
 * *fix:* replaced **--remote** mechanism, using a temporary file instead of SysV IPC, so it can work reliably even when there are multiple PV instances
 * *fix:* corrected compilation failure when without IPC support
- * *security:* addressed all issues highlighted by the software auditing tools "`splint`" and "`flawfinder`" (see "`make analyse`") ([#77](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/77))
+ * *security:* addressed all issues highlighted by the software auditing tools "`splint`" and "`flawfinder`" (see "`make analyse`") ([#77](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/77))
 * *cleanup:* compilation warnings fixed on non-IPC and MacOS systems

 ### 1.8.0 - 24 September 2023

 #### Features

- * *feature:* new **--discard** option to discard input as if writing to */dev/null* ([#42](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/42))
- * *feature:* new **--error-skip-block** option to make **--skip-errors** skip whole blocks ([#37](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/37))
- * *feature:* use `posix_fadvise()` like `cat`(1) does, to improve efficiency ([#39](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/39))
- * *feature:* new **--enable-static** option to "`configure`" for static builds ([#75](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pull/75))
+ * *feature:* new **--discard** option to discard input as if writing to */dev/null* ([#42](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/42))
+ * *feature:* new **--error-skip-block** option to make **--skip-errors** skip whole blocks ([#37](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/37))
+ * *feature:* use `posix_fadvise()` like `cat`(1) does, to improve efficiency ([#39](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/39))
+ * *feature:* new **--enable-static** option to "`configure`" for static builds ([#75](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/75))

 #### Security

@@ -126,10 +211,10 @@

 * *fix:* only report errors about missing files when starting to transfer from them, not while calculating size, and behave more like `cat`(1) by skipping them and moving on
 * *fix:* auto-calculate total line count with **--line-mode** when all inputs are regular files
- * *fix:* use `clock_gettime()` in ETA calculation to cope with machine suspend/resume ([#13](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/13))
- * *fix:* if **--width** or **--height** were provided, do not change them when the window size changes ([#36](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/36))
- * *fix:* when a file descriptor position in **--watchfd** moves backwards, show the rate using the correct prefix ([#41](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/41))
- * *fix:* rewrite terminal state save/restore so state is not intermittently garbled on exit when using **--cursor** ([#20](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/20)), ([#24](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/24))
+ * *fix:* use `clock_gettime()` in ETA calculation to cope with machine suspend/resume ([#13](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/13))
+ * *fix:* if **--width** or **--height** were provided, do not change them when the window size changes ([#36](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/36))
+ * *fix:* when a file descriptor position in **--watchfd** moves backwards, show the rate using the correct prefix ([#41](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/41))
+ * *fix:* rewrite terminal state save/restore so state is not intermittently garbled on exit when using **--cursor** ([#20](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/20)), ([#24](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/24))

 #### Cleanups

@@ -138,8 +223,8 @@
 * *cleanup:* replaced the test harness with the one native to GNU Automake
 * *cleanup:* added a test for terminal width detection to "`make check`"
 * *cleanup:* added a test to "`make check`" to ensure that "`make install`" installs everything expected
- * *cleanup:* replaced *AC_HEADER_TIOCGWINSZ* with *AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/ioctl.h)* for better MacOS compatibility ([#74](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/74))
- * *cleanup:* with **--sync**, call `fsync()` instead of `fdatasync()` on incapable systems ([#73](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/73))
+ * *cleanup:* replaced *AC_HEADER_TIOCGWINSZ* with *AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/ioctl.h)* for better MacOS compatibility ([#74](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/74))
+ * *cleanup:* with **--sync**, call `fsync()` instead of `fdatasync()` on incapable systems ([#73](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/73))
 * *cleanup:* the manual is now a static file instead of needing to be built with "`configure`"

 #### Dropped items
@@ -155,7 +240,7 @@

 ### 1.7.24 - 30 July 2023

- * *fix:* correct terminal size detection, broken in 1.7.17 by the configuration script rewrite ([#72](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/72))
+ * *fix:* correct terminal size detection, broken in 1.7.17 by the configuration script rewrite ([#72](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/72))
 * *security:* removed *DEBUG* environment variable in debug mode, added **--debug** instead
 * *cleanup:* added "`make analyse`" to run "`splint`" and "`flawfinder`" on all source files
 * *cleanup:* corrected detection of boolean capability
@@ -168,8 +253,8 @@

 ### 1.7.17 - 27 July 2023

- * *feature:* new **--sync** option to flush cache to disk after every write (related to [#6](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/6), to improve accuracy when writing to slow disks)
- * *feature:* new **--direct-io** option to bypass cache - implements [#29 "Option to enable O_DIRECT"](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/29) - requested by Romain Kang, Jacek Wielemborek
+ * *feature:* new **--sync** option to flush cache to disk after every write (related to [#6](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/6), to improve accuracy when writing to slow disks)
+ * *feature:* new **--direct-io** option to bypass cache - implements [#29 "Option to enable O_DIRECT"](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/29) - requested by Romain Kang, Jacek Wielemborek
 * *fix:* correct byte prefix size to 2 spaces in rate display, so progress display size remains constant at low transfer rates
 * *cleanup:* rewrote `configure.in` as per suggestions in newer "`autoconf`" manuals
 * *cleanup:* replaced `header.in` with one generated by "`autoheader`", moving custom logic to a separate header file "`config-aux.h`"
@@ -189,18 +274,18 @@
 ### 1.7.0 - 17 July 2023

 * *dropped:* support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux and its derivatives has been dropped; removed the RPM spec file, and will no longer build binaries
- * *feature:* the **--size** option now accepts "`@filename`" to use the size of another file (pull request [#57](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pull/57) supplied by [Dave Beckett](https://github.com/dajobe))
- * *feature:* the **--watchfd** option is now available on OS X (pull request [#60](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pull/60) supplied by [christoph-zededa](https://github.com/christoph-zededa))
- * *feature:* new **--bits** option to show bit count instead of byte count (adapted from pull request [#63](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pull/63) supplied by [Nick Black](https://nick-black.com))
- * *feature:* new **--average-rate-window** option, to set the window over which the average rate is calculated, also used for ETA (modified from pull request [#65](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pull/65) supplied by [lemonsqueeze](https://github.com/lemonsqueeze))
- * *feature:* the **--watchfd** option will now show relative filenames, if they are under the current directory (pull request [#66](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pull/66) supplied by [ikasty](https://github.com/ikasty))
- * *fix:* correction to `pv_in_foreground()` to behave as its comment block says it should, when not on a terminal - corrects [#19 "No output in Arch Linux initcpio after 1.6.6"](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/19), [#31 "No output written from inside zsh <() construct"](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/31), [#55 "pv Stopped Working in the Background"](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/55) (pull request [#64](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pull/64) supplied by [Michael Weiß](https://github.com/quitschbo))
- * *fix:* workaround for OS X 11 behaviour in configure script regarding stat64 at compile time (pull request [#57](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pull/57) supplied by [Dave Beckett](https://github.com/dajobe))
- * *fix:* workaround for macOS equivalence of stat to stat64 - patches from [Filippo Valsorda](https://github.com/FiloSottile) and [Demitri Muna](https://github.com/demitri), correcting [#33 "Fix compilation problems due to `stat64()` on Apple Silicon"](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/33)
- * *fix:* add burst rate limit to transfer, so rate limits are not broken by bursty traffic (pull request [#62](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/pull/62) supplied by [Volodymyr Bychkovyak](https://github.com/vbychkoviak))
- * *fix:* corrected **--force** option so it will still output progress when not in the same process group as the owner of the terminal - corrects [#23 "No output with "-f" when run in background after 1.6.6"](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/23) and helps to correct [#31 "No output written from inside zsh <() construct"](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/31)
- * *fix:* corrected elapsed time display to show as D:HH:MM:SS after 1 day, like the ETA does - corrects [#16 "Show days in same format in ETA as in elapsed time"](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/16)
- * *fix:* corrected bug where percentages went down after 100% when in **--numeric** mode with a **--size** that was too small - corrects [#26 "Correct "-n" behaviour when going past 100% of "-s" size"](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/26)
+ * *feature:* the **--size** option now accepts "`@filename`" to use the size of another file (pull request [#57](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/57) supplied by [Dave Beckett](https://github.com/dajobe))
+ * *feature:* the **--watchfd** option is now available on OS X (pull request [#60](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/60) supplied by [christoph-zededa](https://github.com/christoph-zededa))
+ * *feature:* new **--bits** option to show bit count instead of byte count (adapted from pull request [#63](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/63) supplied by [Nick Black](https://nick-black.com))
+ * *feature:* new **--average-rate-window** option, to set the window over which the average rate is calculated, also used for ETA (modified from pull request [#65](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/65) supplied by [lemonsqueeze](https://github.com/lemonsqueeze))
+ * *feature:* the **--watchfd** option will now show relative filenames, if they are under the current directory (pull request [#66](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/66) supplied by [ikasty](https://github.com/ikasty))
+ * *fix:* correction to `pv_in_foreground()` to behave as its comment block says it should, when not on a terminal - corrects [#19 "No output in Arch Linux initcpio after 1.6.6"](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/19), [#31 "No output written from inside zsh <() construct"](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/31), [#55 "pv Stopped Working in the Background"](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/55) (pull request [#64](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/64) supplied by [Michael Weiß](https://github.com/quitschbo))
+ * *fix:* workaround for OS X 11 behaviour in configure script regarding stat64 at compile time (pull request [#57](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/57) supplied by [Dave Beckett](https://github.com/dajobe))
+ * *fix:* workaround for macOS equivalence of stat to stat64 - patches from [Filippo Valsorda](https://github.com/FiloSottile) and [Demitri Muna](https://github.com/demitri), correcting [#33 "Fix compilation problems due to `stat64()` on Apple Silicon"](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/33)
+ * *fix:* add burst rate limit to transfer, so rate limits are not broken by bursty traffic (pull request [#62](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/pulls/62) supplied by [Volodymyr Bychkovyak](https://github.com/vbychkoviak))
+ * *fix:* corrected **--force** option so it will still output progress when not in the same process group as the owner of the terminal - corrects [#23 "No output with "-f" when run in background after 1.6.6"](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/23) and helps to correct [#31 "No output written from inside zsh <() construct"](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/31)
+ * *fix:* corrected elapsed time display to show as D:HH:MM:SS after 1 day, like the ETA does - corrects [#16 "Show days in same format in ETA as in elapsed time"](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/16)
+ * *fix:* corrected bug where percentages went down after 100% when in **--numeric** mode with a **--size** that was too small - corrects [#26 "Correct "-n" behaviour when going past 100% of "-s" size"](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/26)
 * *i18n:* recoded Polish translation file to UTF-8
 * *i18n:* removed inaccurate fuzzy translation matches
 * *docs:* moved all open issues into GitHub and updated the TODO list
@@ -278,7 +363,7 @@ Full changelog is below:

 * allow **--watchfd** to look at block devices
 * let **--watchfd PID:FD** work with **--size N**
- * moved contributors out of the manual as the list was too long (NB everyone is still listed in the README and always will be)
+ * moved contributors out of the manual as the list was too long (NB everyone is still listed in the package documentation and always will be)

 ### 1.5.1 - 23 January 2014

@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Benchmark transfer rates, and analyse benchmark results.
+#
+# Measures transfer rates and CPU usage with various different options,
+# multiple times, then calculates the mean and standard deviation for each
+# set of measurements.
+#
+# The results are written to stdout as tab-separated values, each line
+# prefixed with an opaque system ID (based on "uname -a"), the PV version
+# expressed as an integer, and a run ID based on the start date and time.
+#
+# In analysis mode, reads results from multiple benchmark runs on standard
+# input, and for each type of measurement, show the differences between
+# either the different PV versions or the different runs.
+
+# Defaults.
+pv='pv'			# PV executable to run the measurements with
+rounds='10'		# how many rounds of measurements to take
+testFileMB='256'	# max size of each of the test files, in MiB
+testZeroesMB='1024'	# amount of /dev/zero data to use, in MiB
+sourcesDir=''		# directory containing sources to benchmark
+compareWhat='auto'	# what to compare in the analysis
+finalLineOnly='false'	# whether to only show the last measurement's analysis
+terseFormat='false'	# whether to use a terse report format
+
+# Script information for --help and --version.
+programName='benchmark-pv-transfers'
+programVersion='1.0.0'
+bugReportsTo='https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues'
+copyrightYear='2026'
+copyrightHolder='Andrew Wood'
+
+# Constants.
+fieldsPerRecord='4'	# measurements taken: rate, time - real, user, sys.
+
+# Hash function - write hex on stdout based on a hash of stdin.
+runHash () {
+	command -v md5sum >/dev/null 2>&1 && exec md5sum
+	# OpenBSD has no "md5sum" but does have "cksum -a md5".
+	cksum -r -a md5 2>/dev/null || cksum
+}
+
+# Define the measurements. Each measurement definition contains:
+#  - The ID of the measurement
+#  - The name of the measurement
+#  - A space-separated list of single-letter options that PV must support
+#  - How many testFileMB multiples are transferred, or Z for testZeroesMB
+#  - The command to run
+# In the command to run, {PV} is replaced with the path to PV, {FILE1} and
+# {FILE2} are replaced by the random data filenames, {ZSIZE} is replaced by
+# testZeroesMB, and {OUTPUT} is replaced by a temporary output filename.
+# Each definition is stored as single line, with the above parts separated
+# by "!".
+measurementDefinitions=''
+# Add a definition (name, options list, data size, command) to the
+# definitions array.
+addDefinition () {
+	measurementDefinitions="$(
+	  printf '%s\n%s!%s!%s!%s!%s\n' \
+	    "${measurementDefinitions}" \
+	    "$(printf '%s\n' "$1" | runHash | cut -b1-7)" \
+	    "$1" "$2" "$3" "$4" \
+	  | grep .
+	)"
+}
+# Add a set of standard definitions for measurements, naming them with a
+# prefix "$1: ", each with extra options "$2".
+addStandardMeasurements () {
+	# From file via stdin to file via stdout.
+	addDefinition "$1: stdin file to file" "$2" 1 "{PV} $2 < {FILE1} > {OUTPUT}"
+	# From file to file via stdout.
+	addDefinition "$1: file to file" "$2" 1 "{PV} $2 {FILE1} > {OUTPUT}"
+	# From two files to file via stdout.
+	addDefinition "$1: two files to file" "$2" 2 "{PV} $2 {FILE1} {FILE2} > {OUTPUT}"
+	# From pipe to file via stdout.
+	addDefinition "$1: pipe to file" "$2" 1 "cat {FILE1} | {PV} $2 > {OUTPUT}"
+	# From file via stdin to pipe.
+	addDefinition "$1: stdin file to pipe" "$2" 1 "{PV} $2 < {FILE1} | cat > {OUTPUT}"
+	# From file to pipe.
+	addDefinition "$1: file to pipe" "$2" 1 "{PV} $2 {FILE1} | cat > {OUTPUT}"
+	# From two files to pipe.
+	addDefinition "$1: two files to pipe" "$2" 2 "{PV} $2 {FILE1} {FILE2} | cat > {OUTPUT}"
+	# From pipe to pipe.
+	addDefinition "$1: pipe to pipe" "$2" 1 "cat {FILE1} | {PV} $2 | cat > {OUTPUT}"
+}
+# Generate the measurement definitions, most of which are based on repeated
+# blocks of the above standard measurements, with various different options.
+defineMeasurements () {
+	addStandardMeasurements 'Default' ''
+	addStandardMeasurements 'No-splice' '-C'
+	addStandardMeasurements 'Pipe buffer 1M' '-J 1M'
+	addStandardMeasurements 'Transfer buffer 1M' '-B 1M'
+
+	addStandardMeasurements 'Discard' '-X'
+	addStandardMeasurements 'Discard with no-splice' '-X -C'
+	addStandardMeasurements 'Discard with pipe buffer 1M' '-X -J 1M'
+	addStandardMeasurements 'Discard with transfer buffer 1M' '-X -B 1M'
+
+	addDefinition "Zeroes: stdout to /dev/null" '-S -s' Z "{PV} -S -s {ZSIZE}M /dev/zero > /dev/null"
+	addDefinition "Zeroes: stdout to pipe"  '-S -s' Z "{PV} -S -s {ZSIZE}M /dev/zero | cat > /dev/null"
+	addDefinition "Zeroes: discarded" '-X -S -s' Z "{PV} -X -S -s {ZSIZE}M /dev/zero"
+	addDefinition "Zeroes: stdout to /dev/null with no-splice" '-C -S -s' Z "{PV} -C -S -s {ZSIZE}M /dev/zero > /dev/null"
+	addDefinition "Zeroes: stdout to pipe with no-splice" '-C -S -s' Z "{PV} -C -S -s {ZSIZE}M /dev/zero | cat > /dev/null"
+	addDefinition "Zeroes: discarded with no-splice" '-C -X -S -s' Z "{PV} -C -X -S -s {ZSIZE}M /dev/zero"
+}
+
+# Write an error message $1 to standard error, prefixed with the program
+# name.
+error () {
+	printf '%s: %s\n' "${programName}" "$1" >&2
+}
+
+# Output an error message $1, and exit with a failure status.
+die () {
+	error "$1"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# Show all measurement definitions.
+showMeasurementDefinitions () {
+	printf '%s\n%s\n' 'ID!Name!Opts!Size!Command' "${measurementDefinitions}" \
+	| awk -F '!' '{printf "%s\t%-60s\t%s\n", $1, $2, $5}'
+}
+
+# Sort a list of version numbers on stdin, in version order.
+versionSort () {
+	# If sort has no -V, like on CentOS 5, fall back to a simplistic
+	# substitute.
+	sort -V 2>/dev/null \
+	|| perl -pe '$x=$_;$x=~s/(0*[0-9]+)/sprintf("%09d",$1)/ge;chomp $x;$_=$x." ".$_' | sort | awk '{print $2}'
+}
+
+# Write a line of results for the measurement with ID $1 and name $2, round
+# ${thisRound}, reading the times from ${workDir}/times and deriving the
+# rate from the elapsed time (the real time in the times file) and the size
+# written in ${workDir}/size.  Removes those two files in the process.
+#
+# The results are also spooled to ${workDir}/results for later analysis,
+# prefixed with only the ID $1.
+resultsLine () {
+	testTimeReal="$(awk '$1=="real" {print $2}' "${workDir}/times")"
+	testTimeUser="$(awk '$1=="user" {print $2}' "${workDir}/times")"
+	testTimeSystem="$(awk '$1=="sys" {print $2}' "${workDir}/times")"
+	testRate="$(awk -v t="${testTimeReal}" '{if (t>0) { printf "%.3f\n", $1/t } else { print "-" }}' < "${workDir}/size")"
+	test -n "${testRate}" || testRate='-'
+	rm -f "${workDir}/times" "${workDir}/size"
+	printf '%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n' "${outputPrefix}" "${thisRound}" "$1" "${testRate}" "${testTimeReal}" "${testTimeUser}" "${testTimeSystem}" "$2"
+	printf '%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n' "$1" "${testRate}" "${testTimeReal}" "${testTimeUser}" "${testTimeSystem}" >> "${workDir}/results"
+}
+
+# Run $2 in a shell under "time", writing $1 to ${workDir}/size and the
+# times to ${workDir}/times.
+captureTimes () {
+	printf '%s\n' "$1" > "${workDir}/size"
+	(
+	TIMEFORMAT="real %3R
+user %3U
+sys %3S"
+	time sh -c "{ $2; } 2>&3"
+	) 3>&2 2>"${workDir}/times"
+}
+
+# Run all defined measurements for which the required options are available.
+#
+# If "${workDir}/permitted-measurements" is not empty, only measurements
+# with IDs listed in that file will be taken.
+gatherMeasurements () {
+	printf '%s\n' "${measurementDefinitions}" \
+	| {
+	while read -r definitionLine; do
+		measurementId="${definitionLine%%!*}"
+		measurementName="${definitionLine#*!}"
+		measurementName="${measurementName%%!*}"
+		requiredOptions="${definitionLine#*!}"
+		requiredOptions="${requiredOptions#*!}"
+		requiredOptions="${requiredOptions%%!*}"
+		dataSize="${definitionLine#*!}"
+		dataSize="${dataSize#*!}"
+		dataSize="${dataSize#*!}"
+		dataSize="${dataSize%%!*}"
+		templateCommand="${definitionLine##*!}"
+
+		test -n "${templateCommand}" || continue
+
+		if test -s "${workDir}/permitted-measurements"; then
+			grep -Fqx "${measurementId}" "${workDir}/permitted-measurements" || continue
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "${requiredOptions}"; then
+			optionLetters="$(printf 'x%s\n' "${requiredOptions}" | tr -d '!' | sed 's/-/!-/g' | tr '!' '\n' | grep '^-' | cut -b 2)"
+			optionsPresent='true'
+			for pvOption in ${optionLetters}; do
+				grep -Fq " -${pvOption}" "${workDir}/help" || optionsPresent='false'
+			done
+			${optionsPresent} || continue
+		fi
+
+		# Add some display options to make more information visible
+		# on versions that support them.
+		pvExtraOptions=''
+		pvFormatString='%b %t %r %p %e %T'
+		if grep -Fq " -N" "${workDir}/help"; then
+			pvExtraOptions="${pvExtraOptions} -N '${measurementId}'"
+			pvFormatString="%N ${pvFormatString}"
+		fi
+		grep -Fq " -F" "${workDir}/help" && pvExtraOptions="${pvExtraOptions} -F '${pvFormatString}'"
+
+		activeCommand="$(
+		  printf '%s\n' "${templateCommand}" | sed \
+		    -e "s!{PV}!${pv}${pvExtraOptions}!g" \
+		    -e "s!{FILE1}!${workDir}/file1!g" \
+		    -e "s!{FILE2}!${workDir}/file2!g" \
+		    -e "s!{ZSIZE}!${testZeroesMB}!g" \
+		    -e "s!{OUTPUT}!${workDir}/output!g"
+		)"
+
+		if test "${dataSize}" = "Z"; then
+			dataSize="${testZeroesMB}"
+		else
+			dataSize=$((dataSize*testFileMB))
+		fi
+
+		rm -f "${workDir}/output1" "${workDir}/output2"
+		captureTimes "${dataSize}" "${activeCommand}"
+		resultsLine "${measurementId}" "${measurementName}"
+	done
+	}
+}
+
+# Run several rounds of benchmark measurements using $1 as the pv
+# executable, producing tab-separated data, including a final section
+# containing the means and standard deviations for each measurement type.
+#
+# If $2 is not blank, only run the measurements whose IDs are listed in it.
+runBenchmarks () {
+	pv="$1"
+	restrictTo="$2"
+
+	# Check there's enough room for the test files, meaning that 2 test
+	# files + 1 output file + 2MB doesn't add up to more than 75% of the
+	# space on the filesystem holding TMPDIR - make the test files
+	# smaller, if not.
+	tmpSpaceMB="$(df -kP "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}" | awk 'FNR==2 {print int($4*3/4096)}')"
+	while test "${testFileMB}" -gt 4; do
+		test "${tmpSpaceMB}" -gt $((2+3*testFileMB)) && break
+		testFileMB=$((testFileMB/2))
+	done
+
+	# Capture the help text so that capabilities can be checked.
+	${pv} -h > "${workDir}/help"
+
+	# Write a list of permitted measurement IDs, one per line.  An empty
+	# file means no restriction.
+	# shellcheck disable=SC2020 # silence the warning about "tr" here.
+	printf '%s\n' "${restrictTo}" \
+	| tr ',; \t' '\n\n\n\n' \
+	| sort -u \
+	| grep . \
+	> "${workDir}/permitted-measurements"
+
+	# Define identifiers for the system this is running on, the pv
+	# version being benchmarked, and this specific benchmark run.
+	sysId="$(uname -a | runHash | cut -b1-7)"
+	pvId="$(${pv} --version | awk 'FNR==1{print $2}' | awk -F . '{print 1000000*$1+1000*$2+$3}')"
+	runId="$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S')"
+	outputPrefix="$(printf '%s\t%s\t%s\n' "${sysId}" "${pvId}" "${runId}")"
+
+	# Basic system information, and a header line for the test results.
+	printf '%s\t%s\t%s\n' "${outputPrefix}" 'System hostname' "$(uname -n)"
+	printf '%s\t%s\t%s\n' "${outputPrefix}" 'System load' "$(uptime | awk '{printf "%.2f\n",$(NF-2)}')"
+	printf '%s\t%s\t%s\n' "${outputPrefix}" 'System kernel type' "$(uname -s)"
+	printf '%s\t%s\t%s\n' "${outputPrefix}" 'System kernel release' "$(uname -r)"
+	printf '%s\t%s\t%s\n' "${outputPrefix}" 'System OS' "$(uname -o)"
+	printf '%s\t%s\t%s\n' "${outputPrefix}" 'PV path' "${pv}"
+	printf '%s\t%s\t%s\n' "${outputPrefix}" 'PV version' "$(${pv} -V | awk 'FNR==1 {print $2}')"
+	printf '%s\t%s\t%s\n' "${outputPrefix}" 'Test file size (MB)' "${testFileMB}"
+
+	# Generate two files of random data.
+	dd if='/dev/urandom' of="${workDir}/file1" bs=1048576 count="${testFileMB}" 2>/dev/null
+	dd if='/dev/urandom' of="${workDir}/file2" bs=1048576 count="${testFileMB}" 2>/dev/null
+
+	# Run several rounds of measurements.
+	printf '%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n' "${outputPrefix}" '#' 'ID' 'MiB/sec' 'Real time' 'User CPU time' 'System CPU time' 'Raw measurement'
+	thisRound=0
+	while test ${thisRound} -lt "${rounds}"; do
+		thisRound=$((1+thisRound))
+		gatherMeasurements
+	done
+
+	# For each of the types of measurement, report the mean and standard
+	# deviation of each field.
+	awk -F "\t" '{print $1}' < "${workDir}/results" > "${workDir}/measurement-ids"
+	true > "${workDir}/measurement-ids-used"
+	printf '%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n' "${outputPrefix}" 'μ/σ' 'ID' 'MiB/sec' 'Real time' 'User CPU time' 'System CPU time' 'Aggregated measurement'
+	{
+	while read -r measurementId; do
+		# Skip this type of measurement if already processed.
+		grep -Fqx "${measurementId}" "${workDir}/measurement-ids-used" && continue
+		printf '%s\n' "${measurementId}" >> "${workDir}/measurement-ids-used"
+		# Get the associated measurement name.
+		measurementName="$(printf '%s\n' "${measurementDefinitions}" | awk -F '!' -v "x=${measurementId}" '$1==x{print $2}')"
+		# Separate out this measurement type's results.
+		awk -F "\t" -v "mId=${measurementId}" '$1==mId {print}' < "${workDir}/results" \
+		> "${workDir}/measurements"
+		# Calculate the mean of each field.
+		awk -F "\t" -v "mId=${measurementId}" -v "mName=${measurementName}" -v "fieldcount=${fieldsPerRecord}" \
+'BEGIN { samples=0 }
+{ samples++; for (field=1; field<=fieldcount; field++) { total[field] += $(1+field) } }
+END { printf "%s\t%s", "μ", mId; for (field=1; field<=fieldcount; field++) { printf "\t%.3f", total[field]/samples }; printf "\t%s\n", mName }' \
+		< "${workDir}/measurements" > "${workDir}/mean"
+		# Calculate the standard deviation of each field.
+		cat "${workDir}/mean" "${workDir}/measurements" \
+		| awk -F "\t" -v "mId=${measurementId}" -v "mName=${measurementName}" -v "fieldcount=${fieldsPerRecord}" \
+'BEGIN { samples=0 }
+FNR==1 { for (field=1; field<=fieldcount; field++) { mean[field] += $(2+field) } }
+FNR>1 { samples++; for (field=1; field<=fieldcount; field++) { variance=$(1+field)-mean[field]; sum_variance_squared[field] += (variance*variance) } }
+END { printf "%s\t%s", "σ", mId; for (field=1; field<=fieldcount; field++) { printf "\t%.3f", sqrt(sum_variance_squared[field]/samples) }; printf "\t%s\n", mName }' \
+		> "${workDir}/stddev"
+		sed "s,^,${outputPrefix}!," "${workDir}/mean" "${workDir}/stddev" | tr '!' '\t'
+	done
+	} < "${workDir}/measurement-ids"
+	rm -f "${workDir}/file1" "${workDir}/file2" "${workDir}/output1" "${workDir}/output2"
+}
+
+# Reformat data on stdin so that each (whitespace-separated) column is
+# space-padded and right-aligned to a consistent width for all rows.
+#
+# Note that this can only handle ASCII, not UTF-8.
+lineUpColumns () {
+	tee "${workDir}/lineup-temp" \
+	| awk 'BEGIN {cols=0}
+/./ {
+  if (NF > cols)
+    cols=NF
+  for (col=1; col<=NF; col++) {
+    if (length($col) >= max[col])
+      max[col]=length($col)
+  }
+}
+END {
+  for (col=1; col<=cols; col++) {
+    printf "%d ", max[col]
+  }
+  printf "\n"
+}
+' > "${workDir}/lineup-colwidths"
+	cat "${workDir}/lineup-colwidths" "${workDir}/lineup-temp" \
+	| awk '
+FNR==1 { cols=NF; for (col=1; col<=NF; col++) { max[col]=$col } }
+FNR>1 {
+  for (col=1; col<=cols; col++) {
+    if (col>1)
+      printf " "
+    val=(col<=NF ? $col : "")
+    printf "%" max[col] "s", val
+  }
+  printf "\n"
+}'
+}
+
+# Read a stream of benchmark data on stdin containing runs from a single
+# system, and report how the measurements changed across $1 - either "runs"
+# for benchmark runs, or "versions" for PV versions.
+compareResults () {
+	comparisonSelector="$1"
+	cat > "${workDir}/raw-system-data"
+	# List the measurement IDs in the order they appear in the data.
+	awk -F "\t" '$4=="σ"{print $5}' < "${workDir}/raw-system-data" > "${workDir}/measurement-ids"
+	case "${comparisonSelector}" in
+	'versions')
+		# List all PV versions for which any data is available.
+		awk -F "\t" '$4=="PV version"{print $2,$5}' "${workDir}/raw-system-data" | sort -nu > "${workDir}/comparison-items"
+		itemHeading='Version'
+		itemField=2
+		;;
+	'runs')
+		# List all runs.
+		awk -F "\t" '$4=="σ"{print $3,$3}' "${workDir}/raw-system-data" | sort -nu > "${workDir}/comparison-items"
+		itemHeading='Run'
+		itemField=3
+		;;
+	esac
+	# Report on each measurement type in turn.
+	true > "${workDir}/measurement-ids-seen"
+	{
+	measurementsCounter=0
+	while read -r measurementId; do
+		# Skip if this measurement was already processed.
+		grep -Fqx "${measurementId}" "${workDir}/measurement-ids-seen" && continue
+		printf '%s\n' "${measurementId}" >> "${workDir}/measurement-ids-seen"
+		# Collect this measurement's mean and standard deviation
+		# records for each distinct item (version or run).  If
+		# there's more than one for a single item, average them.
+		{
+		while read -r itemId itemName; do
+			awk -F "\t" \
+			  -v "itemField=${itemField}" -v "itemId=${itemId}" -v "itemName=${itemName}" \
+			  -v "mId=${measurementId}" \
+			  -v "fieldcount=${fieldsPerRecord}" \
+'BEGIN {samples=0}
+$itemField==itemId && $5==mId && $4=="μ" { samples++; for (field=1; field<=fieldcount; field++) { mean[field] += $(5+field) } }
+$itemField==itemId && $5==mId && $4=="σ" { for (field=1; field<=fieldcount; field++) { stddev[field] += $(5+field) } }
+END {
+  if (samples > 0) {
+    printf "%s", itemName
+    for (field=1; field<=fieldcount; field++) {
+      printf "\t%.3f\t%.3f", mean[field]/samples, stddev[field]/samples
+    }
+    printf "\n"
+  }
+}' \
+< "${workDir}/raw-system-data"
+		done
+		} < "${workDir}/comparison-items" > "${workDir}/measurements-per-item"
+		# If there are not at least 2 items for which this
+		# measurement was available, report nothing as no comparison
+		# can be made.
+		test "$(grep -c . "${workDir}/measurements-per-item")" -lt 2 && continue
+		# Show the measurement name and associated command.
+		# Take the measurement name from the input data.
+		measurementName="$(awk -F "\t" -v "mId=${measurementId}" '$4=="σ" && $5==mId {print $NF;exit}' "${workDir}/raw-system-data")"
+		if ! ${terseFormat}; then
+			# Take the command from the definitions.
+			templateCommand="$(printf '%s\n' "${measurementDefinitions}" | awk -F '!' -v "mId=${measurementId}" '$1==mId {print $5}')"
+			printf '\n%s\n' "${measurementName}"
+			test -n "${templateCommand}" && printf ' (%s)\n' "${templateCommand}"
+		fi
+		# Report each item's measurements and how they compare to
+		# the previous item.
+		awk -F "\t" -v "fieldcount=${fieldsPerRecord}" \
+'{
+  printf "%s", $1
+  for (field=0; field<fieldcount; field++) {
+    if (field > 0) {
+      printf "\t%s", "-";
+    }
+    mean=$(2+2*field)
+    stddev=$(3+2*field)
+    changescore=0
+    printf "\t%.3f\t%.3f", mean, stddev;
+    if (FNR>1) {
+      low=mean-stddev;
+      high=mean+stddev;
+      range=high-low;
+      prevlow=pmean[field]-pstddev[field];
+      prevhigh=pmean[field]+pstddev[field];
+      prevrange=prevhigh-prevlow;
+      if (prevrange < 1)
+        prevrange = 1;
+      if (high > prevhigh) {
+        changescore = (high - prevhigh) / prevrange;
+      } else if (low < prevlow) {
+        changescore = 0 - ((prevlow - low) / prevrange);
+      }
+    }
+    if (changescore < 0.01 && changescore > -0.01) {
+      printf "\t%d", 0
+    } else {
+      printf "\t%s%.2f", (changescore > 0.00 ? "+" : ""), changescore
+    }
+    pmean[field]=mean;
+    pstddev[field]=stddev;
+  }
+  printf "\n"
+}' \
+		< "${workDir}/measurements-per-item" \
+		> "${workDir}/item-report"
+		# Leave only the last line if finalLineOnly is set.
+		${finalLineOnly} && sed -i -n '$p' "${workDir}/item-report"
+		# In terse mode, prefix each line with the measurement name,
+		# having replaced spaces in it with underscores.
+		if ${terseFormat}; then
+			showName="$(printf '%s\n' "${measurementName}" | tr ' ' '_')"
+			sed "s,^,${showName}!," < "${workDir}/item-report" | tr '!' '\t' > "${workDir}/item-report.prefixed"
+			mv -f "${workDir}/item-report.prefixed" "${workDir}/item-report"
+		fi
+		# Format the report.
+		# Since the column widths are set by an awk script which
+		# doesn't support UTF-8, ASCII headings are used initially,
+		# and adjusted after formatting.
+		measurementsCounter=$((1+measurementsCounter))
+		{
+		# In terse mode, only print one header per system.
+		if test ${measurementsCounter} -eq 1 || ! ${terseFormat}; then
+			printf '%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n' \
+			  "${itemHeading}" \
+			  'M:Rate' 'S:Rate' 'C:Rate' \
+			  '-' \
+			  'M:tReal' 'S:tReal' 'C:tReal' \
+			  '-' \
+			  'M:tUser' 'S:tUser' 'C:tUser' \
+			  '-' \
+			  'M:tSys' 'S:tSys' 'C:tSys' \
+			| {
+				if ${terseFormat}; then
+					sed 's,^,Measurement!,' | tr '!' '\t'
+				else
+					cat
+				fi
+			}
+		fi
+		cat "${workDir}/item-report"
+		} \
+		> "${workDir}/item-report-with-heading"
+		if ${terseFormat}; then
+			cat "${workDir}/item-report-with-heading"
+		else
+			lineUpColumns < "${workDir}/item-report-with-heading" \
+			| sed '1{s,M:,μ:,g;s,S:,σ:,g;s,C:,±:,g;}'
+		fi
+	done
+	} < "${workDir}/measurement-ids" \
+	> "${workDir}/measurements-report"
+	if "${terseFormat}"; then
+		lineUpColumns < "${workDir}/measurements-report" \
+		| sed '1{s,M:,μ:,g;s,S:,σ:,g;s,C:,±:,g;}'
+	else
+		cat "${workDir}/measurements-report"
+	fi
+}
+
+# Read a stream of benchmark data from stdin containing one or more runs
+# from one or more systems, and for each individual system, report how the
+# measurements changed across either the different PV versions or between
+# runs, depending on whether $1 is "versions" or "runs".
+#
+# If $1 is "auto", then it will be "versions" if data for more than one PV
+# version is present, otherwise it will be "runs".
+runAnalysis () {
+	analysisSelector="$1"
+	cat > "${workDir}/raw-data"
+	# Auto-detect what to analyse.
+	if test "${analysisSelector}" = 'auto'; then
+		if test "$(awk -F "\t" '$4=="σ"{print $2}' < "${workDir}/raw-data" | sort -u | grep -c .)" -gt 1; then
+			analysisSelector='versions'
+		else
+			analysisSelector='runs'
+		fi
+	fi
+	# List the system IDs in the order they appear in the data.
+	awk -F "\t" '{print $1}' < "${workDir}/raw-data" | uniq > "${workDir}/sysids"
+	# Report on each system in turn.
+	true > "${workDir}/sysids-seen"
+	{
+	while read -r sysId; do
+		# Skip if this system was already processed.
+		grep -Fqx "${sysId}" "${workDir}/sysids-seen" && continue
+		printf '%s\n' "${sysId}" >> "${workDir}/sysids-seen"
+		# Extract the data for just this system.
+		awk -F "\t" -v "s=${sysId}" '$1==s {print}' < "${workDir}/raw-data" > "${workDir}/system-data"
+		# Report preamble.
+		printf '%79s\n' '' | tr ' ' '-'
+		printf '%s: %s - %s - %s %s\n' \
+		  'System' \
+		  "$(awk -F "\t" '$4=="System hostname"{print $5;exit}' "${workDir}/system-data")" \
+		  "$(awk -F "\t" '$4=="System OS"{print $5;exit}' "${workDir}/system-data")" \
+		  "$(awk -F "\t" '$4=="System kernel type"{print $5;exit}' "${workDir}/system-data")" \
+		  "$(awk -F "\t" '$4=="System kernel release"{print $5;exit}' "${workDir}/system-data")"
+		${terseFormat} || cat <<EOF
+
+For each measurement type, each of its aggregate benchmark results are
+shown.  Each field's mean and standard deviation are displayed along with a
+change indicator showing how different this line's value is from the
+previous line.
+EOF
+		compareResults "${analysisSelector}" < "${workDir}/system-data"
+	done
+	} < "${workDir}/sysids"
+}
+
+##############################################################################
+# Main entry point.
+
+# Process any command-line options.
+action='benchmark'
+restrictMeasurementIdList=''
+while test -n "$1"; do
+	arg="$1"
+	shift
+	case "${arg}" in
+	'measurements'|'benchmark'|'analyse') action="${arg}" ;;
+	'-h'|'--help')
+		cat - <<EOF
+Usage: ${programName} [OPTIONS] [ACTION]
+Benchmark pv transfers - take measurements of transfer rate and CPU usage
+when calling pv in various different ways, and analyse results from multiple
+benchmark runs to show how each measurement changes between runs or versions.
+
+Actions:
+  benchmark    - take several rounds of measurements (default action)
+  analyse      - analyse benchmark data on stdin from multiple runs
+  measurements - list all benchmark measurement definitions
+
+Benchmark options:
+  -p, --program FILE    benchmark using FILE as the pv executable (${pv})
+  -r, --rounds ROUNDS   run ROUNDS sets of measurements (${rounds})
+  -m, --measurement ID  only run this specific measurement
+  -s, --size SIZE       attempt to use a test file of SIZE MiB (${testFileMB})
+  -z, --zeroes SIZE     stop at SIZE MiB for /dev/zero measurements (${testZeroesMB})
+  -d, --dir DIR         compile and benchmark each of the tar.gz files in DIR
+
+Analysis options:
+  -c, --compare WHAT    analyse differences in runs, versions, or auto (${compareWhat})
+  -f, --final           show only the final item's line in each measurement analysis
+  -t, --terse           produce a terser report
+
+Other options:
+  -h, --help            show this help
+  -V, --version         show script version
+
+Default values are shown in brackets.
+
+Please report any bugs to: ${bugReportsTo}
+EOF
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	'-V'|'--version')
+		cat - <<EOF
+${programName} (pv) ${programVersion}
+Copyright ${copyrightYear} ${copyrightHolder}
+License: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+EOF
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	'-p'|'--program'|'--pv') pv="$1"; test $# -gt 0 && shift ;;
+	'--program='*|'--pv='*) pv="${arg#*=}" ;;
+	'-r'|'--rounds') rounds="$1"; test $# -gt 0 && shift ;;
+	'--rounds='*) rounds="${arg#*=}" ;;
+	'-m'|'--measurement') restrictMeasurementIdList="${restrictMeasurementIdList} $1"; test $# -gt 0 && shift ;;
+	'--measurement='*) restrictMeasurementIdList="${restrictMeasurementIdList} ${arg#*=}" ;;
+	'-s'|'--size') testFileMB="$1"; test $# -gt 0 && shift ;;
+	'--size='*) testFileMB="${arg#*=}" ;;
+	'-z'|'--zeroes') testZeroesMB="$1"; test $# -gt 0 && shift ;;
+	'--zeroes='*) testZeroesMB="${arg#*=}" ;;
+	'-d'|'--dir') sourcesDir="$1"; test $# -gt 0 && shift ;;
+	'--dir='*) sourcesDir="${arg#*=}" ;;
+	'-c'|'--compare') compareWhat="$1"; test $# -gt 0 && shift ;;
+	'--compare='*) compareWhat="${arg#*=}" ;;
+	'-f'|'--final') finalLineOnly='true' ;;
+	'-t'|'--terse') terseFormat='true' ;;
+	'-'*) die "${arg}: unknown option - try \`--help'" ;;
+	*) die "${arg}: unexpected argument - try \`--help'" ;;
+	esac
+done
+
+# Check validity of compareWhat, and normalise it.
+case "${compareWhat}" in
+'runs'|'run') compareWhat='runs' ;;
+'versions'|'version') compareWhat='versions' ;;
+'auto') ;;
+*) die "--compare: ${compareWhat}: invalid value" ;;
+esac
+
+# Use /dev/shm for workspace if possible, to eliminate disk I/O as a factor.
+if test -z "${TMPDIR}" && test -d '/dev/shm' && mountpoint -q '/dev/shm'; then
+	TMPDIR='/dev/shm'
+	export TMPDIR
+fi
+
+# Temporary working area, cleaned up on exit.
+workDir="$(mktemp -d)" || exit 1
+trap 'rm -rf "${workDir}"' EXIT
+
+# Set everything to the "C" locale.
+LANG=C
+LC_ALL=C
+export LANG LC_ALL
+
+# Define the measurements.
+defineMeasurements
+
+# Run the selected action.
+case "${action}" in
+'measurements') showMeasurementDefinitions ;;
+'benchmark')
+	if test -z "${sourcesDir}"; then
+		runBenchmarks "${pv}" "${restrictMeasurementIdList}"
+	else
+		find "${sourcesDir}" -type f -name "*.tar.gz" \
+		| versionSort \
+		| while read -r sourcesFile; do
+			buildDir="$(mktemp -d "${sourcesFile}.build.XXXXXX")" || continue
+			trap 'rm -rf "${workDir}" "${buildDir}"' EXIT
+			tar xzf "${sourcesFile}" -C "${buildDir}" \
+			&& (
+			cd "${buildDir}"/* \
+			&& sh ./configure 1>&2 \
+			&& make 1>&2 \
+			&& mv pv ..
+			) \
+			&& runBenchmarks "${buildDir}/pv" "${restrictMeasurementIdList}"
+			rm -rf "${buildDir}"
+			trap 'rm -rf "${workDir}"' EXIT
+		done
+	fi
+	;;
+'analyse') runAnalysis "${compareWhat}" ;;
+esac
@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Usage: sh build-package.sh source-1.2.3.tar.gz
-#
-# Given a tar.gz, build a package for the current OS.
-#
-# Supports these packaging types:
-#
-#   .deb (Debian, Ubuntu, etc) - requires dpkg-dev, debhelper
-#   .rpm (AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux, OpenSUSE etc) - requires rpmbuild
-#
-# If the MAINTAINER environment variable is set, this is used as a GPG key
-# ID for package signing.
-#
-# The packages built with this script are not "official", in that they are
-# not part of any Linux distribution and may not follow the distribution's
-# policies.  Use at your own risk.
-#
-# Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
-# License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
-
-sourceArchive="$1"
-test -n "${sourceArchive}" && test -f "${sourceArchive}" \
-|| { printf "%s: %s: %s\n" "${0##*/}" "${sourceArchive}" "source archive not found" 1>&2; exit 1; }
-
-packageName="pv"
-packageSummary="Shell pipeline element to meter data passing through"
-packageDescription="\
-pv (Pipe Viewer) can be inserted into any normal pipeline between two
-processes to give a visual indication of how quickly data is passing
-through, how long it has taken, how near to completion it is, and an
-estimate of how long it will be until completion."
-packageUrl="https://www.ivarch.com/programs/pv.shtml"
-sourceUrl="https://www.ivarch.com/programs/sources/${packageName}-%{version}.tar.gz"
-packageEmail="Andrew Wood <pv@ivarch.com>"
-
-workDir="$(mktemp -d)" || exit 1
-trap 'rm -rf "${workDir}"' EXIT
-
-# Infer the version from the most recent NEWS entry.
-version="$(tar xzf "${sourceArchive}" --wildcards -O '*/docs/NEWS.md' 2>/dev/null | awk '/^### [0-9]/{print $2}' | sed -n 1p)"
-
-if command -v rpmbuild >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-	# Build an RPM.
-	cat > "${workDir}"/spec <<EOF
-Summary: ${packageSummary}
-Name: ${packageName}
-Version: ${version}
-Release: 1%{?dist}
-License: GPLv3+
-Source: ${sourceUrl}
-Url: ${packageUrl}
-
-%description
-${packageDescription}
-
-%prep
-%setup -q
-
-%build
-%configure
-make %{?_smp_mflags}
-
-%install
-test -n "\${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}" && test "\${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}" != '/' && rm -rf "\${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}"
-make install DESTDIR="\${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}"
-rm -rf "\${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}/usr/share/doc"
-%find_lang %{name}
-
-%check
-make check SKIP_VALGRIND_TESTS=1
-
-%clean
-test -n "\${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}" && test "\${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}" != '/' && rm -rf "\${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}"
-
-%files -f %{name}.lang
-%defattr(-, root, root)
-%{_bindir}/*
-%{_mandir}/man1/*
-
-%doc README.md docs/NEWS.md docs/ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.md docs/COPYING
-
-%changelog
-* $(date '+%a %b %d %Y') ${packageEmail} - ${version}-1
- Package built from main source.
-EOF
-	mkdir "${workDir}/SOURCES"
-	cp "${sourceArchive}" "${workDir}/SOURCES/${packageName}-${version}.tar.gz"
-	rpmbuild -D "%_topdir ${workDir}" -bb "${workDir}/spec" || exit 1
-	if test -n "${MAINTAINER}"; then
-		# Sign the RPMs.
-		rpm -D "%_gpg_name ${MAINTAINER}" --addsign "${workDir}/RPMS"/*/*.rpm || exit 1
-	fi
-	cp -v "${workDir}/RPMS"/*/*.rpm .
-fi
-
-if command -v dpkg-buildpackage >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-	# Build a Debian package.
-	mkdir "${workDir}/build" "${workDir}/build/debian" "${workDir}/build/debian/source"
-
-	tar xzf "${sourceArchive}" -C "${workDir}/build" --strip-components=1
-
-	printf "%s\n" "10" > "${workDir}/build/debian/compat"
-	touch "${workDir}/build/debian/copyright"
-	printf "%s\n" "3.0 (quilt)" > "${workDir}/build/debian/source/format"
-
-	cat > "${workDir}/build/debian/rules" <<EOF
-#!/usr/bin/make -f
-export DH_VERBOSE = 1
-export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
-export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
-export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed
-
-%:
-	dh \$@
-EOF
-	chmod 700 "${workDir}/build/debian/rules"
-
-	cat > "${workDir}/build/debian/control" <<EOF
-Source: ${packageName}
-Maintainer: ${packageEmail}
-Section: misc
-Priority: optional
-Standards-Version: 3.9.2
-Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9)
-
-Package: ${packageName}
-Architecture: any
-Depends: \${misc:Depends}
-Description: ${packageSummary}
-$(printf "%s\n.\n" "${packageDescription}" | sed 's,^, ,')
-EOF
-
-	cat > "${workDir}/build/debian/changelog" <<EOF
-${packageName} (${version}-1) UNRELEASED; urgency=low
-
-  * Package built from main source.
-
- -- ${packageEmail}  $(date -R)
-EOF
-
-	if test -n "${MAINTAINER}"; then
-		(cd "${workDir}/build" && dpkg-buildpackage --build=binary --force-sign --sign-key="${MAINTAINER}") || exit 1
-	else
-		(cd "${workDir}/build" && dpkg-buildpackage --build=binary) || exit 1
-	fi
-
-	cp -v "${workDir}"/*.deb . || exit 1
-fi
@@ -1,25 +1,37 @@
-.TH PV 1 2025-01-28 pv-1.9.31 "User Commands"
+.TH PV 1 2026-08-01 pv-1.11.0 "User Commands"
 .\"
 .SH NAME
-pv \- monitor the progress of data through a pipe
+pv \- monitor and manage the progress of data through a pipe
 .\"
 .SH SYNOPSIS
 .B pv
 [\fIOPTION\fR]... [\fIFILE\fR]...
 .PP
-\fBpv\fR \fB\-d\fR|\fB\-\-watchfd\fR \fIPID\fR[:\fIFD\fR] [\fIOPTION\fR]...
+\fBpv\fR [\fIOPTION\fR]... \fB\-d\fR|\fB\-\-watchfd\fR
+\fIPID\fR[:\fIFD\fR]|=\fINAME\fR|@\fILISTFILE\fR...
 .PP
 \fBpv\fR \fB\-R\fR|\fB\-\-remote\fR \fIPID\fR [\fIOPTION\fR]...
+.PP
+\fBpv\fR \fB\-Q\fR|\fB\-\-query\fR \fIPID\fR [\fIOPTION\fR]...
+.PP
+\fBpv\fR [\fIOPTION\fR]... \fB\-M\fR|\fB\-\-monitor\fR \fISIDE\fR \-\- \fICOMMAND\fR [\fIARGS\fR]...
 .\"
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 Show the progress of data through a pipeline by giving information such as
 time elapsed, percentage completed (with progress bar), current throughput
 rate, total data transferred, and ETA.
+The data flow rate, error handling strategy, buffer size, and cache
+interaction can all be adjusted.
 .PP
 Each \fIFILE\fR is copied to standard output.
 With no \fIFILE\fR, or when \fIFILE\fR is \*(lq-\*(rq, standard input is
 read.
-This is the same behaviour as \fBcat\fR(1).
+.PP
+In \*(lq\fB\-\-watchfd\fR\*(rq mode, inspect another process and show its
+progress through the files it has open.
+.PP
+In \*(lq\fB\-\-monitor\fR\*(rq mode, run a command and display the progress
+of data through both its standard input and its standard output.
 .\"
 .SH OPTIONS
 .\"
@@ -114,7 +126,7 @@ for custom output.  The default format string components for
 \*(lq\fB\-\-numeric\fR\*(rq are
 \*(lq\fB%t\~%b\~%r\~%{progress\-amount\-only}\fR\*(rq in that order, each
 item being active or inactive according to the rules above (so the default
-with no other options is \*(lq\fB%{progress\-amount\-only}\fR\*(rq.
+with no other options is \*(lq\fB%{progress\-amount\-only}\fR\*(rq).
 .TP
 .B \-q, \-\-quiet
 No output.
@@ -136,14 +148,13 @@ consistency, specify this option first.
 .B \-W, \-\-wait
 Wait until the first byte has been transferred before showing any progress
 information or calculating any ETAs.
-Useful if the program you are piping to or from requires extra information
-before it starts, such as when piping data into \fBgpg\fR(1) or
-\fBmcrypt\fR(1) which require a passphrase before data can be processed.
+For example, use this option when piping data into tools such as
+\fBgpg\fR(1) or \*(lq\fBmysql\~\-p\fR\*(rq so the count only starts after
+the password prompt has been answered.
 .TP
 .BI \-D\  SEC \fR,\ \fB\-\-delay\-start\  SEC
 Wait until \fISEC\fR seconds have passed before showing any progress
-information, for example in a script where you only want to show a progress
-bar if it starts taking a long time.
+information, so that a transfer that is over quickly won't display anything.
 The value of \fISEC\fR can be a decimal such as \*(lq0.5\*(rq.
 .TP
 .BI \-s\  SIZE \fR,\ \fB\-\-size\  SIZE
@@ -155,7 +166,8 @@ If \*(lq\fB\-\-si\fR\*(rq appears before this option, suffixes will denote
 kilobytes (*1000), megabytes, and so on instead.
 .IP
 If \fISIZE\fR starts with \*(lq\fB@\fR\*(rq, the size of file whose name
-follows the @ will be used.
+follows the @ will be used; if that is a directory, the size of all files
+under it will be used, like \*(lq\fBdu\~\-\-apparent\-size\~\-b\fR\*(rq.
 .TP
 .B \-g, \-\-gauge
 If the progress bar is shown but the size is not known, then instead of
@@ -189,22 +201,21 @@ The default is 30 seconds.
 The value must be an integer.
 .TP
 .BI \-w\  WIDTH \fR,\ \fB\-\-width\  WIDTH
-Assume the terminal is \fIWIDTH\fR columns wide, instead of trying to work
-it out (or assuming 80 if it cannot be guessed).
+Assume the terminal is \fIWIDTH\fR columns wide, instead of autodetecting
+the width (or assuming 80 if detection fails).
 If this option is used, the output width will not be adjusted if the width
 of the terminal changes while the transfer is running.
 .TP
 .BI \-H\  HEIGHT \fR,\ \fB\-\-height\  HEIGHT
-Assume the terminal is \fIHEIGHT\fR rows high, instead of trying to work it
-out (or assuming 25 if it cannot be guessed).
+Assume the terminal is \fIHEIGHT\fR rows high, instead of autodetecting
+the height (or assuming 25 if detection fails).
 If this option is used, the output height will not be adjusted if the height
 of the terminal changes while the transfer is running.
 .TP
 .BI \-N\  NAME \fR,\ \fB\-\-name\  NAME
 Prefix the output information with \fINAME\fR.
-Useful in conjunction with \*(lq\fB\-\-cursor\fR\*(rq if you have a
-complicated pipeline and you want to be able to tell different parts of it
-apart.
+Often used with \*(lq\fB\-\-cursor\fR\*(rq to identify each progress bar in
+a pipeline containing more than one \fBpv\fR.
 .TP
 .BI \-u\  STYLE \fR,\ \fB\-\-bar\-style\  STYLE
 Change the default progress bar style shown by \*(lq\fB\-\-progress\fR\*(rq,
@@ -227,9 +238,16 @@ For example, \*(lq\fB\-x\~'window,process:%t\~%b\~%r'\fR\*(rq will show the
 elapsed time, bytes transferred, and rate, in both the window title and the
 process title.
 .TP
+.B \-9, \-\-conemu
+As well as displaying progress to the terminal, also emit the ConEmu
+"progress bar" sequences (OSC 9;4) to show the progress percentage in the
+terminal's title tab, on terminals which support it.
+This is equivalent to adding \*(lq%{progress\-conemu}\*(rq to the
+\fB\-\-format\fR string.
+.TP
 .B \-v, \-\-stats
 At the end of the transfer, write an additional line showing the transfer
-rate minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation.
+rate minimum, mean, maximum, and standard deviation.
 The values are always in bytes per second (or bits, with
 \*(lq\fB\-\-bits\fR\*(rq).
 .TP
@@ -240,10 +258,20 @@ not a terminal.
 This option forces it to do so.
 .TP
 .B \-c, \-\-cursor
-Use cursor positioning escape sequences instead of just using carriage
-returns.
-This is useful in conjunction with \*(lq\fB\-\-name\fR\*(rq if you are using
-multiple \fBpv\fR invocations in a single pipeline.
+Use cursor positioning escape sequences to move to the initial terminal row
+when updating the display, instead of only using carriage returns.
+This allows multiple \fBpv\fR instances to show progress on the same
+terminal together.
+.IP
+For example:
+.IP
+.in +4
+.EX
+pv --cursor --name input file.gz | gzip -d | pv --cursor --name output > file
+.EE
+.in
+.IP
+As the example shows, this is often used with \*(lq\fB\-\-name\fR\*(rq.
 .\"
 .SS "Data transfer modifiers"
 .TP
@@ -254,6 +282,9 @@ If the file already exists, it will be truncated.
 .BI \-L\  RATE \fR,\ \fB\-\-rate-limit\  RATE
 Limit the transfer to a maximum of \fIRATE\fR bytes per second.
 The same suffixes as \*(lq\fB\-\-size\fR\*(rq can be used.
+Decimal values are allowed.
+Specifying 0 will turn off rate limiting, which is useful with
+\*(lq\fB\-\-remote\fR\*(rq.
 .TP
 .BI \-B\  BYTES \fR,\ \fB\-\-buffer-size\  BYTES
 Use a transfer buffer size of \fIBYTES\fR bytes.
@@ -266,17 +297,34 @@ better with specific buffer sizes such as 1024.
 Implies \*(lq\fB\-\-no\-splice\fR\*(rq.
 .TP
 .B \-C, \-\-no-splice
-Never use \fBsplice\fR(2), even if it would normally be possible.
-The \fBsplice\fR(2) system call is a more efficient way of transferring data
-from or to a pipe than regular \fBread\fR(2) and \fBwrite\fR(2), but means
-that the transfer buffer may not be used.
-This prevents \*(lq\fB\-\-buffer\-percent\fR\*(rq and
-\*(lq\fB\-\-last\-written\fR\*(rq from working, cannot work with
-\*(lq\fB\-\-discard\fR\*(rq, and makes \*(lq\fB\-\-buffer\-size\fR\*(rq
-redundant, so using any of those options automatically switches on
+Prevent the use of \fBsplice\fR(2) and \fBcopy_file_range\fR(2), which are
+normally used on systems that support it to improve efficiency by
+eliminating the need for a transfer buffer.
+.IP
+In the default case that \fBsplice\fR(2) or \fBcopy_file_range\fR(2) are
+used, the lack of a transfer buffer prevents
+\*(lq\fB\-\-buffer\-percent\fR\*(rq and
+\*(lq\fB\-\-last\-written\fR\*(rq from working and makes
+\*(lq\fB\-\-buffer\-size\fR\*(rq redundant, so using any of those options
+automatically switches on \*(lq\fB\-\-no\-splice\fR\*(rq.
+.IP
+Sparse files cannot be written with \fBsplice\fR(2) or
+\fBcopy_file_range\fR(2), so using
+\*(lq\fB\-\-sparse\fR\*(rq automatically switches on
 \*(lq\fB\-\-no\-splice\fR\*(rq.
-Switching on this option results in a small loss of transfer efficiency.
-It has no effect on systems where \fBsplice\fR(2) is unavailable.
+.IP
+Switching on \*(lq\fB\-\-no\-splice\fR\*(rq results in a small loss of
+transfer efficiency.
+It has no effect on systems where \fBsplice\fR(2) and
+\fBcopy_file_range\fR(2) are unavailable.
+.TP
+.BI \-J\  BYTES \fR,\ \fB\-\-pipe\-buffer\-size\  BYTES
+Attempt to set the size of the output pipe buffer, and the intermediate
+input pipe buffer if one is needed, to \fIBYTES\fR bytes.
+This will silently do nothing if the requested size cannot be achieved.
+If this option is not specified, and both the output and the first input are
+pipes, then the output pipe buffer size will automatically be increased to
+match the input pipe buffer, if it was smaller.
 .TP
 .B \-E, \-\-skip-errors
 Ignore read errors by attempting to skip past the offending sections.
@@ -311,7 +359,7 @@ end of input.
 .TP
 .B \-Y, \-\-sync
 After every write operation, synchronise the buffer caches to disk with
-\fBfdatasync\fR(2).
+\fBsync\fR(2), or \fBfdatasync\fR(2) if possible.
 This has no effect when the output is a pipe.
 Using \*(lq\fB\-\-sync\fR\*(rq may improve the accuracy of the progress bar
 when writing to a slow disk.
@@ -324,11 +372,17 @@ failures with an error of \*(lqInvalid argument\*(rq, especially if reading
 and writing files across a variety of filesystems in a single \fBpv\fR call.
 Use this option with caution.
 .TP
+.B \-O, \-\-sparse
+When writing null bytes, try to seek, producing a sparse output file.
+Implies \*(lq\fB\-\-no\-splice\fR\*(rq.
+On filesystems without sparse file support, or when the output is not
+seekable, this option will have no effect other than to turn on
+\*(lq\fB\-\-no\-splice\fR\*(rq.
+.TP
 .B \-X, \-\-discard
 Instead of transferring input data to standard output, discard it.
 This is equivalent to redirecting standard output to \fI/dev/null\fR,
 except that \fBwrite\fR(2) is never called.
-Implies \*(lq\fB\-\-no\-splice\fR\*(rq.
 .TP
 .BI \-U\  FILE \fR,\ \fB\-\-store\-and\-forward\  FILE
 Instead of passing data through immediately, do it in two stages - first
@@ -338,27 +392,37 @@ exhausted, read all of \fIFILE\fR and write it to the output.
 \*(lq\fB-\fR\*(rq, in which case \fBpv\fR creates a temporary file for this
 purpose, and automatically removes it afterwards.
 .IP
-This can be useful if you have a pipeline which generates data (your
-input) quickly but you don't know the size, and you wish to pass it to some
-slower process, once all of the input has been generated and you know its
-size, so you can see its progress.
-Note that when doing this with relatively small amounts of data,
-\*(lq\fB\-\-no-splice\fR\*(rq may be preferable so that pipe buffering
-doesn't affect the progress display.
+A common use for this is this where one part of a pipeline generates data
+quickly but of unknown size, and the next part processes it slowly.
+With \*(lq\fIquick\fR\~\fB|\~pv\~\-U\~\-\~|\fR\~\fIslow\fR\*(rq, a progress
+bar is displayed with unknown size for the \fIquick\fR part, then a second
+is shown with a known size and ETA for the \fIslow\fR part.
 .\"
 .\"
 .SS "Alternative operating modes"
 .TP
-.BI \-d\  PID\fR[\fB:\fR\fIFD\fR],\  \fB\-\-watchfd\  PID\fR[\fB:\fR\fIFD\fR]
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-watchfd\fR \fIPID\fR[:\fIFD\fR]|=\fINAME\fR|@\fILISTFILE\fR...
 Instead of transferring data, watch file descriptor \fIFD\fR of process
 \fIPID\fR, and show its progress.
-The \fBpv\fR process will exit when \fIFD\fR either changes to a different
-file, changes read/write mode, or is closed; other data transfer modifiers -
-and remote control - may not be used with this option.
+Other data transfer modifiers - and remote control - may not be used with
+this option.
 .IP
-If only a \fIPID\fR is specified, then that process will be watched, and all
-regular files and block devices it opens will be shown with a progress bar.
-The \fBpv\fR process will exit when process \fIPID\fR exits.
+If a \fIPID\fR is specified without an \fIFD\fR, then that process will be
+watched, and all regular files and block devices it opens will be shown with
+a progress bar.
+.IP
+If a \fINAME\fR is specified, prefixed with "=", then processes with that
+name will be found with \fBpgrep\fR(1), and as watched described above.
+.IP
+If a \fILISTFILE\fR is specified, prefixed with "@", the lines in that file
+will be used as additional arguments.
+.IP
+All remaining non-option arguments will also be treated as additional
+arguments.
+.IP
+The \fBpv\fR process will exit when all \fIFD\fRs have either changed to a
+different file, changed read/write mode, or have closed, and all \fIPID\fRs
+(without a specific \fIFD\fR) have exited.
 .TP
 .BI \-R\  PID \fR,\ \fB\-\-remote\  PID
 Remotely control another instance of \fBpv\fR with process ID \fIPID\fR,
@@ -371,6 +435,48 @@ Note that some options cannot be changed while running, such as
 \*(lq\fB\-\-cursor\fR\*(rq, \*(lq\fB\-\-line\-mode\fR\*(rq,
 \*(lq\fB\-\-force\fR\*(rq, \*(lq\fB\-\-delay\-start\fR\*(rq,
 \*(lq\fB\-\-skip\-errors\fR\*(rq, and \*(lq\fB\-\-stop\-at\-size\fR\*(rq.
+.TP
+.BI \-Q\  PID \fR,\ \fB\-\-query\  PID
+Display the transfer progress of another instance of \fBpv\fR with process
+ID \fIPID\fR, owned by the same user.
+.IP
+Some output modifiers can only be used while querying another process if
+they match those of that process - such as
+\*(lq\fB\-\-line\-mode\fR\*(rq,
+\*(lq\fB\-\-null\fR\*(rq, and
+\*(lq\fB\-\-average\-rate\-window\fR\*(rq.
+Data transfer modifiers will have no effect.
+.TP
+.BR \-M " \fISIDE\fR, " \-\-monitor " \fISIDE\fR"
+Run the command specified by the remaining arguments, and monitor its
+standard input, its standard output, or both, depending on whether
+\fISIDE\fR is \*(lq\fBin\fR\*(rq, \*(lq\fBout\fR\*(rq, or
+\*(lq\fBboth\fR\*(rq.
+Use \*(lq\fB\-\-\fR\*(rq after all of the \fBpv\fR options to keep the
+monitored command's options separate.
+.IP
+With a \fISIDE\fR of \*(lq\fBboth\fR\*(rq, two progress bars will be shown.
+All of \fBpv\fR's display switches, output modifiers, and data transfer
+modifiers will apply to both sides.
+.IP
+For example,
+\*(lq\fBpv\~\-\-cursor\~\-\-monitor\~both\~\-\-\~gzip\~\-9\fR\*(rq is
+equivalent to
+\*(lq\fBpv\~\-\-cursor\~|\~gzip\~\-9\~|\~pv\~\-\-cursor\fR\*(rq, except that
+the latter can't show the input:output ratio.
+.IP
+The \*(lq\fB\-\-format\fR\*(rq and \*(lq\fB\-\-name\fR\*(rq options may be
+specified twice, in which case the first one applies to the input side and
+the second applies to the output side.
+If no \*(lq\fB\-\-format\fR\*(rq options are specified, the default format
+based on the other display switches is used as normal, except that the
+ratio is added to the output side when \fISIDE\fR is \*(lq\fBboth\fR\*(rq.
+.IP
+The values \*(lq\fB0\fR\*(rq, \*(lq\fB1\fR\*(rq, and \*(lq\fB2\fR\*(rq may
+be used as synonyms for \*(lq\fBin\fR\*(rq, \*(lq\fBout\fR\*(rq, and
+\*(lq\fBboth\fR\*(rq.
+.IP
+This option cannot be used with \*(lq\fB\-\-store\-and\-forward\*(rq.
 .\"
 .SS "Other options"
 .TP
@@ -406,6 +512,10 @@ Expands to fill the remaining space unless prefixed by a number.
 The percentage completion (or maximum rate, with \*(lq\fB\-\-gauge\fR\*(rq
 when the size is unknown).
 .TP
+.B %{progress-conemu}
+Emit the ConEmu "progress bar" sequences (OSC 9;4) to show the progress
+percentage in the terminal's title tab, on terminals which support it.
+.TP
 .B %{bar\-plain}
 Progress bar in the standard plain format, without any sides, and without
 any percentage displayed afterwards.
@@ -460,23 +570,32 @@ Equivalent to \*(lq\fB\-\-bytes\fR\*(rq.
 If \*(lq\fB\-\-bits\fR\*(rq was specified, \*(lq\fB%b\fR\*(rq shows the bits
 transferred so far, not bytes.
 .TP
+.B %{ratio}
+Show the ratio of bytes transferred by the other side to the bytes
+transferred by this side, in \*(lq\fB\-\-monitor\~both\fR\*(rq mode.
+.TP
 .BR %T ", " %{buffer\-percent}
 Percentage of the transfer buffer in use.
-Equivalent to \*(lq\fB\-\-buffer\-percent\fR\*(rq.
-Displays \*(lq{\-\-\-\-}\*(rq if the transfer is being done with
-\fBsplice\fR(2), since splicing to or from pipes does not use the buffer.
+Equivalent to \*(lq\fB\-\-buffer\-percent\fR\*(rq, but using it does not
+turn on \*(lq\fB\-\-no\-splice\fR\*(rq.
+.IP
+If the transfer is using \fBsplice\fR(2), displays \*(lq{\-\-\-\-}\*(rq; if
+the transfer is using \fBsplice\fR(2) via an intermediate input pipe,
+displays \*(lq{\-||\-}\*(rq; and if the transfer is using
+\fBcopy_file_range\fR(2), displays \*(lq{\-\-\->}\*(rq.
 .TP
 .BR %nA ", " %n{last\-written}
 Show the last \fIn\fR bytes written (for example, \*(lq\fB%16A\fR\*(rq shows
 the last 16 bytes).
-Shows only dots if the transfer is being done with \fBsplice\fR(2), since
-splicing to or from pipes does not use the buffer.
+Shows only dots if the transfer is using \fBsplice\fR(2) or
+\fBcopy_file_range\fR(2), since these transfer modes do not use the buffer.
 .TP
 .BR %nL ", " %n{previous\-line}
 Show the first \fIn\fR bytes of the most recently written line (for example,
 \*(lq\fB%40L\fR\*(rq shows the first 40 bytes).
 If no \fIn\fR is given, then this expands to fill the available space.
-Shows only spaces if the transfer is being done with \fBsplice\fR(2).
+Shows only spaces if the transfer is using \fBsplice\fR(2) or
+\fBcopy_file_range\fR(2).
 .TP
 .BR %N ", " %{name}
 Show the name prefix given by \*(lq\fB\-\-name\fR\*(rq.
@@ -567,6 +686,11 @@ Show only the elapsed time - useful as a simple timer, such as
 .B pv \-pterb
 The default behaviour: progress bar, elapsed time, estimated completion
 time, current rate, and byte counter.
+.TP
+.B pv \-\-format='%{progress-conemu}%{bytes} %{timer} %{rate} %{progress} %{eta}'
+Show the byte counter, elapsed time, current rate, progress bar, and ETA,
+and show the percentage progress in the terminal's tab bar, on terminals
+that support ConEmu OSC 9;4 sequences.
 .PP
 On macOS, it may be useful to specify \*(lq\fB\-\-buffer\-size\~1024\fR\*(rq
 in a pipeline, as this may improve performance.
@@ -599,6 +723,17 @@ tar cf \- directory/ \e
 .EE
 .in
 .PP
+An alternative way of doing the same thing:
+.PP
+.in +4
+.EX
+tar cf \- directory/ \e
+| pv \-\-size @directory/ \e
+| gzip \-9 \e
+> out.tar.gz
+.EE
+.in
+.PP
 Taking an image of a disk, skipping errors:
 .PP
 .in +4
@@ -658,7 +793,7 @@ the progress display:
 .PP
 .in +4
 .EX
-pv \-\-format '%a %p : %L' big.log | processing-script
+pv \-\-no\-splice \-\-format '%a %p : %L' big.log | processing-script
 .EE
 .in
 .PP
@@ -671,8 +806,9 @@ pv \-\-numeric \-\-format '{"elapsed":%t,"bytes":%b,"rate":%r,"percentage":%{pro
 .in
 .\"
 .SH EXIT STATUS
-An exit status of 1 indicates a problem with the \*(lq\fB\-\-remote\fR\*(rq
-or \*(lq\fB\-\-pidfile\fR\*(rq options.
+An exit status of 1 indicates a problem with the \*(lq\fB\-\-remote\fR\*(rq,
+\*(lq\fB\-\-query\fR\*(rq, \*(lq\fB\-\-pidfile\fR\*(rq, or
+\*(lq\fB\-\-monitor\fR\*(rq options.
 .PP
 Any other exit status is a bitmask of the following:
 .TP 5
@@ -701,10 +837,10 @@ The following environment variables may affect \fBpv\fR:
 .TP
 .B HOME
 The current user's home directory.
-This may be used by \*(lq\fB\-\-remote\fR\*(rq to exchange messages between
-\fBpv\fR instances: if the \fI/run/user/UID/\fR directory does not exist
-(where \fIUID\fR is the current user ID), then \fI$HOME/.pv/\fR will be used
-instead.
+This may be used by \*(lq\fB\-\-remote\fR\*(rq and \*(lq\fB\-\-query\fR\*(rq
+to exchange messages between \fBpv\fR instances: if the \fI/run/user/UID/\fR
+directory does not exist (where \fIUID\fR is the current user ID), then
+\fI$HOME/.pv/\fR will be used instead.
 .TP
 .BR TMPDIR ", " TMP
 The directory to create per-tty lock files for the terminal when using
@@ -743,14 +879,14 @@ pv InputFile | ( while read \-r line; do sleep 0.1; done; )
 .in
 .PP
 Refer to
-.UR https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/105
+.UR https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/105
 issue #105
 .UE
 for full details.
 .PP
-The \*(lq\fB\-\-remote\fR\*(rq option requires that either
-\fI/run/user/<uid>/\fR or \fI$HOME/\fR can be written to, for inter-process
-communication.
+The \*(lq\fB\-\-remote\fR\*(rq and \*(lq\fB\-\-query\fR\*(rq options require
+that either \fI/run/user/<uid>/\fR or \fI$HOME/\fR can be written to, for
+inter-process communication.
 .PP
 The \*(lq\fB\-\-size\fR\*(rq option has no effect if used with
 \*(lq\fB\-\-watchfd\fR\~\fIPID\fR\*(rq to watch all file descriptors of a
@@ -766,11 +902,14 @@ The \*(lq\fB%nA\fR\*(rq and \*(lq\fB%nL\fR\*(rq format sequences may not be
 effective with small input files, and \*(lq\fB%nL\fR\*(rq may be a few lines
 out due to buffering within the pipeline itself.
 .PP
-Numbers passed to \*(lq\fB\-\-size\fR\*(rq, \*(lq\fB\-\-rate\-limit\fR\*(rq,
-\*(lq\fB\-\-buffer\-size\fR\*(rq, and \*(lq\fB\-\-error\-skip\-block\fR\*(rq
-may all be expressed as decimals if followed by a suffix, so for example
-\*(lq\fI\-\-size\~1.5G\fR\*(rq is equivalent to
-\*(lq\fI\-\-size\~1536M\fR\*(rq.
+Numbers passed to \*(lq\fB\-\-size\fR\*(rq,
+\*(lq\fB\-\-buffer\-size\fR\*(rq, \*(lq\fB\-\-pipe\-buffer\-size\fR\*(rq,
+and \*(lq\fB\-\-error\-skip\-block\fR\*(rq may all be expressed as decimals
+if followed by a suffix, so for example \*(lq\fI\-\-size\~1.5G\fR\*(rq is
+equivalent to \*(lq\fI\-\-size\~1536M\fR\*(rq.
+.PP
+Numbers passed to \*(lq\fB\-\-rate\-limit\fR\*(rq may be expressed as
+decimals with or without a suffix.
 .PP
 Numbers passed to \*(lq\fB\-\-interval\fR\*(rq and
 \*(lq\fB\-\-delay\-start\fR\*(rq may be integers or decimals, but may not
@@ -778,27 +917,34 @@ have a suffix.
 .PP
 Numbers passed to \*(lq\fB\-\-last\-written\fR\*(rq,
 \*(lq\fB\-\-width\fR\*(rq, \*(lq\fB\-\-height\fR\*(rq,
-\*(lq\fB\-\-average\-rate\-window\fR\*(rq, and \*(lq\fB\-\-remote\fR\*(rq
-must be integers with no suffix.
+\*(lq\fB\-\-average\-rate\-window\fR\*(rq, \*(lq\fB\-\-remote\fR\*(rq, and
+\*(lq\fB\-\-query\fR\*(rq must be integers with no suffix.
+.PP
+When \*(lq\fB\-\-sparse\fR\*(rq is in effect and output is being written to
+a file, that file may look like it has stopped growing if inspected with
+\fBls\fR(1) while null bytes are being written, even though \fBpv\fR still
+reports progress.
+This is because of the way sparse output is achieved, and the file will be
+the correct size when the transfer ends.
 .\"
 .SH REPORTING BUGS
-Please report any bugs to \fBpv@ivarch.com\fR.
-.PP
-Alternatively, use the issue tracker linked from the
-.UR https://www.ivarch.com/programs/pv.shtml
+Please report bugs or feature requests via the issue tracker linked from the
+.UR https://ivarch.com/p/pv
 \fBpv\fR home page
 .UE .
 .\"
 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 .BR cat (1),
 .BR splice (2),
+.BR copy_file_range (2),
+.BR fsync (2),
 .BR fdatasync (2),
 .BR open (2)
 (for \fBO_DIRECT\fR),
 .BR console_codes (4)
 .\"
 .SH COPYRIGHT
-Copyright \(co 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood.
+Copyright \(co 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood.
 .PP
 License GPLv3+:
 .UR https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html
@@ -1,24 +1,37 @@
 # NAME

-pv - monitor the progress of data through a pipe
+pv - monitor and manage the progress of data through a pipe

 # SYNOPSIS

 **pv** \[*OPTION*\]\... \[*FILE*\]\...

-**pv** **-d**\|**\--watchfd** *PID*\[:*FD*\] \[*OPTION*\]\...
+**pv** \[*OPTION*\]\... **-d**\|**\--watchfd**
+*PID*\[:*FD*\]\|=*NAME*\|@*LISTFILE*\...

 **pv** **-R**\|**\--remote** *PID* \[*OPTION*\]\...

+**pv** **-Q**\|**\--query** *PID* \[*OPTION*\]\...
+
+**pv** \[*OPTION*\]\... **-M**\|**\--monitor** *SIDE* \-- *COMMAND*
+[*ARGS*\]\...
+
 # DESCRIPTION

 Show the progress of data through a pipeline by giving information such
 as time elapsed, percentage completed (with progress bar), current
-throughput rate, total data transferred, and ETA.
+throughput rate, total data transferred, and ETA. The data flow rate,
+error handling strategy, buffer size, and cache interaction can all be
+adjusted.

 Each *FILE* is copied to standard output. With no *FILE*, or when *FILE*
-is "-", standard input is read. This is the same behaviour as
-**cat**(1).
+is "-", standard input is read.
+
+In "**\--watchfd**" mode, inspect another process and show its progress
+through the files it has open.
+
+In "**\--monitor**" mode, run a command and display the progress of data
+through both its standard input and its standard output.

 # OPTIONS

@@ -113,7 +126,7 @@ are explicitly switched on will be shown.
    output. The default format string components for "**\--numeric**"
    are "**%t %b %r %{progress-amount-only}**" in that order, each item
    being active or inactive according to the rules above (so the
-    default with no other options is "**%{progress-amount-only}**".
+    default with no other options is "**%{progress-amount-only}**").

 **-q, \--quiet**

@@ -136,17 +149,16 @@ are explicitly switched on will be shown.
 **-W, \--wait**

 :   Wait until the first byte has been transferred before showing any
-    progress information or calculating any ETAs. Useful if the program
-    you are piping to or from requires extra information before it
-    starts, such as when piping data into **gpg**(1) or **mcrypt**(1)
-    which require a passphrase before data can be processed.
+    progress information or calculating any ETAs. For example, use this
+    option when piping data into tools such as **gpg**(1) or
+    "**mysql -p**" so the count only starts after the password prompt
+    has been answered.

 **-D SEC, \--delay-start SEC**

 :   Wait until *SEC* seconds have passed before showing any progress
-    information, for example in a script where you only want to show a
-    progress bar if it starts taking a long time. The value of *SEC* can
-    be a decimal such as "0.5".
+    information, so that a transfer that is over quickly won\'t display
+    anything. The value of *SEC* can be a decimal such as "0.5".

 **-s SIZE, \--size SIZE**

@@ -157,7 +169,8 @@ are explicitly switched on will be shown.
    denote kilobytes (\*1000), megabytes, and so on instead.

    If *SIZE* starts with "**@**", the size of file whose name follows
-    the @ will be used.
+    the @ will be used; if that is a directory, the size of all files
+    under it will be used, like "**du \--apparent-size -b**".

 **-g, \--gauge**

@@ -195,23 +208,23 @@ are explicitly switched on will be shown.

 **-w WIDTH, \--width WIDTH**

-:   Assume the terminal is *WIDTH* columns wide, instead of trying to
-    work it out (or assuming 80 if it cannot be guessed). If this option
-    is used, the output width will not be adjusted if the width of the
-    terminal changes while the transfer is running.
+:   Assume the terminal is *WIDTH* columns wide, instead of
+    autodetecting the width (or assuming 80 if detection fails). If this
+    option is used, the output width will not be adjusted if the width
+    of the terminal changes while the transfer is running.

 **-H HEIGHT, \--height HEIGHT**

-:   Assume the terminal is *HEIGHT* rows high, instead of trying to work
-    it out (or assuming 25 if it cannot be guessed). If this option is
+:   Assume the terminal is *HEIGHT* rows high, instead of autodetecting
+    the height (or assuming 25 if detection fails). If this option is
    used, the output height will not be adjusted if the height of the
    terminal changes while the transfer is running.

 **-N NAME, \--name NAME**

-:   Prefix the output information with *NAME*. Useful in conjunction
-    with "**\--cursor**" if you have a complicated pipeline and you want
-    to be able to tell different parts of it apart.
+:   Prefix the output information with *NAME*. Often used with
+    "**\--cursor**" to identify each progress bar in a pipeline
+    containing more than one **pv**.

 **-u STYLE, \--bar-style STYLE**

@@ -235,10 +248,18 @@ are explicitly switched on will be shown.
    bytes transferred, and rate, in both the window title and the
    process title.

+**-9, \--conemu**
+
+:   As well as displaying progress to the terminal, also emit the ConEmu
+    \"progress bar\" sequences (OSC 9;4) to show the progress percentage
+    in the terminal\'s title tab, on terminals which support it. This is
+    equivalent to adding "%{progress-conemu}" to the **\--format**
+    string.
+
 **-v, \--stats**

 :   At the end of the transfer, write an additional line showing the
-    transfer rate minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation. The
+    transfer rate minimum, mean, maximum, and standard deviation. The
    values are always in bytes per second (or bits, with "**\--bits**").

 **-f, \--force**
@@ -248,9 +269,16 @@ are explicitly switched on will be shown.

 **-c, \--cursor**

-:   Use cursor positioning escape sequences instead of just using
-    carriage returns. This is useful in conjunction with "**\--name**"
-    if you are using multiple **pv** invocations in a single pipeline.
+:   Use cursor positioning escape sequences to move to the initial
+    terminal row when updating the display, instead of only using
+    carriage returns. This allows multiple **pv** instances to show
+    progress on the same terminal together.
+
+    For example:
+
+        pv --cursor --name input file.gz | gzip -d | pv --cursor --name output > file
+
+    As the example shows, this is often used with "**\--name**".

 ## Data transfer modifiers

@@ -262,7 +290,9 @@ are explicitly switched on will be shown.
 **-L RATE, \--rate-limit RATE**

 :   Limit the transfer to a maximum of *RATE* bytes per second. The same
-    suffixes as "**\--size**" can be used.
+    suffixes as "**\--size**" can be used. Decimal values are allowed.
+    Specifying 0 will turn off rate limiting, which is useful with
+    "**\--remote**".

 **-B BYTES, \--buffer-size BYTES**

@@ -275,16 +305,33 @@ are explicitly switched on will be shown.

 **-C, \--no-splice**

-:   Never use **splice**(2), even if it would normally be possible. The
-    **splice**(2) system call is a more efficient way of transferring
-    data from or to a pipe than regular **read**(2) and **write**(2),
-    but means that the transfer buffer may not be used. This prevents
-    "**\--buffer-percent**" and "**\--last-written**" from working,
-    cannot work with "**\--discard**", and makes "**\--buffer-size**"
-    redundant, so using any of those options automatically switches on
-    "**\--no-splice**". Switching on this option results in a small loss
-    of transfer efficiency. It has no effect on systems where
-    **splice**(2) is unavailable.
+:   Prevent the use of **splice**(2) and **copy_file_range**(2), which
+    are normally used on systems that support it to improve efficiency
+    by eliminating the need for a transfer buffer.
+
+    In the default case that **splice**(2) or **copy_file_range**(2) are
+    used, the lack of a transfer buffer prevents "**\--buffer-percent**"
+    and "**\--last-written**" from working and makes
+    "**\--buffer-size**" redundant, so using any of those options
+    automatically switches on "**\--no-splice**".
+
+    Sparse files cannot be written with **splice**(2) or
+    **copy_file_range**(2), so using "**\--sparse**" automatically
+    switches on "**\--no-splice**".
+
+    Switching on "**\--no-splice**" results in a small loss of transfer
+    efficiency. It has no effect on systems where **splice**(2) and
+    **copy_file_range**(2) are unavailable.
+
+**-J BYTES, \--pipe-buffer-size BYTES**
+
+:   Attempt to set the size of the output pipe buffer, and the
+    intermediate input pipe buffer if one is needed, to *BYTES* bytes.
+    This will silently do nothing if the requested size cannot be
+    achieved. If this option is not specified, and both the output and
+    the first input are pipes, then the output pipe buffer size will
+    automatically be increased to match the input pipe buffer, if it was
+    smaller.

 **-E, \--skip-errors**

@@ -322,9 +369,9 @@ are explicitly switched on will be shown.
 **-Y, \--sync**

 :   After every write operation, synchronise the buffer caches to disk
-    with **fdatasync**(2). This has no effect when the output is a pipe.
-    Using "**\--sync**" may improve the accuracy of the progress bar
-    when writing to a slow disk.
+    with **sync**(2), or **fdatasync**(2) if possible. This has no
+    effect when the output is a pipe. Using "**\--sync**" may improve
+    the accuracy of the progress bar when writing to a slow disk.

 **-K, \--direct-io**

@@ -335,12 +382,18 @@ are explicitly switched on will be shown.
    especially if reading and writing files across a variety of
    filesystems in a single **pv** call. Use this option with caution.

+**-O, \--sparse**
+
+:   When writing null bytes, try to seek, producing a sparse output
+    file. Implies "**\--no-splice**". On filesystems without sparse file
+    support, or when the output is not seekable, this option will have
+    no effect other than to turn on "**\--no-splice**".
+
 **-X, \--discard**

 :   Instead of transferring input data to standard output, discard it.
    This is equivalent to redirecting standard output to */dev/null*,
-    except that **write**(2) is never called. Implies
-    "**\--no-splice**".
+    except that **write**(2) is never called.

 **-U FILE, \--store-and-forward FILE**

@@ -351,27 +404,37 @@ are explicitly switched on will be shown.
    **pv** creates a temporary file for this purpose, and automatically
    removes it afterwards.

-    This can be useful if you have a pipeline which generates data (your
-    input) quickly but you don\'t know the size, and you wish to pass it
-    to some slower process, once all of the input has been generated and
-    you know its size, so you can see its progress. Note that when doing
-    this with relatively small amounts of data, "**\--no-splice**" may
-    be preferable so that pipe buffering doesn\'t affect the progress
-    display.
+    A common use for this is this where one part of a pipeline generates
+    data quickly but of unknown size, and the next part processes it
+    slowly. With "*quick* **\| pv -U - \|** *slow*", a progress bar is
+    displayed with unknown size for the *quick* part, then a second is
+    shown with a known size and ETA for the *slow* part.

 ## Alternative operating modes

-**-d PID\[:FD\], \--watchfd PID\[:FD\]**
+**-d**, **\--watchfd** *PID*\[:*FD*\]\|=*NAME*\|@*LISTFILE*\...

 :   Instead of transferring data, watch file descriptor *FD* of process
-    *PID*, and show its progress. The **pv** process will exit when *FD*
-    either changes to a different file, changes read/write mode, or is
-    closed; other data transfer modifiers - and remote control - may not
-    be used with this option.
+    *PID*, and show its progress. Other data transfer modifiers - and
+    remote control - may not be used with this option.

-    If only a *PID* is specified, then that process will be watched, and
-    all regular files and block devices it opens will be shown with a
-    progress bar. The **pv** process will exit when process *PID* exits.
+    If a *PID* is specified without an *FD*, then that process will be
+    watched, and all regular files and block devices it opens will be
+    shown with a progress bar.
+
+    If a *NAME* is specified, prefixed with \"=\", then processes with
+    that name will be found with **pgrep**(1), and as watched described
+    above.
+
+    If a *LISTFILE* is specified, prefixed with \"@\", the lines in that
+    file will be used as additional arguments.
+
+    All remaining non-option arguments will also be treated as
+    additional arguments.
+
+    The **pv** process will exit when all *FD*s have either changed to a
+    different file, changed read/write mode, or have closed, and all
+    *PID*s (without a specific *FD*) have exited.

 **-R PID, \--remote PID**

@@ -386,6 +449,44 @@ are explicitly switched on will be shown.
    "**\--delay-start**", "**\--skip-errors**", and
    "**\--stop-at-size**".

+**-Q PID, \--query PID**
+
+:   Display the transfer progress of another instance of **pv** with
+    process ID *PID*, owned by the same user.
+
+    Some output modifiers can only be used while querying another
+    process if they match those of that process - such as
+    "**\--line-mode**", "**\--null**", and "**\--average-rate-window**".
+    Data transfer modifiers will have no effect.
+
+**-M** *SIDE*, **\--monitor** *SIDE*
+
+:   Run the command specified by the remaining arguments, and monitor
+    its standard input, its standard output, or both, depending on
+    whether *SIDE* is "**in**", "**out**", or "**both**". Use "**\--**"
+    after all of the **pv** options to keep the monitored command\'s
+    options separate.
+
+    With a *SIDE* of "**both**", two progress bars will be shown. All of
+    **pv**\'s display switches, output modifiers, and data transfer
+    modifiers will apply to both sides.
+
+    For example, "**pv \--cursor \--monitor both \-- gzip -9**" is
+    equivalent to "**pv \--cursor \| gzip -9 \| pv \--cursor**", except
+    that the latter can\'t show the input:output ratio.
+
+    The "**\--format**" and "**\--name**" options may be specified
+    twice, in which case the first one applies to the input side and the
+    second applies to the output side. If no "**\--format**" options are
+    specified, the default format based on the other display switches is
+    used as normal, except that the ratio is added to the output side
+    when *SIDE* is "**both**".
+
+    The values "**0**", "**1**", and "**2**" may be used as synonyms for
+    "**in**", "**out**", and "**both**".
+
+    This option cannot be used with "**\--store-and-forward".**
+
 ## Other options

 **-P FILE, \--pidfile FILE**
@@ -426,6 +527,12 @@ contain the following sequences:
 :   The percentage completion (or maximum rate, with "**\--gauge**" when
    the size is unknown).

+**%{progress-conemu}**
+
+:   Emit the ConEmu \"progress bar\" sequences (OSC 9;4) to show the
+    progress percentage in the terminal\'s title tab, on terminals which
+    support it.
+
 **%{bar-plain}**

 :   Progress bar in the standard plain format, without any sides, and
@@ -485,26 +592,35 @@ contain the following sequences:
    specified). Equivalent to "**\--bytes**". If "**\--bits**" was
    specified, "**%b**" shows the bits transferred so far, not bytes.

+**%{ratio}**
+
+:   Show the ratio of bytes transferred by the other side to the bytes
+    transferred by this side, in "**\--monitor both**" mode.
+
 **%T**, **%{buffer-percent}**

 :   Percentage of the transfer buffer in use. Equivalent to
-    "**\--buffer-percent**". Displays "{\-\-\--}" if the transfer is
-    being done with **splice**(2), since splicing to or from pipes does
-    not use the buffer.
+    "**\--buffer-percent**", but using it does not turn on
+    "**\--no-splice**".
+
+    If the transfer is using **splice**(2), displays "{\-\-\--}"; if the
+    transfer is using **splice**(2) via an intermediate input pipe,
+    displays "{-\|\|-}"; and if the transfer is using
+    **copy_file_range**(2), displays "{\-\--\>}".

 **%nA**, **%n{last-written}**

 :   Show the last *n* bytes written (for example, "**%16A**" shows the
-    last 16 bytes). Shows only dots if the transfer is being done with
-    **splice**(2), since splicing to or from pipes does not use the
-    buffer.
+    last 16 bytes). Shows only dots if the transfer is using
+    **splice**(2) or **copy_file_range**(2), since these transfer modes
+    do not use the buffer.

 **%nL**, **%n{previous-line}**

 :   Show the first *n* bytes of the most recently written line (for
    example, "**%40L**" shows the first 40 bytes). If no *n* is given,
    then this expands to fill the available space. Shows only spaces if
-    the transfer is being done with **splice**(2).
+    the transfer is using **splice**(2) or **copy_file_range**(2).

 **%N**, **%{name}**

@@ -577,6 +693,12 @@ Some suggested common switch combinations:
 :   The default behaviour: progress bar, elapsed time, estimated
    completion time, current rate, and byte counter.

+**pv \--format=\'%{progress-conemu}%{bytes} %{timer} %{rate} %{progress} %{eta}\'**
+
+:   Show the byte counter, elapsed time, current rate, progress bar, and
+    ETA, and show the percentage progress in the terminal\'s tab bar, on
+    terminals that support ConEmu OSC 9;4 sequences.
+
 On macOS, it may be useful to specify "**\--buffer-size 1024**" in a
 pipeline, as this may improve performance.

@@ -596,6 +718,13 @@ To watch the progress of creating a tar.gz archive:
    | gzip -9 \
    > out.tar.gz

+An alternative way of doing the same thing:
+
+    tar cf - directory/ \
+    | pv --size @directory/ \
+    | gzip -9 \
+    > out.tar.gz
+
 Taking an image of a disk, skipping errors:

    pv -EE /dev/your/disk/device > disk-image.img
@@ -631,7 +760,7 @@ display:
 Sending logs to a processing script, showing the most recent line as
 part of the progress display:

-    pv --format '%a %p : %L' big.log | processing-script
+    pv --no-splice --format '%a %p : %L' big.log | processing-script

 Showing progress as lines of JSON data:

@@ -639,8 +768,8 @@ Showing progress as lines of JSON data:

 # EXIT STATUS

-An exit status of 1 indicates a problem with the "**\--remote**" or
-"**\--pidfile**" options.
+An exit status of 1 indicates a problem with the "**\--remote**",
+"**\--query**", "**\--pidfile**", or "**\--monitor**" options.

 Any other exit status is a bitmask of the following:

@@ -678,9 +807,10 @@ The following environment variables may affect **pv**:
 **HOME**

 :   The current user\'s home directory. This may be used by
-    "**\--remote**" to exchange messages between **pv** instances: if
-    the */run/user/UID/* directory does not exist (where *UID* is the
-    current user ID), then *\$HOME/.pv/* will be used instead.
+    "**\--remote**" and "**\--query**" to exchange messages between
+    **pv** instances: if the */run/user/UID/* directory does not exist
+    (where *UID* is the current user ID), then *\$HOME/.pv/* will be
+    used instead.

 **TMPDIR**, **TMP**

@@ -709,11 +839,12 @@ brackets to force the use of a subshell:

    pv InputFile | ( while read -r line; do sleep 0.1; done; )

-Refer to [issue #105](https://codeberg.org/a-j-wood/pv/issues/105) for
+Refer to [issue #105](https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/105) for
 full details.

-The "**\--remote**" option requires that either */run/user/\<uid\>/* or
-*\$HOME/* can be written to, for inter-process communication.
+The "**\--remote**" and "**\--query**" options require that either
+*/run/user/\<uid\>/* or *\$HOME/* can be written to, for inter-process
+communication.

 The "**\--size**" option has no effect if used with
 "**\--watchfd** *PID*" to watch all file descriptors of a process, but
@@ -728,33 +859,40 @@ The "**%nA**" and "**%nL**" format sequences may not be effective with
 small input files, and "**%nL**" may be a few lines out due to buffering
 within the pipeline itself.

-Numbers passed to "**\--size**", "**\--rate-limit**",
-"**\--buffer-size**", and "**\--error-skip-block**" may all be expressed
-as decimals if followed by a suffix, so for example "*\--size 1.5G*" is
-equivalent to "*\--size 1536M*".
+Numbers passed to "**\--size**", "**\--buffer-size**",
+"**\--pipe-buffer-size**", and "**\--error-skip-block**" may all be
+expressed as decimals if followed by a suffix, so for example
+"*\--size 1.5G*" is equivalent to "*\--size 1536M*".
+
+Numbers passed to "**\--rate-limit**" may be expressed as decimals with
+or without a suffix.

 Numbers passed to "**\--interval**" and "**\--delay-start**" may be
 integers or decimals, but may not have a suffix.

 Numbers passed to "**\--last-written**", "**\--width**",
-"**\--height**", "**\--average-rate-window**", and "**\--remote**" must
-be integers with no suffix.
+"**\--height**", "**\--average-rate-window**", "**\--remote**", and
+"**\--query**" must be integers with no suffix.
+
+When "**\--sparse**" is in effect and output is being written to a file,
+that file may look like it has stopped growing if inspected with
+**ls**(1) while null bytes are being written, even though **pv** still
+reports progress. This is because of the way sparse output is achieved,
+and the file will be the correct size when the transfer ends.

 # REPORTING BUGS

-Please report any bugs to **pv@ivarch.com**.
-
-Alternatively, use the issue tracker linked from the [**pv** home
-page](https://www.ivarch.com/programs/pv.shtml).
+Please report bugs or feature requests via the issue tracker linked from
+the [**pv** home page](https://ivarch.com/p/pv).

 # SEE ALSO

-**cat**(1), **splice**(2), **fdatasync**(2), **open**(2) (for
-**O_DIRECT**), **console_codes**(4)
+**cat**(1), **splice**(2), **copy_file_range**(2), **fsync**(2),
+**fdatasync**(2), **open**(2) (for **O_DIRECT**), **console_codes**(4)

 # COPYRIGHT

-Copyright © 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew
+Copyright © 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew
 Wood.

 License GPLv3+: [GNU GPL version 3 or
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Configuration for the foss-release.sh script.
+# The script is here: https://codeberg.org/ivarch/scripts
+
+set maintainer andrew.wood@ivarch.com
+set mainprogram auto
+set version auto
+set mandir docs
+set newsdir docs
+
+export SKIP_VALGRIND_TESTS=1
+
+section Initial checks
+action check_po
+action check_version_news
+action check_version_autoconf
+action check_version_man
+
+section Initial build
+action configure
+action make
+action check_analyse
+action check_version_program
+action check_version_year
+
+section Documentation and source reformatting
+action man_md
+action man_html
+action news_html
+action make_indent
+
+section Update po files
+action make_update_po
+
+section Run autoreconf
+action autoreconf
+
+section Commit check
+action check_git_status
+
+section Release archive
+action check_make_distcheck
+action make_dist
+
+section Lab tests
+action labtest
+
+section Sign release
+action sign_tarball
+
+section Build OS packages
+action parmo_build
@@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Automate a portion of the release checklist.  Expects to be run from a
-# build directory, such as one in which "configure" has been run, i.e. 
-# there should be a Makefile present.
-#
-# If ~/.config/packaging-hosts exists, then build-package.sh is run on each
-# one and the resultant packages (RPMs, DEBs, etc) are copied back.
-#
-# All of the release artefacts are placed in a "RELEASE-x" directory, where
-# "x" is the version.
-#
-# Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
-# License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
-#
-# Version: 0.0.2 / 16 Dec 2024
-
-srcdir="$(awk '/^VPATH/{print $NF}' < Makefile | sed -n 1p)"
-manuals="$(find "${srcdir}/docs" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.[0-9]" -printf "%f\n")"
-mainProgram="$(awk '/^[a-z]+_PROGRAMS/{print $3}' Makefile |cut -d '$' -f 1 | sed -n 1p)"
-labTestScript="${srcdir}/docs/test-on-vm-lab.sh"
-packageBuildScript="${srcdir}/docs/build-package.sh"
-
-status () {
-	test -n "$*" && printf "\n"
-	printf '\e]0;%s\007\r' "$*" >&2
-	if test -n "$*"; then
-		tput rev >&2
-		printf " -- %s -- " "$*" >&2
-		tput sgr0 >&2
-		printf "\n\n"
-	fi
-}
-
-possiblyDie () {
-	printf "\n" >&2
-	tput bold >&2
-	printf "%s: %s\n" "release" "$*" >&2
-	tput sgr0 >&2
-	printf "\n%s\n" "Type 'y' and hit Enter to continue anyway."
-	read -r line
-	test "${line}" = "y" || { status ""; exit 1; }
-}
-
-test -e "${labTestScript}" || labTestScript=""
-test -e "${packageBuildScript}" || packageBuildScript=""
-
-# The checklist is re-ordered a little so that we defer making changes (like
-# "make indent") until as late as possible, in case any checks fail.
-
-status "Initial checks"
-
-# Check MAINTAINER is provided.
-test -n "${MAINTAINER}" || possiblyDie "environment variable MAINTAINER is empty"
-
-# * Check that _po/POTFILES.in_ is up to date
-if test -d "${srcdir}/po"; then
-	inFile="$(sort < "${srcdir}/po/POTFILES.in")"
-	realList="$(find "${srcdir}" -name "*.c" -printf "%P\n" | sort)"
-	test "${inFile}" = "${realList}" || possiblyDie "po/POTFILES.in is incorrect"
-fi
-
-status "Initial build"
-make || possiblyDie "failed 'make'"
-
-# * Run "_make analyse_" and see whether remaining warnings can be addressed
-status "Source analysis"
-make analyse || possiblyDie "failed 'make analyse'"
-
-# * Version bump and documentation checks:
-
-status "Version checks"
-
-#   * Check that _docs/NEWS.md_ is up to date
-versionInNews="$(awk 'FNR==1{print $2}' "${srcdir}/docs/NEWS.md")"
-printf "%s\n" "${versionInNews}" | grep -Eq '^[0-9]' || possiblyDie "version in NEWS.md (${versionInNews}) is not numeric"
-
-#   * Check the version in both _configure.ac_ and _docs/NEWS.md_ was updated
-versionInConfig="$(grep ^AC_INIT "${srcdir}/configure.ac" | cut -d '[' -f 3 | cut -d ']' -f 1)"
-test "${versionInConfig}" = "${versionInNews}" || possiblyDie "version in configure.ac (${versionInConfig}) mismatches NEWS.md (${versionInNews})"
-
-#   * Check that the manuals are up to date
-for manPage in ${manuals}; do
-	versionInManual="$(awk 'FNR==1 {print $5}' "${srcdir}/docs/${manPage}" | cut -d - -f 2)"
-	test "${versionInManual}" = "${versionInNews}" || possiblyDie "version in ${manPage} (${versionInManual}) mismatches NEWS.md (${versionInNews})"
-done
-
-#   * Check that the program version is correct
-versionInVersionOutput="$(./"${mainProgram}" --version | awk 'FNR==1{print $NF}')"
-test "${versionInVersionOutput}" = "${versionInNews}" || possiblyDie "version in '${mainProgram} --version' (${versionInVersionOutput}) mismatches NEWS.md (${versionInNews})"
-
-#   * Check that the year displayed by --version is correct
-yearInVersion="$(./"${mainProgram}" --version | awk '/^Copyright/{print $2}')"
-yearNow="$(date '+%Y')"
-test "${yearInVersion}" = "${yearNow}" || possiblyDie "the year in '--version' (${yearInVersion}) is not this year (${yearNow})"
-
-#   * Make the Markdown version of the manuals and, if using VPATH, copy the result to the source directory
-# We also wipe everything in "docs" so we don't accidentally package
-# leftover working files.
-
-status "Markdown manual"
-
-rm -f docs/*
-for manPage in ${manuals}; do
-	make "docs/${manPage}.md"
-	cp "docs/${manPage}.md" "${srcdir}/docs/${manPage}.md"
-done
-
-# * Run "_make indent; make indent indentclean check_"
-status "Reformat source"
-make indent
-make indent indentclean
-# The check will run later as part of "make distcheck".
-
-# * Run "_make -C po update-po_"
-status "Update po files"
-if test -d "${srcdir}/po"; then
-	make -C po update-po || possiblyDie "update-po failed"
-fi
-
-# * Run "_autoreconf_" in the source directory
-status "Run autoreconf"
-(cd "${srcdir}" && autoreconf -is) || possiblyDie "autoreconf failed"
-
-# * Ensure everything has been committed to the repository
-status "Commit check"
-gitStatus="$(cd "${srcdir}" && git status --porcelain=v1)" || possiblyDie "failed to run 'git status'"
-test -z "${gitStatus}" || possiblyDie "not everything is committed - 'git status' is not empty"
-
-# * Consistency and build checks:
-#   * Wipe the build directory, and run "_configure_" there
-#   * Run "_make distcheck_"
-# * Run "_make release MAINTAINER=<signing-user>_"
-# NB "make release" implies "make distcheck".
-# We set SKIP_VALGRIND_TESTS=1 because the full tests will run in the lab
-# check.
-status "Release archive"
-workDir="$(mktemp -d)" || possiblyDie "mktemp failed"
-trap 'chmod -R u+w "${workDir}"; rm -rf "${workDir}"' EXIT
-(
-cd "${workDir}" || exit 1
-sh "${srcdir}/configure" || exit 1
-make -j8 release SKIP_VALGRIND_TESTS=1 || exit 1
-exit 0
-) || possiblyDie "failed on 'make release'"
-
-sourceArchive="$(find "${workDir}" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.tar.gz")"
-test -e "${sourceArchive}.asc" || possiblyDie "release was not signed"
-
-#   * Run "_./configure && make check_" on all test systems, using the _tar.gz_ that was just created
-#   * Run a cross-compilation check
-if test -n "${labTestScript}"; then
-	status "Lab test"
-	sh "${labTestScript}" "${sourceArchive}" || possiblyDie "lab test failed"
-fi
-
-# * Update the project web site:
-#   * Copy the release _.tar.gz_, _.txt_, and _.asc_ files to the web site
-#   * Use "_pandoc --from markdown --to html_" to convert the news and manual to HTML
-status "Release dir"
-rm -rf "RELEASE-${versionInNews}"
-mkdir "RELEASE-${versionInNews}"
-cp "${sourceArchive}" "${sourceArchive}.asc" "${sourceArchive}.txt" "RELEASE-${versionInNews}/" || possiblyDie "failed to copy release files"
-
-status "HTML docs"
-for manPage in ${manuals}; do
-	pandoc --from markdown --to html --shift-heading-level-by=1 < "${srcdir}/docs/${manPage}.md" > "RELEASE-${versionInNews}/${manPage}.html"
-done
-pandoc --from markdown --to html < "${srcdir}/docs/NEWS.md" > "RELEASE-${versionInNews}/news.html"
-
-# Build OS packages.
-packagingHosts="$(cat ~/.config/packaging-hosts 2>/dev/null)"
-test -n "${packageBuildScript}" || packagingHosts=""
-for buildHost in ${packagingHosts}; do
-	remoteWorkDir="$(ssh "${buildHost}" "mktemp -d")" || continue
-	test -n "${remoteWorkDir}" || continue
-	status "Package: ${buildHost}"
-	buildOK=true
-	scp "${packageBuildScript}" "${buildHost}:${remoteWorkDir}/build-package.sh" || buildOK=false
-	${buildOK} && scp "${sourceArchive}" "${buildHost}:${remoteWorkDir}/" || buildOK=false
-	# shellcheck disable=SC2029
-	${buildOK} && ssh -t "${buildHost}" "cd \"${remoteWorkDir}\" && SKIP_VALGRIND_TESTS=\"${SKIP_VALGRIND_TESTS}\" MAINTAINER=\"${MAINTAINER}\" sh ./build-package.sh ./*gz" || buildOK=false
-	# shellcheck disable=SC2029
-	${buildOK} && ssh "${buildHost}" "rm \"${remoteWorkDir}\"/${sourceArchive##*/} \"${remoteWorkDir}/build-package.sh\""
-	${buildOK} && mkdir -p "RELEASE-${versionInNews}/${buildHost}"
-	${buildOK} && scp "${buildHost}:${remoteWorkDir}/*" "RELEASE-${versionInNews}/${buildHost}/"
-	# shellcheck disable=SC2029
-	ssh "${buildHost}" "rm -rf \"${remoteWorkDir}\""
-done
-
-find "RELEASE-${versionInNews}/" -type f -exec chmod 644 '{}' ';'
-find "RELEASE-${versionInNews}/" -type d -exec chmod 755 '{}' ';'
-
-status "Done"
-
-cat <<EOF
-
-Files are under: RELEASE-${versionInNews}/
-
-Still to do:
-  * Update the news and manual on the web site
-  * Update the version numbers on the web site
-  * Update the package index on the web site
-  * Create a new release in the repository, and apply the associated tag
-
-EOF
-
-exit 0
@@ -1,343 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Run "make check" from a source tarball, on a whole lab of VMs.
-#
-# The source tarball should contain a directory; this directory must contain
-# a "configure" script.  After running "configure", this script calls "make"
-# and then "make check", from a build subdirectory.
-#
-# Hostnames need to be listed on the command line after the tarball, or in
-# ~/.config/lab-hosts.  They need to be reachable over SSH with no password.
-#
-# Cross-compilation is performed if the hostname is of the form "x:y", where
-# "x" is a target like "arm-linux-gnueabi", and "y" is the name of a host of
-# that architecture.  The package is built locally with "--host=x" and the
-# result is copied to "y" and "make check" is run.
-#
-# Displays progress to the terminal and produces a tarball of results.  In
-# the results, the file "latest-status.txt" contains the last status
-# display, and there is a directory for each host.  The directories contain
-# SCW metrics files plus "output.log" (timestamped), "raw-output.log"
-# (without timestamps), "framework-output.log" (messages from this script),
-# and the "config.log", "test-suite.log", and "tests/" from the build area.
-#
-# Requires "scw" (https://www.ivarch.com/programs/scw.shtml).
-#
-# Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
-# License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
-#
-# Version: 0.0.1 / 16 Dec 2024
-
-# Number of tests to run in parallel on each host.
-concurrency="1"
-
-# Run a build and check, according to these environment variables:
-#
-#  sourceArchive       local source tarball path
-#  buildHost           where to build, or "" for local
-#  checkHost           where to test, or "" for local
-#  remoteBuildDir      temp directory for remote build or check
-#  localBuildDir       temp directory for local build
-#  configureArguments  extra "configure" script arguments
-#
-# Does not return - always exits.
-#
-# Expects to be run under SCW, so writes status to fd 3.
-#
-testRunner () {
-	printf '%s %s\n' 'notice' 'creating build area' >&3
-	if test -n "${buildHost}"; then
-		ssh "${buildHost}" mkdir "${remoteBuildDir}" || exit 1
-	else
-		mkdir "${localBuildDir}" || exit 1
-	fi
-	printf '%s %s\n' 'ok' 'created build area' >&3
-
-	if test -n "${checkHost}"; then
-		printf '%s %s\n' 'notice' 'creating check area' >&3
-		ssh "${checkHost}" mkdir "${remoteBuildDir}" || exit 1
-		printf '%s %s\n' 'ok' 'created check area' >&3
-	fi
-
-	printf '%s %s\n' 'notice' 'copying source archive' >&3
-	if test -n "${buildHost}"; then
-		scp "${sourceArchive}" "${buildHost}:${remoteBuildDir}/" || exit 1
-	elif test -n "${checkHost}"; then
-		scp "${sourceArchive}" "${checkHost}:${remoteBuildDir}/" || exit 1
-	fi
-	printf '%s %s\n' 'ok' 'source archive copied' >&3
-
-	printf '%s %s\n' 'notice' 'extracting source archive' >&3
-	if test -n "${buildHost}"; then
-		ssh "${buildHost}" tar xzf "${remoteBuildDir}/${sourceArchive##*/}" -C "${remoteBuildDir}" || exit $?
-	else
-		tar xzf "${sourceArchive}" -C "${localBuildDir}" || exit $?
-		ssh "${checkHost}" tar xzf "${remoteBuildDir}/${sourceArchive##*/}" -C "${remoteBuildDir}" || exit $?
-	fi
-	printf '%s %s\n' 'ok' 'source archive extracted' >&3
-
-	stepResult="ok"
-	if test -n "${buildHost}"; then
-		printf '%s %s\n' 'notice' 'configuring' >&3
-		ssh "${buildHost}" "cd \"${remoteBuildDir}\" && mkdir BUILD && cd BUILD && ../*/configure ${configureArguments}" || exit $?
-	else
-		printf '%s %s\n' 'notice' 'configuring locally' >&3
-		( cd "${localBuildDir}" && mkdir BUILD && cd BUILD && ../*/configure ${configureArguments} ) || exit $?
-		printf '%s %s\n' 'notice' "configuring on ${checkHost}" >&3
-		ssh "${checkHost}" "cd \"${remoteBuildDir}\" && mkdir BUILD && cd BUILD && ../*/configure" \
-		|| { stepResult="warning"; printf '%s %s\n' 'warning' "configuration failed on ${checkHost}" >&3; }
-	fi
-	printf '%s %s\n' "${stepResult}" 'configuration completed' >&3
-
-	printf '%s %s\n' 'notice' 'building' >&3
-	if test -n "${buildHost}"; then
-		ssh "${buildHost}" "cd \"${remoteBuildDir}/BUILD\" && make -j${concurrency}" || exit $?
-	else
-		make -j${concurrency} -C "${localBuildDir}/BUILD" || exit $?
-	fi
-	printf '%s %s\n' 'ok' 'build completed' >&3
-
-	if test -n "${buildHost}"; then
-		printf '%s %s\n' 'notice' 'testing' >&3
-		ssh "${buildHost}" "cd \"${remoteBuildDir}/BUILD\" && make -j${concurrency} check" || exit $?
-		printf '%s %s\n' 'ok' 'testing completed' >&3
-	elif test -n "${checkHost}"; then
-		printf '%s %s\n' 'notice' "transferring build to ${checkHost}" >&3
-		tar cvf "${localBuildDir}/build.tar" -C "${localBuildDir}" BUILD || exit $?
-		scp "${localBuildDir}/build.tar" "${checkHost}:${remoteBuildDir}/build.tar" || exit $?
-		ssh "${checkHost}" "tar xf \"${remoteBuildDir}/build.tar\" -C \"${remoteBuildDir}\"" || exit $?
-		printf '%s %s\n' 'ok' "transferred build to ${checkHost}" >&3
-		printf '%s %s\n' 'notice' "testing on ${checkHost}" >&3
-		ssh "${checkHost}" "cd \"${remoteBuildDir}/BUILD\" && make -j${concurrency} check-TESTS XCTEST=1" || exit $?
-		printf '%s %s\n' 'ok' 'testing completed' >&3
-	fi
-
-	exit 0
-}
-
-
-# Using directory $1 for metrics and output, run the remaining arguments as
-# a command using "scw" to capture metrics and record logs.
-#
-recordCommand () {
-	targetDir="$1"
-	shift
-	mkdir -p "${targetDir}"
-	scw -c /dev/null \
-	  -s UserConfigFile=/dev/null \
-	  -s ItemsDir=/dev/null \
-	  -s MetricsDir="${targetDir}" \
-	  -s CheckLockFile="${targetDir}/.widelock" \
-	  -s OutputMap= \
-	  -s OutputMap="OES stamped ${targetDir}/output.log" \
-	  -s OutputMap="OES raw ${targetDir}/raw-output.log" \
-	  -s Command="$*" \
-	  run item
-}
-
-if test "$1" = "--testRunner"; then
-	testRunner
-	exit 1
-fi
-
-labHosts="$(cat ~/.config/lab-hosts 2>/dev/null)"
-
-workDir=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-trap 'rm -rf "${workDir}"' EXIT
-
-sourceArchive="$1"
-shift
-hostList="$*"
-test -n "${hostList}" || hostList="${labHosts}"
-
-test -n "${sourceArchive}" || { echo "Usage: ${0##*/} TARBALL [HOST...]"; exit 1; }
-test -s "${sourceArchive}" || { echo "${sourceArchive}: not found"; exit 1; }
-
-attrBold="$(tput bold 2>/dev/null)"
-attrUnderline="$(tput smul 2>/dev/null)"
-attrRed="$(tput setaf 1 2>/dev/null)"
-attrGreen="$(tput setaf 2 2>/dev/null)"
-attrYellow="$(tput setaf 3 2>/dev/null)"
-attrBlue="$(tput setaf 4 2>/dev/null)"
-attrMagenta="$(tput setaf 5 2>/dev/null)"
-attrCyan="$(tput setaf 6 2>/dev/null)"
-attrWhite="$(tput setaf 7 2>/dev/null)"
-attrNone="$(tput sgr0 2>/dev/null)"
-
-dateStamp="$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M)"
-resultsArchive="result-${dateStamp}.tar.gz"
-
-startEpoch="$(date +%s)"
-
-
-for hostSpec in ${hostList}; do
-	localTestDir="${workDir}/${hostSpec}"
-	remoteBuildDir="test-${dateStamp}.$(date +%s).$$"
-	buildHost="${hostSpec}"
-	checkHost=""
-	configureArguments=""
-
-	xcFor="${hostSpec%:*}"
-	xcRunOn="${hostSpec#*:}"
-
-	if ! test "${xcFor}" = "${xcRunOn}"; then
-		localTestDir="${workDir}/${xcFor}-${xcRunOn}"
-		buildHost=""
-		checkHost="${xcRunOn}"
-		configureArguments="--host ${xcFor}"
-	fi
-
-	mkdir "${localTestDir}"
-	printf "%s\n" "${hostSpec}" > "${localTestDir}/hostSpec"
-
-	localBuildDir="${localTestDir}/XC"
-
-	(
-	flock -x 3
-
-	export sourceArchive buildHost checkHost remoteBuildDir localBuildDir configureArguments
-	recordCommand "${localTestDir}" "sh \"$0\" --testRunner" 3<&-
-
-	exec >>"${localTestDir}/output.log" 2>&1
-
-	printf '*** %s\n' 'retrieving build and test artefacts'
-	mkdir "${localTestDir}/tests"
-	if test -n "${buildHost}"; then
-		scp "${buildHost}:${remoteBuildDir}/BUILD/config.log" "${localTestDir}/"
-		scp "${buildHost}:${remoteBuildDir}/BUILD/test-suite.log" "${localTestDir}/"
-		scp "${buildHost}:${remoteBuildDir}/BUILD/tests/*" "${localTestDir}/tests/"
-	elif test -n "${checkHost}"; then
-		scp "${checkHost}:${remoteBuildDir}/BUILD/config.log" "${localTestDir}/"
-		scp "${checkHost}:${remoteBuildDir}/BUILD/test-suite.log" "${localTestDir}/"
-		scp "${checkHost}:${remoteBuildDir}/BUILD/tests/*" "${localTestDir}/tests/"
-	fi
-
-	printf '*** %s\n' 'removing build area'
-	rm -rf "${localBuildDir}"
-	if test -n "${buildHost}"; then
-		ssh "${buildHost}" rm -rf "${remoteBuildDir}"
-	elif test -n "${checkHost}"; then
-		ssh "${checkHost}" rm -rf "${remoteBuildDir}"
-	fi
-
-	printf '\n'
-
-	flock -u 3
-	) > "${localTestDir}/framework-output.log" 2>&1 3>>"${localTestDir}/active" &
-done
-
-sleep 0.1
-
-allTestHostDirs="$(find "${workDir}" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -name "[0-9A-Za-z_]*" -type d -printf "%f\n" | sort)"
-
-hostCount=0
-for testHostDir in ${allTestHostDirs}; do hostCount=$((1+hostCount)); done
-exitedCount=0
-overallStatus=""
-
-while test "${exitedCount}" -lt "${hostCount}"; do
-	width="$(tput cols 2>/dev/null)"
-	test -n "${width}" || width=80
-
-	currentEpoch="$(date +%s)"
-	elapsedSeconds=$((currentEpoch-startEpoch))
-
-	{
-	nameWidth=0
-	runningCount=0
-	failedCount=0
-	passedCount=0
-	exitedCount=0
-	overallStatus=""
-	for testHostDir in ${allTestHostDirs}; do
-		hostSpec="${testHostDir}"
-		{ read -r hostSpec < "${workDir}/${testHostDir}/hostSpec"; } 2>/dev/null
-		test "${#hostSpec}" -gt "${nameWidth}" && nameWidth="${#hostSpec}"
-
-		exec 3>>"${workDir}/${testHostDir}/active"
-		flock -x -n 3 && exitedCount=$((1+exitedCount))
-		exec 3<&-
-
-		test -e "${workDir}/${testHostDir}/ended" || runningCount=$((1+runningCount))
-		if test -e "${workDir}/${testHostDir}/failed"; then
-			overallStatus="FAIL"
-			failedCount=$((1+failedCount))
-		elif test -e "${workDir}/${testHostDir}/succeeded"; then
-			test -z "${overallStatus}" && overallStatus="PASS"
-			passedCount=$((1+passedCount))
-		fi
-	done
-	test -n "${overallStatus}" || overallStatus="----"
-
-	printf "%sT+%04d - %s%s\n\n" "${attrUnderline}" "${elapsedSeconds}" "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')" "${attrNone}"
-
-	for testHostDir in ${allTestHostDirs}; do
-		hostSpec="${testHostDir}"
-		{ read -r hostSpec < "${workDir}/${testHostDir}/hostSpec"; } 2>/dev/null
-
-		lastStatusWord="-"
-		lastStatusMessage="-"
-		{ read -r lastStatusWord lastStatusMessage < "${workDir}/${testHostDir}/last-status"; } 2>/dev/null
-
-		lastLine="-"
-		test -s "${workDir}/${testHostDir}/output.log" && lastLine="$(tail -n 1 "${workDir}/${testHostDir}/output.log" 2>/dev/null | expand)"
-
-		testResult="----"
-		test -e "${workDir}/${testHostDir}/failed" && testResult="FAIL"
-		test -e "${workDir}/${testHostDir}/succeeded" && testResult="PASS"
-
-		remainingWidth=$((width-nameWidth-20))
-		statusWidth=$((remainingWidth*2/3))
-		test "${statusWidth}" -gt 40 && statusWidth=40
-		lastLineWidth=$((remainingWidth-statusWidth))
-
-		printf " %s%${nameWidth}s%s " "${attrBold}${attrYellow}" "${hostSpec}" "${attrNone}"
-		case "${testResult}" in
-		"PASS") printf "%s%s%s" "${attrBold}${attrGreen}" "PASS" "${attrNone}" ;;
-		"FAIL") printf "%s%s%s" "${attrBold}${attrRed}" "FAIL" "${attrNone}" ;;
-		*) printf "%s" "----"
-		esac
-
-		case "${lastStatusWord}" in
-		"(begin)"|"begin")	printf " (%s%s%s)  " "${attrBold}${attrMagenta}" "begin" "${attrNone}" ;;
-		"(end)"|"end")		printf " (%s%s%s)    " "${attrBold}${attrMagenta}" "end" "${attrNone}" ;;
-		"(notice)"|"notice")	printf " (%s%s%s) " "${attrBold}${attrCyan}" "notice" "${attrNone}" ;;
-		"(ok)"|"ok")		printf " (%s%s%s)     " "${attrBold}${attrGreen}" "ok" "${attrNone}" ;;
-		"(warning)"|"warning")	printf " (%s%s%s)" "${attrBold}${attrYellow}" "warning" "${attrNone}" ;;
-		"(error)"|"error")	printf " (%s%s%s)  " "${attrBold}${attrRed}" "error" "${attrNone}" ;;
-		*)			printf "  %7s " ""; lastStatusMessage="${lastStatusWord} ${lastStatusMessage}" ;;
-		esac
-		printf " %s%-${statusWidth}.${statusWidth}s%s" "${attrWhite}" "${lastStatusMessage}" "${attrNone}"
-		printf " %s%-${lastLineWidth}.${lastLineWidth}s%s" "${attrBlue}" "${lastLine}" "${attrNone}"
-		printf "\n"
-	done
-
-	printf "\n%s%s%s " "${attrBold}" "Overall status:" "${attrNone}"
-	case "${overallStatus}" in
-	"PASS") printf "%s%s%s" "${attrBold}${attrGreen}" "PASS" "${attrNone}" ;;
-	"FAIL") printf "%s%s%s" "${attrBold}${attrRed}" "FAIL" "${attrNone}" ;;
-	*) printf "%s" "----"
-	esac
-
-	printf "    %s%s%s " "${attrBold}" "Running,Passed,Failed:" "${attrNone}"
-	printf "%sR%d%s" "${attrBold}${attrMagenta}" "${runningCount}" "${attrNone}"
-	printf ",%sP%d%s" "${attrBold}${attrGreen}" "${passedCount}" "${attrNone}"
-	printf ",%sF%d%s" "${attrBold}${attrRed}" "${failedCount}" "${attrNone}"
-	printf " = %d" "${hostCount}"
-	printf "\n\n"
-	} > "${workDir}/latest-status.txt"
-
-	cat "${workDir}/latest-status.txt"
-	sleep 1
-done
-
-endEpoch="$(date +%s)"
-elapsedSeconds=$((endEpoch-startEpoch))
-
-printf '%s\n' 'Generating results archive'
-tar czf "${resultsArchive}" -C "${workDir}" .
-
-printf '%s: %d%s\n' 'Total time taken' "${elapsedSeconds}" "s"
-printf '%s: %s\n' 'Results archive' "${resultsArchive}"
-
-test "${overallStatus}" = "PASS" || exit 1
@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ Makevars.template
 Rules-quot
 stamp-po
 *~
+Makefile.in.in
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 cs
 de
-es
+fi
 fr
+it
+ka
 pl
 pt
+ro
 ru
 tr
@@ -1,510 +0,0 @@
-# Makefile for PO directory in any package using GNU gettext.
-# Copyright (C) 1995-2000 Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-# Copyright (C) 2000-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-#
-# Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
-# are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
-# notice and this notice are preserved.  This file is offered as-is,
-# without any warranty.
-#
-# Origin: gettext-0.21
-GETTEXT_MACRO_VERSION = 0.20
-
-PACKAGE = @PACKAGE@
-VERSION = @VERSION@
-PACKAGE_BUGREPORT = @PACKAGE_BUGREPORT@
-
-SED = @SED@
-SHELL = /bin/sh
-@SET_MAKE@
-
-srcdir = @srcdir@
-top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
-VPATH = @srcdir@
-
-prefix = @prefix@
-exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
-datarootdir = @datarootdir@
-datadir = @datadir@
-localedir = @localedir@
-gettextsrcdir = $(datadir)/gettext/po
-
-INSTALL = @INSTALL@
-INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
-
-# We use $(mkdir_p).
-# In automake <= 1.9.x, $(mkdir_p) is defined either as "mkdir -p --" or as
-# "$(mkinstalldirs)" or as "$(install_sh) -d". For these automake versions,
-# @install_sh@ does not start with $(SHELL), so we add it.
-# In automake >= 1.10, @mkdir_p@ is derived from ${MKDIR_P}, which is defined
-# either as "/path/to/mkdir -p" or ".../install-sh -c -d". For these automake
-# versions, $(mkinstalldirs) and $(install_sh) are unused.
-mkinstalldirs = $(SHELL) @install_sh@ -d
-install_sh = $(SHELL) @install_sh@
-MKDIR_P = @MKDIR_P@
-mkdir_p = @mkdir_p@
-
-# When building gettext-tools, we prefer to use the built programs
-# rather than installed programs.  However, we can't do that when we
-# are cross compiling.
-CROSS_COMPILING = @CROSS_COMPILING@
-
-GMSGFMT_ = @GMSGFMT@
-GMSGFMT_no = @GMSGFMT@
-GMSGFMT_yes = @GMSGFMT_015@
-GMSGFMT = $(GMSGFMT_$(USE_MSGCTXT))
-XGETTEXT_ = @XGETTEXT@
-XGETTEXT_no = @XGETTEXT@
-XGETTEXT_yes = @XGETTEXT_015@
-XGETTEXT = $(XGETTEXT_$(USE_MSGCTXT))
-MSGMERGE = @MSGMERGE@
-MSGMERGE_UPDATE = @MSGMERGE@ --update
-MSGMERGE_FOR_MSGFMT_OPTION = @MSGMERGE_FOR_MSGFMT_OPTION@
-MSGINIT = msginit
-MSGCONV = msgconv
-MSGFILTER = msgfilter
-
-POFILES = @POFILES@
-GMOFILES = @GMOFILES@
-UPDATEPOFILES = @UPDATEPOFILES@
-DUMMYPOFILES = @DUMMYPOFILES@
-DISTFILES.common = Makefile.in.in remove-potcdate.sin \
-$(DISTFILES.common.extra1) $(DISTFILES.common.extra2) $(DISTFILES.common.extra3)
-DISTFILES = $(DISTFILES.common) Makevars POTFILES.in \
-$(POFILES) $(GMOFILES) \
-$(DISTFILES.extra1) $(DISTFILES.extra2) $(DISTFILES.extra3)
-
-POTFILES = \
-
-CATALOGS = @CATALOGS@
-
-POFILESDEPS_ = $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot
-POFILESDEPS_yes = $(POFILESDEPS_)
-POFILESDEPS_no =
-POFILESDEPS = $(POFILESDEPS_$(PO_DEPENDS_ON_POT))
-
-DISTFILESDEPS_ = update-po
-DISTFILESDEPS_yes = $(DISTFILESDEPS_)
-DISTFILESDEPS_no =
-DISTFILESDEPS = $(DISTFILESDEPS_$(DIST_DEPENDS_ON_UPDATE_PO))
-
-# Makevars gets inserted here. (Don't remove this line!)
-
-all: all-@USE_NLS@
-
-
-.SUFFIXES:
-.SUFFIXES: .po .gmo .sed .sin .nop .po-create .po-update
-
-# The .pot file, stamp-po, .po files, and .gmo files appear in release tarballs.
-# The GNU Coding Standards say in
-# <https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/html_node/Makefile-Basics.html>:
-#   "GNU distributions usually contain some files which are not source files
-#    ... . Since these files normally appear in the source directory, they
-#    should always appear in the source directory, not in the build directory.
-#    So Makefile rules to update them should put the updated files in the
-#    source directory."
-# Therefore we put these files in the source directory, not the build directory.
-
-# During .po -> .gmo conversion, take into account the most recent changes to
-# the .pot file. This eliminates the need to update the .po files when the
-# .pot file has changed, which would be troublesome if the .po files are put
-# under version control.
-$(GMOFILES): $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot
-.po.gmo:
-	@lang=`echo $* | sed -e 's,.*/,,'`; \
-	test "$(srcdir)" = . && cdcmd="" || cdcmd="cd $(srcdir) && "; \
-	echo "$${cdcmd}rm -f $${lang}.gmo && $(MSGMERGE) $(MSGMERGE_FOR_MSGFMT_OPTION) -o $${lang}.1po $${lang}.po $(DOMAIN).pot && $(GMSGFMT) -c --statistics --verbose -o $${lang}.gmo $${lang}.1po && rm -f $${lang}.1po"; \
-	cd $(srcdir) && \
-	rm -f $${lang}.gmo && \
-	$(MSGMERGE) $(MSGMERGE_FOR_MSGFMT_OPTION) -o $${lang}.1po $${lang}.po $(DOMAIN).pot && \
-	$(GMSGFMT) -c --statistics --verbose -o t-$${lang}.gmo $${lang}.1po && \
-	mv t-$${lang}.gmo $${lang}.gmo && \
-	rm -f $${lang}.1po
-
-.sin.sed:
-	sed -e '/^#/d' $< > t-$@
-	mv t-$@ $@
-
-
-all-yes: $(srcdir)/stamp-po
-all-no:
-
-# Ensure that the gettext macros and this Makefile.in.in are in sync.
-CHECK_MACRO_VERSION = \
-	test "$(GETTEXT_MACRO_VERSION)" = "@GETTEXT_MACRO_VERSION@" \
-	  || { echo "*** error: gettext infrastructure mismatch: using a Makefile.in.in from gettext version $(GETTEXT_MACRO_VERSION) but the autoconf macros are from gettext version @GETTEXT_MACRO_VERSION@" 1>&2; \
-	       exit 1; \
-	     }
-
-# $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot is only created when needed. When xgettext finds no
-# internationalized messages, no $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot is created (because
-# we don't want to bother translators with empty POT files). We assume that
-# LINGUAS is empty in this case, i.e. $(POFILES) and $(GMOFILES) are empty.
-# In this case, $(srcdir)/stamp-po is a nop (i.e. a phony target).
-
-# $(srcdir)/stamp-po is a timestamp denoting the last time at which the CATALOGS
-# have been loosely updated. Its purpose is that when a developer or translator
-# checks out the package from a version control system, and the $(DOMAIN).pot
-# file is not under version control, "make" will update the $(DOMAIN).pot and
-# the $(CATALOGS), but subsequent invocations of "make" will do nothing. This
-# timestamp would not be necessary if updating the $(CATALOGS) would always
-# touch them; however, the rule for $(POFILES) has been designed to not touch
-# files that don't need to be changed.
-$(srcdir)/stamp-po: $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot
-	@$(CHECK_MACRO_VERSION)
-	test ! -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot || \
-	  test -z "$(GMOFILES)" || $(MAKE) $(GMOFILES)
-	@test ! -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot || { \
-	  echo "touch $(srcdir)/stamp-po" && \
-	  echo timestamp > $(srcdir)/stamp-poT && \
-	  mv $(srcdir)/stamp-poT $(srcdir)/stamp-po; \
-	}
-
-# Note: Target 'all' must not depend on target '$(DOMAIN).pot-update',
-# otherwise packages like GCC can not be built if only parts of the source
-# have been downloaded.
-
-# This target rebuilds $(DOMAIN).pot; it is an expensive operation.
-# Note that $(DOMAIN).pot is not touched if it doesn't need to be changed.
-# The determination of whether the package xyz is a GNU one is based on the
-# heuristic whether some file in the top level directory mentions "GNU xyz".
-# If GNU 'find' is available, we avoid grepping through monster files.
-$(DOMAIN).pot-update: $(POTFILES) $(srcdir)/POTFILES.in remove-potcdate.sed
-	package_gnu="$(PACKAGE_GNU)"; \
-	test -n "$$package_gnu" || { \
-	  if { if (LC_ALL=C find --version) 2>/dev/null | grep GNU >/dev/null; then \
-	         LC_ALL=C find -L $(top_srcdir) -maxdepth 1 -type f -size -10000000c -exec grep -i 'GNU @PACKAGE@' /dev/null '{}' ';' 2>/dev/null; \
-	       else \
-	         LC_ALL=C grep -i 'GNU @PACKAGE@' $(top_srcdir)/* 2>/dev/null; \
-	       fi; \
-	     } | grep -v 'libtool:' >/dev/null; then \
-	     package_gnu=yes; \
-	   else \
-	     package_gnu=no; \
-	   fi; \
-	}; \
-	if test "$$package_gnu" = "yes"; then \
-	  package_prefix='GNU '; \
-	else \
-	  package_prefix=''; \
-	fi; \
-	if test -n '$(MSGID_BUGS_ADDRESS)' || test '$(PACKAGE_BUGREPORT)' = '@'PACKAGE_BUGREPORT'@'; then \
-	  msgid_bugs_address='$(MSGID_BUGS_ADDRESS)'; \
-	else \
-	  msgid_bugs_address='$(PACKAGE_BUGREPORT)'; \
-	fi; \
-	case `$(XGETTEXT) --version | sed 1q | sed -e 's,^[^0-9]*,,'` in \
-	  '' | 0.[0-9] | 0.[0-9].* | 0.1[0-5] | 0.1[0-5].* | 0.16 | 0.16.[0-1]*) \
-	    $(XGETTEXT) --default-domain=$(DOMAIN) --directory=$(top_srcdir) \
-	      --add-comments=TRANSLATORS: \
-	      --files-from=$(srcdir)/POTFILES.in \
-	      --copyright-holder='$(COPYRIGHT_HOLDER)' \
-	      --msgid-bugs-address="$$msgid_bugs_address" \
-	      $(XGETTEXT_OPTIONS) @XGETTEXT_EXTRA_OPTIONS@ \
-	    ;; \
-	  *) \
-	    $(XGETTEXT) --default-domain=$(DOMAIN) --directory=$(top_srcdir) \
-	      --add-comments=TRANSLATORS: \
-	      --files-from=$(srcdir)/POTFILES.in \
-	      --copyright-holder='$(COPYRIGHT_HOLDER)' \
-	      --package-name="$${package_prefix}@PACKAGE@" \
-	      --package-version='@VERSION@' \
-	      --msgid-bugs-address="$$msgid_bugs_address" \
-	      $(XGETTEXT_OPTIONS) @XGETTEXT_EXTRA_OPTIONS@ \
-	    ;; \
-	esac
-	test ! -f $(DOMAIN).po || { \
-	  if test -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot-header; then \
-	    sed -e '1,/^#$$/d' < $(DOMAIN).po > $(DOMAIN).1po && \
-	    cat $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot-header $(DOMAIN).1po > $(DOMAIN).po && \
-	    rm -f $(DOMAIN).1po \
-	    || exit 1; \
-	  fi; \
-	  if test -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot; then \
-	    sed -f remove-potcdate.sed < $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot > $(DOMAIN).1po && \
-	    sed -f remove-potcdate.sed < $(DOMAIN).po > $(DOMAIN).2po && \
-	    if cmp $(DOMAIN).1po $(DOMAIN).2po >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
-	      rm -f $(DOMAIN).1po $(DOMAIN).2po $(DOMAIN).po; \
-	    else \
-	      rm -f $(DOMAIN).1po $(DOMAIN).2po $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot && \
-	      mv $(DOMAIN).po $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot; \
-	    fi; \
-	  else \
-	    mv $(DOMAIN).po $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot; \
-	  fi; \
-	}
-
-# This rule has no dependencies: we don't need to update $(DOMAIN).pot at
-# every "make" invocation, only create it when it is missing.
-# Only "make $(DOMAIN).pot-update" or "make dist" will force an update.
-$(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot:
-	$(MAKE) $(DOMAIN).pot-update
-
-# This target rebuilds a PO file if $(DOMAIN).pot has changed.
-# Note that a PO file is not touched if it doesn't need to be changed.
-$(POFILES): $(POFILESDEPS)
-	@test -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot || $(MAKE) $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot
-	@lang=`echo $@ | sed -e 's,.*/,,' -e 's/\.po$$//'`; \
-	if test -f "$(srcdir)/$${lang}.po"; then \
-	  test "$(srcdir)" = . && cdcmd="" || cdcmd="cd $(srcdir) && "; \
-	  echo "$${cdcmd}$(MSGMERGE_UPDATE) $(MSGMERGE_OPTIONS) --lang=$${lang} --previous $${lang}.po $(DOMAIN).pot"; \
-	  cd $(srcdir) \
-	    && { case `$(MSGMERGE_UPDATE) --version | sed 1q | sed -e 's,^[^0-9]*,,'` in \
-	           '' | 0.[0-9] | 0.[0-9].* | 0.1[0-5] | 0.1[0-5].*) \
-	             $(MSGMERGE_UPDATE) $(MSGMERGE_OPTIONS) $${lang}.po $(DOMAIN).pot;; \
-	           0.1[6-7] | 0.1[6-7].*) \
-	             $(MSGMERGE_UPDATE) $(MSGMERGE_OPTIONS) --previous $${lang}.po $(DOMAIN).pot;; \
-	           *) \
-	             $(MSGMERGE_UPDATE) $(MSGMERGE_OPTIONS) --lang=$${lang} --previous $${lang}.po $(DOMAIN).pot;; \
-	         esac; \
-	       }; \
-	else \
-	  $(MAKE) $${lang}.po-create; \
-	fi
-
-
-install: install-exec install-data
-install-exec:
-install-data: install-data-@USE_NLS@
-	if test "$(PACKAGE)" = "gettext-tools"; then \
-	  $(mkdir_p) $(DESTDIR)$(gettextsrcdir); \
-	  for file in $(DISTFILES.common) Makevars.template; do \
-	    $(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/$$file \
-			    $(DESTDIR)$(gettextsrcdir)/$$file; \
-	  done; \
-	  for file in Makevars; do \
-	    rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(gettextsrcdir)/$$file; \
-	  done; \
-	else \
-	  : ; \
-	fi
-install-data-no: all
-install-data-yes: all
-	@catalogs='$(CATALOGS)'; \
-	for cat in $$catalogs; do \
-	  cat=`basename $$cat`; \
-	  lang=`echo $$cat | sed -e 's/\.gmo$$//'`; \
-	  dir=$(localedir)/$$lang/LC_MESSAGES; \
-	  $(mkdir_p) $(DESTDIR)$$dir; \
-	  if test -r $$cat; then realcat=$$cat; else realcat=$(srcdir)/$$cat; fi; \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$realcat $(DESTDIR)$$dir/$(DOMAIN).mo; \
-	  echo "installing $$realcat as $(DESTDIR)$$dir/$(DOMAIN).mo"; \
-	  for lc in '' $(EXTRA_LOCALE_CATEGORIES); do \
-	    if test -n "$$lc"; then \
-	      if (cd $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang && LC_ALL=C ls -l -d $$lc 2>/dev/null) | grep ' -> ' >/dev/null; then \
-	        link=`cd $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang && LC_ALL=C ls -l -d $$lc | sed -e 's/^.* -> //'`; \
-	        mv $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc.old; \
-	        mkdir $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc; \
-	        (cd $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc.old && \
-	         for file in *; do \
-	           if test -f $$file; then \
-	             ln -s ../$$link/$$file $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc/$$file; \
-	           fi; \
-	         done); \
-	        rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc.old; \
-	      else \
-	        if test -d $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc; then \
-	          :; \
-	        else \
-	          rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc; \
-	          mkdir $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc; \
-	        fi; \
-	      fi; \
-	      rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc/$(DOMAIN).mo; \
-	      ln -s ../LC_MESSAGES/$(DOMAIN).mo $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc/$(DOMAIN).mo 2>/dev/null || \
-	      ln $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/LC_MESSAGES/$(DOMAIN).mo $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc/$(DOMAIN).mo 2>/dev/null || \
-	      cp -p $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/LC_MESSAGES/$(DOMAIN).mo $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc/$(DOMAIN).mo; \
-	      echo "installing $$realcat link as $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc/$(DOMAIN).mo"; \
-	    fi; \
-	  done; \
-	done
-
-install-strip: install
-
-installdirs: installdirs-exec installdirs-data
-installdirs-exec:
-installdirs-data: installdirs-data-@USE_NLS@
-	if test "$(PACKAGE)" = "gettext-tools"; then \
-	  $(mkdir_p) $(DESTDIR)$(gettextsrcdir); \
-	else \
-	  : ; \
-	fi
-installdirs-data-no:
-installdirs-data-yes:
-	@catalogs='$(CATALOGS)'; \
-	for cat in $$catalogs; do \
-	  cat=`basename $$cat`; \
-	  lang=`echo $$cat | sed -e 's/\.gmo$$//'`; \
-	  dir=$(localedir)/$$lang/LC_MESSAGES; \
-	  $(mkdir_p) $(DESTDIR)$$dir; \
-	  for lc in '' $(EXTRA_LOCALE_CATEGORIES); do \
-	    if test -n "$$lc"; then \
-	      if (cd $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang && LC_ALL=C ls -l -d $$lc 2>/dev/null) | grep ' -> ' >/dev/null; then \
-	        link=`cd $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang && LC_ALL=C ls -l -d $$lc | sed -e 's/^.* -> //'`; \
-	        mv $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc.old; \
-	        mkdir $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc; \
-	        (cd $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc.old && \
-	         for file in *; do \
-	           if test -f $$file; then \
-	             ln -s ../$$link/$$file $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc/$$file; \
-	           fi; \
-	         done); \
-	        rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc.old; \
-	      else \
-	        if test -d $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc; then \
-	          :; \
-	        else \
-	          rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc; \
-	          mkdir $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc; \
-	        fi; \
-	      fi; \
-	    fi; \
-	  done; \
-	done
-
-# Define this as empty until I found a useful application.
-installcheck:
-
-uninstall: uninstall-exec uninstall-data
-uninstall-exec:
-uninstall-data: uninstall-data-@USE_NLS@
-	if test "$(PACKAGE)" = "gettext-tools"; then \
-	  for file in $(DISTFILES.common) Makevars.template; do \
-	    rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(gettextsrcdir)/$$file; \
-	  done; \
-	else \
-	  : ; \
-	fi
-uninstall-data-no:
-uninstall-data-yes:
-	catalogs='$(CATALOGS)'; \
-	for cat in $$catalogs; do \
-	  cat=`basename $$cat`; \
-	  lang=`echo $$cat | sed -e 's/\.gmo$$//'`; \
-	  for lc in LC_MESSAGES $(EXTRA_LOCALE_CATEGORIES); do \
-	    rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(localedir)/$$lang/$$lc/$(DOMAIN).mo; \
-	  done; \
-	done
-
-check: all
-
-info dvi ps pdf html tags TAGS ctags CTAGS ID:
-
-install-dvi install-ps install-pdf install-html:
-
-mostlyclean:
-	rm -f remove-potcdate.sed
-	rm -f $(srcdir)/stamp-poT
-	rm -f core core.* $(DOMAIN).po $(DOMAIN).1po $(DOMAIN).2po *.new.po
-	rm -fr *.o
-
-clean: mostlyclean
-
-distclean: clean
-	rm -f Makefile Makefile.in POTFILES
-
-maintainer-clean: distclean
-	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use;"
-	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
-	rm -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot $(srcdir)/stamp-po $(GMOFILES)
-
-distdir = $(top_builddir)/$(PACKAGE)-$(VERSION)/$(subdir)
-dist distdir:
-	test -z "$(DISTFILESDEPS)" || $(MAKE) $(DISTFILESDEPS)
-	@$(MAKE) dist2
-# This is a separate target because 'update-po' must be executed before.
-dist2: $(srcdir)/stamp-po $(DISTFILES)
-	@dists="$(DISTFILES)"; \
-	if test "$(PACKAGE)" = "gettext-tools"; then \
-	  dists="$$dists Makevars.template"; \
-	fi; \
-	if test -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot; then \
-	  dists="$$dists $(DOMAIN).pot stamp-po"; \
-	else \
-	  case $(XGETTEXT) in \
-	    :) echo "Warning: Creating a tarball without '$(DOMAIN).pot', because a suitable 'xgettext' program was not found in PATH." 1>&2;; \
-	    *) echo "Warning: Creating a tarball without '$(DOMAIN).pot', because 'xgettext' found no strings to extract. Check the contents of the POTFILES.in file and the XGETTEXT_OPTIONS in the Makevars file." 1>&2;; \
-	  esac; \
-	fi; \
-	if test -f $(srcdir)/ChangeLog; then \
-	  dists="$$dists ChangeLog"; \
-	fi; \
-	for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9; do \
-	  if test -f $(srcdir)/ChangeLog.$$i; then \
-	    dists="$$dists ChangeLog.$$i"; \
-	  fi; \
-	done; \
-	if test -f $(srcdir)/LINGUAS; then dists="$$dists LINGUAS"; fi; \
-	for file in $$dists; do \
-	  if test -f $$file; then \
-	    cp -p $$file $(distdir) || exit 1; \
-	  else \
-	    cp -p $(srcdir)/$$file $(distdir) || exit 1; \
-	  fi; \
-	done
-
-update-po: Makefile
-	$(MAKE) $(DOMAIN).pot-update
-	test -z "$(UPDATEPOFILES)" || $(MAKE) $(UPDATEPOFILES)
-	$(MAKE) update-gmo
-
-# General rule for creating PO files.
-
-.nop.po-create:
-	@lang=`echo $@ | sed -e 's/\.po-create$$//'`; \
-	echo "File $$lang.po does not exist. If you are a translator, you can create it through 'msginit'." 1>&2; \
-	exit 1
-
-# General rule for updating PO files.
-
-.nop.po-update:
-	@lang=`echo $@ | sed -e 's/\.po-update$$//'`; \
-	if test "$(PACKAGE)" = "gettext-tools" && test "$(CROSS_COMPILING)" != "yes"; then PATH=`pwd`/../src:$$PATH; fi; \
-	tmpdir=`pwd`; \
-	echo "$$lang:"; \
-	test "$(srcdir)" = . && cdcmd="" || cdcmd="cd $(srcdir) && "; \
-	echo "$${cdcmd}$(MSGMERGE) $(MSGMERGE_OPTIONS) --lang=$$lang --previous $$lang.po $(DOMAIN).pot -o $$lang.new.po"; \
-	cd $(srcdir); \
-	if { case `$(MSGMERGE) --version | sed 1q | sed -e 's,^[^0-9]*,,'` in \
-	       '' | 0.[0-9] | 0.[0-9].* | 0.1[0-5] | 0.1[0-5].*) \
-	         $(MSGMERGE) $(MSGMERGE_OPTIONS) -o $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po $$lang.po $(DOMAIN).pot;; \
-	       0.1[6-7] | 0.1[6-7].*) \
-	         $(MSGMERGE) $(MSGMERGE_OPTIONS) --previous -o $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po $$lang.po $(DOMAIN).pot;; \
-	       *) \
-	         $(MSGMERGE) $(MSGMERGE_OPTIONS) --lang=$$lang --previous -o $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po $$lang.po $(DOMAIN).pot;; \
-	     esac; \
-	   }; then \
-	  if cmp $$lang.po $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
-	    rm -f $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po; \
-	  else \
-	    if mv -f $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po $$lang.po; then \
-	      :; \
-	    else \
-	      echo "msgmerge for $$lang.po failed: cannot move $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po to $$lang.po" 1>&2; \
-	      exit 1; \
-	    fi; \
-	  fi; \
-	else \
-	  echo "msgmerge for $$lang.po failed!" 1>&2; \
-	  rm -f $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po; \
-	fi
-
-$(DUMMYPOFILES):
-
-update-gmo: Makefile $(GMOFILES)
-	@:
-
-# Recreate Makefile by invoking config.status. Explicitly invoke the shell,
-# because execution permission bits may not work on the current file system.
-# Use @SHELL@, which is the shell determined by autoconf for the use by its
-# scripts, not $(SHELL) which is hardwired to /bin/sh and may be deficient.
-Makefile: Makefile.in.in Makevars $(top_builddir)/config.status @POMAKEFILEDEPS@
-	cd $(top_builddir) \
-	  && @SHELL@ ./config.status $(subdir)/$@.in po-directories
-
-force:
-
-# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make not to export all variables.
-# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
-.NOEXPORT:
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ src/main/debug.c
 src/main/help.c
 src/main/main.c
 src/main/options.c
-src/main/remote.c
 src/main/version.c
 src/pv/calc.c
 src/pv/cursor.c
@@ -20,11 +19,13 @@ src/pv/format/name.c
 src/pv/format/previousline.c
 src/pv/format/progressbar.c
 src/pv/format/rate.c
+src/pv/format/ratio.c
 src/pv/format/sgr.c
 src/pv/format/timer.c
 src/pv/loop.c
 src/pv/number.c
 src/pv/proctitle.c
+src/pv/remote.c
 src/pv/signal.c
 src/pv/state.c
 src/pv/string.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pv@ivarch.com\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-28 21:21+0000\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-08-01 14:53+0100\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2024-10-13 20:43+0000\n"
 "Last-Translator: mmatous <mmatous@users.noreply.translate.codeberg.org>\n"
 "Language-Team: Czech <https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/pv/pv/cs/>\n"
@@ -12,342 +12,353 @@ msgstr ""
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n==1) ? 0 : (n>=2 && n<=4) ? 1 : 2;\n"
 "X-Generator: Weblate 5.7.2\n"

-#: src/main/help.c:236
+#: src/main/help.c:300
 msgid "show progress bar"
 msgstr "ukaž indikátor průběhu"

-#: src/main/help.c:239
+#: src/main/help.c:303
 msgid "show elapsed time"
 msgstr "ukaž uběhlý čas"

-#: src/main/help.c:242
+#: src/main/help.c:306
 msgid "show estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "ukaž přibližný zbývající čas"

-#: src/main/help.c:245
+#: src/main/help.c:309
 msgid "show absolute estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "ukaž přibližný čas dokončení"

-#: src/main/help.c:248
+#: src/main/help.c:312
 msgid "show data transfer rate counter"
 msgstr "ukaž okamžitou rychlost přenosu dat"

-#: src/main/help.c:251
+#: src/main/help.c:315
 msgid "show data transfer average rate counter"
 msgstr "ukaž průměrnou rychlost přenosu dat"

-#: src/main/help.c:254
+#: src/main/help.c:318
 msgid "show number of bytes transferred"
 msgstr "ukaž počet přenesených bajtů"

-#: src/main/help.c:257
+#: src/main/help.c:321
 msgid "show percentage of transfer buffer in use"
 msgstr "ukaž procento využité vyrovnávací paměti"

-#: src/main/help.c:259
+#: src/main/help.c:323
 msgid "NUM"
 msgstr "ČÍS"

-#: src/main/help.c:260
+#: src/main/help.c:324
 msgid "show NUM bytes last written"
 msgstr "zobraz ČÍS posledních zapsaných bajtů"

-#: src/main/help.c:262
+#: src/main/help.c:326
 msgid "FORMAT"
 msgstr "FORMÁT"

-#: src/main/help.c:263
+#: src/main/help.c:327
 msgid "set output format to FORMAT"
 msgstr "nastav formát výstupu na FORMÁT"

-#: src/main/help.c:266
+#: src/main/help.c:330
 msgid "output percentages, not visual information"
 msgstr "vypisuj procenta, ne vizuální informace"

-#: src/main/help.c:269
+#: src/main/help.c:333
 msgid "do not output any transfer information at all"
 msgstr "nevypisuj žádné informace o přenosu"

-#: src/main/help.c:273
+#: src/main/help.c:337
 msgid "show number of bits transferred"
 msgstr "ukaž počet přenesených bitů"

-#: src/main/help.c:276
+#: src/main/help.c:340
 msgid "treat suffixes as multiples of 1000 rather than 1024"
 msgstr "zacházej se suffixy jako s násobky 1000 namísto 1024"

-#: src/main/help.c:279
+#: src/main/help.c:343
 msgid "display nothing until first byte transferred"
 msgstr "nic nevypisuj, dokud není přenesen první byte"

-#: src/main/help.c:281 src/main/help.c:296 src/main/help.c:299
+#: src/main/help.c:345 src/main/help.c:360 src/main/help.c:363
 msgid "SEC"
 msgstr "SEK"

-#: src/main/help.c:282
+#: src/main/help.c:346
 msgid "display nothing until SEC seconds have passed"
 msgstr "nic nevypisuj, dokud neuplyne SEK sekund"

-#: src/main/help.c:284
+#: src/main/help.c:348
 msgid "SIZE"
 msgstr "VEL"

-#: src/main/help.c:285
+#: src/main/help.c:349
 msgid "set estimated data size to SIZE bytes"
 msgstr "nastav očekávanou velikost dat na VEL bajtů"

-#: src/main/help.c:288
+#: src/main/help.c:352
 msgid "if size unknown, show rate vs max rate"
 msgstr "pokud je velikost neznámá, ukaž rychlost vs maximální rychlost"

-#: src/main/help.c:291
+#: src/main/help.c:355
 msgid "count lines instead of bytes"
 msgstr "počítej řádky místo bajtů"

-#: src/main/help.c:294
+#: src/main/help.c:358
 msgid "lines are null-terminated"
 msgstr "řádky jsou zakončené nulovým znakem"

-#: src/main/help.c:297
+#: src/main/help.c:361
 msgid "update every SEC seconds"
 msgstr "aktualizuj každých SEK sekund"

-#: src/main/help.c:300
+#: src/main/help.c:364
 msgid "compute average rate over past SEC seconds (default 30s)"
 msgstr "počítej průměrnou rychlost za posledních SEK sekund (výchozí: 30)"

-#: src/main/help.c:302
+#: src/main/help.c:366
 msgid "WIDTH"
 msgstr "ŠÍŘ"

-#: src/main/help.c:303
+#: src/main/help.c:367
 msgid "assume terminal is WIDTH characters wide"
 msgstr "předpokládej šířku terminálu ŠÍŘ znaků"

-#: src/main/help.c:305
+#: src/main/help.c:369
 msgid "HEIGHT"
 msgstr "VÝŠ"

-#: src/main/help.c:306
+#: src/main/help.c:370
 msgid "assume terminal is HEIGHT rows high"
 msgstr "předpokládej výšku terminálu VÝŠ znaků"

-#: src/main/help.c:308
+#: src/main/help.c:372
 msgid "NAME"
 msgstr "JMÉNO"

-#: src/main/help.c:309
+#: src/main/help.c:373
 msgid "prefix visual information with NAME"
 msgstr "přidej JMÉNO před vizuální informace"

-#: src/main/help.c:311
+#: src/main/help.c:375
 msgid "STYLE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:312
-msgid "set default bar style to NAME"
+#: src/main/help.c:376
+msgid "set default bar style to STYLE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:314
+#: src/main/help.c:378
 msgid "SPEC"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:315
+#: src/main/help.c:379
 msgid "also send progress to SPEC"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:318
+#: src/main/help.c:382
+msgid "set terminal progress state with OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:385
 msgid "output transfer statistics at the end"
 msgstr "po dokončení vypiš údaje o přenosu"

-#: src/main/help.c:321
+#: src/main/help.c:388
 msgid "output even if standard error is not a terminal"
 msgstr "vypisuj výstup i pokud standardní chybový výstup není terminál"

-#: src/main/help.c:324
+#: src/main/help.c:391
 msgid "use cursor positioning escape sequences"
 msgstr "pozicuj kurzor pomocí řídících znaků"

-#: src/main/help.c:327 src/main/help.c:357 src/main/help.c:369
-#: src/main/help.c:379
+#: src/main/help.c:394 src/main/help.c:430 src/main/help.c:449
+#: src/main/help.c:459
 msgid "FILE"
 msgstr "SOUBOR"

-#: src/main/help.c:328
+#: src/main/help.c:395
 msgid "write output to FILE instead of stdout"
 msgstr "zapiš výstup do SOUBORu namísto standardního výstupu"

-#: src/main/help.c:330
+#: src/main/help.c:397
 msgid "RATE"
 msgstr "RYCH"

-#: src/main/help.c:331
+#: src/main/help.c:398
 msgid "limit transfer to RATE bytes per second"
 msgstr "omez přenosovou rychlost na RYCH bajtů za sekundu"

-#: src/main/help.c:333 src/main/help.c:342
+#: src/main/help.c:400 src/main/help.c:406 src/main/help.c:412
 msgid "BYTES"
 msgstr "BAJT"

-#: src/main/help.c:334
+#: src/main/help.c:401
 msgid "use a buffer size of BYTES"
 msgstr "použij vyrovnávací pamět BAJT bajtů"

-#: src/main/help.c:337
+#: src/main/help.c:404
 msgid "never use splice(), always use read/write"
 msgstr "nepoužívej splice(), vždy použij read/write"

-#: src/main/help.c:340
+#: src/main/help.c:407
+msgid "set the pipe buffer size to BYTES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:410
 msgid "skip read errors in input"
 msgstr "ignoruj chyby při čtení vstupu"

-#: src/main/help.c:343
+#: src/main/help.c:413
 msgid "skip errors in BYTES blocks at a time"
 msgstr "přeskakuj chyby v blocích BAJTů naráz"

-#: src/main/help.c:346
+#: src/main/help.c:416
 msgid "stop after --size bytes have been transferred"
 msgstr "zastav po přenosu --size bajtů"

-#: src/main/help.c:349
+#: src/main/help.c:419
 msgid "flush cache to disk after every write"
 msgstr "po každém zápisu vyprázdni cache na disk"

-#: src/main/help.c:352
+#: src/main/help.c:422
 msgid "use direct I/O to bypass cache"
 msgstr "použij přímý V/V k obejítí cache"

-#: src/main/help.c:355
+#: src/main/help.c:425
+msgid "try to seek instead of writing null bytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:428
 msgid "discard input instead of writing to output"
 msgstr "zahoď vstup namísto zápisu na výstup"

-#: src/main/help.c:358
+#: src/main/help.c:431
 msgid "write all input to FILE before writing to output"
 msgstr "zapiš veškerý vstup do SOUBORu před výpisem na výstup"

-#: src/main/help.c:360
-msgid "PID[:FD]"
-msgstr "PID[:DS]"
+#: src/main/help.c:434
+msgid "PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTFILE"
+msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:361
+#: src/main/help.c:435
 msgid "watch file FD opened by process PID"
 msgstr "sleduj soubor DS otevřený procesem PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:364
+#: src/main/help.c:438 src/main/help.c:441
 msgid "PID"
 msgstr "PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:365
+#: src/main/help.c:439
 msgid "update settings of process PID"
 msgstr "aktualizuj nastavení procesu PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:370
+#: src/main/help.c:442
+msgid "show progress of process PID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:446
+msgid "run a command and monitor its standard input, output, or both"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:450
 msgid "save process ID in FILE"
 msgstr "ulož id procesu do SOUBORu"

-#: src/main/help.c:373
+#: src/main/help.c:453
 msgid "show this help and exit"
 msgstr "ukaž pomoc a skonči"

-#: src/main/help.c:376
+#: src/main/help.c:456
 msgid "show version information and exit"
 msgstr "ukaž informace o verzi a skonči"

-#: src/main/help.c:380
+#: src/main/help.c:460
 msgid "write debug logs to FILE"
 msgstr "zapiš ladící záznamy do SOUBORu"

-#: src/main/help.c:406
+#: src/main/help.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]..."
 msgstr "Použití: %s [VOLBY] [SOUBOR]..."

-#: src/main/help.c:417
+#: src/main/help.c:497
 msgid ""
 "Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring."
 msgstr ""
 "Spoj SOUBOR(y) nebo standardní vstup na standardního výstup, s monitoringem."

-#: src/main/help.c:555
+#: src/main/help.c:639
 msgid "Supported format sequences:"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:569
+#: src/main/help.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please report any bugs to: %s"
 msgstr "Prosím, hlašte veškeré chyby na: %s"

-#: src/main/main.c:232
+#: src/main/main.c:225
 msgid "(input)"
 msgstr "(vstup)"

-#: src/main/main.c:328
-msgid "state allocation failed"
-msgstr "selhala alokace stavu"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:144 src/pv/file.c:324
-msgid "failed to stat file"
-msgstr "nebylo možné zjistit informace o souboru"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:158
-msgid "is a directory"
-msgstr "je adresář"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:187
-msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
-msgstr "selhalo vytváření jména pro soubor v sysfs"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:209
-msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
-msgstr "selhalo čtení velikosti souboru v sysfs"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:229
-msgid "failed to open block device"
-msgstr "selhalo otevření blokového zařízení"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:239
-msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
-msgstr "selhalo zjištění velikosti blokového zařízení"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:345
-msgid "option structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "selhala alokace struktury pro volby"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:364
-msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
-msgstr "selhala alokace struktury pro argv"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:417
-msgid "numeric value not understood"
+#: src/main/main.c:381 src/main/options.c:1359
+msgid "a command to run must be specified"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:435
-msgid "integer argument expected"
-msgstr "očekáván celočíselný argument"
+#: src/main/main.c:704 src/main/options.c:757 src/main/options.c:777
+#: src/pv/display.c:1086 src/pv/state.c:45 src/pv/state.c:902
+#: src/pv/state.c:914 src/pv/state.c:950 src/pv/transfer.c:1335
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1451 src/pv/transfer.c:1778
+msgid "memory allocation failure"
+msgstr "chyba přidělování paměti"

-#: src/main/options.c:447
-msgid "numeric argument expected"
-msgstr "očekáván číselný argument"
+#: src/main/options.c:418
+msgid "list files may not contain @ lines"
+msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:458
+#: src/main/options.c:438 src/main/options.c:440 src/main/options.c:901
 msgid "process ID or pid:fd pair expected"
 msgstr "očekáváno ID procesu nebo dvojice PID:DS"

-#: src/main/options.c:465
+#: src/main/options.c:449 src/main/options.c:451 src/main/options.c:908
 msgid "invalid process ID"
 msgstr "neplatné ID procesu"

-#: src/main/options.c:698
+#: src/main/options.c:829
+msgid "numeric value not understood"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:843
+msgid "integer argument expected"
+msgstr "očekáván celočíselný argument"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:853
+msgid "numeric argument expected"
+msgstr "očekáván číselný argument"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:864
+msgid "missing filename"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:890
+msgid "missing process name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1182
+msgid "invalid side specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1197
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s --help' for more information."
 msgstr "Zkuste `%s --help' pro více informací."

-#: src/main/options.c:700
+#: src/main/options.c:1199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s -h' for more information."
 msgstr "Zkuste `%s --h' pro více informací."

-#: src/main/options.c:731
+#: src/main/options.c:1231
 msgid ""
 "cannot use line mode or transfer modifier options when watching file "
 "descriptors"
@@ -355,29 +366,41 @@ msgstr ""
 "při sledování deskriptorů souborů nelze použít řádkový mód nebo volby pro "
 "modifikaci přenosu"

-#: src/main/options.c:740
+#: src/main/options.c:1239
 msgid "cannot use cursor positioning when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr "při sledování deskriptorů souborů nelze pozicování kurzoru použít"

-#: src/main/options.c:749
+#: src/main/options.c:1247
 msgid "cannot use remote control when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr "při sledování deskriptorů souborů nelze použít vzdálené ovládání"

-#: src/main/options.c:758
+#: src/main/options.c:1255
+msgid "cannot use remote query when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1263
 msgid "cannot transfer files when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr "při sledování deskriptorů souborů nelze použít přenos souborů"

-#: src/main/options.c:773
+#: src/main/options.c:1287
 msgid "not available on systems without /proc/self/fdinfo"
 msgstr "není dostupné na systémech bez /proc/self/fdinfo"

-#: src/main/remote.c:309
-msgid "message not received"
-msgstr "zpráva nepřijata"
+#: src/main/options.c:1298
+msgid "cannot use remote control and remote query together"
+msgstr ""

-#: src/main/remote.c:440
-msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
-msgstr "SA_SIGINFO není na tomto systému podporováno"
+#: src/main/options.c:1325
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1337
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be used with store-and-forward"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1348
+msgid "files cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr ""

 #: src/main/version.c:28
 msgid "License: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
@@ -395,166 +418,196 @@ msgstr "Na program se nevztahuje ŽÁDNÁ ZÁRUKA, v míře povolené zákonem."
 msgid "Project web site"
 msgstr "Stránka projektu"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:61
-msgid "failed to get terminal name"
-msgstr "selhalo zjištění názvu terminálu"
-
-#: src/pv/cursor.c:106
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:108 src/pv/cursor.c:135
 msgid "failed to open lock file"
 msgstr "selhalo otevření zámkového souboru"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:139
-msgid "lock attempt failed"
-msgstr "selhal pokus o uzamčení"
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:790 src/pv/cursor.c:792
+msgid "interrupted by a signal"
+msgstr "přerušeno signálem"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:400
-msgid "failed to open terminal"
-msgstr "selhalo otevření terminálu"
-
-#: src/pv/display.c:249
+#: src/pv/display.c:311
 msgid "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"
 msgstr "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"

-#: src/pv/display.c:267
+#: src/pv/display.c:329
 msgid "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"
 msgstr "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"

-#: src/pv/display.c:989 src/pv/transfer.c:1056
-msgid "buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr "selhala alokace vyrovnávací paměti"
+#: src/pv/file.c:81
+msgid "/dev/null is not usable"
+msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/file.c:149
-msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
-msgstr "selhalo posunutí za začátek výstupu"
+#: src/pv/file.c:371
+msgid "error closing file"
+msgstr "chyba při zavírání souboru"

-#: src/pv/file.c:294
-msgid "failed to close file"
-msgstr "selhalo zavření souboru"
+#: src/pv/file.c:438
+msgid "input file is also the output"
+msgstr "vstupní soubor je rovněž výstupem"

-#: src/pv/file.c:317
-msgid "failed to read file"
-msgstr "selhalo čtení ze souboru"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:332
-msgid "failed to stat output file"
-msgstr "selhalo zjištění informací o výstupním souboru"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:354
-msgid "input file is output file"
-msgstr "vstupní soubor je výstupní soubor"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:412
+#: src/pv/file.c:596
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(žádný)"

-#: src/pv/file.c:414
+#: src/pv/file.c:598
 msgid "(stdin)"
 msgstr "(stdin)"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:93
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:37 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:92
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:36 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "b/s"
 msgstr "b/s"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40
 msgid "/s"
 msgstr "/s"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "B/s"
 msgstr "B/s"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:37
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:35
 msgid "b"
 msgstr "b"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:41 src/pv/transfer.c:594
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:39 src/pv/transfer.c:1284
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"

-#: src/pv/format/eta.c:53 src/pv/format/eta.c:57
+#: src/pv/format/eta.c:63 src/pv/format/eta.c:67
 msgid "ETA"
 msgstr "ETA"

-#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:81
+#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:93
 msgid "FIN"
 msgstr "FIN"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:550
+#: src/pv/loop.c:180
 msgid "rate min/avg/max/mdev"
 msgstr "rychlost min/avg/max/std"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:562
+#: src/pv/loop.c:192
 msgid "rate not measured"
 msgstr "rychlost neměřena"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:772 src/pv/loop.c:823 src/pv/loop.c:876 src/pv/watchpid.c:99
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:120 src/pv/watchpid.c:128
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:165 src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:192
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:202 src/pv/watchpid.c:300 src/pv/watchpid.c:308
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:385 src/pv/watchpid.c:406
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1098 src/pv/loop.c:1114 src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/remote.c:93
+#: src/pv/remote.c:188 src/pv/remote.c:536 src/pv/remote.c:582
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:123 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:158 src/pv/watchpid.c:194
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:206 src/pv/watchpid.c:218 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:286 src/pv/watchpid.c:401
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:409 src/pv/watchpid.c:556 src/pv/watchpid.c:565
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:586
 msgid "pid"
 msgstr "pid"

-#: src/pv/state.c:40
-msgid "history structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "selhala alokace struktury historie"
-
-#: src/pv/state.c:617 src/pv/state.c:628
-msgid "file list allocation failed"
-msgstr "selhala alokace seznamu souborů"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:463
-msgid "read failed"
-msgstr "čtení selhalo"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:479
-msgid "warning: read errors detected"
-msgstr "varování: detekovány chyby při čtení"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:495
-msgid "file is not seekable"
-msgstr "souborem nelze procházet"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:573
-msgid "failed to seek past error"
-msgstr "selhal skok za chybu"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:593
-msgid "skipped past read error"
-msgstr "chyba přeskočena"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:634
-msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
-msgstr "vyrovnávací paměť není alokována"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:676
-msgid "failed to set interval timer"
-msgstr "selhalo nastavení intervalového časovače"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:702
-msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
-msgstr "selhalo vynulování intervalového časovače"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:744
-msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr "selhala alokace vyrovnávací paměti pro pozici v řádcích"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:917
-msgid "write failed"
-msgstr "zápis selhal"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:1154
-msgid "select call failed"
-msgstr "selhalo volání select"
-
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:121 src/pv/watchpid.c:130
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:193 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "fd"
 msgstr "ds"

-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:130 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/remote.c:242 src/pv/remote.c:636
+msgid "message not received"
+msgstr "zpráva nepřijata"
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:659 src/pv/remote.c:677
+msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
+msgstr "SA_SIGINFO není na tomto systému podporováno"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1173
+msgid "warning: read errors detected"
+msgstr "varování: detekovány chyby při čtení"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1283
+msgid "skipped past read error"
+msgstr "chyba přeskočena"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1642
+msgid "write error"
+msgstr "chyba při zápisu"
+
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "not a regular file or block device"
 msgstr "není obyčejný soubor nebo blokové zařízení"
+
+#~ msgid "state allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "selhala alokace stavu"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat file"
+#~ msgstr "nebylo možné zjistit informace o souboru"
+
+#~ msgid "is a directory"
+#~ msgstr "je adresář"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
+#~ msgstr "selhalo vytváření jména pro soubor v sysfs"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
+#~ msgstr "selhalo čtení velikosti souboru v sysfs"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open block device"
+#~ msgstr "selhalo otevření blokového zařízení"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
+#~ msgstr "selhalo zjištění velikosti blokového zařízení"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "selhala alokace struktury pro volby"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "selhala alokace struktury pro argv"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to get terminal name"
+#~ msgstr "selhalo zjištění názvu terminálu"
+
+#~ msgid "lock attempt failed"
+#~ msgstr "selhal pokus o uzamčení"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open terminal"
+#~ msgstr "selhalo otevření terminálu"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
+#~ msgstr "selhalo posunutí za začátek výstupu"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read file"
+#~ msgstr "selhalo čtení ze souboru"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat output file"
+#~ msgstr "selhalo zjištění informací o výstupním souboru"
+
+#~ msgid "history structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "selhala alokace struktury historie"
+
+#~ msgid "file list allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "selhala alokace seznamu souborů"
+
+#~ msgid "read failed"
+#~ msgstr "čtení selhalo"
+
+#~ msgid "file is not seekable"
+#~ msgstr "souborem nelze procházet"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek past error"
+#~ msgstr "selhal skok za chybu"
+
+#~ msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
+#~ msgstr "vyrovnávací paměť není alokována"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to set interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "selhalo nastavení intervalového časovače"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "selhalo vynulování intervalového časovače"
+
+#~ msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "selhala alokace vyrovnávací paměti pro pozici v řádcích"
+
+#~ msgid "select call failed"
+#~ msgstr "selhalo volání select"
+
+#~ msgid "PID[:FD]"
+#~ msgstr "PID[:DS]"
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pv@ivarch.com\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-28 21:21+0000\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-01-14 20:39+0000\n"
-"Last-Translator: Benny <benny@users.noreply.translate.codeberg.org>\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-08-01 14:53+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2026-08-01 18:32+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: a-j-wood <a-j-wood@noreply.codeberg.org>\n"
 "Language-Team: German <https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/pv/pv/de/>\n"
 "Language: de\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n"
-"X-Generator: Weblate 5.9.2\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 2026.7.1\n"
 "Date: 1999-06-01 15:18:29+0100\n"
 "From: Andrew Wood <ivarch@ubik>\n"
 "Xgettext-Options: --default-domain=pkgbuild --directory=./.pkgdir --add-"
 "comments --keyword=_ --keyword=N_\n"
-"Files: src/getopt/getopt.c src/getopt/getopt1.c src/version.c src/main/init."
-"c src/main/help.c src/main/xpmptr.c src/guts/load.c src/guts/stop.c src/guts/"
-"configure.c src/guts/make.c src/guts/install.c src/guts/prefs.c src/ui/"
+"Files: src/getopt/getopt.c src/getopt/getopt1.c src/version.c src/main/"
+"init.c src/main/help.c src/main/xpmptr.c src/guts/load.c src/guts/stop.c src/"
+"guts/configure.c src/guts/make.c src/guts/install.c src/guts/prefs.c src/ui/"
 "generate.c src/ui/main.c src/ui/xpm.c src/ui/status.c src/ui/activate.c src/"
 "ui/handlers/main.c src/ui/handlers/package.c src/ui/handlers/prefs.c src/ui/"
 "handlers/dirsel.c src/ui/handlers/popup.c src/ui/handlers/help.c src/ui/"
@@ -26,346 +26,359 @@ msgstr ""
 "nls/intl/textdomain.c src/nls/intl-cat/cat-compat.c src/nls/intl-gett/intl-"
 "compat.c\n"

-#: src/main/help.c:236
+#: src/main/help.c:300
 msgid "show progress bar"
 msgstr "Fortschritts-Anzeige"

-#: src/main/help.c:239
+#: src/main/help.c:303
 msgid "show elapsed time"
 msgstr "zeige die verstrichene Zeit an"

-#: src/main/help.c:242
+#: src/main/help.c:306
 msgid "show estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "zeige die erwartete Zeit bis zum Ende an"

-#: src/main/help.c:245
+#: src/main/help.c:309
 msgid "show absolute estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "zeige die absolute geschätzte Zeit bis zur Fertigstellung"

-#: src/main/help.c:248
+#: src/main/help.c:312
 msgid "show data transfer rate counter"
 msgstr "zeige die Datentransferrate an"

-#: src/main/help.c:251
+#: src/main/help.c:315
 msgid "show data transfer average rate counter"
 msgstr "zeige die durchschnittliche Übertragungsrate"

-#: src/main/help.c:254
+#: src/main/help.c:318
 msgid "show number of bytes transferred"
 msgstr "zeige die Anzahl der übertragenen Bytes"

-#: src/main/help.c:257
+#: src/main/help.c:321
 msgid "show percentage of transfer buffer in use"
 msgstr "zeige, wie viel Prozent des Übertragungsbuffers in Benutzung sind"

-#: src/main/help.c:259
+#: src/main/help.c:323
 msgid "NUM"
 msgstr "NUM"

-#: src/main/help.c:260
+#: src/main/help.c:324
 msgid "show NUM bytes last written"
 msgstr "NUM zeige die zuletzt geschriebenen NUM Bytes"

-#: src/main/help.c:262
+#: src/main/help.c:326
 msgid "FORMAT"
 msgstr "FORMAT"

-#: src/main/help.c:263
+#: src/main/help.c:327
 msgid "set output format to FORMAT"
 msgstr "setze das Ausgabeformat auf FORMAT"

-#: src/main/help.c:266
+#: src/main/help.c:330
 msgid "output percentages, not visual information"
 msgstr "Ausgabe von Prozent-Angaben statt visueller Darstellung"

-#: src/main/help.c:269
+#: src/main/help.c:333
 msgid "do not output any transfer information at all"
 msgstr "sämtliche Transferinformationen unterdrücken"

-#: src/main/help.c:273
+#: src/main/help.c:337
 msgid "show number of bits transferred"
 msgstr "zeige die Anzahl der übertragenen Bits"

-#: src/main/help.c:276
+#: src/main/help.c:340
 msgid "treat suffixes as multiples of 1000 rather than 1024"
 msgstr "behandle Endungen als Vielfache von 1000 statt von 1024"

-#: src/main/help.c:279
+#: src/main/help.c:343
 msgid "display nothing until first byte transferred"
 msgstr "keine Ausgabe bevor das erste Byte übertragen wurde"

-#: src/main/help.c:281 src/main/help.c:296 src/main/help.c:299
+#: src/main/help.c:345 src/main/help.c:360 src/main/help.c:363
 msgid "SEC"
 msgstr "SEK"

-#: src/main/help.c:282
+#: src/main/help.c:346
 msgid "display nothing until SEC seconds have passed"
 msgstr "nichts anzeigen ehe SEK Sekunden vergangen sind"

-#: src/main/help.c:284
+#: src/main/help.c:348
 msgid "SIZE"
 msgstr "GRÖẞE"

-#: src/main/help.c:285
+#: src/main/help.c:349
 msgid "set estimated data size to SIZE bytes"
 msgstr "setze erwartete Datenlänge auf SIZE Byte"

-#: src/main/help.c:288
+#: src/main/help.c:352
 msgid "if size unknown, show rate vs max rate"
 msgstr "zeige Rate vs maximale Rate, falls die größe unbekannt ist"

-#: src/main/help.c:291
+#: src/main/help.c:355
 msgid "count lines instead of bytes"
 msgstr "zähle Zeilen anstelle von Bytes"

-#: src/main/help.c:294
+#: src/main/help.c:358
 msgid "lines are null-terminated"
 msgstr "Zeilen sind nullterminiert"

-#: src/main/help.c:297
+#: src/main/help.c:361
 msgid "update every SEC seconds"
 msgstr "aktualisiere Ausgabe nach SEK Sekunden Intervall"

-#: src/main/help.c:300
+#: src/main/help.c:364
 msgid "compute average rate over past SEC seconds (default 30s)"
 msgstr ""
 "berechne die durchschnittliche Übertragungsrate über die letzten SEK "
 "Sekunden (Standard 30s)"

-#: src/main/help.c:302
+#: src/main/help.c:366
 msgid "WIDTH"
 msgstr "BREITE"

-#: src/main/help.c:303
+#: src/main/help.c:367
 msgid "assume terminal is WIDTH characters wide"
 msgstr "setze Terminal-Breite auf BREITE Zeichen"

-#: src/main/help.c:305
+#: src/main/help.c:369
 msgid "HEIGHT"
 msgstr "HÖHE"

-#: src/main/help.c:306
+#: src/main/help.c:370
 msgid "assume terminal is HEIGHT rows high"
 msgstr "setze Terminal-Höhe auf HÖHE Zeichen"

-#: src/main/help.c:308
+#: src/main/help.c:372
 msgid "NAME"
 msgstr "NAME"

-#: src/main/help.c:309
+#: src/main/help.c:373
 msgid "prefix visual information with NAME"
 msgstr "setze den NAMEn für visuelle Darstellung"

-#: src/main/help.c:311
+#: src/main/help.c:375
 msgid "STYLE"
-msgstr "Stil"
-
-#: src/main/help.c:312
-msgid "set default bar style to NAME"
-msgstr "setze die voreingestellte Darstellung auf NAME"
-
-#: src/main/help.c:314
-msgid "SPEC"
 msgstr "STIL"

-#: src/main/help.c:315
+#: src/main/help.c:376
+msgid "set default bar style to STYLE"
+msgstr "setze die voreingestellte Darstellung auf STIL"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:378
+msgid "SPEC"
+msgstr "SPEC"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:379
 msgid "also send progress to SPEC"
 msgstr "Fortschritt auch an SPEC senden"

-#: src/main/help.c:318
+#: src/main/help.c:382
+msgid "set terminal progress state with OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+msgstr "aktualisieren Sie den Terminal-Fortschrittszustand mit OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:385
 msgid "output transfer statistics at the end"
 msgstr "Übertragungsstatistiken am Ende ausgeben"

-#: src/main/help.c:321
+#: src/main/help.c:388
 msgid "output even if standard error is not a terminal"
 msgstr ""
 "Ausgabe auch dann erzwingen, wenn der Fehlerausgabe-Kanal kein Terminal ist"

-#: src/main/help.c:324
+#: src/main/help.c:391
 msgid "use cursor positioning escape sequences"
 msgstr "benutze Escape-Sequenzen zur Cursor-Positionierung"

-#: src/main/help.c:327 src/main/help.c:357 src/main/help.c:369
-#: src/main/help.c:379
+#: src/main/help.c:394 src/main/help.c:430 src/main/help.c:449
+#: src/main/help.c:459
 msgid "FILE"
 msgstr "DATEI"

-#: src/main/help.c:328
+#: src/main/help.c:395
 msgid "write output to FILE instead of stdout"
 msgstr "schreibe die Ausgabe in DATEI statt in die Standardausgabe"

-#: src/main/help.c:330
+#: src/main/help.c:397
 msgid "RATE"
 msgstr "RATE"

-#: src/main/help.c:331
+#: src/main/help.c:398
 msgid "limit transfer to RATE bytes per second"
 msgstr "beschränke die Transferrate auf RATE Byte pro Sekunde"

-#: src/main/help.c:333 src/main/help.c:342
+#: src/main/help.c:400 src/main/help.c:406 src/main/help.c:412
 msgid "BYTES"
 msgstr "BYTES"

-#: src/main/help.c:334
+#: src/main/help.c:401
 msgid "use a buffer size of BYTES"
 msgstr "benutze einen Puffer in der Größe von BYTES"

-#: src/main/help.c:337
+#: src/main/help.c:404
 msgid "never use splice(), always use read/write"
 msgstr "anstelle von splice() immer read/write benutzen"

-#: src/main/help.c:340
+#: src/main/help.c:407
+msgid "set the pipe buffer size to BYTES"
+msgstr "benutze einen Pipe-Puffer in der Größe von BYTES"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:410
 msgid "skip read errors in input"
 msgstr "Lesefehler in der Eingabe nicht beachten"

-#: src/main/help.c:343
+#: src/main/help.c:413
 msgid "skip errors in BYTES blocks at a time"
 msgstr "bei Fehlern BYTES am Stück überspringen"

-#: src/main/help.c:346
+#: src/main/help.c:416
 msgid "stop after --size bytes have been transferred"
 msgstr "anhalten, nachdem --size Bytes übertragen wurden"

-#: src/main/help.c:349
+#: src/main/help.c:419
 msgid "flush cache to disk after every write"
 msgstr "schreibe den Cache nach jedem Schreibvorgang auf die Festplatte"

-#: src/main/help.c:352
+#: src/main/help.c:422
 msgid "use direct I/O to bypass cache"
 msgstr "verwende direkte E/A, um den Cache zu umgehen"

-#: src/main/help.c:355
+#: src/main/help.c:425
+msgid "try to seek instead of writing null bytes"
+msgstr "ausgabelöcher anstelle von Nullbytes"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:428
 msgid "discard input instead of writing to output"
 msgstr "verwirf die Eingabe anstatt in die Ausgabe zu schreiben"

-#: src/main/help.c:358
+#: src/main/help.c:431
 msgid "write all input to FILE before writing to output"
 msgstr "Ausgabe nach FILE schrieben bevor sie ausgegeben wird"

-#: src/main/help.c:360
-msgid "PID[:FD]"
-msgstr "PID[:FD]"
+#: src/main/help.c:434
+msgid "PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTFILE"
+msgstr "PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTENDATEI"

-#: src/main/help.c:361
+#: src/main/help.c:435
 msgid "watch file FD opened by process PID"
 msgstr "die vom Prozess PID geöffnete Datei FD beobachten"

-#: src/main/help.c:364
+#: src/main/help.c:438 src/main/help.c:441
 msgid "PID"
 msgstr "PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:365
+#: src/main/help.c:439
 msgid "update settings of process PID"
 msgstr "Einstellungen der Prozess-PID updaten"

-#: src/main/help.c:370
+#: src/main/help.c:442
+msgid "show progress of process PID"
+msgstr "den Fortschritt des PID-Prozesses darstellen"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:446
+msgid "run a command and monitor its standard input, output, or both"
+msgstr ""
+"Ein Programm ausführen und dessen Standardeingabe, -ausgabe oder beides "
+"überwachen"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:450
 msgid "save process ID in FILE"
 msgstr "Prozess-ID in DATEI speichern"

-#: src/main/help.c:373
+#: src/main/help.c:453
 msgid "show this help and exit"
 msgstr "zeige diese Hilfe und beende"

-#: src/main/help.c:376
+#: src/main/help.c:456
 msgid "show version information and exit"
 msgstr "zeige Versionsinformationen und beende"

-#: src/main/help.c:380
+#: src/main/help.c:460
 msgid "write debug logs to FILE"
 msgstr "schreibe Debug-Protokolle in DATEI"

-#: src/main/help.c:406
+#: src/main/help.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]..."
 msgstr "Aufruf: %s [OPTION] [DATEI]..."

-#: src/main/help.c:417
+#: src/main/help.c:497
 msgid ""
 "Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring."
 msgstr ""
 "Verbindet DATEI(en) oder den Standard-Eingabe-Kanal mit dem Standard-Ausgabe-"
 "Kanal und misst den Datenstrom."

-#: src/main/help.c:555
+#: src/main/help.c:639
 msgid "Supported format sequences:"
 msgstr "unterstützte Formate:"

-#: src/main/help.c:569
+#: src/main/help.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please report any bugs to: %s"
 msgstr "Bitte senden Sie Fehlerberichte an %s"

-#: src/main/main.c:232
+#: src/main/main.c:225
 msgid "(input)"
 msgstr "(eingabe)"

-#: src/main/main.c:328
-msgid "state allocation failed"
-msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für `state' fehlgeschlagen"
+#: src/main/main.c:381 src/main/options.c:1359
+msgid "a command to run must be specified"
+msgstr "es muss ein auszuführendes Programm angegeben werden"

-#: src/main/options.c:144 src/pv/file.c:324
-msgid "failed to stat file"
-msgstr "konnte Dateiinformationen nicht lesen"
+#: src/main/main.c:704 src/main/options.c:757 src/main/options.c:777
+#: src/pv/display.c:1086 src/pv/state.c:45 src/pv/state.c:902
+#: src/pv/state.c:914 src/pv/state.c:950 src/pv/transfer.c:1335
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1451 src/pv/transfer.c:1778
+msgid "memory allocation failure"
+msgstr "Fehler bei der Speicheranforderung"

-#: src/main/options.c:158
-msgid "is a directory"
-msgstr "ist ein Verzeichnis"
+#: src/main/options.c:418
+msgid "list files may not contain @ lines"
+msgstr "Listendateien dürfen keine „@“-Zeilen enthalten"

-#: src/main/options.c:187
-msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
-msgstr "konnte Sysfs-Dateinamen nicht erzeugen"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:209
-msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
-msgstr "konnte Größe der Sysfs-Datei nicht lesen"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:229
-msgid "failed to open block device"
-msgstr "konnte Blockgerät nicht öffnen"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:239
-msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
-msgstr "konnte Größe des Blockgeräts nicht ermitteln"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:345
-msgid "option structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für `option' fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:364
-msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
-msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für `argv' der Option fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:417
-msgid "numeric value not understood"
-msgstr "numerischen Wert nicht verstanden"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:435
-msgid "integer argument expected"
-msgstr "Ganzzahliges Argument erwartet"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:447
-msgid "numeric argument expected"
-msgstr "numerisches Argument erwartet"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:458
+#: src/main/options.c:438 src/main/options.c:440 src/main/options.c:901
 msgid "process ID or pid:fd pair expected"
 msgstr "Prozess-ID oder PID:FD-Paar erwartet"

-#: src/main/options.c:465
+#: src/main/options.c:449 src/main/options.c:451 src/main/options.c:908
 msgid "invalid process ID"
 msgstr "ungültige Prozess-ID"

-#: src/main/options.c:698
+#: src/main/options.c:829
+msgid "numeric value not understood"
+msgstr "numerischen Wert nicht verstanden"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:843
+msgid "integer argument expected"
+msgstr "Ganzzahliges Argument erwartet"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:853
+msgid "numeric argument expected"
+msgstr "numerisches Argument erwartet"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:864
+msgid "missing filename"
+msgstr "fehlender Dateiname"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:890
+msgid "missing process name"
+msgstr "fehlender Prozessname"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1182
+msgid "invalid side specification"
+msgstr "ungültige Seitenspezifikation"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1197
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s --help' for more information."
-msgstr "`%s --help' zeigt weitere Informationen an."
+msgstr "„%s --help“ zeigt weitere Informationen an."

-#: src/main/options.c:700
+#: src/main/options.c:1199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s -h' for more information."
-msgstr "`%s -h' zeigt weitere Informationen an."
+msgstr "„%s -h“ zeigt weitere Informationen an."

-#: src/main/options.c:731
+#: src/main/options.c:1231
 msgid ""
 "cannot use line mode or transfer modifier options when watching file "
 "descriptors"
@@ -373,34 +386,50 @@ msgstr ""
 "Beim Beobachten von Dateideskriptoren können keine Optionen für den "
 "Zeilenmodus oder den Übertragungsmodifikator verwendet werden"

-#: src/main/options.c:740
+#: src/main/options.c:1239
 msgid "cannot use cursor positioning when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""
 "Beim Beobachten von Dateideskriptoren kann Cursor-Positionierung nicht "
 "verwendet werden"

-#: src/main/options.c:749
+#: src/main/options.c:1247
 msgid "cannot use remote control when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""
 "Beim Beobachten von Dateideskriptoren kann die Fernbedienung nicht verwenden "
 "werden"

-#: src/main/options.c:758
+#: src/main/options.c:1255
+msgid "cannot use remote query when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+"Remote-Abfragen können beim Überwachen von Dateideskriptoren nicht verwendet "
+"werden"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1263
 msgid "cannot transfer files when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""
 "Beim Beobachten von Dateideskriptoren können Dateien nicht übertragen werden"

-#: src/main/options.c:773
+#: src/main/options.c:1287
 msgid "not available on systems without /proc/self/fdinfo"
 msgstr "Nicht verfügbar auf Systemen ohne /proc/self/fdinfo"

-#: src/main/remote.c:309
-msgid "message not received"
-msgstr "Nachricht nicht empfangen"
+#: src/main/options.c:1298
+msgid "cannot use remote control and remote query together"
+msgstr ""
+"Fernsteuerung und Fernabfrage können nicht gleichzeitig verwendet werden"

-#: src/main/remote.c:440
-msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
-msgstr "SA_SIGINFO wird auf diesem System nicht unterstützt"
+#: src/main/options.c:1325
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr "Der Monitormodus kann mit dieser Option nicht angegeben werden"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1337
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be used with store-and-forward"
+msgstr ""
+"Der Monitormodus kann nicht mit Speichern-und-Weiterleiten verwendet werden"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1348
+msgid "files cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr "mit dieser Option können keine Dateien angegeben werden"

 #: src/main/version.c:28
 msgid "License: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
@@ -418,166 +447,196 @@ msgstr "Es besteht KEINE GARANTIE, soweit dies gesetzlich zulässig ist."
 msgid "Project web site"
 msgstr "Projekt-Website"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:61
-msgid "failed to get terminal name"
-msgstr "konnte Terminalname nicht lesen"
-
-#: src/pv/cursor.c:106
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:108 src/pv/cursor.c:135
 msgid "failed to open lock file"
 msgstr "konnte Sperrdatei nicht öffnen"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:139
-msgid "lock attempt failed"
-msgstr "Sperrversuch fehlgeschlagen"
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:790 src/pv/cursor.c:792
+msgid "interrupted by a signal"
+msgstr "von einem Signal unterbrochen"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:400
-msgid "failed to open terminal"
-msgstr "konnte Terminal nicht öffnen"
-
-#: src/pv/display.c:249
+#: src/pv/display.c:311
 msgid "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"
 msgstr "yzafpnµm kMGTPEZY"

-#: src/pv/display.c:267
+#: src/pv/display.c:329
 msgid "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"
 msgstr "yzafpnµm KMGTPEZY"

-#: src/pv/display.c:989 src/pv/transfer.c:1056
-msgid "buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für den Puffer fehlgeschlagen"
+#: src/pv/file.c:81
+msgid "/dev/null is not usable"
+msgstr "/dev/null ist nicht verwendbar"

-#: src/pv/file.c:149
-msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
-msgstr "Konnte nicht zum Anfang der Ausgabe springen"
+#: src/pv/file.c:371
+msgid "error closing file"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schließen der Datei"

-#: src/pv/file.c:294
-msgid "failed to close file"
-msgstr "konnte Datei nicht schließen"
+#: src/pv/file.c:438
+msgid "input file is also the output"
+msgstr "die Eingabedatei ist auch die Ausgabedatei"

-#: src/pv/file.c:317
-msgid "failed to read file"
-msgstr "konnte Datei nicht lesen"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:332
-msgid "failed to stat output file"
-msgstr "konnte Dateiinformationen für Ausgabe-Datei nicht lesen"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:354
-msgid "input file is output file"
-msgstr "Eingabe-Datei ist Ausgabe-Datei"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:412
+#: src/pv/file.c:596
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(keine)"

-#: src/pv/file.c:414
+#: src/pv/file.c:598
 msgid "(stdin)"
 msgstr "(stdin)"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:93
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:37 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:92
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:36 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "b/s"
 msgstr "b/s"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40
 msgid "/s"
 msgstr "/s"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "B/s"
 msgstr "B/s"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:37
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:35
 msgid "b"
 msgstr "b"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:41 src/pv/transfer.c:594
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:39 src/pv/transfer.c:1284
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"

-#: src/pv/format/eta.c:53 src/pv/format/eta.c:57
+#: src/pv/format/eta.c:63 src/pv/format/eta.c:67
 msgid "ETA"
 msgstr "ETA"

-#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:81
+#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:93
 msgid "FIN"
 msgstr "Endzeit"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:550
+#: src/pv/loop.c:180
 msgid "rate min/avg/max/mdev"
 msgstr "Rate min/mittel/max/abweichung"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:562
+#: src/pv/loop.c:192
 msgid "rate not measured"
 msgstr "Übertragungsrate nicht gemessen"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:772 src/pv/loop.c:823 src/pv/loop.c:876 src/pv/watchpid.c:99
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:120 src/pv/watchpid.c:128
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:165 src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:192
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:202 src/pv/watchpid.c:300 src/pv/watchpid.c:308
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:385 src/pv/watchpid.c:406
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1098 src/pv/loop.c:1114 src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/remote.c:93
+#: src/pv/remote.c:188 src/pv/remote.c:536 src/pv/remote.c:582
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:123 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:158 src/pv/watchpid.c:194
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:206 src/pv/watchpid.c:218 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:286 src/pv/watchpid.c:401
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:409 src/pv/watchpid.c:556 src/pv/watchpid.c:565
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:586
 msgid "pid"
 msgstr "pid"

-#: src/pv/state.c:40
-msgid "history structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für `history' fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: src/pv/state.c:617 src/pv/state.c:628
-msgid "file list allocation failed"
-msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für die Dateiliste fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:463
-msgid "read failed"
-msgstr "read-Aufruf fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:479
-msgid "warning: read errors detected"
-msgstr "warnung: lesefehler erkannt"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:495
-msgid "file is not seekable"
-msgstr "Datei ist nicht durchsuchbar"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:573
-msgid "failed to seek past error"
-msgstr "konnte den Fehler nicht überwinden"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:593
-msgid "skipped past read error"
-msgstr "über den Lesefehler hinaus verschoben"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:634
-msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
-msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für den Transferpuffer fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:676
-msgid "failed to set interval timer"
-msgstr "konnte Intervall-Timer nicht setzen"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:702
-msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
-msgstr "konnte Intervall-Timer nicht löschen"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:744
-msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr "Zuweisung des Zeilenpuffers fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:917
-msgid "write failed"
-msgstr "write-Aufruf fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:1154
-msgid "select call failed"
-msgstr "select-Aufruf fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:121 src/pv/watchpid.c:130
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:193 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "fd"
 msgstr "fd"

-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:130 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/remote.c:242 src/pv/remote.c:636
+msgid "message not received"
+msgstr "Nachricht nicht empfangen"
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:659 src/pv/remote.c:677
+msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
+msgstr "SA_SIGINFO wird auf diesem System nicht unterstützt"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1173
+msgid "warning: read errors detected"
+msgstr "warnung: lesefehler erkannt"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1283
+msgid "skipped past read error"
+msgstr "über den Lesefehler hinaus verschoben"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1642
+msgid "write error"
+msgstr "Schreibfehler"
+
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "not a regular file or block device"
 msgstr "ist weder eine normale Datei noch ein Blockgerät"
+
+#~ msgid "state allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für `state' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat file"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Dateiinformationen nicht lesen"
+
+#~ msgid "is a directory"
+#~ msgstr "ist ein Verzeichnis"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Sysfs-Dateinamen nicht erzeugen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Größe der Sysfs-Datei nicht lesen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open block device"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Blockgerät nicht öffnen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Größe des Blockgeräts nicht ermitteln"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für `option' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für `argv' der Option fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to get terminal name"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Terminalname nicht lesen"
+
+#~ msgid "lock attempt failed"
+#~ msgstr "Sperrversuch fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open terminal"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Terminal nicht öffnen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte nicht zum Anfang der Ausgabe springen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read file"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Datei nicht lesen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat output file"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Dateiinformationen für Ausgabe-Datei nicht lesen"
+
+#~ msgid "history structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für `history' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "file list allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für die Dateiliste fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "read failed"
+#~ msgstr "read-Aufruf fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "file is not seekable"
+#~ msgstr "Datei ist nicht durchsuchbar"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek past error"
+#~ msgstr "konnte den Fehler nicht überwinden"
+
+#~ msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
+#~ msgstr "Speicherzuweisung für den Transferpuffer fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to set interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Intervall-Timer nicht setzen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Intervall-Timer nicht löschen"
+
+#~ msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "Zuweisung des Zeilenpuffers fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "select call failed"
+#~ msgstr "select-Aufruf fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "PID[:FD]"
+#~ msgstr "PID[:FD]"
@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: pv 1.9.34\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-08-01 14:53+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2026-03-24 23:25+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ricky-Tigg <ricky-tigg@noreply.codeberg.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Finnish <https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/pv/pv/fi/>\n"
+"Language: fi\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 5.16.2\n"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:300
+msgid "show progress bar"
+msgstr "näytä edistymispalkki"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:303
+msgid "show elapsed time"
+msgstr "näytä kulunut aika"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:306
+msgid "show estimated time of arrival (completion)"
+msgstr "näytä arvioitu valmistumisaika"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:309
+msgid "show absolute estimated time of arrival (completion)"
+msgstr "näytä absoluuttinen arvioitu valmistumisaika"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:312
+msgid "show data transfer rate counter"
+msgstr "näytä datan siirtonopeuden laskuri"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:315
+msgid "show data transfer average rate counter"
+msgstr "näytä datan keskimääräisen siirtonopeuden laskuri"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:318
+msgid "show number of bytes transferred"
+msgstr "näytä siirrettyjen tavujen määrä"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:321
+msgid "show percentage of transfer buffer in use"
+msgstr "näytä käytössä olevan siirtopuskurin prosenttiosuus"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:323
+msgid "NUM"
+msgstr "NUM"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:324
+msgid "show NUM bytes last written"
+msgstr "näytä NUM viimeksi kirjoitettua tavua"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:326
+msgid "FORMAT"
+msgstr "MUOTO"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:327
+msgid "set output format to FORMAT"
+msgstr "aseta tulostemuodoksi MUOTO"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:330
+msgid "output percentages, not visual information"
+msgstr "tulosta prosentit, ei visuaalista tietoa"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:333
+msgid "do not output any transfer information at all"
+msgstr "älä tulosta minkäänlaista siirtotietoa"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:337
+msgid "show number of bits transferred"
+msgstr "näytä siirrettyjen bittien määrä"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:340
+msgid "treat suffixes as multiples of 1000 rather than 1024"
+msgstr "käsittele päätteitä 1000:n kertoimina 1024:n sijaan"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:343
+msgid "display nothing until first byte transferred"
+msgstr "älä näytä mitään, ennen kuin ensimmäinen tavu on siirretty"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:345 src/main/help.c:360 src/main/help.c:363
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr "SEK"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:346
+msgid "display nothing until SEC seconds have passed"
+msgstr "älä näytä mitään, ennen kuin SEC sekuntia on kulunut"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:348
+msgid "SIZE"
+msgstr "KOKO"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:349
+msgid "set estimated data size to SIZE bytes"
+msgstr "aseta arvioiduksi datan kooksi KOKO tavua"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:352
+msgid "if size unknown, show rate vs max rate"
+msgstr "Jos kokoa ei tiedetä, näytä nopeus vs. maksiminopeus"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:355
+msgid "count lines instead of bytes"
+msgstr "laske rivit tavujen sijaan"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:358
+msgid "lines are null-terminated"
+msgstr "rivit päättyvät nullilla"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:361
+msgid "update every SEC seconds"
+msgstr "päivitä SEC sekunnin välein"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:364
+msgid "compute average rate over past SEC seconds (default 30s)"
+msgstr "laske keskimääräinen siirtonopeus SEC sekunnin ajalta (oletus 30 s)"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:366
+msgid "WIDTH"
+msgstr "LEVEYS"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:367
+msgid "assume terminal is WIDTH characters wide"
+msgstr "oleta, että päätteen LEVEYS on merkkiä leveä"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:369
+msgid "HEIGHT"
+msgstr "KORKEUS"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:370
+msgid "assume terminal is HEIGHT rows high"
+msgstr "oleta, että päätteen KORKEUS on merkkiä korkea"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:372
+msgid "NAME"
+msgstr "NIMI"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:373
+msgid "prefix visual information with NAME"
+msgstr "lisää visuaalisiin tietoihin NIMI-etuliite"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:375
+msgid "STYLE"
+msgstr "TYYLI"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:376
+msgid "set default bar style to STYLE"
+msgstr "aseta oletuspalkkityyli TYYLI:lle"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:378
+msgid "SPEC"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:379
+msgid "also send progress to SPEC"
+msgstr "lähetä edistyminen myös SPECille"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:382
+msgid "set terminal progress state with OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:385
+msgid "output transfer statistics at the end"
+msgstr "tulosta siirtotilastot lopussa"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:388
+msgid "output even if standard error is not a terminal"
+msgstr "tuloste, vaikka vakiovirhe ei olisikaan päätelaite"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:391
+msgid "use cursor positioning escape sequences"
+msgstr "käytä kohdistimen sijoittelun esc-sekvenssiä"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:394 src/main/help.c:430 src/main/help.c:449
+#: src/main/help.c:459
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr "TIEDOSTO"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:395
+msgid "write output to FILE instead of stdout"
+msgstr "kirjoita tuloste tiedostoon TIEDOSTO oletustulosteen (stdout) sijaan"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:397
+msgid "RATE"
+msgstr "NOPEUS"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:398
+msgid "limit transfer to RATE bytes per second"
+msgstr "rajoita siirron nopeudeksi NOPEUS tavua per sekunti"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:400 src/main/help.c:406 src/main/help.c:412
+msgid "BYTES"
+msgstr "TAVUT"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:401
+msgid "use a buffer size of BYTES"
+msgstr "käytä puskuria, jonka koko on TAVUT"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:404
+msgid "never use splice(), always use read/write"
+msgstr "Älä koskaan käytä splice():tta, käytä aina luku-/kirjoitustoimintoa"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:407
+msgid "set the pipe buffer size to BYTES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:410
+msgid "skip read errors in input"
+msgstr "ohita lukuvirheet syötteessä"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:413
+msgid "skip errors in BYTES blocks at a time"
+msgstr "ohita virheet TAVUT:ssa lohkoissa kerrallaan"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:416
+msgid "stop after --size bytes have been transferred"
+msgstr "lopeta kun --size tavua on siirretty"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:419
+msgid "flush cache to disk after every write"
+msgstr "tyhjennä välimuisti levylle jokaisen kirjoituksen jälkeen"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:422
+msgid "use direct I/O to bypass cache"
+msgstr "käytä suoraa syötettä/lähtöä välimuistin ohittamiseen"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:425
+msgid "try to seek instead of writing null bytes"
+msgstr "yritä etsiä tyhjätavujen kirjoittamisen sijaan"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:428
+msgid "discard input instead of writing to output"
+msgstr "hylkää syöte tulosteeseen kirjoittamisen sijaan"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:431
+msgid "write all input to FILE before writing to output"
+msgstr ""
+"kirjoita kaikki syöte tiedostoon TIEDOSTO ennen tulosteeseen kirjoittamista"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:434
+msgid "PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTFILE"
+msgstr "PID[:FD]|=NIMI|@LISTATIEDOSTO"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:435
+msgid "watch file FD opened by process PID"
+msgstr "tarkkaile tiedostoa FD, jonka prosessi PID avasi"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:438 src/main/help.c:441
+msgid "PID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:439
+msgid "update settings of process PID"
+msgstr "päivitä prosessin PID-asetukset"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:442
+msgid "show progress of process PID"
+msgstr "näytä prosessin PID:n edistyminen"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:446
+msgid "run a command and monitor its standard input, output, or both"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:450
+msgid "save process ID in FILE"
+msgstr "tallenna prosessitunnus TIEDOSTO:on"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:453
+msgid "show this help and exit"
+msgstr "näytä tämä ohje ja lopeta"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:456
+msgid "show version information and exit"
+msgstr "näytä versiotiedot ja lopeta"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:460
+msgid "write debug logs to FILE"
+msgstr "kirjoita vianjäljityslokit tiedostoon TIEDOSTO"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:486
+#, c-format
+msgid "Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]..."
+msgstr "Käyttö: %s [VALINTA] [TIEDOSTO]..."
+
+#: src/main/help.c:497
+msgid ""
+"Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring."
+msgstr ""
+"Putkita TIEDOSTO(t), tai vakiosyöte, vakiotulosteeseen, monitoroinnin kanssa."
+
+#: src/main/help.c:639
+msgid "Supported format sequences:"
+msgstr "Tuetut muotosekvenssit:"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please report any bugs to: %s"
+msgstr "Ilmoita ongelmista: %s"
+
+#: src/main/main.c:225
+msgid "(input)"
+msgstr "(syöte)"
+
+#: src/main/main.c:381 src/main/options.c:1359
+msgid "a command to run must be specified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/main.c:704 src/main/options.c:757 src/main/options.c:777
+#: src/pv/display.c:1086 src/pv/state.c:45 src/pv/state.c:902
+#: src/pv/state.c:914 src/pv/state.c:950 src/pv/transfer.c:1335
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1451 src/pv/transfer.c:1778
+msgid "memory allocation failure"
+msgstr "muistinvarausvirhe"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:418
+msgid "list files may not contain @ lines"
+msgstr "Listatiedostot eivät saa sisältää @-rivejä"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:438 src/main/options.c:440 src/main/options.c:901
+msgid "process ID or pid:fd pair expected"
+msgstr "prosessitunnusta tai pid:fd-paria odotetaan"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:449 src/main/options.c:451 src/main/options.c:908
+msgid "invalid process ID"
+msgstr "virheellinen prosessin ID"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:829
+msgid "numeric value not understood"
+msgstr "numeerista arvoa ei ymmärretty"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:843
+msgid "integer argument expected"
+msgstr "kokonaislukuargumenttia odotetaan"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:853
+msgid "numeric argument expected"
+msgstr "numeerista argumenttia odotetaan"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:864
+msgid "missing filename"
+msgstr "puuttuva tiedostonimi"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:890
+msgid "missing process name"
+msgstr "puuttuva prosessinimi"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1182
+msgid "invalid side specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1197
+#, c-format
+msgid "Try `%s --help' for more information."
+msgstr "Suorita `%s --help' saadaksesi lisätietoja."
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1199
+#, c-format
+msgid "Try `%s -h' for more information."
+msgstr "Suorita `%s -h' saadaksesi lisätietoja."
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1231
+msgid ""
+"cannot use line mode or transfer modifier options when watching file "
+"descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+"rivitilaa tai siirtomuokkausvaihtoehtoja ei voi käyttää tiedostokuvauksia "
+"tarkasteltaessa"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1239
+msgid "cannot use cursor positioning when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+"kohdistimen sijoittelua ei voi käyttää tiedostokuvauksia tarkasteltaessa"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1247
+msgid "cannot use remote control when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr "etäohjausta ei voi käyttää tiedostokuvauksia tarkasteltaessa"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1255
+msgid "cannot use remote query when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr "etäkyselyä ei voi käyttää tiedostokuvauksia tarkasteltaessa"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1263
+msgid "cannot transfer files when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr "tiedostoja ei voi siirtää tiedostokuvauksia tarkasteltaessa"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1287
+msgid "not available on systems without /proc/self/fdinfo"
+msgstr "ei saatavilla järjestelmissä, joissa ei ole /proc/self/fdinfo"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1298
+msgid "cannot use remote control and remote query together"
+msgstr "etäohjausta ja etäkyselyä ei voi käyttää yhdessä"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1325
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1337
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be used with store-and-forward"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1348
+msgid "files cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr "tiedostoja ei voi määrittää tämän vaihtoehdon kanssa"
+
+#: src/main/version.c:28
+msgid "License: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
+msgstr "Lisenssi: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
+
+#: src/main/version.c:29
+msgid "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it."
+msgstr ""
+"Tämä on ilmaista ohjelmistoa: voit vapaasti muokata sitä ja levittää sitä "
+"uudelleen."
+
+#: src/main/version.c:30
+msgid "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law."
+msgstr "TAKUUTA EI OLE, lain sallimissa rajoissa."
+
+#: src/main/version.c:32
+msgid "Project web site"
+msgstr "Projektin verkkosivu"
+
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:108 src/pv/cursor.c:135
+msgid "failed to open lock file"
+msgstr "lukitustiedoston avaaminen epäonnistui"
+
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:790 src/pv/cursor.c:792
+msgid "interrupted by a signal"
+msgstr "signaalin keskeyttämä"
+
+#: src/pv/display.c:311
+msgid "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/display.c:329
+msgid "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:81
+msgid "/dev/null is not usable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:371
+msgid "error closing file"
+msgstr "virhe tiedoston sulkemisessa"
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:438
+msgid "input file is also the output"
+msgstr "syötetiedosto on myös tuotostiedosto"
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:596
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(ei mitään)"
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:598
+msgid "(stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:92
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:36 src/pv/loop.c:181
+msgid "b/s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40
+msgid "/s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40 src/pv/loop.c:181
+msgid "B/s"
+msgstr "T/s"
+
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:35
+msgid "b"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:39 src/pv/transfer.c:1284
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "T"
+
+#: src/pv/format/eta.c:63 src/pv/format/eta.c:67
+msgid "ETA"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:93
+msgid "FIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/loop.c:180
+msgid "rate min/avg/max/mdev"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/loop.c:192
+msgid "rate not measured"
+msgstr "nopeutta ei mitattu"
+
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1098 src/pv/loop.c:1114 src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/remote.c:93
+#: src/pv/remote.c:188 src/pv/remote.c:536 src/pv/remote.c:582
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:123 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:158 src/pv/watchpid.c:194
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:206 src/pv/watchpid.c:218 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:286 src/pv/watchpid.c:401
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:409 src/pv/watchpid.c:556 src/pv/watchpid.c:565
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:586
+msgid "pid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
+msgid "fd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:242 src/pv/remote.c:636
+msgid "message not received"
+msgstr "viestiä ei vastaanotettu"
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:659 src/pv/remote.c:677
+msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
+msgstr "SA_SIGINFO ei ole tuettu tässä järjestelmässä"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1173
+msgid "warning: read errors detected"
+msgstr "varoitus: lukuvirheitä havaittu"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1283
+msgid "skipped past read error"
+msgstr "aiempi lukuvirhe ohitettu"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1642
+msgid "write error"
+msgstr "kirjoitusvirhe"
+
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
+msgid "not a regular file or block device"
+msgstr "ei tavallinen tiedosto tai lohkolaite"
+
+#~ msgid "state allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "tilan allokointi epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat file"
+#~ msgstr "tiedoston tilastointi epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "is a directory"
+#~ msgstr "on hakemisto"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
+#~ msgstr "sysfs-tiedostonimen luominen epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
+#~ msgstr "sysfs-kokotiedoston lukeminen epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open block device"
+#~ msgstr "lohkolaitteen avaaminen epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
+#~ msgstr "lohkolaitteen koon päättely epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "vaihtoehtorakenteen allokointi epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "vaihtoehtorakenteen argv:n allokointi epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to get terminal name"
+#~ msgstr "päätelaitteen nimen hakeminen epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "lock attempt failed"
+#~ msgstr "lukitusyritys epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open terminal"
+#~ msgstr "päätelaitteen avaaminen epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
+#~ msgstr "tulosteen käynnistyksen hakeminen epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read file"
+#~ msgstr "tiedoston lukeminen epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat output file"
+#~ msgstr "tulostiedoston tilastointi epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "history structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "historiarakenteen allokointi epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "file list allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "tiedostolistan allokointi epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "read failed"
+#~ msgstr "luku epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "file is not seekable"
+#~ msgstr "tiedosto ei ole haettavissa"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek past error"
+#~ msgstr "menneen virheen hakeminen epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
+#~ msgstr "siirtopuskuria ei ole allokoitu"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to set interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "aikaväliajastimen asettaminen epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "aikaväliajastimen tyhjennys epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "rivin sijaintipuskurin allokointi epäonnistui"
+
+#~ msgid "select call failed"
+#~ msgstr "valintakutsu epäonnistui"
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pv@ivarch.com\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-28 21:21+0000\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-10-12 11:13+0000\n"
-"Last-Translator: a-j-wood <a-j-wood@users.noreply.translate.codeberg.org>\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-08-01 14:53+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2026-08-01 18:32+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: a-j-wood <a-j-wood@noreply.codeberg.org>\n"
 "Language-Team: French <https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/pv/pv/fr/>\n"
 "Language: fr\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
-"X-Generator: Weblate 5.7.2\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 2026.7.1\n"
 "Date: 1999-06-01 15:18:29+0100\n"
 "From: Andrew Wood <ivarch@ubik>\n"
 "Xgettext-Options: --default-domain=pkgbuild --directory=./.pkgdir --add-"
 "comments --keyword=_ --keyword=N_\n"
-"Files: src/getopt/getopt.c src/getopt/getopt1.c src/version.c src/main/init."
-"c src/main/help.c src/main/xpmptr.c src/guts/load.c src/guts/stop.c src/guts/"
-"configure.c src/guts/make.c src/guts/install.c src/guts/prefs.c src/ui/"
+"Files: src/getopt/getopt.c src/getopt/getopt1.c src/version.c src/main/"
+"init.c src/main/help.c src/main/xpmptr.c src/guts/load.c src/guts/stop.c src/"
+"guts/configure.c src/guts/make.c src/guts/install.c src/guts/prefs.c src/ui/"
 "generate.c src/ui/main.c src/ui/xpm.c src/ui/status.c src/ui/activate.c src/"
 "ui/handlers/main.c src/ui/handlers/package.c src/ui/handlers/prefs.c src/ui/"
 "handlers/dirsel.c src/ui/handlers/popup.c src/ui/handlers/help.c src/ui/"
@@ -26,347 +26,360 @@ msgstr ""
 "nls/intl/textdomain.c src/nls/intl-cat/cat-compat.c src/nls/intl-gett/intl-"
 "compat.c\n"

-#: src/main/help.c:236
+#: src/main/help.c:300
 msgid "show progress bar"
 msgstr "afficher la barre de progression"

-#: src/main/help.c:239
+#: src/main/help.c:303
 msgid "show elapsed time"
 msgstr "afficher le temps écoulé"

-#: src/main/help.c:242
+#: src/main/help.c:306
 msgid "show estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "afficher l'heure approximative de l'achèvement de la tâche"

-#: src/main/help.c:245
+#: src/main/help.c:309
 msgid "show absolute estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "afficher l'heure absolute de l'achèvement de la tâche"

-#: src/main/help.c:248
+#: src/main/help.c:312
 msgid "show data transfer rate counter"
 msgstr "afficher le taux de tranfert des données"

-#: src/main/help.c:251
+#: src/main/help.c:315
 msgid "show data transfer average rate counter"
 msgstr "afficher le compteur de taux moyen de transfert de données"

-#: src/main/help.c:254
+#: src/main/help.c:318
 msgid "show number of bytes transferred"
 msgstr "afficher le nombre d'octets transférés"

-#: src/main/help.c:257
+#: src/main/help.c:321
 msgid "show percentage of transfer buffer in use"
 msgstr "afficher le pourcentage de tampon de transfert utilisé"

-#: src/main/help.c:259
+#: src/main/help.c:323
 msgid "NUM"
 msgstr "NUM"

-#: src/main/help.c:260
+#: src/main/help.c:324
 msgid "show NUM bytes last written"
 msgstr "afficher les derniers NUM octets écrits"

-#: src/main/help.c:262
+#: src/main/help.c:326
 msgid "FORMAT"
 msgstr "FORMAT"

-#: src/main/help.c:263
+#: src/main/help.c:327
 msgid "set output format to FORMAT"
 msgstr "définir le format de sortie sur FORMAT"

-#: src/main/help.c:266
+#: src/main/help.c:330
 msgid "output percentages, not visual information"
 msgstr "imprimer en pourcentage plutôt que des informations visuelles"

-#: src/main/help.c:269
+#: src/main/help.c:333
 msgid "do not output any transfer information at all"
 msgstr "n'afficher aucune information de transfert"

-#: src/main/help.c:273
+#: src/main/help.c:337
 msgid "show number of bits transferred"
 msgstr "afficher le nombre de bits transférés"

-#: src/main/help.c:276
+#: src/main/help.c:340
 msgid "treat suffixes as multiples of 1000 rather than 1024"
 msgstr "traiter les suffixes comme des multiples de 1000 au lieu de 1024"

-#: src/main/help.c:279
+#: src/main/help.c:343
 msgid "display nothing until first byte transferred"
 msgstr "ne rien afficher avant qu'au moins un octet soit tranféré"

-#: src/main/help.c:281 src/main/help.c:296 src/main/help.c:299
+#: src/main/help.c:345 src/main/help.c:360 src/main/help.c:363
 msgid "SEC"
 msgstr "SEC"

-#: src/main/help.c:282
+#: src/main/help.c:346
 msgid "display nothing until SEC seconds have passed"
 msgstr "ne rien afficher jusqu'à ce que SEC secondes se soient écoulées"

-#: src/main/help.c:284
+#: src/main/help.c:348
 msgid "SIZE"
 msgstr "TAILLE"

-#: src/main/help.c:285
+#: src/main/help.c:349
 msgid "set estimated data size to SIZE bytes"
 msgstr "ajuster la taille estimée des données à TAILLE octets"

-#: src/main/help.c:288
+#: src/main/help.c:352
 msgid "if size unknown, show rate vs max rate"
 msgstr ""
 "si la taille est inconnue, afficher le taux de transfert par rapport au taux "
 "de transfert max"

-#: src/main/help.c:291
+#: src/main/help.c:355
 msgid "count lines instead of bytes"
 msgstr "compter les lignes au lieu des octets"

-#: src/main/help.c:294
+#: src/main/help.c:358
 msgid "lines are null-terminated"
 msgstr "les lignes sont terminées par un caractère nul"

-#: src/main/help.c:297
+#: src/main/help.c:361
 msgid "update every SEC seconds"
 msgstr "mettre à jour toutes les SEC secondes"

-#: src/main/help.c:300
+#: src/main/help.c:364
 msgid "compute average rate over past SEC seconds (default 30s)"
 msgstr ""
 "calculer le taux moyen d'après les SEC dernières secondes (30s par défaut)"

-#: src/main/help.c:302
+#: src/main/help.c:366
 msgid "WIDTH"
 msgstr "LARGEUR"

-#: src/main/help.c:303
+#: src/main/help.c:367
 msgid "assume terminal is WIDTH characters wide"
 msgstr "présumer la largeur du terminal à LARGEUR caractères"

-#: src/main/help.c:305
+#: src/main/help.c:369
 msgid "HEIGHT"
 msgstr "HAUTEUR"

-#: src/main/help.c:306
+#: src/main/help.c:370
 msgid "assume terminal is HEIGHT rows high"
 msgstr "présumer la hauteur du terminal à HAUTEUR lignes"

-#: src/main/help.c:308
+#: src/main/help.c:372
 msgid "NAME"
 msgstr "NOM"

-#: src/main/help.c:309
+#: src/main/help.c:373
 msgid "prefix visual information with NAME"
 msgstr "préfixer les informations visuelles avec NOM"

-#: src/main/help.c:311
+#: src/main/help.c:375
 msgid "STYLE"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "STYLE"

-#: src/main/help.c:312
-msgid "set default bar style to NAME"
-msgstr ""
+#: src/main/help.c:376
+msgid "set default bar style to STYLE"
+msgstr "définir le style de barre par défaut à STYLE"

-#: src/main/help.c:314
+#: src/main/help.c:378
 msgid "SPEC"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "SPÉCIFICATION"

-#: src/main/help.c:315
+#: src/main/help.c:379
 msgid "also send progress to SPEC"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "aussi envoyer la progression à SPÉCIFICATION"

-#: src/main/help.c:318
+#: src/main/help.c:382
+msgid "set terminal progress state with OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+msgstr "mettre à jour l'état de progression du terminal avec OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:385
 msgid "output transfer statistics at the end"
 msgstr "afficher les statistiques de transfert à la fin"

-#: src/main/help.c:321
+#: src/main/help.c:388
 msgid "output even if standard error is not a terminal"
 msgstr ""
 "imprimer vers la sortie d'erreur standard même si ce n'est pas un terminal"

-#: src/main/help.c:324
+#: src/main/help.c:391
 msgid "use cursor positioning escape sequences"
 msgstr "utiliser les séquences d'échappements de positionnement de curseur"

-#: src/main/help.c:327 src/main/help.c:357 src/main/help.c:369
-#: src/main/help.c:379
+#: src/main/help.c:394 src/main/help.c:430 src/main/help.c:449
+#: src/main/help.c:459
 msgid "FILE"
 msgstr "FICHIER"

-#: src/main/help.c:328
+#: src/main/help.c:395
 msgid "write output to FILE instead of stdout"
 msgstr "écrire la sortie dans FICHIER au lieu de la sortie standard"

-#: src/main/help.c:330
+#: src/main/help.c:397
 msgid "RATE"
 msgstr "TAUX"

-#: src/main/help.c:331
+#: src/main/help.c:398
 msgid "limit transfer to RATE bytes per second"
 msgstr "limite le taux de transfert à TAUX octets par seconde"

-#: src/main/help.c:333 src/main/help.c:342
+#: src/main/help.c:400 src/main/help.c:406 src/main/help.c:412
 msgid "BYTES"
 msgstr "OCTETS"

-#: src/main/help.c:334
+#: src/main/help.c:401
 msgid "use a buffer size of BYTES"
-msgstr "Utiliser une mémoire tampon de OCTETS octets"
+msgstr "utiliser une mémoire tampon de OCTETS octets"

-#: src/main/help.c:337
+#: src/main/help.c:404
 msgid "never use splice(), always use read/write"
 msgstr "ne jamais utiliser splice(), toujours utiliser read/write"

-#: src/main/help.c:340
+#: src/main/help.c:407
+msgid "set the pipe buffer size to BYTES"
+msgstr "définir la taille du tampon de mémoire du tube à OCTETS octets"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:410
 msgid "skip read errors in input"
 msgstr "ignorer les erreurs de lecture dans l'entrée"

-#: src/main/help.c:343
+#: src/main/help.c:413
 msgid "skip errors in BYTES blocks at a time"
 msgstr "ignorer les erreurs dans OCTETS blocs à la fois"

-#: src/main/help.c:346
+#: src/main/help.c:416
 msgid "stop after --size bytes have been transferred"
 msgstr "arrêter après le transfert de --size octets"

-#: src/main/help.c:349
+#: src/main/help.c:419
 msgid "flush cache to disk after every write"
 msgstr "vider le cache sur le disque après chaque écriture"

-#: src/main/help.c:352
+#: src/main/help.c:422
 msgid "use direct I/O to bypass cache"
 msgstr "utiliser les E/S directes pour contourner le cache"

-#: src/main/help.c:355
+#: src/main/help.c:425
+msgid "try to seek instead of writing null bytes"
+msgstr "écrire des trous dans le fichier au lieu d'octets nuls"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:428
 msgid "discard input instead of writing to output"
 msgstr "rejeter l'entrée au lieu de l'écrire vers la sortie"

-#: src/main/help.c:358
+#: src/main/help.c:431
 msgid "write all input to FILE before writing to output"
 msgstr "écrire toute l'entrée vers FICHIER avant de l'écrire vers la sortie"

-#: src/main/help.c:360
-msgid "PID[:FD]"
-msgstr "PID[:FD]"
+#: src/main/help.c:434
+msgid "PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTFILE"
+msgstr "PID[:FD]|=NOM|@FICHIER"

-#: src/main/help.c:361
+#: src/main/help.c:435
 msgid "watch file FD opened by process PID"
 msgstr "surveiller le fichier FD ouvert par le processus PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:364
+#: src/main/help.c:438 src/main/help.c:441
 msgid "PID"
 msgstr "PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:365
+#: src/main/help.c:439
 msgid "update settings of process PID"
 msgstr "mettre à jour la configuration du processus PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:370
+#: src/main/help.c:442
+msgid "show progress of process PID"
+msgstr "afficher la progression du processus PID"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:446
+msgid "run a command and monitor its standard input, output, or both"
+msgstr ""
+"exécuter une commande et surveiller son entrée standard, sa sortie ou les "
+"deux"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:450
 msgid "save process ID in FILE"
 msgstr "enregistrer l'ID de processus dans FICHIER"

-#: src/main/help.c:373
+#: src/main/help.c:453
 msgid "show this help and exit"
 msgstr "afficher cette aide puis quitter"

-#: src/main/help.c:376
+#: src/main/help.c:456
 msgid "show version information and exit"
 msgstr "afficher la version puis quitter"

-#: src/main/help.c:380
+#: src/main/help.c:460
 msgid "write debug logs to FILE"
 msgstr "écrire les journaux de déboggage vers FICHIER"

-#: src/main/help.c:406
+#: src/main/help.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]..."
 msgstr "Utilisation : %s [OPTIONS] [FICHIER]..."

-#: src/main/help.c:417
+#: src/main/help.c:497
 msgid ""
 "Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring."
 msgstr ""
 "Concaténer FICHIER(s), ou l'entrée standard, sur la sortie standard avec "
 "monitorage."

-#: src/main/help.c:555
+#: src/main/help.c:639
 msgid "Supported format sequences:"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Séquences de formatage supportées :"

-#: src/main/help.c:569
+#: src/main/help.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please report any bugs to: %s"
 msgstr "SVP rapporter tous bogues à %s"

-#: src/main/main.c:232
+#: src/main/main.c:225
 msgid "(input)"
 msgstr "(entrée)"

-#: src/main/main.c:328
-msgid "state allocation failed"
-msgstr "échec de l'allocation de mémoire de condition"
+#: src/main/main.c:381 src/main/options.c:1359
+msgid "a command to run must be specified"
+msgstr "une commande à exécuter doit être spécifiée"

-#: src/main/options.c:144 src/pv/file.c:324
-msgid "failed to stat file"
-msgstr "échec à statuer sur le fichier"
+#: src/main/main.c:704 src/main/options.c:757 src/main/options.c:777
+#: src/pv/display.c:1086 src/pv/state.c:45 src/pv/state.c:902
+#: src/pv/state.c:914 src/pv/state.c:950 src/pv/transfer.c:1335
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1451 src/pv/transfer.c:1778
+msgid "memory allocation failure"
+msgstr "échec d'allocation mémoire"

-#: src/main/options.c:158
-msgid "is a directory"
-msgstr "est un répertoire"
+#: src/main/options.c:418
+msgid "list files may not contain @ lines"
+msgstr "les fichiers de liste ne peuvent pas contenir de lignes « @ »"

-#: src/main/options.c:187
-msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:209
-msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:229
-msgid "failed to open block device"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:239
-msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:345
-msgid "option structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "l'allocation pour la structure d'une option a échoué"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:364
-msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
-msgstr "l'allocation pour la structure de l'option argv a échoué"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:417
-msgid "numeric value not understood"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:435
-msgid "integer argument expected"
-msgstr "Valeur entière attendue"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:447
-msgid "numeric argument expected"
-msgstr "Valeur numérique attendue"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:458
+#: src/main/options.c:438 src/main/options.c:440 src/main/options.c:901
 msgid "process ID or pid:fd pair expected"
 msgstr "ID de processus ou paire pid:fd attendue"

-#: src/main/options.c:465
+#: src/main/options.c:449 src/main/options.c:451 src/main/options.c:908
 msgid "invalid process ID"
 msgstr "ID de processus non valide"

-#: src/main/options.c:698
+#: src/main/options.c:829
+msgid "numeric value not understood"
+msgstr "valeur numérique non comprise"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:843
+msgid "integer argument expected"
+msgstr "valeur entière attendue"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:853
+msgid "numeric argument expected"
+msgstr "valeur numérique attendue"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:864
+msgid "missing filename"
+msgstr "nom de fichier manquant"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:890
+msgid "missing process name"
+msgstr "nom de processus manquant"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1182
+msgid "invalid side specification"
+msgstr "côté inacceptable"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1197
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s --help' for more information."
 msgstr "Essayez `%s --help' pour plus d'informations."

-#: src/main/options.c:700
+#: src/main/options.c:1199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s -h' for more information."
 msgstr "Essayez `%s -h' pour plus d'informations."

-#: src/main/options.c:731
+#: src/main/options.c:1231
 msgid ""
 "cannot use line mode or transfer modifier options when watching file "
 "descriptors"
@@ -374,39 +387,56 @@ msgstr ""
 "impossible d'utiliser le mode ligne ou les options de modificateur de "
 "transfert lors de la visualisation des descripteurs de fichiers"

-#: src/main/options.c:740
+#: src/main/options.c:1239
 msgid "cannot use cursor positioning when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""
 "impossible d'utiliser le positionnement du curseur lors de la visualisation "
 "des descripteurs de fichier"

-#: src/main/options.c:749
+#: src/main/options.c:1247
 msgid "cannot use remote control when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""
 "impossible d'utiliser la télécommande lors de la visualisation des "
 "descripteurs de fichiers"

-#: src/main/options.c:758
+#: src/main/options.c:1255
+msgid "cannot use remote query when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+"impossible d'utiliser une requête distante lorsque vous regardez des "
+"descripteurs de fichiers"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1263
 msgid "cannot transfer files when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""
 "impossible de transférer des fichiers lorsque vous regardez des descripteurs "
 "de fichiers"

-#: src/main/options.c:773
+#: src/main/options.c:1287
 msgid "not available on systems without /proc/self/fdinfo"
 msgstr "non disponible sur les systèmes sans /proc/self/fdinfo"

-#: src/main/remote.c:309
-msgid "message not received"
-msgstr "message non reçu"
+#: src/main/options.c:1298
+msgid "cannot use remote control and remote query together"
+msgstr ""
+"impossible d'utiliser simultanément le contrôle à distance et "
+"l'interrogation à distance"

-#: src/main/remote.c:440
-msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
-msgstr "SA_SIGINFO non pris en charge sur ce système"
+#: src/main/options.c:1325
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr "impossible d'utiliser mode moniteur avec cette option"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1337
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be used with store-and-forward"
+msgstr ""
+"impossible d'utiliser mode moniteur avec le stockage et la retransmission"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1348
+msgid "files cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr "les fichiers ne peuvent pas être spécifiés avec cette option"

 #: src/main/version.c:28
 msgid "License: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
-msgstr "License : GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
+msgstr "License : GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"

 #: src/main/version.c:29
 msgid "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it."
@@ -422,169 +452,200 @@ msgstr "Il n'y a AUCUNE GARANTIE, dans la mesure permise par la loi."
 msgid "Project web site"
 msgstr "Site web du projet"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:61
-msgid "failed to get terminal name"
-msgstr "échec de lecture du nom du terminal"
-
-#: src/pv/cursor.c:106
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:108 src/pv/cursor.c:135
 msgid "failed to open lock file"
 msgstr "échec de l'ouverture du fichier de verrouillage"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:139
-msgid "lock attempt failed"
-msgstr "échec de la tentative de verrouillage"
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:790 src/pv/cursor.c:792
+msgid "interrupted by a signal"
+msgstr "interrompu par un signal"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:400
-msgid "failed to open terminal"
-msgstr "échec de l'ouverture du terminal"
-
-#: src/pv/display.c:249
+#: src/pv/display.c:311
 msgid "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"

-#: src/pv/display.c:267
+#: src/pv/display.c:329
 msgid "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"

-#: src/pv/display.c:989 src/pv/transfer.c:1056
-msgid "buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr "échec de l'allocation de mémoire tampon"
+#: src/pv/file.c:81
+msgid "/dev/null is not usable"
+msgstr "/dev/null n'est pas utilisable"

-#: src/pv/file.c:149
-msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
-msgstr "ne peut pas passer au début de la sortie"
+#: src/pv/file.c:371
+msgid "error closing file"
+msgstr "erreur à la fermeture du fichier"

-#: src/pv/file.c:294
-msgid "failed to close file"
-msgstr "la fermeture du fichier a échoué"
+#: src/pv/file.c:438
+msgid "input file is also the output"
+msgstr "le fichier d'entrée est aussi le fichier de sortie"

-#: src/pv/file.c:317
-msgid "failed to read file"
-msgstr "la lecture du fichier a échoué"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:332
-msgid "failed to stat output file"
-msgstr "échec à statuer sur le fichier de sortie"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:354
-msgid "input file is output file"
-msgstr "fichiers d'entré et de sortie sont les mêmes"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:412
+#: src/pv/file.c:596
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(aucun)"

-#: src/pv/file.c:414
+#: src/pv/file.c:598
 msgid "(stdin)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "(stdin)"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:93
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:37 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:92
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:36 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "b/s"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "b/s"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40
 msgid "/s"
 msgstr "/s"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "B/s"
 msgstr "O/s"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:37
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:35
 msgid "b"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "b"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:41 src/pv/transfer.c:594
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:39 src/pv/transfer.c:1284
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "O"

-#: src/pv/format/eta.c:53 src/pv/format/eta.c:57
+#: src/pv/format/eta.c:63 src/pv/format/eta.c:67
 msgid "ETA"
 msgstr "ETA"

-#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:81
+#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:93
 msgid "FIN"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "FIN"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:550
+#: src/pv/loop.c:180
 msgid "rate min/avg/max/mdev"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "taux min/moy/max/écart-type"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:562
+#: src/pv/loop.c:192
 msgid "rate not measured"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "taux non mesuré"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:772 src/pv/loop.c:823 src/pv/loop.c:876 src/pv/watchpid.c:99
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:120 src/pv/watchpid.c:128
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:165 src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:192
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:202 src/pv/watchpid.c:300 src/pv/watchpid.c:308
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:385 src/pv/watchpid.c:406
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1098 src/pv/loop.c:1114 src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/remote.c:93
+#: src/pv/remote.c:188 src/pv/remote.c:536 src/pv/remote.c:582
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:123 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:158 src/pv/watchpid.c:194
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:206 src/pv/watchpid.c:218 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:286 src/pv/watchpid.c:401
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:409 src/pv/watchpid.c:556 src/pv/watchpid.c:565
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:586
 msgid "pid"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "pid"

-#: src/pv/state.c:40
-msgid "history structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "l'allocation de la structure de l'historique a échoué"
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
+msgid "fd"
+msgstr "fd"

-#: src/pv/state.c:617 src/pv/state.c:628
-msgid "file list allocation failed"
-msgstr "échec de l'allocation de la liste de fichiers"
+#: src/pv/remote.c:242 src/pv/remote.c:636
+msgid "message not received"
+msgstr "message non reçu"

-#: src/pv/transfer.c:463
-msgid "read failed"
-msgstr "la lecture a échoué"
+#: src/pv/remote.c:659 src/pv/remote.c:677
+msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
+msgstr "SA_SIGINFO non pris en charge sur ce système"

-#: src/pv/transfer.c:479
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1173
 msgid "warning: read errors detected"
 msgstr "avertissement : erreurs de lecture détectées"

-#: src/pv/transfer.c:495
-msgid "file is not seekable"
-msgstr "ne peut pas se déplacer dans le fichier"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:573
-msgid "failed to seek past error"
-msgstr "n'a pas réussi à dépasser l'erreur"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:593
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1283
 msgid "skipped past read error"
 msgstr "erreur de lecture dépassée"

-#: src/pv/transfer.c:634
-msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
-msgstr "aucun tampon de transfert alloué"
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1642
+msgid "write error"
+msgstr "erreur d'écriture"

-#: src/pv/transfer.c:676
-msgid "failed to set interval timer"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:702
-msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:744
-msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:917
-msgid "write failed"
-msgstr "l'écriture a échoué"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:1154
-msgid "select call failed"
-msgstr "l'appel de sélection a échoué"
-
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:121 src/pv/watchpid.c:130
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:193 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
-msgid "fd"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:130 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "not a regular file or block device"
 msgstr "pas un fichier ordinaire ou un périphérique de bloc"

+#~ msgid "state allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "échec de l'allocation de mémoire de condition"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat file"
+#~ msgstr "échec à statuer sur le fichier"
+
+#~ msgid "is a directory"
+#~ msgstr "est un répertoire"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
+#~ msgstr "échec de génération du nom de fichier sysfs"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
+#~ msgstr "échec de la lecture de la taille du fichier sysfs"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open block device"
+#~ msgstr "échec de l'ouverture du périphérique de bloc"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
+#~ msgstr "échec de l'évaluation de la taille du périphérique de bloc"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "l'allocation pour la structure d'une option a échoué"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "l'allocation pour la structure de l'option argv a échoué"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to get terminal name"
+#~ msgstr "échec de lecture du nom du terminal"
+
+#~ msgid "lock attempt failed"
+#~ msgstr "échec de la tentative de verrouillage"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open terminal"
+#~ msgstr "échec de l'ouverture du terminal"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
+#~ msgstr "ne peut pas passer au début de la sortie"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read file"
+#~ msgstr "la lecture du fichier a échoué"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat output file"
+#~ msgstr "échec à statuer sur le fichier de sortie"
+
+#~ msgid "history structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "l'allocation de la structure de l'historique a échoué"
+
+#~ msgid "file list allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "échec de l'allocation de la liste de fichiers"
+
+#~ msgid "read failed"
+#~ msgstr "la lecture a échoué"
+
+#~ msgid "file is not seekable"
+#~ msgstr "ne peut pas se déplacer dans le fichier"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek past error"
+#~ msgstr "n'a pas réussi à dépasser l'erreur"
+
+#~ msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
+#~ msgstr "aucun tampon de transfert alloué"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to set interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "La définition de l'intervalle du minuteur a échoué"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "La réinitialisation des intervalles du minuteur a échoué"
+
+#~ msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "L'allocation de la position de la ligne de la mémoire tampon a échoué"
+
+#~ msgid "select call failed"
+#~ msgstr "l'appel de sélection a échoué"
+
+#~ msgid "PID[:FD]"
+#~ msgstr "PID[:FD]"
+
 #~ msgid "failed to set alarm signal handler"
 #~ msgstr "échec de la définition du gestionnaire de signal d'alarme"
@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: pv 1.11.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-08-01 14:53+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2026-08-07 19:25+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: ldm <ldm@noreply.codeberg.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Italian <https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/pv/pv/it/>\n"
+"Language: it\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 2026.7.1\n"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:300
+msgid "show progress bar"
+msgstr "mostra la barra dei progressi"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:303
+msgid "show elapsed time"
+msgstr "mostra tempo trascorso"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:306
+msgid "show estimated time of arrival (completion)"
+msgstr "mostra tempo stimato di completamento"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:309
+msgid "show absolute estimated time of arrival (completion)"
+msgstr "mostra l'orario di tempo stimato di completamento"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:312
+msgid "show data transfer rate counter"
+msgstr "mostrare il contatore della velocità di trasferimento dati"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:315
+msgid "show data transfer average rate counter"
+msgstr "mostrare la velocità media di trasferimento dati"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:318
+msgid "show number of bytes transferred"
+msgstr "mostra numero di byte trasferiti"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:321
+msgid "show percentage of transfer buffer in use"
+msgstr "mostra la percentuale del buffer di trasferimento in uso"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:323
+msgid "NUM"
+msgstr "NUM"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:324
+msgid "show NUM bytes last written"
+msgstr "mostra NUM bytes ultimo scritto"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:326
+msgid "FORMAT"
+msgstr "FORMAT"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:327
+msgid "set output format to FORMAT"
+msgstr "impostare il formato output in FORMAT"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:330
+msgid "output percentages, not visual information"
+msgstr "percentuali di output, non informazioni visive"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:333
+msgid "do not output any transfer information at all"
+msgstr "non mostrare alcuna informazione di trasferimento"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:337
+msgid "show number of bits transferred"
+msgstr "mostra numero di bit trasferiti"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:340
+msgid "treat suffixes as multiples of 1000 rather than 1024"
+msgstr "trattare i suffissi come multipli di 1000 piuttosto che 1024"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:343
+msgid "display nothing until first byte transferred"
+msgstr "non mostrare nulla fino al primo byte trasferito"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:345 src/main/help.c:360 src/main/help.c:363
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr "SEC"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:346
+msgid "display nothing until SEC seconds have passed"
+msgstr "non mostrare nulla fino a quando non sono passati SEC secondi"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:348
+msgid "SIZE"
+msgstr "DIM"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:349
+msgid "set estimated data size to SIZE bytes"
+msgstr "imposta la dimensione stimata dei dati per DIM bytes"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:352
+msgid "if size unknown, show rate vs max rate"
+msgstr "se dimensioni sconosciute, mostrare tasso di trasferimento vs tasso massimo"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:355
+msgid "count lines instead of bytes"
+msgstr "contare le linee invece dei bytes"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:358
+msgid "lines are null-terminated"
+msgstr "le righe terminano con un carattere nullo"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:361
+msgid "update every SEC seconds"
+msgstr "aggiornamento ogni SEC secondi"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:364
+msgid "compute average rate over past SEC seconds (default 30s)"
+msgstr "calcolare il tasso medio negli ultimi SEC secondi (predefinito 30s)"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:366
+msgid "WIDTH"
+msgstr "LARGHEZZA"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:367
+msgid "assume terminal is WIDTH characters wide"
+msgstr "assumere il terminale largo LARGHEZZA caratteri"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:369
+msgid "HEIGHT"
+msgstr "ALTEZZA"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:370
+msgid "assume terminal is HEIGHT rows high"
+msgstr "assumere terminale alto ALTEZZA righe"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:372
+msgid "NAME"
+msgstr "NOME"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:373
+msgid "prefix visual information with NAME"
+msgstr "anteponi NOME alle informazioni visive"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:375
+msgid "STYLE"
+msgstr "STILE"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:376
+msgid "set default bar style to STYLE"
+msgstr "impostare lo stile predefinito della barra a STILE"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:378
+msgid "SPEC"
+msgstr "SPEC"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:379
+msgid "also send progress to SPEC"
+msgstr "inviare i progressi anche a SPEC"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:382
+msgid "set terminal progress state with OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+msgstr "impostare lo stato di avanzamento del terminale con OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:385
+msgid "output transfer statistics at the end"
+msgstr "mostra statistiche di trasferimento alla fine"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:388
+msgid "output even if standard error is not a terminal"
+msgstr "output anche se standard error non è un terminale"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:391
+msgid "use cursor positioning escape sequences"
+msgstr "utilizzare le sequenze escape di posizionamento del cursore"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:394 src/main/help.c:430 src/main/help.c:449
+#: src/main/help.c:459
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr "FILE"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:395
+msgid "write output to FILE instead of stdout"
+msgstr "scrivere output su FILE invece che stdout"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:397
+msgid "RATE"
+msgstr "TASSO"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:398
+msgid "limit transfer to RATE bytes per second"
+msgstr "limite di trasferimento a TASSO byte al secondo"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:400 src/main/help.c:406 src/main/help.c:412
+msgid "BYTES"
+msgstr "BYTE"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:401
+msgid "use a buffer size of BYTES"
+msgstr "utilizzare un buffer di dimensione BYTE"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:404
+msgid "never use splice(), always use read/write"
+msgstr "mai usare splice(), usare sempre lettura/scrittura"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:407
+msgid "set the pipe buffer size to BYTES"
+msgstr "impostare la dimensione del pipe buffer a BYTE"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:410
+msgid "skip read errors in input"
+msgstr "saltare gli errori di lettura in input"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:413
+msgid "skip errors in BYTES blocks at a time"
+msgstr "passare errori passati in blocchi BYTE"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:416
+msgid "stop after --size bytes have been transferred"
+msgstr "stop dopo aver trasferito --size byte"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:419
+msgid "flush cache to disk after every write"
+msgstr "svuotare la cache sul disco dopo ogni scrittura"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:422
+msgid "use direct I/O to bypass cache"
+msgstr "utilizzare direct I/O per bypassare la cache"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:425
+msgid "try to seek instead of writing null bytes"
+msgstr "prova a cercare invece di scrivere byte nulli"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:428
+msgid "discard input instead of writing to output"
+msgstr "scartare l'input invece di scrivere sull'output"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:431
+msgid "write all input to FILE before writing to output"
+msgstr "scrivere tutti gli input su FILE prima di scrivere su output"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:434
+msgid "PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTFILE"
+msgstr "PID[:FD]|=NOME|@FILE"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:435
+msgid "watch file FD opened by process PID"
+msgstr "visualizza il file FD aperto dal processo PID"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:438 src/main/help.c:441
+msgid "PID"
+msgstr "PID"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:439
+msgid "update settings of process PID"
+msgstr "impostazioni di aggiornamento del processo PID"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:442
+msgid "show progress of process PID"
+msgstr "mostrare il progresso del processo PID"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:446
+msgid "run a command and monitor its standard input, output, or both"
+msgstr ""
+"eseguire un comando e monitorare il suo standard input, output, o entrambi"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:450
+msgid "save process ID in FILE"
+msgstr "salvare ID processo in FILE"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:453
+msgid "show this help and exit"
+msgstr "mostra questo help ed esce"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:456
+msgid "show version information and exit"
+msgstr "stampa le informazioni sulla versione ed esce"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:460
+msgid "write debug logs to FILE"
+msgstr "scrivi i log di debug su FILE"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:486
+#, c-format
+msgid "Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]..."
+msgstr "Uso: %s [OPZIONE] [FILE]..."
+
+#: src/main/help.c:497
+msgid ""
+"Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring."
+msgstr ""
+"Concatena i FILE, o lo standard input, allo standard output, con "
+"monitoraggio."
+
+#: src/main/help.c:639
+msgid "Supported format sequences:"
+msgstr "Sequenze di formato supportate:"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please report any bugs to: %s"
+msgstr "Per favore segnalare i bug a: %s"
+
+#: src/main/main.c:225
+msgid "(input)"
+msgstr "(input)"
+
+#: src/main/main.c:381 src/main/options.c:1359
+msgid "a command to run must be specified"
+msgstr "un comando da eseguire deve essere specificato"
+
+#: src/main/main.c:704 src/main/options.c:757 src/main/options.c:777
+#: src/pv/display.c:1086 src/pv/state.c:45 src/pv/state.c:902
+#: src/pv/state.c:914 src/pv/state.c:950 src/pv/transfer.c:1335
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1451 src/pv/transfer.c:1778
+msgid "memory allocation failure"
+msgstr "fallimento nell'allocazione della memoria"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:418
+msgid "list files may not contain @ lines"
+msgstr "file di elenco non possono contenere linee @"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:438 src/main/options.c:440 src/main/options.c:901
+msgid "process ID or pid:fd pair expected"
+msgstr "è previsto un ID di processo o una coppia pid:fd"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:449 src/main/options.c:451 src/main/options.c:908
+msgid "invalid process ID"
+msgstr "ID processo non valido"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:829
+msgid "numeric value not understood"
+msgstr "valore numerico non compreso"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:843
+msgid "integer argument expected"
+msgstr "argomento integer previsto"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:853
+msgid "numeric argument expected"
+msgstr "argomento numerico previsto"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:864
+msgid "missing filename"
+msgstr "nome del file mancante"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:890
+msgid "missing process name"
+msgstr "nome del processo mancante"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1182
+msgid "invalid side specification"
+msgstr "specifica del lato non valida"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1197
+#, c-format
+msgid "Try `%s --help' for more information."
+msgstr "Usare «%s --help» per ulteriori informazioni."
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1199
+#, c-format
+msgid "Try `%s -h' for more information."
+msgstr "Usare «%s -h» per ulteriori informazioni."
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1231
+msgid ""
+"cannot use line mode or transfer modifier options when watching file "
+"descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+"non è possibile utilizzare la modalità riga o il modificatore di "
+"trasferimento durante la visualizzazione dei descrittori di file"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1239
+msgid "cannot use cursor positioning when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+"non può utilizzare il posizionamento del cursore durante la visualizzazione "
+"dei descrittori di file"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1247
+msgid "cannot use remote control when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr "non può usare il telecomando quando si guarda i descrittori di file"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1255
+msgid "cannot use remote query when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr "non può utilizzare query remoto quando si guarda i descrittori di file"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1263
+msgid "cannot transfer files when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+"non può trasferire i file durante la visualizzazione dei descrittori di file"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1287
+msgid "not available on systems without /proc/self/fdinfo"
+msgstr "non disponibile su sistemi senza /proc/self/fdinfo"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1298
+msgid "cannot use remote control and remote query together"
+msgstr "non può utilizzare il telecomando e la query remota insieme"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1325
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr "la modalità monitor non può essere specificata con questa opzione"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1337
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be used with store-and-forward"
+msgstr "modalità monitor non può essere utilizzato con negozio e in avanti"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1348
+msgid "files cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr "i file non possono essere specificati con questa opzione"
+
+#: src/main/version.c:28
+msgid "License: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
+msgstr "Licenza: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
+
+#: src/main/version.c:29
+msgid "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it."
+msgstr "Questo è software libero: è possibile modificarlo e ridistribuirlo."
+
+#: src/main/version.c:30
+msgid "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law."
+msgstr "Non c'è ALCUNA GARANZIA, nei limiti permessi dalla legge."
+
+#: src/main/version.c:32
+msgid "Project web site"
+msgstr "Sito web del progetto"
+
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:108 src/pv/cursor.c:135
+msgid "failed to open lock file"
+msgstr "non è riuscito ad aprire il file di blocco"
+
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:790 src/pv/cursor.c:792
+msgid "interrupted by a signal"
+msgstr "interrotta da un segnale"
+
+#: src/pv/display.c:311
+msgid "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"
+msgstr "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"
+
+#: src/pv/display.c:329
+msgid "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"
+msgstr "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:81
+msgid "/dev/null is not usable"
+msgstr "/dev/null non è utilizzabile"
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:371
+msgid "error closing file"
+msgstr "errore nel chiudere il file"
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:438
+msgid "input file is also the output"
+msgstr "il file di input coincide con quello di output"
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:596
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(nessuno)"
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:598
+msgid "(stdin)"
+msgstr "(stdin)"
+
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:92
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:36 src/pv/loop.c:181
+msgid "b/s"
+msgstr "b/s"
+
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40
+msgid "/s"
+msgstr "/s"
+
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40 src/pv/loop.c:181
+msgid "B/s"
+msgstr "B/s"
+
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:35
+msgid "b"
+msgstr "b"
+
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:39 src/pv/transfer.c:1284
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "B"
+
+#: src/pv/format/eta.c:63 src/pv/format/eta.c:67
+msgid "ETA"
+msgstr "ETA"
+
+#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:93
+msgid "FIN"
+msgstr "FIN"
+
+#: src/pv/loop.c:180
+msgid "rate min/avg/max/mdev"
+msgstr "tasso min/med/mas/mdev"
+
+#: src/pv/loop.c:192
+msgid "rate not measured"
+msgstr "tasso non misurato"
+
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1098 src/pv/loop.c:1114 src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/remote.c:93
+#: src/pv/remote.c:188 src/pv/remote.c:536 src/pv/remote.c:582
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:123 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:158 src/pv/watchpid.c:194
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:206 src/pv/watchpid.c:218 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:286 src/pv/watchpid.c:401
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:409 src/pv/watchpid.c:556 src/pv/watchpid.c:565
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:586
+msgid "pid"
+msgstr "pid"
+
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
+msgid "fd"
+msgstr "fd"
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:242 src/pv/remote.c:636
+msgid "message not received"
+msgstr "messaggio non ricevuto"
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:659 src/pv/remote.c:677
+msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
+msgstr "SA_SIGINFO non supportato su questo sistema"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1173
+msgid "warning: read errors detected"
+msgstr "avvertimento: errori di lettura rilevati"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1283
+msgid "skipped past read error"
+msgstr "saltato l'errore di lettura"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1642
+msgid "write error"
+msgstr "errore di scrittura"
+
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
+msgid "not a regular file or block device"
+msgstr "non è un file regolare o un dispositivo a blocchi"
@@ -0,0 +1,539 @@
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: pv 1.9.34\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-08-01 14:53+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2026-05-16 19:25+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: a-j-wood <a-j-wood@noreply.codeberg.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Georgian <https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/pv/pv/ka/>\n"
+"Language: ka\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 5.17.1\n"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:300
+msgid "show progress bar"
+msgstr "პროგრესის ზოლის ჩვენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:303
+msgid "show elapsed time"
+msgstr "გასული დროის ჩვენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:306
+msgid "show estimated time of arrival (completion)"
+msgstr "სავარაუდო დასრულების დროის ჩვენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:309
+msgid "show absolute estimated time of arrival (completion)"
+msgstr "დასრულების აბსოლუტური სავარაუდო დროის ჩვენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:312
+msgid "show data transfer rate counter"
+msgstr "მონაცემთა გადაცემის სიჩქარის ჩვენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:315
+msgid "show data transfer average rate counter"
+msgstr "საშუალო მონაცემთა გადაცემის სიჩქარის ჩვენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:318
+msgid "show number of bytes transferred"
+msgstr "გადატანილი ბაიტების რაოდენობის ჩვენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:321
+msgid "show percentage of transfer buffer in use"
+msgstr "გამოყენებული გადაცემის ბუფერის პროცენტული მაჩვენებლის ჩვენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:323
+msgid "NUM"
+msgstr "ႬႭႫ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:324
+msgid "show NUM bytes last written"
+msgstr "ბოლოს დაწერილი ႬႭႫ ბაიტის ჩვენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:326
+msgid "FORMAT"
+msgstr "ႴႭႰႫႠႲႨ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:327
+msgid "set output format to FORMAT"
+msgstr "გამომავალი ფორმატის დაყენება ႴႭႰႫႠႲႨ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:330
+msgid "output percentages, not visual information"
+msgstr "გამომავალი პროცენტები, არა ვიზუალური ინფორმაცია"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:333
+msgid "do not output any transfer information at all"
+msgstr "პროგრესის ინფორმაცია არ აჩვენოთ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:337
+msgid "show number of bits transferred"
+msgstr "გადაცემული ბიტების რაოდენობის ჩვენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:340
+msgid "treat suffixes as multiples of 1000 rather than 1024"
+msgstr "სუფიქსების 1000-ის ჯერადად განხილვა 1024-ის ნაცვლად"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:343
+msgid "display nothing until first byte transferred"
+msgstr "არაფერი აჩვენოს პირველი ბაიტის გადატანამდე"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:345 src/main/help.c:360 src/main/help.c:363
+msgid "SEC"
+msgstr "ႼႠႫ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:346
+msgid "display nothing until SEC seconds have passed"
+msgstr "არაფერი აჩვენოს ႼႠႫ წამების გასვლამდე"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:348
+msgid "SIZE"
+msgstr "ႦႭႫႠ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:349
+msgid "set estimated data size to SIZE bytes"
+msgstr "მონაცემთა სავარაუდო ზომის ႦႭႫႠ ბაიტებზე დაყენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:352
+msgid "if size unknown, show rate vs max rate"
+msgstr "თუ ზომა უცნობია, აჩვენეთ სიჩქარე მაქსიმალურ სიჩქარესთან შედარებით"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:355
+msgid "count lines instead of bytes"
+msgstr "ბაიტების ნაცვლად ხაზების დათვლა"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:358
+msgid "lines are null-terminated"
+msgstr "ხაზები ნულით დასრულებულია"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:361
+msgid "update every SEC seconds"
+msgstr "განახლება ყოველ ႼႠႫ წამში"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:364
+msgid "compute average rate over past SEC seconds (default 30s)"
+msgstr ""
+"გამოთვალეთ საშუალო მაჩვენებელი ბოლო ႼႠႫ წამების განმავლობაში (ნაგულისხმევი "
+"30 წმ)"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:366
+msgid "WIDTH"
+msgstr "ႱႨႢႠႬႤ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:367
+msgid "assume terminal is WIDTH characters wide"
+msgstr "ვივარაუდოთ, რომ ტერმინალი ႱႨႢႠႬႤ სიმბოლოს სიგანისაა"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:369
+msgid "HEIGHT"
+msgstr "ႱႨႫႠႶႪႤ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:370
+msgid "assume terminal is HEIGHT rows high"
+msgstr "ვივარაუდოთ, რომ ტერმინალი ႱႨႫႠႶႪႤ რიგის სიმაღლისაა"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:372
+msgid "NAME"
+msgstr "ႱႠႾႤႪႨ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:373
+msgid "prefix visual information with NAME"
+msgstr "გამომავალი ხაზის დასაწყისში ႱႠႾႤႪႨ-ის ჩვენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:375
+msgid "STYLE"
+msgstr "ႱႲႨႪႨ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:376
+msgid "set default bar style to STYLE"
+msgstr "ნაგულისხმევი ზოლის სტილი ႱႲႨႪႨ-ზე დააყენეთ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:378
+msgid "SPEC"
+msgstr "ႱႮႤႺႨႴႨႩႠ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:379
+msgid "also send progress to SPEC"
+msgstr "ასევე გაუგზავნეთ პროგრესი ႱႮႤႺႨႴႨႩႠ-ს"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:382
+msgid "set terminal progress state with OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:385
+msgid "output transfer statistics at the end"
+msgstr "სტატისტიკის ჩვენება ბოლოს"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:388
+msgid "output even if standard error is not a terminal"
+msgstr "გამომავალი მაშინაც კი, თუ სტანდარტული შეცდომა ტერმინალი არ არის"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:391
+msgid "use cursor positioning escape sequences"
+msgstr "კურსორის პოზიციონირება ტერმინალის კოდებით"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:394 src/main/help.c:430 src/main/help.c:449
+#: src/main/help.c:459
+msgid "FILE"
+msgstr "ႴႠႨႪႨ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:395
+msgid "write output to FILE instead of stdout"
+msgstr "ჩაწერეთ გამომავალი ႴႠႨႪႨ-ში სტანდარტული გამომავალის ნაცვლად"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:397
+msgid "RATE"
+msgstr "ႱႨႹႵႠႰႤ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:398
+msgid "limit transfer to RATE bytes per second"
+msgstr "სიჩქარის შეზღუდვა წამში ႱႨႹႵႠႰႤ ბაიტამდე"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:400 src/main/help.c:406 src/main/help.c:412
+msgid "BYTES"
+msgstr "ႡႠႨႲႤႡႨ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:401
+msgid "use a buffer size of BYTES"
+msgstr "გამოიყენეთ ႡႠႨႲႤႡႨ ბუფერის ზომა"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:404
+msgid "never use splice(), always use read/write"
+msgstr "არასდროს გამოიყენოთ splice(), ყოველთვის გამოიყენეთ წაკითხვა/ჩაწერა"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:407
+msgid "set the pipe buffer size to BYTES"
+msgstr "მილის ბუფერის ზომა დააყენეთ ႡႠႨႲႤႡႨ ბაიტზე"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:410
+msgid "skip read errors in input"
+msgstr "შეყვანის შეცდომების გამოტოვება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:413
+msgid "skip errors in BYTES blocks at a time"
+msgstr "შეცდომების გამოტოვება ႡႠႨႲႤႡႨ ბაიტის ბლოკებში"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:416
+msgid "stop after --size bytes have been transferred"
+msgstr "შეჩერება --size ბაიტების გადატანის შემდეგ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:419
+msgid "flush cache to disk after every write"
+msgstr "დისკის ჩაწერის ქეშის გასუფთავება ყოველი ჩაწერის შემდეგ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:422
+msgid "use direct I/O to bypass cache"
+msgstr "ქეშის გვერდის ავლით პირდაპირი შეყვანის/გამოყვანის გამოყენებით"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:425
+msgid "try to seek instead of writing null bytes"
+msgstr "დატოვეთ ხვრელები გამომავალში ნულოვანი ბაიტების ჩაწერის ნაცვლად"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:428
+msgid "discard input instead of writing to output"
+msgstr "შეყვანის გაუქმება გამოსავალში ჩაწერის ნაცვლად"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:431
+msgid "write all input to FILE before writing to output"
+msgstr "ყველა შემავალი მონაცემი ႴႠႨႪႨ-ში ჩაწერეთ გამოსავალში ჩაწერამდე"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:434
+msgid "PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTFILE"
+msgstr "ႮႨႣ[:ႴႠ]|=ႱႠႾႤႪႨ|@ႴႠႨႪႨ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:435
+msgid "watch file FD opened by process PID"
+msgstr "ფაილის აღწერის ყურება ႴႠ გახსნილია ႮႨႣ პროცესის მიერ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:438 src/main/help.c:441
+msgid "PID"
+msgstr "ႮႨႣ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:439
+msgid "update settings of process PID"
+msgstr "პროცესის ႮႨႣ-ის პარამეტრების განახლება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:442
+msgid "show progress of process PID"
+msgstr "პროცესის ႮႨႣ პროგრესის ჩვენება"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:446
+msgid "run a command and monitor its standard input, output, or both"
+msgstr ""
+"ბრძანების გაშვება და მისი სტანდარტული შეყვანის, გამომავალი ან ორივეს "
+"მონიტორინგი"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:450
+msgid "save process ID in FILE"
+msgstr "პროცესის იდენტიფიკატორის შენახვა ႴႠႨႪႨ-ში"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:453
+msgid "show this help and exit"
+msgstr "აჩვენეთ ეს დახმარება და გადით"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:456
+msgid "show version information and exit"
+msgstr "ვერსიის ინფორმაციის ჩვენება და გასვლა"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:460
+msgid "write debug logs to FILE"
+msgstr "გამართვის ჟურნალების ႴႠႨႪႨ-ში ჩაწერა"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:486
+#, c-format
+msgid "Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]..."
+msgstr "გამოყენება: %s [ႠႰႹႤႥႠ] [ႴႠႨႪႨ]..."
+
+#: src/main/help.c:497
+msgid ""
+"Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring."
+msgstr "შეყვანის ფაილების გადატანა გამოსავალზე მონიტორინგით."
+
+#: src/main/help.c:639
+msgid "Supported format sequences:"
+msgstr "მხარდაჭერილი ფორმატის თანმიმდევრობები:"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please report any bugs to: %s"
+msgstr "ნებისმიერი შეცდომის შესახებ, გთხოვთ, შეატყობინოთ შემდეგ მისამართზე: %s"
+
+#: src/main/main.c:225
+msgid "(input)"
+msgstr "(შეყვანა)"
+
+#: src/main/main.c:381 src/main/options.c:1359
+msgid "a command to run must be specified"
+msgstr "შესასრულებელი ბრძანება უნდა იყოს მითითებული"
+
+#: src/main/main.c:704 src/main/options.c:757 src/main/options.c:777
+#: src/pv/display.c:1086 src/pv/state.c:45 src/pv/state.c:902
+#: src/pv/state.c:914 src/pv/state.c:950 src/pv/transfer.c:1335
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1451 src/pv/transfer.c:1778
+msgid "memory allocation failure"
+msgstr "მეხსიერების გამოყოფის შეცდომა"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:418
+msgid "list files may not contain @ lines"
+msgstr "სიის ფაილები არ შეიძლება შეიცავდეს \"@\" ხაზებს"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:438 src/main/options.c:440 src/main/options.c:901
+msgid "process ID or pid:fd pair expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:449 src/main/options.c:451 src/main/options.c:908
+msgid "invalid process ID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:829
+msgid "numeric value not understood"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:843
+msgid "integer argument expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:853
+msgid "numeric argument expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:864
+msgid "missing filename"
+msgstr "ფაილის სახელი აკლია"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:890
+msgid "missing process name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1182
+msgid "invalid side specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1197
+#, c-format
+msgid "Try `%s --help' for more information."
+msgstr "დამატებითი ინფორმაციისთვის სცადეთ `%s --help'."
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1199
+#, c-format
+msgid "Try `%s -h' for more information."
+msgstr "დამატებითი ინფორმაციისთვის სცადეთ `%s -h'."
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1231
+msgid ""
+"cannot use line mode or transfer modifier options when watching file "
+"descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1239
+msgid "cannot use cursor positioning when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1247
+msgid "cannot use remote control when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1255
+msgid "cannot use remote query when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1263
+msgid "cannot transfer files when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1287
+msgid "not available on systems without /proc/self/fdinfo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1298
+msgid "cannot use remote control and remote query together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1325
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1337
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be used with store-and-forward"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1348
+msgid "files cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/version.c:28
+msgid "License: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
+msgstr "ლიცენზია: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
+
+#: src/main/version.c:29
+msgid "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it."
+msgstr ""
+"ეს არის უფასო პროგრამული უზრუნველყოფა: თქვენ შეგიძლიათ შეცვალოთ და ხელახლა "
+"გაავრცელოთ იგი."
+
+#: src/main/version.c:30
+msgid "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law."
+msgstr "კანონით დაშვებული ფარგლებში, გარანტია არ არსებობს."
+
+#: src/main/version.c:32
+msgid "Project web site"
+msgstr "პროექტის ვებსაიტი"
+
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:108 src/pv/cursor.c:135
+msgid "failed to open lock file"
+msgstr "დაბლოკვის ფაილის გახსნა ვერ მოხერხდა"
+
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:790 src/pv/cursor.c:792
+msgid "interrupted by a signal"
+msgstr "შეწყვეტილია სიგნალის მიერ"
+
+#: src/pv/display.c:311
+msgid "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/display.c:329
+msgid "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:81
+msgid "/dev/null is not usable"
+msgstr "/dev/null არ არის გამოსაყენებელი"
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:371
+msgid "error closing file"
+msgstr "ფაილის დახურვის შეცდომა"
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:438
+msgid "input file is also the output"
+msgstr "შეტანის ფაილი ასევე გამოსატანიცაა"
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:596
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(არცერთი)"
+
+#: src/pv/file.c:598
+msgid "(stdin)"
+msgstr "(stdin)"
+
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:92
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:36 src/pv/loop.c:181
+msgid "b/s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40
+msgid "/s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40 src/pv/loop.c:181
+msgid "B/s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:35
+msgid "b"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:39 src/pv/transfer.c:1284
+msgid "B"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/format/eta.c:63 src/pv/format/eta.c:67
+msgid "ETA"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:93
+msgid "FIN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/loop.c:180
+msgid "rate min/avg/max/mdev"
+msgstr "სიჩქარე მინიმალური/საშუალო/მაქსიმალური/სტანდარტული გადახრა"
+
+#: src/pv/loop.c:192
+msgid "rate not measured"
+msgstr "სიჩქარე არ იზომებოდა"
+
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1098 src/pv/loop.c:1114 src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/remote.c:93
+#: src/pv/remote.c:188 src/pv/remote.c:536 src/pv/remote.c:582
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:123 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:158 src/pv/watchpid.c:194
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:206 src/pv/watchpid.c:218 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:286 src/pv/watchpid.c:401
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:409 src/pv/watchpid.c:556 src/pv/watchpid.c:565
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:586
+msgid "pid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
+msgid "fd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:242 src/pv/remote.c:636
+msgid "message not received"
+msgstr "შეტყობინება არ არის მიღებული"
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:659 src/pv/remote.c:677
+msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1173
+msgid "warning: read errors detected"
+msgstr "გაფრთხილება: წაკითხვის შეცდომები აღმოჩენილია"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1283
+msgid "skipped past read error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1642
+msgid "write error"
+msgstr "ჩაწერის შეცდომა"
+
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
+msgid "not a regular file or block device"
+msgstr ""
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pv@ivarch.com\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-28 21:21+0000\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-01-15 19:08+0000\n"
-"Last-Translator: coralpink <coralpink@users.noreply.translate.codeberg.org>\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-08-01 14:53+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2026-08-01 18:32+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: a-j-wood <a-j-wood@noreply.codeberg.org>\n"
 "Language-Team: Polish <https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/pv/pv/pl/>\n"
 "Language: pl\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
@@ -16,351 +16,362 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n==1 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 "
 "|| n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2;\n"
-"X-Generator: Weblate 5.9.2\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 2026.7.1\n"

-#: src/main/help.c:236
+#: src/main/help.c:300
 msgid "show progress bar"
 msgstr "pokaż pasek postępu"

-#: src/main/help.c:239
+#: src/main/help.c:303
 msgid "show elapsed time"
 msgstr "pokaż upływający czas"

-#: src/main/help.c:242
+#: src/main/help.c:306
 msgid "show estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "pokaż szacowany czas ukończenia"

-#: src/main/help.c:245
+#: src/main/help.c:309
 msgid "show absolute estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "pokaż bezwzględny szacowany czas ukończenia"

-#: src/main/help.c:248
+#: src/main/help.c:312
 msgid "show data transfer rate counter"
 msgstr "pokaż licznik prędkości przesyłania"

-#: src/main/help.c:251
+#: src/main/help.c:315
 msgid "show data transfer average rate counter"
 msgstr "pokaż licznik uśrednionej prędkości przesyłania"

-#: src/main/help.c:254
+#: src/main/help.c:318
 msgid "show number of bytes transferred"
 msgstr "pokaż ilość przesłanych bajtów"

-#: src/main/help.c:257
+#: src/main/help.c:321
 msgid "show percentage of transfer buffer in use"
 msgstr "pokaż procentowe użycie bufora transferu"

-#: src/main/help.c:259
+#: src/main/help.c:323
 msgid "NUM"
 msgstr "LICZBA"

-#: src/main/help.c:260
+#: src/main/help.c:324
 msgid "show NUM bytes last written"
 msgstr "pokaż ostatnie LICZBA przesłanych bajtów"

-#: src/main/help.c:262
+#: src/main/help.c:326
 msgid "FORMAT"
 msgstr "FORMAT"

-#: src/main/help.c:263
+#: src/main/help.c:327
 msgid "set output format to FORMAT"
 msgstr "ustaw FORMAT jako format wyjściowy"

-#: src/main/help.c:266
+#: src/main/help.c:330
 msgid "output percentages, not visual information"
 msgstr "wyświetl wyjście procentowo, bez graficznej prezentacji"

-#: src/main/help.c:269
+#: src/main/help.c:333
 msgid "do not output any transfer information at all"
 msgstr "nie wyświetlaj żadnych informacji o przesyłaniu"

-#: src/main/help.c:273
+#: src/main/help.c:337
 msgid "show number of bits transferred"
 msgstr "pokaż ilość przesłanych bitów"

-#: src/main/help.c:276
+#: src/main/help.c:340
 msgid "treat suffixes as multiples of 1000 rather than 1024"
 msgstr "traktuj przyrostki jako wielokrotności 1000 zamiast 1024"

-#: src/main/help.c:279
+#: src/main/help.c:343
 msgid "display nothing until first byte transferred"
 msgstr "nie wyświetlaj nic aż do pierwszego przesłanego bajtu"

-#: src/main/help.c:281 src/main/help.c:296 src/main/help.c:299
+#: src/main/help.c:345 src/main/help.c:360 src/main/help.c:363
 msgid "SEC"
 msgstr "SEKUNDY"

-#: src/main/help.c:282
+#: src/main/help.c:346
 msgid "display nothing until SEC seconds have passed"
 msgstr "nie wyświetlaj nic do momentu upłynięcia SEKUNDY sekund"

-#: src/main/help.c:284
+#: src/main/help.c:348
 msgid "SIZE"
 msgstr "ROZMIAR"

-#: src/main/help.c:285
+#: src/main/help.c:349
 msgid "set estimated data size to SIZE bytes"
 msgstr "ustaw oczekiwany rozmiar danych na ROZMIAR bajtów"

-#: src/main/help.c:288
+#: src/main/help.c:352
 msgid "if size unknown, show rate vs max rate"
 msgstr ""
 "jeśli rozmiar nie jest znany, wyświetl zestawienie prędkości do maksymalnej "
 "prędkości"

-#: src/main/help.c:291
+#: src/main/help.c:355
 msgid "count lines instead of bytes"
 msgstr "zliczaj linie zamiast bajty"

-#: src/main/help.c:294
+#: src/main/help.c:358
 msgid "lines are null-terminated"
 msgstr "linie są zakończone znakiem NUL"

-#: src/main/help.c:297
+#: src/main/help.c:361
 msgid "update every SEC seconds"
 msgstr "aktualizuj co każde SEKUNDY sekund"

-#: src/main/help.c:300
+#: src/main/help.c:364
 msgid "compute average rate over past SEC seconds (default 30s)"
 msgstr ""
 "oblicz średnią prędkość transferu na podstawie poprzednich SEKUNDY sekund "
 "(domyślnie 30 s)"

-#: src/main/help.c:302
+#: src/main/help.c:366
 msgid "WIDTH"
 msgstr "SZEROKOŚĆ"

-#: src/main/help.c:303
+#: src/main/help.c:367
 msgid "assume terminal is WIDTH characters wide"
 msgstr "przyjmij, że terminal ma szerokość SZEROKOŚĆ znaków"

-#: src/main/help.c:305
+#: src/main/help.c:369
 msgid "HEIGHT"
 msgstr "WYSOKOŚĆ"

-#: src/main/help.c:306
+#: src/main/help.c:370
 msgid "assume terminal is HEIGHT rows high"
 msgstr "przyjmij, że terminal ma wysokość WYSOKOŚĆ linii"

-#: src/main/help.c:308
+#: src/main/help.c:372
 msgid "NAME"
 msgstr "NAZWA"

-#: src/main/help.c:309
+#: src/main/help.c:373
 msgid "prefix visual information with NAME"
 msgstr "poprzedź informacje prefiksem NAZWA"

-#: src/main/help.c:311
+#: src/main/help.c:375
 msgid "STYLE"
 msgstr "STYL"

-#: src/main/help.c:312
-msgid "set default bar style to NAME"
+#: src/main/help.c:376
+msgid "set default bar style to STYLE"
 msgstr "ustaw domyślny styl paska postępu na STYL"

-#: src/main/help.c:314
+#: src/main/help.c:378
 msgid "SPEC"
 msgstr "SPEC"

-#: src/main/help.c:315
+#: src/main/help.c:379
 msgid "also send progress to SPEC"
 msgstr "wysyłaj postęp również do SPEC"

-#: src/main/help.c:318
+#: src/main/help.c:382
+msgid "set terminal progress state with OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+msgstr "aktualizacja stanu zaawansowania terminala za pomocą OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:385
 msgid "output transfer statistics at the end"
 msgstr "wyświetl na końcu statystyki transferu"

-#: src/main/help.c:321
+#: src/main/help.c:388
 msgid "output even if standard error is not a terminal"
 msgstr "pokaż wyjście nawet standardowe wyjście błędu nie jest terminalem"

-#: src/main/help.c:324
+#: src/main/help.c:391
 msgid "use cursor positioning escape sequences"
 msgstr "używaj znaków ucieczki do pozycjonowania kursora"

-#: src/main/help.c:327 src/main/help.c:357 src/main/help.c:369
-#: src/main/help.c:379
+#: src/main/help.c:394 src/main/help.c:430 src/main/help.c:449
+#: src/main/help.c:459
 msgid "FILE"
 msgstr "PLIK"

-#: src/main/help.c:328
+#: src/main/help.c:395
 msgid "write output to FILE instead of stdout"
 msgstr "zapisz wyjście do PLIK zamiast do wyjścia standardowego"

-#: src/main/help.c:330
+#: src/main/help.c:397
 msgid "RATE"
 msgstr "PRĘDKOŚĆ"

-#: src/main/help.c:331
+#: src/main/help.c:398
 msgid "limit transfer to RATE bytes per second"
 msgstr "ogranicz przesyłane dane do PRĘDKOŚĆ bajtów na sekundę"

-#: src/main/help.c:333 src/main/help.c:342
+#: src/main/help.c:400 src/main/help.c:406 src/main/help.c:412
 msgid "BYTES"
 msgstr "BAJTY"

-#: src/main/help.c:334
+#: src/main/help.c:401
 msgid "use a buffer size of BYTES"
 msgstr "użyj bufora o rozmiarze BAJTY"

-#: src/main/help.c:337
+#: src/main/help.c:404
 msgid "never use splice(), always use read/write"
 msgstr "nigdy nie używaj splice(), zawsze używaj read/write"

-#: src/main/help.c:340
+#: src/main/help.c:407
+msgid "set the pipe buffer size to BYTES"
+msgstr "użyj bufora potokowego o rozmiarze BAJTY"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:410
 msgid "skip read errors in input"
 msgstr "pomijaj błędy odczytu wejścia"

-#: src/main/help.c:343
+#: src/main/help.c:413
 msgid "skip errors in BYTES blocks at a time"
 msgstr "pomijaj błędy w blokach po BAJTY bajtów na raz"

-#: src/main/help.c:346
+#: src/main/help.c:416
 msgid "stop after --size bytes have been transferred"
 msgstr "zakończ po przesłaniu --size bajtów"

-#: src/main/help.c:349
+#: src/main/help.c:419
 msgid "flush cache to disk after every write"
 msgstr "wymuś zapis pamięci podręcznej na dysk po każdym zapisie"

-#: src/main/help.c:352
+#: src/main/help.c:422
 msgid "use direct I/O to bypass cache"
 msgstr ""
 "użyj bezpośredniego wejścia/wyjścia celem pominięcia pamięci podręcznej"

-#: src/main/help.c:355
+#: src/main/help.c:425
+msgid "try to seek instead of writing null bytes"
+msgstr "próbuj przewinąć zamiast wypisywać zerowe bajty"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:428
 msgid "discard input instead of writing to output"
 msgstr "zignoruj dane wejściowe zamiast wyświetlić je na wyjściu standardowym"

-#: src/main/help.c:358
+#: src/main/help.c:431
 msgid "write all input to FILE before writing to output"
 msgstr ""
 "zapisz wszystkie dane wejściowe do PLIK przed wyświetleniem ich na wyjściu"

-#: src/main/help.c:360
-msgid "PID[:FD]"
-msgstr "PID[:FD]"
+#: src/main/help.c:434
+msgid "PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTFILE"
+msgstr "PID[:FD]|=NAZWA|@PLIKLISTY"

-#: src/main/help.c:361
+#: src/main/help.c:435
 msgid "watch file FD opened by process PID"
 msgstr "obserwuj plik FD otworzony przez proces PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:364
+#: src/main/help.c:438 src/main/help.c:441
 msgid "PID"
 msgstr "PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:365
+#: src/main/help.c:439
 msgid "update settings of process PID"
 msgstr "zaktualizuj ustawienia procesu PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:370
+#: src/main/help.c:442
+msgid "show progress of process PID"
+msgstr "pokaż postęp procesu PID"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:446
+msgid "run a command and monitor its standard input, output, or both"
+msgstr "uruchom polecenie i monitoruj jego wejście i/lub wyjście standardowe"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:450
 msgid "save process ID in FILE"
 msgstr "zapisz ID procesu do PLIK"

-#: src/main/help.c:373
+#: src/main/help.c:453
 msgid "show this help and exit"
 msgstr "wyświetl te informacje z pomocą i wyjdź"

-#: src/main/help.c:376
+#: src/main/help.c:456
 msgid "show version information and exit"
 msgstr "wyświetl informacje o wersji i wyjdź"

-#: src/main/help.c:380
+#: src/main/help.c:460
 msgid "write debug logs to FILE"
 msgstr "zapisz logi debugujące do PLIK"

-#: src/main/help.c:406
+#: src/main/help.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]..."
 msgstr "Sposób użycia: %s [OPCJA] [PLIK]..."

-#: src/main/help.c:417
+#: src/main/help.c:497
 msgid ""
 "Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring."
 msgstr ""
 "Łączenie PLIK(ów) lub wejścia standardowego, do wyjścia standardowego z "
-"monitoringiem."
+"monitorowaniem."

-#: src/main/help.c:555
+#: src/main/help.c:639
 msgid "Supported format sequences:"
 msgstr "Wspierane sekwencje formatowania:"

-#: src/main/help.c:569
+#: src/main/help.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please report any bugs to: %s"
 msgstr "Proszę przesyłać zgłoszenia błędów do %s"

-#: src/main/main.c:232
+#: src/main/main.c:225
 msgid "(input)"
 msgstr "(wejście)"

-#: src/main/main.c:328
-msgid "state allocation failed"
-msgstr "alokacja stanu programu nie powiodła się"
+#: src/main/main.c:381 src/main/options.c:1359
+msgid "a command to run must be specified"
+msgstr "polecenie do uruchomienia musi zostać określone"

-#: src/main/options.c:144 src/pv/file.c:324
-msgid "failed to stat file"
-msgstr "nie udało się wykonać operacji stat na pliku"
+#: src/main/main.c:704 src/main/options.c:757 src/main/options.c:777
+#: src/pv/display.c:1086 src/pv/state.c:45 src/pv/state.c:902
+#: src/pv/state.c:914 src/pv/state.c:950 src/pv/transfer.c:1335
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1451 src/pv/transfer.c:1778
+msgid "memory allocation failure"
+msgstr "błąd przydziału pamięci"

-#: src/main/options.c:158
-msgid "is a directory"
-msgstr "jest katalogiem"
+#: src/main/options.c:418
+msgid "list files may not contain @ lines"
+msgstr "pliki list nie mogą zawierać linii wykorzystujących @"

-#: src/main/options.c:187
-msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
-msgstr "nie udało się wygenerować nazwy pliku dla sysfs"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:209
-msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
-msgstr "nie udało się odczytać rozmiaru pliku sysfs"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:229
-msgid "failed to open block device"
-msgstr "nie udało się otworzyć urządzenia blokowego"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:239
-msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
-msgstr "nie udało się ustalić rozmiaru urządzenia blokowego"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:345
-msgid "option structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "nie udało się zaalokować struktur opcji"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:364
-msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
-msgstr "nie udało się zaalokować struktur opcji argv"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:417
-msgid "numeric value not understood"
-msgstr "wartość liczbowa niezrozumiana"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:435
-msgid "integer argument expected"
-msgstr "oczekiwany argument typu liczby całkowitej"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:447
-msgid "numeric argument expected"
-msgstr "oczekiwany argument liczbowy"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:458
+#: src/main/options.c:438 src/main/options.c:440 src/main/options.c:901
 msgid "process ID or pid:fd pair expected"
 msgstr "oczekiwany proces ID lub para PID:FD"

-#: src/main/options.c:465
+#: src/main/options.c:449 src/main/options.c:451 src/main/options.c:908
 msgid "invalid process ID"
 msgstr "niepoprawne ID procesu"

-#: src/main/options.c:698
+#: src/main/options.c:829
+msgid "numeric value not understood"
+msgstr "wartość liczbowa niezrozumiana"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:843
+msgid "integer argument expected"
+msgstr "oczekiwany argument typu liczby całkowitej"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:853
+msgid "numeric argument expected"
+msgstr "oczekiwany argument liczbowy"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:864
+msgid "missing filename"
+msgstr "brakująca nazwa pliku"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:890
+msgid "missing process name"
+msgstr "brakująca nazwa procesu"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1182
+msgid "invalid side specification"
+msgstr "niepoprawne określenie monitorowanych stron"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1197
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s --help' for more information."
 msgstr "Spróbuj `%s --help' by uzyskać więcej informacji."

-#: src/main/options.c:700
+#: src/main/options.c:1199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s -h' for more information."
 msgstr "Spróbuj `%s -h' by uzyskać więcej informacji."

-#: src/main/options.c:731
+#: src/main/options.c:1231
 msgid ""
 "cannot use line mode or transfer modifier options when watching file "
 "descriptors"
@@ -368,33 +379,47 @@ msgstr ""
 "nie można użyć trybu zliczania linii lub opcji modyfikujących przesył "
 "łącznie z opcją obserwowania deskryptorów plików"

-#: src/main/options.c:740
+#: src/main/options.c:1239
 msgid "cannot use cursor positioning when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""
 "nie można użyć pozycjonowania kursora łącznie z opcją obserwowania "
 "deskryptorów plików"

-#: src/main/options.c:749
+#: src/main/options.c:1247
 msgid "cannot use remote control when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""
-"nie można użyć opcji zaktualizowania ustawień procesu łącznie z opcją "
-"obserwowania deskryptorów plików"
+"nie można korzystać ze zdalnego sterowania łącznie z obserwowaniem "
+"deskryptorów plików"

-#: src/main/options.c:758
+#: src/main/options.c:1255
+msgid "cannot use remote query when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+"nie można korzystać ze zdalnego odczytu łącznie z obserwowaniem deskryptorów "
+"plików"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1263
 msgid "cannot transfer files when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr "nie można przesyłać plików z opcją obserwowania deskryptorów plików"

-#: src/main/options.c:773
+#: src/main/options.c:1287
 msgid "not available on systems without /proc/self/fdinfo"
 msgstr "niedostępne na systemach bez /proc/self/fdinfo"

-#: src/main/remote.c:309
-msgid "message not received"
-msgstr "wiadomość nieodebrana"
+#: src/main/options.c:1298
+msgid "cannot use remote control and remote query together"
+msgstr "nie można użyć zdalnego sterowania i zdalnego odczytu jednocześnie"

-#: src/main/remote.c:440
-msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
-msgstr "SA_SIGINFO nie jest wspierane na tym systemie"
+#: src/main/options.c:1325
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr "tryb monitorowania nie może być określony z tą opcją"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1337
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be used with store-and-forward"
+msgstr "tryb monitorowania nie może być użyty z store-and-forward"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1348
+msgid "files cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr "pliki nie mogą być określone przy użyciu tej opcji"

 #: src/main/version.c:28
 msgid "License: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
@@ -412,169 +437,203 @@ msgstr "Nie udziela się GWARANCJI w zakresie dozwolonym przez prawo."
 msgid "Project web site"
 msgstr "Strona projektu"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:61
-msgid "failed to get terminal name"
-msgstr "nie udało się uzyskać nazwy terminala"
-
-# "Przewidywany czas ukończenia" for ETA is too long
-#: src/pv/cursor.c:106
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:108 src/pv/cursor.c:135
 msgid "failed to open lock file"
 msgstr "nie udało się otworzyć pliku blokowania zasobów"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:139
-msgid "lock attempt failed"
-msgstr "blokada zasobów nie powiodła się"
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:790 src/pv/cursor.c:792
+msgid "interrupted by a signal"
+msgstr "przerwany przez sygnał"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:400
-msgid "failed to open terminal"
-msgstr "nie udało się otworzyć terminala"
-
-#: src/pv/display.c:249
+#: src/pv/display.c:311
 msgid "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"
 msgstr "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"

-#: src/pv/display.c:267
+#: src/pv/display.c:329
 msgid "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"
 msgstr "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"

-#: src/pv/display.c:989 src/pv/transfer.c:1056
-msgid "buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr "nie udało się zaalokować bufora"
+#: src/pv/file.c:81
+msgid "/dev/null is not usable"
+msgstr "/dev/null nie nadaje się do użytku"

-#: src/pv/file.c:149
-msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
-msgstr "nie udało się przewinąć wyjścia do początku"
+#: src/pv/file.c:371
+msgid "error closing file"
+msgstr "błąd zamknięcia pliku"

-# "Przewidywany czas ukończenia" for ETA is too long
-#: src/pv/file.c:294
-msgid "failed to close file"
-msgstr "nie udało się zamknąć pliku"
+#: src/pv/file.c:438
+msgid "input file is also the output"
+msgstr "plik wejściowy jest również plikiem wyjściowym"

-#: src/pv/file.c:317
-msgid "failed to read file"
-msgstr "nie udało się odczytać pliku"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:332
-msgid "failed to stat output file"
-msgstr "nie udało się wykonać operacji stat na pliku wyjściowym"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:354
-msgid "input file is output file"
-msgstr "plik wejściowy jest zarazem plikiem wyjściowym"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:412
+#: src/pv/file.c:596
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(brak)"

-#: src/pv/file.c:414
+#: src/pv/file.c:598
 msgid "(stdin)"
 msgstr "(stdin)"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:93
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:37 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:92
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:36 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "b/s"
 msgstr "b/s"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40
 msgid "/s"
 msgstr "/s"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "B/s"
 msgstr "B/s"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:37
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:35
 msgid "b"
 msgstr "b"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:41 src/pv/transfer.c:594
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:39 src/pv/transfer.c:1284
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"

-#: src/pv/format/eta.c:53 src/pv/format/eta.c:57
+# "Przewidywany czas ukończenia" for ETA is too long
+#: src/pv/format/eta.c:63 src/pv/format/eta.c:67
 msgid "ETA"
 msgstr "ETA"

-#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:81
+#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:93
 msgid "FIN"
 msgstr "FIN"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:550
+#: src/pv/loop.c:180
 msgid "rate min/avg/max/mdev"
 msgstr "prędkość min/śr/max/odch"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:562
+#: src/pv/loop.c:192
 msgid "rate not measured"
 msgstr "prędkość niezmierzona"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:772 src/pv/loop.c:823 src/pv/loop.c:876 src/pv/watchpid.c:99
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:120 src/pv/watchpid.c:128
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:165 src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:192
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:202 src/pv/watchpid.c:300 src/pv/watchpid.c:308
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:385 src/pv/watchpid.c:406
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1098 src/pv/loop.c:1114 src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/remote.c:93
+#: src/pv/remote.c:188 src/pv/remote.c:536 src/pv/remote.c:582
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:123 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:158 src/pv/watchpid.c:194
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:206 src/pv/watchpid.c:218 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:286 src/pv/watchpid.c:401
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:409 src/pv/watchpid.c:556 src/pv/watchpid.c:565
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:586
 msgid "pid"
 msgstr "pid"

-#: src/pv/state.c:40
-msgid "history structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "nie udało się zaalokować struktury historii"
-
-#: src/pv/state.c:617 src/pv/state.c:628
-msgid "file list allocation failed"
-msgstr "nie udało się zaalokować listy plików"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:463
-msgid "read failed"
-msgstr "błąd odczytu"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:479
-msgid "warning: read errors detected"
-msgstr "ostrzeżenie: błędy odczytu wykryte"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:495
-msgid "file is not seekable"
-msgstr "pliku nie da się przewijać"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:573
-msgid "failed to seek past error"
-msgstr "nie udało się przewinąć za błąd"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:593
-msgid "skipped past read error"
-msgstr "pominięto błąd odczytu"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:634
-msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
-msgstr "brak zaalokowanego bufora transferu"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:676
-msgid "failed to set interval timer"
-msgstr "nie udało się ustawić interwału czasowego"
-
-# "Przewidywany czas ukończenia" for ETA is too long
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:702
-msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
-msgstr "nie udało się wyczyścić interwału czasowego"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:744
-msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr "alokacja buforu pozycji linii nie powiodła się"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:917
-msgid "write failed"
-msgstr "błąd zapisu"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:1154
-msgid "select call failed"
-msgstr "nie udało się wywołać funkcji select"
-
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:121 src/pv/watchpid.c:130
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:193 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "fd"
 msgstr "fd"

-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:130 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/remote.c:242 src/pv/remote.c:636
+msgid "message not received"
+msgstr "wiadomość nieodebrana"
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:659 src/pv/remote.c:677
+msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
+msgstr "SA_SIGINFO nie jest wspierane na tym systemie"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1173
+msgid "warning: read errors detected"
+msgstr "ostrzeżenie: błędy odczytu wykryte"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1283
+msgid "skipped past read error"
+msgstr "pominięto błąd odczytu"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1642
+msgid "write error"
+msgstr "błąd zapisu"
+
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "not a regular file or block device"
 msgstr "plik nie jest plikiem regularnym lub urządzeniem blokowym"
+
+#~ msgid "state allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "alokacja stanu programu nie powiodła się"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat file"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się wykonać operacji stat na pliku"
+
+#~ msgid "is a directory"
+#~ msgstr "jest katalogiem"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się wygenerować nazwy pliku dla sysfs"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się odczytać rozmiaru pliku sysfs"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open block device"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się otworzyć urządzenia blokowego"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się ustalić rozmiaru urządzenia blokowego"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się zaalokować struktur opcji"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się zaalokować struktur opcji argv"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to get terminal name"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się uzyskać nazwy terminala"
+
+#~ msgid "lock attempt failed"
+#~ msgstr "blokada zasobów nie powiodła się"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open terminal"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się otworzyć terminala"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się przewinąć wyjścia do początku"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read file"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się odczytać pliku"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat output file"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się wykonać operacji stat na pliku wyjściowym"
+
+#~ msgid "history structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się zaalokować struktury historii"
+
+#~ msgid "file list allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się zaalokować listy plików"
+
+#~ msgid "read failed"
+#~ msgstr "błąd odczytu"
+
+#~ msgid "file is not seekable"
+#~ msgstr "pliku nie da się przewijać"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek past error"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się przewinąć za błąd"
+
+#~ msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
+#~ msgstr "brak zaalokowanego bufora transferu"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to set interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się ustawić interwału czasowego"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się wyczyścić interwału czasowego"
+
+#~ msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "alokacja buforu pozycji linii nie powiodła się"
+
+#~ msgid "select call failed"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się wywołać funkcji select"
+
+#~ msgid "process list allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się zaalokować listy procesów"
+
+#~ msgid "file descriptor list allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "nie udało się zaalokować listy deskryptorów plików"
+
+#~ msgid "PID[:FD]"
+#~ msgstr "PID[:FD]"
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pv@ivarch.com\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-28 21:21+0000\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-08-01 14:53+0100\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -15,343 +15,354 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

-#: src/main/help.c:236
+#: src/main/help.c:300
 msgid "show progress bar"
 msgstr "exibe barra de progressão"

-#: src/main/help.c:239
+#: src/main/help.c:303
 msgid "show elapsed time"
 msgstr "exibe tempo passado"

-#: src/main/help.c:242
+#: src/main/help.c:306
 msgid "show estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "exibe o tempo estimado de término"

-#: src/main/help.c:245
+#: src/main/help.c:309
 msgid "show absolute estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "exibe o tempo absoluto estimado de término"

-#: src/main/help.c:248
+#: src/main/help.c:312
 msgid "show data transfer rate counter"
 msgstr "exibe a taxa de transferência"

-#: src/main/help.c:251
+#: src/main/help.c:315
 msgid "show data transfer average rate counter"
 msgstr "exibe o contador da taxa média de transferência de dados"

-#: src/main/help.c:254
+#: src/main/help.c:318
 msgid "show number of bytes transferred"
 msgstr "exibe a quantidade de bytes transferidos"

-#: src/main/help.c:257
+#: src/main/help.c:321
 msgid "show percentage of transfer buffer in use"
 msgstr "exibe a porcentagem de buffer de transferência em uso"

-#: src/main/help.c:259
+#: src/main/help.c:323
 msgid "NUM"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:260
+#: src/main/help.c:324
 msgid "show NUM bytes last written"
 msgstr "exibe NUM bytes gravados pela última vez"

-#: src/main/help.c:262
+#: src/main/help.c:326
 msgid "FORMAT"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:263
+#: src/main/help.c:327
 msgid "set output format to FORMAT"
 msgstr "definir o formato de saída para FORMAT"

-#: src/main/help.c:266
+#: src/main/help.c:330
 msgid "output percentages, not visual information"
 msgstr "exibe apenas as porcentagens, sem informações visuais"

-#: src/main/help.c:269
+#: src/main/help.c:333
 msgid "do not output any transfer information at all"
 msgstr "executa programa sem exibir quaisquer informações"

-#: src/main/help.c:273
+#: src/main/help.c:337
 msgid "show number of bits transferred"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:276
+#: src/main/help.c:340
 msgid "treat suffixes as multiples of 1000 rather than 1024"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:279
+#: src/main/help.c:343
 msgid "display nothing until first byte transferred"
 msgstr "não exibe nada até iniciar o processamento"

-#: src/main/help.c:281 src/main/help.c:296 src/main/help.c:299
+#: src/main/help.c:345 src/main/help.c:360 src/main/help.c:363
 msgid "SEC"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:282
+#: src/main/help.c:346
 msgid "display nothing until SEC seconds have passed"
 msgstr "não exibir nada até que os segundos SEC tenham passado"

-#: src/main/help.c:284
+#: src/main/help.c:348
 msgid "SIZE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:285
+#: src/main/help.c:349
 msgid "set estimated data size to SIZE bytes"
 msgstr "seta a quantidade estimada de dados em SIZE bytes"

-#: src/main/help.c:288
+#: src/main/help.c:352
 msgid "if size unknown, show rate vs max rate"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:291
+#: src/main/help.c:355
 msgid "count lines instead of bytes"
 msgstr "contar linhas em vez de bytes"

-#: src/main/help.c:294
+#: src/main/help.c:358
 msgid "lines are null-terminated"
 msgstr "linhas são terminadas em nulo"

-#: src/main/help.c:297
+#: src/main/help.c:361
 msgid "update every SEC seconds"
 msgstr "atualiza informações a cada SEC segundos"

-#: src/main/help.c:300
+#: src/main/help.c:364
 msgid "compute average rate over past SEC seconds (default 30s)"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:302
+#: src/main/help.c:366
 msgid "WIDTH"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:303
+#: src/main/help.c:367
 msgid "assume terminal is WIDTH characters wide"
 msgstr "presuma que o terminal tem WIDTH caracteres de largura"

-#: src/main/help.c:305
+#: src/main/help.c:369
 msgid "HEIGHT"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:306
+#: src/main/help.c:370
 msgid "assume terminal is HEIGHT rows high"
 msgstr "presuma que o terminal tem HEIGHT caracteres de altura"

-#: src/main/help.c:308
+#: src/main/help.c:372
 msgid "NAME"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:309
+#: src/main/help.c:373
 msgid "prefix visual information with NAME"
 msgstr "exibe NAME antes das demais informações"

-#: src/main/help.c:311
+#: src/main/help.c:375
 msgid "STYLE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:312
-msgid "set default bar style to NAME"
+#: src/main/help.c:376
+msgid "set default bar style to STYLE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:314
+#: src/main/help.c:378
 msgid "SPEC"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:315
+#: src/main/help.c:379
 msgid "also send progress to SPEC"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:318
+#: src/main/help.c:382
+msgid "set terminal progress state with OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:385
 msgid "output transfer statistics at the end"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:321
+#: src/main/help.c:388
 msgid "output even if standard error is not a terminal"
 msgstr "gera dados mesmo que a saída de erro seja redirecionada"

-#: src/main/help.c:324
+#: src/main/help.c:391
 msgid "use cursor positioning escape sequences"
 msgstr "utiliza caracteres de escape para posicionar o cursor"

-#: src/main/help.c:327 src/main/help.c:357 src/main/help.c:369
-#: src/main/help.c:379
+#: src/main/help.c:394 src/main/help.c:430 src/main/help.c:449
+#: src/main/help.c:459
 msgid "FILE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:328
+#: src/main/help.c:395
 msgid "write output to FILE instead of stdout"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:330
+#: src/main/help.c:397
 msgid "RATE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:331
+#: src/main/help.c:398
 msgid "limit transfer to RATE bytes per second"
 msgstr "limita a transferência a RATE bytes por segundo"

-#: src/main/help.c:333 src/main/help.c:342
+#: src/main/help.c:400 src/main/help.c:406 src/main/help.c:412
 msgid "BYTES"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:334
+#: src/main/help.c:401
 msgid "use a buffer size of BYTES"
 msgstr "use um tamanho de buffer de BYTES"

-#: src/main/help.c:337
+#: src/main/help.c:404
 msgid "never use splice(), always use read/write"
 msgstr "nunca use splice(), sempre use read/write"

-#: src/main/help.c:340
+#: src/main/help.c:407
+msgid "set the pipe buffer size to BYTES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:410
 msgid "skip read errors in input"
 msgstr "ignorar erros de leitura em entrada"

-#: src/main/help.c:343
+#: src/main/help.c:413
 msgid "skip errors in BYTES blocks at a time"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:346
+#: src/main/help.c:416
 msgid "stop after --size bytes have been transferred"
 msgstr "parar após --size bytes terem sido transferidos"

-#: src/main/help.c:349
+#: src/main/help.c:419
 msgid "flush cache to disk after every write"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:352
+#: src/main/help.c:422
 msgid "use direct I/O to bypass cache"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:355
+#: src/main/help.c:425
+msgid "try to seek instead of writing null bytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:428
 msgid "discard input instead of writing to output"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:358
+#: src/main/help.c:431
 msgid "write all input to FILE before writing to output"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:360
-msgid "PID[:FD]"
+#: src/main/help.c:434
+msgid "PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTFILE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:361
+#: src/main/help.c:435
 msgid "watch file FD opened by process PID"
 msgstr "assistir arquivo FD aberto pelo processo PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:364
+#: src/main/help.c:438 src/main/help.c:441
 msgid "PID"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:365
+#: src/main/help.c:439
 msgid "update settings of process PID"
 msgstr "atualizar as configurações do processo PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:370
+#: src/main/help.c:442
+msgid "show progress of process PID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:446
+msgid "run a command and monitor its standard input, output, or both"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:450
 msgid "save process ID in FILE"
 msgstr "salvar ID do processo em FILE"

-#: src/main/help.c:373
+#: src/main/help.c:453
 msgid "show this help and exit"
 msgstr "exibe esta tela de ajuda e termina"

-#: src/main/help.c:376
+#: src/main/help.c:456
 msgid "show version information and exit"
 msgstr "exibe a versão e termina"

-#: src/main/help.c:380
+#: src/main/help.c:460
 msgid "write debug logs to FILE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:406
+#: src/main/help.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]..."
 msgstr "Uso: %s [OPÇÕES] [ARQUIVOS]..."

-#: src/main/help.c:417
+#: src/main/help.c:497
 msgid ""
 "Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring."
 msgstr ""
 "Concatena ARQUIVO(s) ou a entrada padrão e grava na saída padrão, com "
 "monitoramento."

-#: src/main/help.c:555
+#: src/main/help.c:639
 msgid "Supported format sequences:"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:569
+#: src/main/help.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please report any bugs to: %s"
 msgstr "Por favor, reporte quaisquer defeitos para %s"

-#: src/main/main.c:232
+#: src/main/main.c:225
 msgid "(input)"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/main.c:328
-msgid "state allocation failed"
-msgstr "alocação de memória de status falhou"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:144 src/pv/file.c:324
-msgid "failed to stat file"
-msgstr "erro obtendo informações do arquivo"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:158
-msgid "is a directory"
+#: src/main/main.c:381 src/main/options.c:1359
+msgid "a command to run must be specified"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:187
-msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
+#: src/main/main.c:704 src/main/options.c:757 src/main/options.c:777
+#: src/pv/display.c:1086 src/pv/state.c:45 src/pv/state.c:902
+#: src/pv/state.c:914 src/pv/state.c:950 src/pv/transfer.c:1335
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1451 src/pv/transfer.c:1778
+msgid "memory allocation failure"
+msgstr "falha de alocação de memória"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:418
+msgid "list files may not contain @ lines"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:209
-msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:229
-msgid "failed to open block device"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:239
-msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:345
-msgid "option structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "erro na alocação da estrutura de opções"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:364
-msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
-msgstr "erro na alocação da estrutura de opções argv"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:417
-msgid "numeric value not understood"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:435
-msgid "integer argument expected"
-msgstr "argumento inteiro esperado"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:447
-msgid "numeric argument expected"
-msgstr "argumento numérico esperado"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:458
+#: src/main/options.c:438 src/main/options.c:440 src/main/options.c:901
 msgid "process ID or pid:fd pair expected"
 msgstr "ID do processo ou par pid:fd esperado"

-#: src/main/options.c:465
+#: src/main/options.c:449 src/main/options.c:451 src/main/options.c:908
 msgid "invalid process ID"
 msgstr "ID de processo inválido"

-#: src/main/options.c:698
+#: src/main/options.c:829
+msgid "numeric value not understood"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:843
+msgid "integer argument expected"
+msgstr "argumento inteiro esperado"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:853
+msgid "numeric argument expected"
+msgstr "argumento numérico esperado"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:864
+msgid "missing filename"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:890
+msgid "missing process name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1182
+msgid "invalid side specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1197
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s --help' for more information."
 msgstr "Tente `%s --help' para maiores informações."

-#: src/main/options.c:700
+#: src/main/options.c:1199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s -h' for more information."
 msgstr "Tente `%s -h' para maiores informações."

-#: src/main/options.c:731
+#: src/main/options.c:1231
 msgid ""
 "cannot use line mode or transfer modifier options when watching file "
 "descriptors"
@@ -359,31 +370,43 @@ msgstr ""
 "não pode usar o modo de linha ou opções de modificador de transferência ao "
 "assistir os descritores de arquivo"

-#: src/main/options.c:740
+#: src/main/options.c:1239
 msgid "cannot use cursor positioning when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""
 "não pode usar o posicionamento do cursor ao observar os descritores de "
 "arquivo"

-#: src/main/options.c:749
+#: src/main/options.c:1247
 msgid "cannot use remote control when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr "não pode usar o controle remoto ao assistir os descritores de arquivo"

-#: src/main/options.c:758
+#: src/main/options.c:1255
+msgid "cannot use remote query when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1263
 msgid "cannot transfer files when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr "não pode transferir arquivos ao assistir descritores de arquivo"

-#: src/main/options.c:773
+#: src/main/options.c:1287
 msgid "not available on systems without /proc/self/fdinfo"
 msgstr "não disponível em sistemas sem /proc/self/fdinfo"

-#: src/main/remote.c:309
-msgid "message not received"
-msgstr "mensagem não recebida"
+#: src/main/options.c:1298
+msgid "cannot use remote control and remote query together"
+msgstr ""

-#: src/main/remote.c:440
-msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
-msgstr "SA_SIGINFO não suportado neste sistema"
+#: src/main/options.c:1325
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1337
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be used with store-and-forward"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1348
+msgid "files cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr ""

 #: src/main/version.c:28
 msgid "License: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
@@ -401,166 +424,160 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Project web site"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:61
-msgid "failed to get terminal name"
-msgstr "erro ao ler o nome do terminal"
-
-#: src/pv/cursor.c:106
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:108 src/pv/cursor.c:135
 msgid "failed to open lock file"
 msgstr "erro ao abrir arquivo de bloqueio"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:139
-msgid "lock attempt failed"
-msgstr "tentativa de bloqueio falhou"
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:790 src/pv/cursor.c:792
+msgid "interrupted by a signal"
+msgstr "interrompido por um sinal"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:400
-msgid "failed to open terminal"
-msgstr "erro abrindo o terminal"
-
-#: src/pv/display.c:249
+#: src/pv/display.c:311
 msgid "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/display.c:267
+#: src/pv/display.c:329
 msgid "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/display.c:989 src/pv/transfer.c:1056
-msgid "buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr "erro alocando o buffer"
+#: src/pv/file.c:81
+msgid "/dev/null is not usable"
+msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/file.c:149
-msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
-msgstr "não pode mover para o início da produção"
+#: src/pv/file.c:371
+msgid "error closing file"
+msgstr "erro ao fechar o ficheiro"

-#: src/pv/file.c:294
-msgid "failed to close file"
-msgstr "erro fechando o arquivo"
+#: src/pv/file.c:438
+msgid "input file is also the output"
+msgstr "ficheiro de entrada também é a saída"

-#: src/pv/file.c:317
-msgid "failed to read file"
-msgstr "erro lendo o arquivo"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:332
-msgid "failed to stat output file"
-msgstr "erro obtendo informações do arquivo de saída"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:354
-msgid "input file is output file"
-msgstr "os arquivos de entrada e saída são o mesmo"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:412
+#: src/pv/file.c:596
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/file.c:414
+#: src/pv/file.c:598
 msgid "(stdin)"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:93
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:37 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:92
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:36 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "b/s"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40
 msgid "/s"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "B/s"
 msgstr "B/s"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:37
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:35
 msgid "b"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:41 src/pv/transfer.c:594
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:39 src/pv/transfer.c:1284
 msgid "B"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/format/eta.c:53 src/pv/format/eta.c:57
+#: src/pv/format/eta.c:63 src/pv/format/eta.c:67
 msgid "ETA"
 msgstr "ETA"

-#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:81
+#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:93
 msgid "FIN"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/loop.c:550
+#: src/pv/loop.c:180
 msgid "rate min/avg/max/mdev"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/loop.c:562
+#: src/pv/loop.c:192
 msgid "rate not measured"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/loop.c:772 src/pv/loop.c:823 src/pv/loop.c:876 src/pv/watchpid.c:99
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:120 src/pv/watchpid.c:128
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:165 src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:192
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:202 src/pv/watchpid.c:300 src/pv/watchpid.c:308
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:385 src/pv/watchpid.c:406
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1098 src/pv/loop.c:1114 src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/remote.c:93
+#: src/pv/remote.c:188 src/pv/remote.c:536 src/pv/remote.c:582
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:123 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:158 src/pv/watchpid.c:194
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:206 src/pv/watchpid.c:218 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:286 src/pv/watchpid.c:401
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:409 src/pv/watchpid.c:556 src/pv/watchpid.c:565
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:586
 msgid "pid"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/state.c:40
-msgid "history structure allocation failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/state.c:617 src/pv/state.c:628
-msgid "file list allocation failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:463
-msgid "read failed"
-msgstr "erro de leitura"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:479
-msgid "warning: read errors detected"
-msgstr "aviso: erros de leitura detectados"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:495
-msgid "file is not seekable"
-msgstr "não pode mover dentro do arquivo"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:573
-msgid "failed to seek past error"
-msgstr "não pode ir além do erro"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:593
-msgid "skipped past read error"
-msgstr "ignorado erro de leitura"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:634
-msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:676
-msgid "failed to set interval timer"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:702
-msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:744
-msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:917
-msgid "write failed"
-msgstr "erro de gravação"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:1154
-msgid "select call failed"
-msgstr "erro na chamada da função select"
-
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:121 src/pv/watchpid.c:130
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:193 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "fd"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:130 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/remote.c:242 src/pv/remote.c:636
+msgid "message not received"
+msgstr "mensagem não recebida"
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:659 src/pv/remote.c:677
+msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
+msgstr "SA_SIGINFO não suportado neste sistema"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1173
+msgid "warning: read errors detected"
+msgstr "aviso: erros de leitura detectados"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1283
+msgid "skipped past read error"
+msgstr "ignorado erro de leitura"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1642
+msgid "write error"
+msgstr "erro de escrita"
+
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "not a regular file or block device"
 msgstr "não é um arquivo regular ou dispositivo de bloqueio"
+
+#~ msgid "state allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "alocação de memória de status falhou"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat file"
+#~ msgstr "erro obtendo informações do arquivo"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "erro na alocação da estrutura de opções"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "erro na alocação da estrutura de opções argv"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to get terminal name"
+#~ msgstr "erro ao ler o nome do terminal"
+
+#~ msgid "lock attempt failed"
+#~ msgstr "tentativa de bloqueio falhou"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open terminal"
+#~ msgstr "erro abrindo o terminal"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
+#~ msgstr "não pode mover para o início da produção"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read file"
+#~ msgstr "erro lendo o arquivo"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat output file"
+#~ msgstr "erro obtendo informações do arquivo de saída"
+
+#~ msgid "read failed"
+#~ msgstr "erro de leitura"
+
+#~ msgid "file is not seekable"
+#~ msgstr "não pode mover dentro do arquivo"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek past error"
+#~ msgstr "não pode ir além do erro"
+
+#~ msgid "select call failed"
+#~ msgstr "erro na chamada da função select"
@@ -1,374 +1,400 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pv@ivarch.com\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-28 21:21+0000\n"
-"Language: es\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: pv 1.11.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-08-01 14:53+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Language-Team: Romanian <https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/pv/pv/ro/>\n"
+"Language: ro\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

-#: src/main/help.c:236
+#: src/main/help.c:300
 msgid "show progress bar"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:239
+#: src/main/help.c:303
 msgid "show elapsed time"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:242
+#: src/main/help.c:306
 msgid "show estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:245
+#: src/main/help.c:309
 msgid "show absolute estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:248
+#: src/main/help.c:312
 msgid "show data transfer rate counter"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:251
+#: src/main/help.c:315
 msgid "show data transfer average rate counter"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:254
+#: src/main/help.c:318
 msgid "show number of bytes transferred"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:257
+#: src/main/help.c:321
 msgid "show percentage of transfer buffer in use"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:259
+#: src/main/help.c:323
 msgid "NUM"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:260
+#: src/main/help.c:324
 msgid "show NUM bytes last written"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:262
+#: src/main/help.c:326
 msgid "FORMAT"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:263
+#: src/main/help.c:327
 msgid "set output format to FORMAT"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:266
+#: src/main/help.c:330
 msgid "output percentages, not visual information"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:269
+#: src/main/help.c:333
 msgid "do not output any transfer information at all"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:273
+#: src/main/help.c:337
 msgid "show number of bits transferred"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:276
+#: src/main/help.c:340
 msgid "treat suffixes as multiples of 1000 rather than 1024"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:279
+#: src/main/help.c:343
 msgid "display nothing until first byte transferred"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:281 src/main/help.c:296 src/main/help.c:299
+#: src/main/help.c:345 src/main/help.c:360 src/main/help.c:363
 msgid "SEC"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:282
+#: src/main/help.c:346
 msgid "display nothing until SEC seconds have passed"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:284
+#: src/main/help.c:348
 msgid "SIZE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:285
+#: src/main/help.c:349
 msgid "set estimated data size to SIZE bytes"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:288
+#: src/main/help.c:352
 msgid "if size unknown, show rate vs max rate"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:291
+#: src/main/help.c:355
 msgid "count lines instead of bytes"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:294
+#: src/main/help.c:358
 msgid "lines are null-terminated"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:297
+#: src/main/help.c:361
 msgid "update every SEC seconds"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:300
+#: src/main/help.c:364
 msgid "compute average rate over past SEC seconds (default 30s)"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:302
+#: src/main/help.c:366
 msgid "WIDTH"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:303
+#: src/main/help.c:367
 msgid "assume terminal is WIDTH characters wide"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:305
+#: src/main/help.c:369
 msgid "HEIGHT"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:306
+#: src/main/help.c:370
 msgid "assume terminal is HEIGHT rows high"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:308
+#: src/main/help.c:372
 msgid "NAME"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:309
+#: src/main/help.c:373
 msgid "prefix visual information with NAME"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:311
+#: src/main/help.c:375
 msgid "STYLE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:312
-msgid "set default bar style to NAME"
+#: src/main/help.c:376
+msgid "set default bar style to STYLE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:314
+#: src/main/help.c:378
 msgid "SPEC"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:315
+#: src/main/help.c:379
 msgid "also send progress to SPEC"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:318
+#: src/main/help.c:382
+msgid "set terminal progress state with OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:385
 msgid "output transfer statistics at the end"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:321
+#: src/main/help.c:388
 msgid "output even if standard error is not a terminal"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:324
+#: src/main/help.c:391
 msgid "use cursor positioning escape sequences"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:327 src/main/help.c:357 src/main/help.c:369
-#: src/main/help.c:379
+#: src/main/help.c:394 src/main/help.c:430 src/main/help.c:449
+#: src/main/help.c:459
 msgid "FILE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:328
+#: src/main/help.c:395
 msgid "write output to FILE instead of stdout"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:330
+#: src/main/help.c:397
 msgid "RATE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:331
+#: src/main/help.c:398
 msgid "limit transfer to RATE bytes per second"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:333 src/main/help.c:342
+#: src/main/help.c:400 src/main/help.c:406 src/main/help.c:412
 msgid "BYTES"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:334
+#: src/main/help.c:401
 msgid "use a buffer size of BYTES"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:337
+#: src/main/help.c:404
 msgid "never use splice(), always use read/write"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:340
+#: src/main/help.c:407
+msgid "set the pipe buffer size to BYTES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:410
 msgid "skip read errors in input"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:343
+#: src/main/help.c:413
 msgid "skip errors in BYTES blocks at a time"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:346
+#: src/main/help.c:416
 msgid "stop after --size bytes have been transferred"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:349
+#: src/main/help.c:419
 msgid "flush cache to disk after every write"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:352
+#: src/main/help.c:422
 msgid "use direct I/O to bypass cache"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:355
+#: src/main/help.c:425
+msgid "try to seek instead of writing null bytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:428
 msgid "discard input instead of writing to output"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:358
+#: src/main/help.c:431
 msgid "write all input to FILE before writing to output"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:360
-msgid "PID[:FD]"
+#: src/main/help.c:434
+msgid "PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTFILE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:361
+#: src/main/help.c:435
 msgid "watch file FD opened by process PID"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:364
+#: src/main/help.c:438 src/main/help.c:441
 msgid "PID"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:365
+#: src/main/help.c:439
 msgid "update settings of process PID"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:370
+#: src/main/help.c:442
+msgid "show progress of process PID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:446
+msgid "run a command and monitor its standard input, output, or both"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:450
 msgid "save process ID in FILE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:373
+#: src/main/help.c:453
 msgid "show this help and exit"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:376
+#: src/main/help.c:456
 msgid "show version information and exit"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:380
+#: src/main/help.c:460
 msgid "write debug logs to FILE"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:406
+#: src/main/help.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]..."
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:417
+#: src/main/help.c:497
 msgid ""
 "Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring."
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:555
+#: src/main/help.c:639
 msgid "Supported format sequences:"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:569
+#: src/main/help.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please report any bugs to: %s"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/main.c:232
+#: src/main/main.c:225
 msgid "(input)"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/main.c:328
-msgid "state allocation failed"
+#: src/main/main.c:381 src/main/options.c:1359
+msgid "a command to run must be specified"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:144 src/pv/file.c:324
-msgid "failed to stat file"
+#: src/main/main.c:704 src/main/options.c:757 src/main/options.c:777
+#: src/pv/display.c:1086 src/pv/state.c:45 src/pv/state.c:902
+#: src/pv/state.c:914 src/pv/state.c:950 src/pv/transfer.c:1335
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1451 src/pv/transfer.c:1778
+msgid "memory allocation failure"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:158
-msgid "is a directory"
+#: src/main/options.c:418
+msgid "list files may not contain @ lines"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:187
-msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:209
-msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:229
-msgid "failed to open block device"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:239
-msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:345
-msgid "option structure allocation failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:364
-msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:417
-msgid "numeric value not understood"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:435
-msgid "integer argument expected"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:447
-msgid "numeric argument expected"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/main/options.c:458
+#: src/main/options.c:438 src/main/options.c:440 src/main/options.c:901
 msgid "process ID or pid:fd pair expected"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:465
+#: src/main/options.c:449 src/main/options.c:451 src/main/options.c:908
 msgid "invalid process ID"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:698
+#: src/main/options.c:829
+msgid "numeric value not understood"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:843
+msgid "integer argument expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:853
+msgid "numeric argument expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:864
+msgid "missing filename"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:890
+msgid "missing process name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1182
+msgid "invalid side specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1197
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s --help' for more information."
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:700
+#: src/main/options.c:1199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s -h' for more information."
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:731
+#: src/main/options.c:1231
 msgid ""
 "cannot use line mode or transfer modifier options when watching file "
 "descriptors"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:740
+#: src/main/options.c:1239
 msgid "cannot use cursor positioning when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:749
+#: src/main/options.c:1247
 msgid "cannot use remote control when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:758
+#: src/main/options.c:1255
+msgid "cannot use remote query when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1263
 msgid "cannot transfer files when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:773
+#: src/main/options.c:1287
 msgid "not available on systems without /proc/self/fdinfo"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/remote.c:309
-msgid "message not received"
+#: src/main/options.c:1298
+msgid "cannot use remote control and remote query together"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/remote.c:440
-msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
+#: src/main/options.c:1325
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1337
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be used with store-and-forward"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1348
+msgid "files cannot be specified with this option"
 msgstr ""

 #: src/main/version.c:28
@@ -387,166 +413,118 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Project web site"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:61
-msgid "failed to get terminal name"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/cursor.c:106
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:108 src/pv/cursor.c:135
 msgid "failed to open lock file"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:139
-msgid "lock attempt failed"
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:790 src/pv/cursor.c:792
+msgid "interrupted by a signal"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:400
-msgid "failed to open terminal"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/display.c:249
+#: src/pv/display.c:311
 msgid "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/display.c:267
+#: src/pv/display.c:329
 msgid "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/display.c:989 src/pv/transfer.c:1056
-msgid "buffer allocation failed"
+#: src/pv/file.c:81
+msgid "/dev/null is not usable"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/file.c:149
-msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
+#: src/pv/file.c:371
+msgid "error closing file"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/file.c:294
-msgid "failed to close file"
+#: src/pv/file.c:438
+msgid "input file is also the output"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/file.c:317
-msgid "failed to read file"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:332
-msgid "failed to stat output file"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:354
-msgid "input file is output file"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:412
+#: src/pv/file.c:596
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/file.c:414
+#: src/pv/file.c:598
 msgid "(stdin)"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:93
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:37 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:92
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:36 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "b/s"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40
 msgid "/s"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "B/s"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:37
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:35
 msgid "b"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:41 src/pv/transfer.c:594
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:39 src/pv/transfer.c:1284
 msgid "B"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/format/eta.c:53 src/pv/format/eta.c:57
+#: src/pv/format/eta.c:63 src/pv/format/eta.c:67
 msgid "ETA"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:81
+#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:93
 msgid "FIN"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/loop.c:550
+#: src/pv/loop.c:180
 msgid "rate min/avg/max/mdev"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/loop.c:562
+#: src/pv/loop.c:192
 msgid "rate not measured"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/loop.c:772 src/pv/loop.c:823 src/pv/loop.c:876 src/pv/watchpid.c:99
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:120 src/pv/watchpid.c:128
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:165 src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:192
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:202 src/pv/watchpid.c:300 src/pv/watchpid.c:308
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:385 src/pv/watchpid.c:406
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1098 src/pv/loop.c:1114 src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/remote.c:93
+#: src/pv/remote.c:188 src/pv/remote.c:536 src/pv/remote.c:582
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:123 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:158 src/pv/watchpid.c:194
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:206 src/pv/watchpid.c:218 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:286 src/pv/watchpid.c:401
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:409 src/pv/watchpid.c:556 src/pv/watchpid.c:565
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:586
 msgid "pid"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/state.c:40
-msgid "history structure allocation failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/state.c:617 src/pv/state.c:628
-msgid "file list allocation failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:463
-msgid "read failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:479
-msgid "warning: read errors detected"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:495
-msgid "file is not seekable"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:573
-msgid "failed to seek past error"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:593
-msgid "skipped past read error"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:634
-msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:676
-msgid "failed to set interval timer"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:702
-msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:744
-msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:917
-msgid "write failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:1154
-msgid "select call failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:121 src/pv/watchpid.c:130
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:193 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "fd"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:130 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/remote.c:242 src/pv/remote.c:636
+msgid "message not received"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:659 src/pv/remote.c:677
+msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1173
+msgid "warning: read errors detected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1283
+msgid "skipped past read error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1642
+msgid "write error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "not a regular file or block device"
 msgstr ""
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pv@ivarch.com\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-28 21:21+0000\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-01-15 19:08+0000\n"
-"Last-Translator: 0ko <0ko@users.noreply.translate.codeberg.org>\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-08-01 14:53+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2026-08-17 12:27+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: some_user <some_user@noreply.codeberg.org>\n"
 "Language-Team: Russian <https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/pv/pv/ru/>\n"
 "Language: ru\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
@@ -11,372 +11,396 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && "
 "n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2;\n"
-"X-Generator: Weblate 5.9.2\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 2026.8.1\n"

-#: src/main/help.c:236
+#: src/main/help.c:300
 msgid "show progress bar"
 msgstr "показать полосу прогресса"

-#: src/main/help.c:239
+#: src/main/help.c:303
 msgid "show elapsed time"
 msgstr "показать прошедшее время"

-#: src/main/help.c:242
+#: src/main/help.c:306
 msgid "show estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "показать примерное время завершения"

-#: src/main/help.c:245
+#: src/main/help.c:309
 msgid "show absolute estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "показать примерное абсолютное время завершения"

-#: src/main/help.c:248
+#: src/main/help.c:312
 msgid "show data transfer rate counter"
 msgstr "показать скорость передачи данных"

-#: src/main/help.c:251
+#: src/main/help.c:315
 msgid "show data transfer average rate counter"
 msgstr "показать среднюю скорость передачи данных"

-#: src/main/help.c:254
+#: src/main/help.c:318
 msgid "show number of bytes transferred"
 msgstr "показать объём переданных данных в байтах"

-#: src/main/help.c:257
+#: src/main/help.c:321
 msgid "show percentage of transfer buffer in use"
 msgstr "показать использование буфера передачи в процентах"

-#: src/main/help.c:259
+#: src/main/help.c:323
 msgid "NUM"
 msgstr "КОЛ"

-#: src/main/help.c:260
+#: src/main/help.c:324
 msgid "show NUM bytes last written"
 msgstr "показать КОЛ байт, переданных в последний раз"

-#: src/main/help.c:262
+#: src/main/help.c:326
 msgid "FORMAT"
 msgstr "ФОРМАТ"

-#: src/main/help.c:263
+#: src/main/help.c:327
 msgid "set output format to FORMAT"
 msgstr "указать формат вывода как ФОРМАТ"

-#: src/main/help.c:266
+#: src/main/help.c:330
 msgid "output percentages, not visual information"
 msgstr "показать проценты вместо визуальной информации"

-#: src/main/help.c:269
+#: src/main/help.c:333
 msgid "do not output any transfer information at all"
 msgstr "не отображать никакую информацию о передаче"

-#: src/main/help.c:273
+#: src/main/help.c:337
 msgid "show number of bits transferred"
 msgstr "показать объём переданных данных в битах"

-#: src/main/help.c:276
+#: src/main/help.c:340
 msgid "treat suffixes as multiples of 1000 rather than 1024"
 msgstr "считать суффиксы как умножители на 1000, а не на 1024"

-#: src/main/help.c:279
+#: src/main/help.c:343
 msgid "display nothing until first byte transferred"
 msgstr "ничего не показывать, пока не будет передан первый байт"

-#: src/main/help.c:281 src/main/help.c:296 src/main/help.c:299
+#: src/main/help.c:345 src/main/help.c:360 src/main/help.c:363
 msgid "SEC"
 msgstr "СЕК"

-#: src/main/help.c:282
+#: src/main/help.c:346
 msgid "display nothing until SEC seconds have passed"
 msgstr "ничего не показывать, пока не пройдёт СЕК секунд"

-#: src/main/help.c:284
+#: src/main/help.c:348
 msgid "SIZE"
 msgstr "РАЗМ"

-#: src/main/help.c:285
+#: src/main/help.c:349
 msgid "set estimated data size to SIZE bytes"
 msgstr "указать ожидаемый объём данных как РАЗМ байт"

-#: src/main/help.c:288
+#: src/main/help.c:352
 msgid "if size unknown, show rate vs max rate"
 msgstr "если объём неизвестен, показать скорость и макс. скорость"

-#: src/main/help.c:291
+#: src/main/help.c:355
 msgid "count lines instead of bytes"
 msgstr "считать линии вместо байт"

-#: src/main/help.c:294
+#: src/main/help.c:358
 msgid "lines are null-terminated"
 msgstr "строки прерываются нулями"

-#: src/main/help.c:297
+#: src/main/help.c:361
 msgid "update every SEC seconds"
 msgstr "обновлять каждые СЕК секунд"

-#: src/main/help.c:300
+#: src/main/help.c:364
 msgid "compute average rate over past SEC seconds (default 30s)"
 msgstr "вычислять среднюю скорость за последние СЕК секунд (по умолчанию 30)"

-#: src/main/help.c:302
+#: src/main/help.c:366
 msgid "WIDTH"
 msgstr "ШИРИНА"

-#: src/main/help.c:303
+#: src/main/help.c:367
 msgid "assume terminal is WIDTH characters wide"
 msgstr "считать, что в одной строке помещается ШИРИНА символов"

-#: src/main/help.c:305
+#: src/main/help.c:369
 msgid "HEIGHT"
 msgstr "ВЫСОТА"

-#: src/main/help.c:306
+#: src/main/help.c:370
 msgid "assume terminal is HEIGHT rows high"
 msgstr "считать, что на экране помещается ВЫСОТА строк"

-#: src/main/help.c:308
+#: src/main/help.c:372
 msgid "NAME"
 msgstr "ИМЯ"

-#: src/main/help.c:309
+#: src/main/help.c:373
 msgid "prefix visual information with NAME"
 msgstr "писать ИМЯ до визуальной информации"

-#: src/main/help.c:311
+#: src/main/help.c:375
 msgid "STYLE"
 msgstr "СТИЛЬ"

-#: src/main/help.c:312
-msgid "set default bar style to NAME"
-msgstr "задать стиль полоски по умолчанию как НАЗВАНИЕ"
+#: src/main/help.c:376
+msgid "set default bar style to STYLE"
+msgstr "задать стиль полоски по умолчанию как СТИЛЬ"

-#: src/main/help.c:314
+#: src/main/help.c:378
 msgid "SPEC"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "НАЗНАЧ"

-#: src/main/help.c:315
+#: src/main/help.c:379
 msgid "also send progress to SPEC"
+msgstr "дополнительно выводить прогресс в НАЗНАЧ"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:382
+msgid "set terminal progress state with OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:318
+#: src/main/help.c:385
 msgid "output transfer statistics at the end"
 msgstr "после завершения показать статистику"

-#: src/main/help.c:321
+#: src/main/help.c:388
 msgid "output even if standard error is not a terminal"
 msgstr "вевести, даже если стд. ошибка не является терминалом"

-#: src/main/help.c:324
+#: src/main/help.c:391
 msgid "use cursor positioning escape sequences"
 msgstr ""
 "использовать символьные последовательности для позиционирования курсора"

-#: src/main/help.c:327 src/main/help.c:357 src/main/help.c:369
-#: src/main/help.c:379
+#: src/main/help.c:394 src/main/help.c:430 src/main/help.c:449
+#: src/main/help.c:459
 msgid "FILE"
 msgstr "ФАЙЛ"

-#: src/main/help.c:328
+#: src/main/help.c:395
 msgid "write output to FILE instead of stdout"
 msgstr "направить вывод в ФАЙЛ вместо стд. вывода"

-#: src/main/help.c:330
+#: src/main/help.c:397
 msgid "RATE"
 msgstr "СКОР"

-#: src/main/help.c:331
+#: src/main/help.c:398
 msgid "limit transfer to RATE bytes per second"
 msgstr "ограничить скорость передачи до СКОР байт/сек"

-#: src/main/help.c:333 src/main/help.c:342
+#: src/main/help.c:400 src/main/help.c:406 src/main/help.c:412
 msgid "BYTES"
 msgstr "БАЙТ"

-#: src/main/help.c:334
+#: src/main/help.c:401
 msgid "use a buffer size of BYTES"
 msgstr "использовать буфер размера БАЙТ"

-#: src/main/help.c:337
+#: src/main/help.c:404
 msgid "never use splice(), always use read/write"
 msgstr "использовать чтение/запись вместо splice()"

-#: src/main/help.c:340
+#: src/main/help.c:407
+msgid "set the pipe buffer size to BYTES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:410
 msgid "skip read errors in input"
 msgstr "пропустить ошибки чтения во вводе"

-#: src/main/help.c:343
+#: src/main/help.c:413
 msgid "skip errors in BYTES blocks at a time"
 msgstr "пропускать ошибки в <БАЙТ> блоках за раз"

-#: src/main/help.c:346
+#: src/main/help.c:416
 msgid "stop after --size bytes have been transferred"
 msgstr "остановить после передачи --size байт"

-#: src/main/help.c:349
+#: src/main/help.c:419
 msgid "flush cache to disk after every write"
 msgstr "сбрасывать кеш на диск каждый раз"

-#: src/main/help.c:352
+#: src/main/help.c:422
 msgid "use direct I/O to bypass cache"
 msgstr "использовать прямой ввод/вывод для обхода кеша"

-#: src/main/help.c:355
+#: src/main/help.c:425
+msgid "try to seek instead of writing null bytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:428
 msgid "discard input instead of writing to output"
 msgstr "отбрасывать ввод вместо записи в вывод"

-#: src/main/help.c:358
+#: src/main/help.c:431
 msgid "write all input to FILE before writing to output"
 msgstr "записывать весь ввод в ФАЙЛ прежде, чем отправлять на вывод"

-#: src/main/help.c:360
-msgid "PID[:FD]"
-msgstr "ИДпр[:FD]"
+#: src/main/help.c:434
+msgid "PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTFILE"
+msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:361
+#: src/main/help.c:435
 msgid "watch file FD opened by process PID"
 msgstr "следить за FD файла, открытого процессом ИДпр"

-#: src/main/help.c:364
+#: src/main/help.c:438 src/main/help.c:441
 msgid "PID"
 msgstr "ИДпр"

-#: src/main/help.c:365
+#: src/main/help.c:439
 msgid "update settings of process PID"
 msgstr "обновить настройки ИДпр процесса"

-#: src/main/help.c:370
+#: src/main/help.c:442
+msgid "show progress of process PID"
+msgstr "показать прогресс процесса ИДпр"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:446
+msgid "run a command and monitor its standard input, output, or both"
+msgstr ""
+"запустить команду и отслеживать её стандартный ввод, вывод или и то, и другое"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:450
 msgid "save process ID in FILE"
 msgstr "сохранить ИД процесса в ФАЙЛ"

-#: src/main/help.c:373
+#: src/main/help.c:453
 msgid "show this help and exit"
 msgstr "показать справку и завершить работу"

-#: src/main/help.c:376
+#: src/main/help.c:456
 msgid "show version information and exit"
 msgstr "показать версию программы и завершить работу"

-#: src/main/help.c:380
+#: src/main/help.c:460
 msgid "write debug logs to FILE"
 msgstr "вести запись отладочного журнала в ФАЙЛ"

-#: src/main/help.c:406
+#: src/main/help.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]..."
 msgstr "Использование: %s [ОПЦИИ] [ФАЙЛ]..."

-#: src/main/help.c:417
+#: src/main/help.c:497
 msgid ""
 "Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring."
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:555
+#: src/main/help.c:639
 msgid "Supported format sequences:"
 msgstr "Поддерживаемые последовательности:"

-#: src/main/help.c:569
+#: src/main/help.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please report any bugs to: %s"
 msgstr "Сообщайте о проблемах на: %s"

-#: src/main/main.c:232
+#: src/main/main.c:225
 msgid "(input)"
 msgstr "(ввод)"

-#: src/main/main.c:328
-msgid "state allocation failed"
-msgstr ""
+#: src/main/main.c:381 src/main/options.c:1359
+msgid "a command to run must be specified"
+msgstr "необходимо указать команду для запуска"

-#: src/main/options.c:144 src/pv/file.c:324
-msgid "failed to stat file"
-msgstr "не удалось получить информацию о файле"
+#: src/main/main.c:704 src/main/options.c:757 src/main/options.c:777
+#: src/pv/display.c:1086 src/pv/state.c:45 src/pv/state.c:902
+#: src/pv/state.c:914 src/pv/state.c:950 src/pv/transfer.c:1335
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1451 src/pv/transfer.c:1778
+msgid "memory allocation failure"
+msgstr "ошибка выделения памяти"

-#: src/main/options.c:158
-msgid "is a directory"
-msgstr "является каталогом"
+#: src/main/options.c:418
+msgid "list files may not contain @ lines"
+msgstr "файлы списка не должны содержать строк, начинающихся с символа @"

-#: src/main/options.c:187
-msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
-msgstr "не удалось создать имя файла sysfs"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:209
-msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
-msgstr "не удалось узнать размер файла sysfs"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:229
-msgid "failed to open block device"
-msgstr "не удалось открыть блочное устройство"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:239
-msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
-msgstr "не удалось определить размер блочного устройства"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:345
-msgid "option structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "не удалось выделить память для структуры опций"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:364
-msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
-msgstr "не удалось выделить память для структуры опций argv"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:417
-msgid "numeric value not understood"
-msgstr "число не распознано"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:435
-msgid "integer argument expected"
-msgstr "ожидалось целое число"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:447
-msgid "numeric argument expected"
-msgstr "ожидалось число"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:458
+#: src/main/options.c:438 src/main/options.c:440 src/main/options.c:901
 msgid "process ID or pid:fd pair expected"
 msgstr "ожидался ИД процесса или пара ИДпр:ДФ"

-#: src/main/options.c:465
+#: src/main/options.c:449 src/main/options.c:451 src/main/options.c:908
 msgid "invalid process ID"
 msgstr "неправильный ИД процесса"

-#: src/main/options.c:698
+#: src/main/options.c:829
+msgid "numeric value not understood"
+msgstr "число не распознано"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:843
+msgid "integer argument expected"
+msgstr "ожидалось целое число"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:853
+msgid "numeric argument expected"
+msgstr "ожидалось число"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:864
+msgid "missing filename"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:890
+msgid "missing process name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1182
+msgid "invalid side specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1197
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s --help' for more information."
 msgstr "Выполните `%s --help' для получения подробностей."

-#: src/main/options.c:700
+#: src/main/options.c:1199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s -h' for more information."
 msgstr "Выполните `%s -h' для получения подробностей."

-#: src/main/options.c:731
+#: src/main/options.c:1231
 msgid ""
 "cannot use line mode or transfer modifier options when watching file "
 "descriptors"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:740
+#: src/main/options.c:1239
 msgid "cannot use cursor positioning when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:749
+#: src/main/options.c:1247
 msgid "cannot use remote control when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr "удалённое управление невозможно при отслеживании дескрипторов файлов"

-#: src/main/options.c:758
+#: src/main/options.c:1255
+msgid "cannot use remote query when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1263
 msgid "cannot transfer files when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr "передача файлов невозможна при отслеживании дескрипторов файлов"

-#: src/main/options.c:773
+#: src/main/options.c:1287
 msgid "not available on systems without /proc/self/fdinfo"
 msgstr "невозможно на системах без /proc/self/fdinfo"

-#: src/main/remote.c:309
-msgid "message not received"
-msgstr "сообщение не получено"
+#: src/main/options.c:1298
+msgid "cannot use remote control and remote query together"
+msgstr ""

-#: src/main/remote.c:440
-msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
-msgstr "Этой системой не поддерживается SA_SIGINFO"
+#: src/main/options.c:1325
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1337
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be used with store-and-forward"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1348
+msgid "files cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr ""

 #: src/main/version.c:28
 msgid "License: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
@@ -396,166 +420,181 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Project web site"
 msgstr "Веб-сайт проекта"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:61
-msgid "failed to get terminal name"
-msgstr "не удалось получить имя терминала"
-
-#: src/pv/cursor.c:106
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:108 src/pv/cursor.c:135
 msgid "failed to open lock file"
 msgstr "не удалось открыть блокирующий файл"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:139
-msgid "lock attempt failed"
-msgstr "попытка блокировки не удалась"
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:790 src/pv/cursor.c:792
+msgid "interrupted by a signal"
+msgstr "прервано по сигналу"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:400
-msgid "failed to open terminal"
-msgstr "не удалось открыть терминал"
-
-#: src/pv/display.c:249
+#: src/pv/display.c:311
 msgid "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/display.c:267
+#: src/pv/display.c:329
 msgid "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/display.c:989 src/pv/transfer.c:1056
-msgid "buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr "не удалось выделить память для буфера"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:149
-msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
+#: src/pv/file.c:81
+msgid "/dev/null is not usable"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/file.c:294
-msgid "failed to close file"
-msgstr "не удалось закрыть файл"
+#: src/pv/file.c:371
+msgid "error closing file"
+msgstr "ошибка закрытия файла"

-#: src/pv/file.c:317
-msgid "failed to read file"
-msgstr "не удалось прочесть файл"
+#: src/pv/file.c:438
+msgid "input file is also the output"
+msgstr "файл ввода также используется и для вывода"

-#: src/pv/file.c:332
-msgid "failed to stat output file"
-msgstr "не удалось получить информацию о выходном файле"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:354
-msgid "input file is output file"
-msgstr "пути исходного и выходного файлов одинаковы"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:412
+#: src/pv/file.c:596
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(нет)"

-#: src/pv/file.c:414
+#: src/pv/file.c:598
 msgid "(stdin)"
 msgstr "(стд. ввод)"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:93
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:37 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:92
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:36 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "b/s"
 msgstr "бит/с"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40
 msgid "/s"
 msgstr "/с"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "B/s"
 msgstr "байт/с"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:37
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:35
 msgid "b"
 msgstr "бит"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:41 src/pv/transfer.c:594
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:39 src/pv/transfer.c:1284
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "байт"

-#: src/pv/format/eta.c:53 src/pv/format/eta.c:57
+#: src/pv/format/eta.c:63 src/pv/format/eta.c:67
 msgid "ETA"
 msgstr "ОЖИД"

-#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:81
+#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:93
 msgid "FIN"
 msgstr "ЗАВЕРШ"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:550
+#: src/pv/loop.c:180
 msgid "rate min/avg/max/mdev"
 msgstr "скор. мин/сред/макс/дев"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:562
+#: src/pv/loop.c:192
 msgid "rate not measured"
 msgstr "скорость не изменяется"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:772 src/pv/loop.c:823 src/pv/loop.c:876 src/pv/watchpid.c:99
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:120 src/pv/watchpid.c:128
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:165 src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:192
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:202 src/pv/watchpid.c:300 src/pv/watchpid.c:308
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:385 src/pv/watchpid.c:406
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1098 src/pv/loop.c:1114 src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/remote.c:93
+#: src/pv/remote.c:188 src/pv/remote.c:536 src/pv/remote.c:582
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:123 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:158 src/pv/watchpid.c:194
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:206 src/pv/watchpid.c:218 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:286 src/pv/watchpid.c:401
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:409 src/pv/watchpid.c:556 src/pv/watchpid.c:565
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:586
 msgid "pid"
 msgstr "ИДпр"

-#: src/pv/state.c:40
-msgid "history structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "не удалось выделить память для структуры истории"
-
-#: src/pv/state.c:617 src/pv/state.c:628
-msgid "file list allocation failed"
-msgstr "не удалось выделить память для списка файлов"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:463
-msgid "read failed"
-msgstr "чтение не удалось"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:479
-msgid "warning: read errors detected"
-msgstr "внимание: замечены ошибки чтения"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:495
-msgid "file is not seekable"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:573
-msgid "failed to seek past error"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:593
-msgid "skipped past read error"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:634
-msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
-msgstr "не выделена память для буфера передачи"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:676
-msgid "failed to set interval timer"
-msgstr "не удалось задать измеритель временного промежутка"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:702
-msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
-msgstr "не удалось очистить измеритель временного промежутка"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:744
-msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:917
-msgid "write failed"
-msgstr "запись не удалась"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:1154
-msgid "select call failed"
-msgstr "запрос выборки не удался"
-
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:121 src/pv/watchpid.c:130
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:193 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "fd"
 msgstr "дф"

-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:130 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/remote.c:242 src/pv/remote.c:636
+msgid "message not received"
+msgstr "сообщение не получено"
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:659 src/pv/remote.c:677
+msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
+msgstr "Этой системой не поддерживается SA_SIGINFO"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1173
+msgid "warning: read errors detected"
+msgstr "внимание: замечены ошибки чтения"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1283
+msgid "skipped past read error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1642
+msgid "write error"
+msgstr "ошибка записи"
+
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "not a regular file or block device"
 msgstr "не является обычным файлом или блочным устройством"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat file"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось получить информацию о файле"
+
+#~ msgid "is a directory"
+#~ msgstr "является каталогом"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось создать имя файла sysfs"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось узнать размер файла sysfs"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open block device"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось открыть блочное устройство"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось определить размер блочного устройства"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось выделить память для структуры опций"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось выделить память для структуры опций argv"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to get terminal name"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось получить имя терминала"
+
+#~ msgid "lock attempt failed"
+#~ msgstr "попытка блокировки не удалась"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open terminal"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось открыть терминал"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read file"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось прочесть файл"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat output file"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось получить информацию о выходном файле"
+
+#~ msgid "history structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось выделить память для структуры истории"
+
+#~ msgid "file list allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось выделить память для списка файлов"
+
+#~ msgid "read failed"
+#~ msgstr "чтение не удалось"
+
+#~ msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
+#~ msgstr "не выделена память для буфера передачи"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to set interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось задать измеритель временного промежутка"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "не удалось очистить измеритель временного промежутка"
+
+#~ msgid "select call failed"
+#~ msgstr "запрос выборки не удался"
+
+#~ msgid "PID[:FD]"
+#~ msgstr "ИДпр[:FD]"
@@ -1,354 +1,365 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: pv 1.8.14\n"
-"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pv@ivarch.com\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-28 21:21+0000\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-10-12 23:51+0000\n"
-"Last-Translator: a-j-wood <a-j-wood@users.noreply.translate.codeberg.org>\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-08-01 14:53+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-10-05 20:09+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Oğuz Ersen <ersen@noreply.codeberg.org>\n"
 "Language-Team: Turkish <https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/pv/pv/tr/>\n"
 "Language: tr\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n"
-"X-Generator: Weblate 5.7.2\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 5.13.2\n"

-#: src/main/help.c:236
+#: src/main/help.c:300
 msgid "show progress bar"
 msgstr "ilerleme çubuğunu göster"

-#: src/main/help.c:239
+#: src/main/help.c:303
 msgid "show elapsed time"
 msgstr "geçen süreyi göster"

-#: src/main/help.c:242
+#: src/main/help.c:306
 msgid "show estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "tahmini varış (tamamlanma) zamanını göster"

-#: src/main/help.c:245
+#: src/main/help.c:309
 msgid "show absolute estimated time of arrival (completion)"
 msgstr "mutlak tahmini varış (tamamlanma) zamanını göster"

-#: src/main/help.c:248
+#: src/main/help.c:312
 msgid "show data transfer rate counter"
 msgstr "veri aktarım oranı sayacını göster"

-#: src/main/help.c:251
+#: src/main/help.c:315
 msgid "show data transfer average rate counter"
 msgstr "veri aktarımı ortalama hız sayacını göster"

-#: src/main/help.c:254
+#: src/main/help.c:318
 msgid "show number of bytes transferred"
 msgstr "aktarılan bayt sayısını göster"

-#: src/main/help.c:257
+#: src/main/help.c:321
 msgid "show percentage of transfer buffer in use"
 msgstr "aktarım tamponunun kullanım yüzdesini göster"

-#: src/main/help.c:259
+#: src/main/help.c:323
 msgid "NUM"
 msgstr "NUM"

-#: src/main/help.c:260
+#: src/main/help.c:324
 msgid "show NUM bytes last written"
 msgstr "son yazılan NUM baytlarını göster"

-#: src/main/help.c:262
+#: src/main/help.c:326
 msgid "FORMAT"
 msgstr "FORMAT"

-#: src/main/help.c:263
+#: src/main/help.c:327
 msgid "set output format to FORMAT"
 msgstr "çıktı formatını FORMAT olarak ayarlayın"

-#: src/main/help.c:266
+#: src/main/help.c:330
 msgid "output percentages, not visual information"
 msgstr "görsel bilgileri değil, yüzdeleri çıktı olarak yazdır"

-#: src/main/help.c:269
+#: src/main/help.c:333
 msgid "do not output any transfer information at all"
 msgstr "hiçbir transfer bilgisini yazdırma"

-#: src/main/help.c:273
+#: src/main/help.c:337
 msgid "show number of bits transferred"
 msgstr "aktarılan bit sayısını göster"

-#: src/main/help.c:276
+#: src/main/help.c:340
 msgid "treat suffixes as multiples of 1000 rather than 1024"
 msgstr "ekleri 1024 yerine 1000'in katları olarak değerlendir"

-#: src/main/help.c:279
+#: src/main/help.c:343
 msgid "display nothing until first byte transferred"
 msgstr "ilk bayt aktarılana kadar hiçbir şey gösterme"

-#: src/main/help.c:281 src/main/help.c:296 src/main/help.c:299
+#: src/main/help.c:345 src/main/help.c:360 src/main/help.c:363
 msgid "SEC"
 msgstr "SEC"

-#: src/main/help.c:282
+#: src/main/help.c:346
 msgid "display nothing until SEC seconds have passed"
 msgstr "SEC saniye geçene kadar hiçbir şey gösterme"

-#: src/main/help.c:284
+#: src/main/help.c:348
 msgid "SIZE"
 msgstr "BOYUT"

-#: src/main/help.c:285
+#: src/main/help.c:349
 msgid "set estimated data size to SIZE bytes"
 msgstr "tahmini veri boyutunu BOYUT bayt olarak ayarlayın"

-#: src/main/help.c:288
+#: src/main/help.c:352
 msgid "if size unknown, show rate vs max rate"
 msgstr "boyut bilinmiyorsa, oranı maksimum oranla göster"

-#: src/main/help.c:291
+#: src/main/help.c:355
 msgid "count lines instead of bytes"
 msgstr "bayt yerine satır say"

-#: src/main/help.c:294
+#: src/main/help.c:358
 msgid "lines are null-terminated"
 msgstr "satırlar boş sonlandırılır"

-#: src/main/help.c:297
+#: src/main/help.c:361
 msgid "update every SEC seconds"
 msgstr "her SEC saniyede bir güncelleme"

-#: src/main/help.c:300
+#: src/main/help.c:364
 msgid "compute average rate over past SEC seconds (default 30s)"
 msgstr "geçmiş SEC saniyeleri üzerinden ortalama hızı hesapla (varsayılan 30s)"

-#: src/main/help.c:302
+#: src/main/help.c:366
 msgid "WIDTH"
 msgstr "GENİŞLİK"

-#: src/main/help.c:303
+#: src/main/help.c:367
 msgid "assume terminal is WIDTH characters wide"
 msgstr "terminalin GENİŞLİK karakter genişliğinde olduğunu varsayalım"

-#: src/main/help.c:305
+#: src/main/help.c:369
 msgid "HEIGHT"
 msgstr "YÜKSEKLİK"

-#: src/main/help.c:306
+#: src/main/help.c:370
 msgid "assume terminal is HEIGHT rows high"
 msgstr "terminalin YÜKSEKLİK sıraları yüksekliğinde olduğunu varsayalım"

-#: src/main/help.c:308
+#: src/main/help.c:372
 msgid "NAME"
 msgstr "İSİM"

-#: src/main/help.c:309
+#: src/main/help.c:373
 msgid "prefix visual information with NAME"
 msgstr "görsel bilgiyi İSİM ile öne ekle"

-#: src/main/help.c:311
+#: src/main/help.c:375
 msgid "STYLE"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "BİÇİM"

-#: src/main/help.c:312
-msgid "set default bar style to NAME"
-msgstr ""
+#: src/main/help.c:376
+msgid "set default bar style to STYLE"
+msgstr "öntanımlı çubuk biçimini BİÇİM olarak ayarla"

-#: src/main/help.c:314
+#: src/main/help.c:378
 msgid "SPEC"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "BELİRT"

-#: src/main/help.c:315
+#: src/main/help.c:379
 msgid "also send progress to SPEC"
+msgstr "ilerlemeyi BELİRT ögesine de gönder"
+
+#: src/main/help.c:382
+msgid "set terminal progress state with OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:318
+#: src/main/help.c:385
 msgid "output transfer statistics at the end"
 msgstr "transfer istatistiklerini sonda göster"

-#: src/main/help.c:321
+#: src/main/help.c:388
 msgid "output even if standard error is not a terminal"
 msgstr "standart hata bir terminal olmasa bile çıktı yazdır"

-#: src/main/help.c:324
+#: src/main/help.c:391
 msgid "use cursor positioning escape sequences"
 msgstr "imleç konumlandırma kaçış dizilerini kullan"

-#: src/main/help.c:327 src/main/help.c:357 src/main/help.c:369
-#: src/main/help.c:379
+#: src/main/help.c:394 src/main/help.c:430 src/main/help.c:449
+#: src/main/help.c:459
 msgid "FILE"
 msgstr "DOSYA"

-#: src/main/help.c:328
+#: src/main/help.c:395
 msgid "write output to FILE instead of stdout"
 msgstr "çıktıyı stdout yerine DOSYA'ya yaz"

-#: src/main/help.c:330
+#: src/main/help.c:397
 msgid "RATE"
 msgstr "ORAN"

-#: src/main/help.c:331
+#: src/main/help.c:398
 msgid "limit transfer to RATE bytes per second"
 msgstr "aktarımı saniye başına ORAN bayt ile sınırlandırın"

-#: src/main/help.c:333 src/main/help.c:342
+#: src/main/help.c:400 src/main/help.c:406 src/main/help.c:412
 msgid "BYTES"
 msgstr "BAYTLAR"

-#: src/main/help.c:334
+#: src/main/help.c:401
 msgid "use a buffer size of BYTES"
 msgstr "BAYTLAR tampon boyutu kullanın"

-#: src/main/help.c:337
+#: src/main/help.c:404
 msgid "never use splice(), always use read/write"
 msgstr "splice() kullanma, her zaman read/write kullan"

-#: src/main/help.c:340
+#: src/main/help.c:407
+msgid "set the pipe buffer size to BYTES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:410
 msgid "skip read errors in input"
 msgstr "girdideki okuma hatalarını atla"

-#: src/main/help.c:343
+#: src/main/help.c:413
 msgid "skip errors in BYTES blocks at a time"
 msgstr "BAYTLAR blokları halinde hataları atla"

-#: src/main/help.c:346
+#: src/main/help.c:416
 msgid "stop after --size bytes have been transferred"
 msgstr "--size bayt transfer edildikten sonra dur"

-#: src/main/help.c:349
+#: src/main/help.c:419
 msgid "flush cache to disk after every write"
 msgstr "her yazmadan sonra önbelleği diske boşalt"

-#: src/main/help.c:352
+#: src/main/help.c:422
 msgid "use direct I/O to bypass cache"
 msgstr "Önbelleği atlamak için doğrudan I/O kullan"

-#: src/main/help.c:355
+#: src/main/help.c:425
+msgid "try to seek instead of writing null bytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:428
 msgid "discard input instead of writing to output"
 msgstr "Girdiyi çıktıya yazmak yerine yok say"

-#: src/main/help.c:358
+#: src/main/help.c:431
 msgid "write all input to FILE before writing to output"
 msgstr "çıktıya yazmadan önce tüm girdiyi DOSYA'ya yaz"

-#: src/main/help.c:360
-msgid "PID[:FD]"
-msgstr "PID[:FD]"
+#: src/main/help.c:434
+msgid "PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTFILE"
+msgstr ""

-#: src/main/help.c:361
+#: src/main/help.c:435
 msgid "watch file FD opened by process PID"
 msgstr "FD izleme dosyası PID işlemi tarafından açıldı"

-#: src/main/help.c:364
+#: src/main/help.c:438 src/main/help.c:441
 msgid "PID"
 msgstr "PID"

-#: src/main/help.c:365
+#: src/main/help.c:439
 msgid "update settings of process PID"
 msgstr "süreç PID ayarlarını güncelle"

-#: src/main/help.c:370
+#: src/main/help.c:442
+msgid "show progress of process PID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:446
+msgid "run a command and monitor its standard input, output, or both"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/help.c:450
 msgid "save process ID in FILE"
 msgstr "FILE'da işlem kimliğini (ID) kaydet"

-#: src/main/help.c:373
+#: src/main/help.c:453
 msgid "show this help and exit"
 msgstr "bu yardımı göster ve çık"

-#: src/main/help.c:376
+#: src/main/help.c:456
 msgid "show version information and exit"
 msgstr "sürüm bilgilerini göster ve çık"

-#: src/main/help.c:380
+#: src/main/help.c:460
 msgid "write debug logs to FILE"
 msgstr "Hata ayıklama kayıtlarını DOSYA'ya yaz"

-#: src/main/help.c:406
+#: src/main/help.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]..."
 msgstr "Kullanım şekli: %s [AYAR] [DOSYA]..."

-#: src/main/help.c:417
+#: src/main/help.c:497
 msgid ""
 "Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring."
 msgstr ""
 "İzleme ile DOSYA(lar)ı veya standart girdiyi standart çıktı ile birleştirin."

-#: src/main/help.c:555
+#: src/main/help.c:639
 msgid "Supported format sequences:"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Desteklenen biçim dizileri:"

-#: src/main/help.c:569
+#: src/main/help.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please report any bugs to: %s"
 msgstr "Lütfen hataları şu adrese bildirin: %s"

-#: src/main/main.c:232
+#: src/main/main.c:225
 msgid "(input)"
 msgstr "(giriş)"

-#: src/main/main.c:328
-msgid "state allocation failed"
-msgstr "durum tahsisi başarısız oldu"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:144 src/pv/file.c:324
-msgid "failed to stat file"
-msgstr "dosya statüsünde başarısız oldu"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:158
-msgid "is a directory"
-msgstr "bir dizindir"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:187
-msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
-msgstr "sysfs dosya adı oluşturulamadı"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:209
-msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
-msgstr "sysfs boyut dosyası okunamadı"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:229
-msgid "failed to open block device"
-msgstr "blok aygıtı açılamadı"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:239
-msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
-msgstr "blok aygıtının boyutu belirlenemedi"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:345
-msgid "option structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "seçenek yapısı tahsisi başarısız oldu"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:364
-msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
-msgstr "seçenek yapısı argv tahsisi başarısız oldu"
-
-#: src/main/options.c:417
-msgid "numeric value not understood"
+#: src/main/main.c:381 src/main/options.c:1359
+msgid "a command to run must be specified"
 msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:435
-msgid "integer argument expected"
-msgstr "tamsayı bağımsız değişkeni bekleniyor"
+#: src/main/main.c:704 src/main/options.c:757 src/main/options.c:777
+#: src/pv/display.c:1086 src/pv/state.c:45 src/pv/state.c:902
+#: src/pv/state.c:914 src/pv/state.c:950 src/pv/transfer.c:1335
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1451 src/pv/transfer.c:1778
+msgid "memory allocation failure"
+msgstr "bellek ayırma başarısız"

-#: src/main/options.c:447
-msgid "numeric argument expected"
-msgstr "sayısal bağımsız değişken bekleniyor"
+#: src/main/options.c:418
+msgid "list files may not contain @ lines"
+msgstr ""

-#: src/main/options.c:458
+#: src/main/options.c:438 src/main/options.c:440 src/main/options.c:901
 msgid "process ID or pid:fd pair expected"
 msgstr "süreç kimliği (ID) veya pid:fd çifti bekleniyor"

-#: src/main/options.c:465
+#: src/main/options.c:449 src/main/options.c:451 src/main/options.c:908
 msgid "invalid process ID"
 msgstr "geçersiz süreç kimliği (ID)"

-#: src/main/options.c:698
+#: src/main/options.c:829
+msgid "numeric value not understood"
+msgstr "sayısal değer anlaşılmadı"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:843
+msgid "integer argument expected"
+msgstr "tamsayı bağımsız değişkeni bekleniyor"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:853
+msgid "numeric argument expected"
+msgstr "sayısal bağımsız değişken bekleniyor"
+
+#: src/main/options.c:864
+msgid "missing filename"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:890
+msgid "missing process name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1182
+msgid "invalid side specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1197
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s --help' for more information."
 msgstr "Daha fazla bilgi için `%s --help' seçeneğini deneyin."

-#: src/main/options.c:700
+#: src/main/options.c:1199
 #, c-format
 msgid "Try `%s -h' for more information."
 msgstr "Daha fazla bilgi için `%s -h' seçeneğini deneyin."

-#: src/main/options.c:731
+#: src/main/options.c:1231
 msgid ""
 "cannot use line mode or transfer modifier options when watching file "
 "descriptors"
@@ -356,29 +367,41 @@ msgstr ""
 "dosya tanımlayıcılarını izlerken satır modu veya aktarım değiştirici "
 "seçeneklerini kullanamaz"

-#: src/main/options.c:740
+#: src/main/options.c:1239
 msgid "cannot use cursor positioning when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr "dosya tanımlayıcılarını izlerken imleç konumlandırmayı kullanamaz"

-#: src/main/options.c:749
+#: src/main/options.c:1247
 msgid "cannot use remote control when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr "dosya tanımlayıcılarını izlerken uzaktan kumandayı kullanamaz"

-#: src/main/options.c:758
+#: src/main/options.c:1255
+msgid "cannot use remote query when watching file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1263
 msgid "cannot transfer files when watching file descriptors"
 msgstr "dosya tanımlayıcıları izlenirken dosya aktarılamıyor"

-#: src/main/options.c:773
+#: src/main/options.c:1287
 msgid "not available on systems without /proc/self/fdinfo"
 msgstr "/proc/self/fdinfo olmayan sistemlerde kullanılamaz"

-#: src/main/remote.c:309
-msgid "message not received"
-msgstr "mesaj alınamadı"
+#: src/main/options.c:1298
+msgid "cannot use remote control and remote query together"
+msgstr ""

-#: src/main/remote.c:440
-msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
-msgstr "SA_SIGINFO bu sistemde desteklenmiyor"
+#: src/main/options.c:1325
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1337
+msgid "monitor mode cannot be used with store-and-forward"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/main/options.c:1348
+msgid "files cannot be specified with this option"
+msgstr ""

 #: src/main/version.c:28
 msgid "License: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"
@@ -397,166 +420,202 @@ msgstr "Yasaların izin verdiği ölçüde GARANTİ YOKTUR."
 msgid "Project web site"
 msgstr "Proje web sitesi"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:61
-msgid "failed to get terminal name"
-msgstr "terminal adı alınamadı"
-
-#: src/pv/cursor.c:106
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:108 src/pv/cursor.c:135
 msgid "failed to open lock file"
 msgstr "lock dosyası açılamadı"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:139
-msgid "lock attempt failed"
-msgstr "kilit denemesi başarısız oldu"
+#: src/pv/cursor.c:790 src/pv/cursor.c:792
+msgid "interrupted by a signal"
+msgstr "bir işaret tarafından kesildi"

-#: src/pv/cursor.c:400
-msgid "failed to open terminal"
-msgstr "terminal açılamadı"
-
-#: src/pv/display.c:249
+#: src/pv/display.c:311
 msgid "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"
 msgstr "yzafpnum kMGTPEZY"

-#: src/pv/display.c:267
+#: src/pv/display.c:329
 msgid "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"
 msgstr "yzafpnum KMGTPEZY"

-#: src/pv/display.c:989 src/pv/transfer.c:1056
-msgid "buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr "arabellek tahsisi başarısız oldu"
+#: src/pv/file.c:81
+msgid "/dev/null is not usable"
+msgstr ""

-#: src/pv/file.c:149
-msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
-msgstr "çıktının başlangıcına ulaşılamadı"
+#: src/pv/file.c:371
+msgid "error closing file"
+msgstr "dosya kapatılırken hata"

-#: src/pv/file.c:294
-msgid "failed to close file"
-msgstr "dosya kapatılamadı"
+#: src/pv/file.c:438
+msgid "input file is also the output"
+msgstr "girdi dosyası aynı zamanda çıkış"

-#: src/pv/file.c:317
-msgid "failed to read file"
-msgstr "dosya okunamadı"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:332
-msgid "failed to stat output file"
-msgstr "çıktı dosyası stat edilemedi"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:354
-msgid "input file is output file"
-msgstr "girdi dosyası çıktı dosyasıdır"
-
-#: src/pv/file.c:412
+#: src/pv/file.c:596
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(yok)"

-#: src/pv/file.c:414
+#: src/pv/file.c:598
 msgid "(stdin)"
 msgstr "(stdin)"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:93
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:37 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:34 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:92
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:36 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "b/s"
 msgstr "b/s"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40
 msgid "/s"
 msgstr "/s"

-#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:97
-#: src/pv/format/rate.c:41 src/pv/loop.c:551
+#: src/pv/format/averagerate.c:38 src/pv/format/progressbar.c:96
+#: src/pv/format/rate.c:40 src/pv/loop.c:181
 msgid "B/s"
 msgstr "B/s"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:37
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:35
 msgid "b"
 msgstr "b"

-#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:41 src/pv/transfer.c:594
+#: src/pv/format/bytes.c:39 src/pv/transfer.c:1284
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"

-#: src/pv/format/eta.c:53 src/pv/format/eta.c:57
+#: src/pv/format/eta.c:63 src/pv/format/eta.c:67
 msgid "ETA"
 msgstr "ETA"

-#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:81
+#: src/pv/format/fineta.c:93
 msgid "FIN"
 msgstr "FIN"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:550
+#: src/pv/loop.c:180
 msgid "rate min/avg/max/mdev"
 msgstr "oran min/ortalama/maks/standart sapma"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:562
+#: src/pv/loop.c:192
 msgid "rate not measured"
 msgstr "oran ölçülmedi"

-#: src/pv/loop.c:772 src/pv/loop.c:823 src/pv/loop.c:876 src/pv/watchpid.c:99
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:120 src/pv/watchpid.c:128
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:165 src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:192
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:202 src/pv/watchpid.c:300 src/pv/watchpid.c:308
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:385 src/pv/watchpid.c:406
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1098 src/pv/loop.c:1114 src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/remote.c:93
+#: src/pv/remote.c:188 src/pv/remote.c:536 src/pv/remote.c:582
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:123 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:158 src/pv/watchpid.c:194
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:206 src/pv/watchpid.c:218 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:286 src/pv/watchpid.c:401
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:409 src/pv/watchpid.c:556 src/pv/watchpid.c:565
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:586
 msgid "pid"
 msgstr "pid"

-#: src/pv/state.c:40
-msgid "history structure allocation failed"
-msgstr "geçmiş yapısı tahsisi başarısız oldu"
-
-#: src/pv/state.c:617 src/pv/state.c:628
-msgid "file list allocation failed"
-msgstr "dosya listesi tahsisi başarısız oldu"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:463
-msgid "read failed"
-msgstr "okuma başarısız"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:479
-msgid "warning: read errors detected"
-msgstr "uyarı: okuma hataları tespit edildi"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:495
-msgid "file is not seekable"
-msgstr "dosya aranabilir değil"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:573
-msgid "failed to seek past error"
-msgstr "geçmiş hatayı aramakta başarısız oldu"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:593
-msgid "skipped past read error"
-msgstr "geçmiş okuma hatası atlandı"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:634
-msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
-msgstr "aktarım arabelleği ayrılmamış"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:676
-msgid "failed to set interval timer"
-msgstr "aralık zamanlayıcısı ayarlanamadı"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:702
-msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
-msgstr "aralık zamanlayıcısı temizlenemedi"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:744
-msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
-msgstr "satır konumu arabellek tahsisi başarısız oldu"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:917
-msgid "write failed"
-msgstr "yazma başarısız"
-
-#: src/pv/transfer.c:1154
-msgid "select call failed"
-msgstr "seçme çağrısı başarısız oldu"
-
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:109 src/pv/watchpid.c:121 src/pv/watchpid.c:130
-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:184 src/pv/watchpid.c:193 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/loop.c:1132 src/pv/watchpid.c:132 src/pv/watchpid.c:142
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:151 src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:268
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:277 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "fd"
 msgstr "fd"

-#: src/pv/watchpid.c:130 src/pv/watchpid.c:204
+#: src/pv/remote.c:242 src/pv/remote.c:636
+msgid "message not received"
+msgstr "mesaj alınamadı"
+
+#: src/pv/remote.c:659 src/pv/remote.c:677
+msgid "SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"
+msgstr "SA_SIGINFO bu sistemde desteklenmiyor"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1173
+msgid "warning: read errors detected"
+msgstr "uyarı: okuma hataları tespit edildi"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1283
+msgid "skipped past read error"
+msgstr "geçmiş okuma hatası atlandı"
+
+#: src/pv/transfer.c:1642
+msgid "write error"
+msgstr "yazma hatası"
+
+#: src/pv/watchpid.c:160 src/pv/watchpid.c:288
 msgid "not a regular file or block device"
 msgstr "normal bir dosya veya blok aygıtı değil"
+
+#~ msgid "state allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "durum tahsisi başarısız oldu"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat file"
+#~ msgstr "dosya statüsünde başarısız oldu"
+
+#~ msgid "is a directory"
+#~ msgstr "bir dizindir"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to generate sysfs filename"
+#~ msgstr "sysfs dosya adı oluşturulamadı"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read sysfs size file"
+#~ msgstr "sysfs boyut dosyası okunamadı"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open block device"
+#~ msgstr "blok aygıtı açılamadı"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to determine size of block device"
+#~ msgstr "blok aygıtının boyutu belirlenemedi"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "seçenek yapısı tahsisi başarısız oldu"
+
+#~ msgid "option structure argv allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "seçenek yapısı argv tahsisi başarısız oldu"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to get terminal name"
+#~ msgstr "terminal adı alınamadı"
+
+#~ msgid "lock attempt failed"
+#~ msgstr "kilit denemesi başarısız oldu"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to open terminal"
+#~ msgstr "terminal açılamadı"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek to start of output"
+#~ msgstr "çıktının başlangıcına ulaşılamadı"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to read file"
+#~ msgstr "dosya okunamadı"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to stat output file"
+#~ msgstr "çıktı dosyası stat edilemedi"
+
+#~ msgid "history structure allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "geçmiş yapısı tahsisi başarısız oldu"
+
+#~ msgid "file list allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "dosya listesi tahsisi başarısız oldu"
+
+#~ msgid "read failed"
+#~ msgstr "okuma başarısız"
+
+#~ msgid "file is not seekable"
+#~ msgstr "dosya aranabilir değil"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to seek past error"
+#~ msgstr "geçmiş hatayı aramakta başarısız oldu"
+
+#~ msgid "no transfer buffer allocated"
+#~ msgstr "aktarım arabelleği ayrılmamış"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to set interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "aralık zamanlayıcısı ayarlanamadı"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to clear interval timer"
+#~ msgstr "aralık zamanlayıcısı temizlenemedi"
+
+#~ msgid "line position buffer allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "satır konumu arabellek tahsisi başarısız oldu"
+
+#~ msgid "select call failed"
+#~ msgstr "seçme çağrısı başarısız oldu"
+
+#~ msgid "process list allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "işlem listesi tahsisi başarısız oldu"
+
+#~ msgid "file descriptor list allocation failed"
+#~ msgstr "dosya tanımlayıcı listesi tahsisi başarısız oldu"
+
+#~ msgid "PID[:FD]"
+#~ msgstr "PID[:FD]"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+config.h.in
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 * `configure' script.  Include this after config.h and before anything
 * else.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -44,10 +44,25 @@ typedef bool _Bool;
 # define __bool_true_false_are_defined 1
 #endif

-/* Whether "--remote" should be available. */
+/* Whether "--remote" and "--query" should be available. */
 #undef PV_REMOTE_CONTROL
 #if HAVE_DECL_SA_SIGINFO
 # if SIGINFO_PROVIDES_PID
 #define PV_REMOTE_CONTROL 1
 # endif
 #endif
+
+#ifndef SPLINT
+/* Remove __attribute__(()) if not using GCC. */
+#ifndef __GNUC__
+#define __attribute__(x) /* GCC-only feature */
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* Support for the fallthrough attribute is not universal. */
+/* From https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45349079/how-to-use-attribute-fallthrough-correctly-in-gcc */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 7
+ #define FALL_THROUGH __attribute__ ((fallthrough))
+#else
+ #define FALL_THROUGH /*@-noeffect@*/ ((void)0) /*@+noeffect@*/
+#endif /* __GNUC__ >= 7 */
@@ -1,387 +0,0 @@
-/* src/include/config.h.in.  Generated from configure.ac by autoheader.  */
-
-/* Debugging support enabled */
-#undef ENABLE_DEBUGGING
-
-/* Build with ncurses support */
-#undef ENABLE_NCURSES
-
-/* Define to 1 if translation of program messages to the user's native
-   language is requested. */
-#undef ENABLE_NLS
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `alarm' function. */
-#undef HAVE_ALARM
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `basename' function. */
-#undef HAVE_BASENAME
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the Mac OS X function
-   CFLocaleCopyPreferredLanguages in the CoreFoundation framework. */
-#undef HAVE_CFLOCALECOPYPREFERREDLANGUAGES
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the Mac OS X function CFPreferencesCopyAppValue in
-   the CoreFoundation framework. */
-#undef HAVE_CFPREFERENCESCOPYAPPVALUE
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `clock_gettime' function. */
-#undef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
-
-/* Define if the GNU dcgettext() function is already present or preinstalled.
-   */
-#undef HAVE_DCGETTEXT
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the declaration of `SA_SIGINFO', and to 0 if you
-   don't. */
-#undef HAVE_DECL_SA_SIGINFO
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `dup2' function. */
-#undef HAVE_DUP2
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <fcntl.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_FCNTL_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `fdatasync' function. */
-#undef HAVE_FDATASYNC
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `fmod' function. */
-#undef HAVE_FMOD
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `fpathconf' function. */
-#undef HAVE_FPATHCONF
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `getcwd' function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETCWD
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <getopt.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_GETOPT_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `getopt_long' function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETOPT_LONG
-
-/* Define if the GNU gettext() function is already present or preinstalled. */
-#undef HAVE_GETTEXT
-
-/* Define if you have the iconv() function and it works. */
-#undef HAVE_ICONV
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <inttypes.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
-
-/* IPC support enabled */
-#undef HAVE_IPC
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <langinfo.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <libgen.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_LIBGEN_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <libintl.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_LIBINTL_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <limits.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_LIMITS_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <locale.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_LOCALE_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <math.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_MATH_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `memcpy' function. */
-#undef HAVE_MEMCPY
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `memmove' function. */
-#undef HAVE_MEMMOVE
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `memrchr' function. */
-#undef HAVE_MEMRCHR
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `memset' function. */
-#undef HAVE_MEMSET
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <minix/config.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_MINIX_CONFIG_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `mkdir' function. */
-#undef HAVE_MKDIR
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `nanosleep' function. */
-#undef HAVE_NANOSLEEP
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `posix_fadvise' function. */
-#undef HAVE_POSIX_FADVISE
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `posix_memalign' function. */
-#undef HAVE_POSIX_MEMALIGN
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `select' function. */
-#undef HAVE_SELECT
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `setitimer' function. */
-#undef HAVE_SETITIMER
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `setlocale' function. */
-#undef HAVE_SETLOCALE
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `setproctitle' function. */
-#undef HAVE_SETPROCTITLE
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `shmget' function. */
-#undef HAVE_SHMGET
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `splice' function. */
-#undef HAVE_SPLICE
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `sqrtl' function. */
-#undef HAVE_SQRTL
-
-/* Define to 1 if stdbool.h conforms to C99. */
-#undef HAVE_STDBOOL_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <stdint.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STDINT_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <stdio.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STDIO_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <stdlib.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STDLIB_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `strchr' function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRCHR
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `strerror' function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRERROR
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <strings.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STRINGS_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <string.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STRING_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `strlcat' function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRLCAT
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `strrchr' function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRRCHR
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `strstr' function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRSTR
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `strtoul' function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRTOUL
-
-/* Define to 1 if `st_blksize' is a member of `struct stat'. */
-#undef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLKSIZE
-
-/* Define to 1 if `st_rdev' is a member of `struct stat'. */
-#undef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `sysconf' function. */
-#undef HAVE_SYSCONF
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/file.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_FILE_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/ioctl.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/ipc.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_IPC_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/param.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/shm.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_SHM_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/stat.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/sysmacros.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_SYSMACROS_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/time.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/types.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <termios.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_TERMIOS_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <term.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_TERM_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <unistd.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_UNISTD_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `vsnprintf' function. */
-#undef HAVE_VSNPRINTF
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <wchar.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_WCHAR_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if you have the <wctype.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_WCTYPE_H
-
-/* Define to 1 if the system has the type `_Bool'. */
-#undef HAVE__BOOL
-
-/* Name of package */
-#undef PACKAGE
-
-/* Define to the address where bug reports for this package should be sent. */
-#undef PACKAGE_BUGREPORT
-
-/* Define to the full name of this package. */
-#undef PACKAGE_NAME
-
-/* Define to the full name and version of this package. */
-#undef PACKAGE_STRING
-
-/* Define to the one symbol short name of this package. */
-#undef PACKAGE_TARNAME
-
-/* Define to the home page for this package. */
-#undef PACKAGE_URL
-
-/* Define to the version of this package. */
-#undef PACKAGE_VERSION
-
-/* Signal handlers can determine the sending PID */
-#undef SIGINFO_PROVIDES_PID
-
-/* Define to 1 if all of the C90 standard headers exist (not just the ones
-   required in a freestanding environment). This macro is provided for
-   backward compatibility; new code need not use it. */
-#undef STDC_HEADERS
-
-/* Enable extensions on AIX 3, Interix.  */
-#ifndef _ALL_SOURCE
-# undef _ALL_SOURCE
-#endif
-/* Enable general extensions on macOS.  */
-#ifndef _DARWIN_C_SOURCE
-# undef _DARWIN_C_SOURCE
-#endif
-/* Enable general extensions on Solaris.  */
-#ifndef __EXTENSIONS__
-# undef __EXTENSIONS__
-#endif
-/* Enable GNU extensions on systems that have them.  */
-#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
-# undef _GNU_SOURCE
-#endif
-/* Enable X/Open compliant socket functions that do not require linking
-   with -lxnet on HP-UX 11.11.  */
-#ifndef _HPUX_ALT_XOPEN_SOCKET_API
-# undef _HPUX_ALT_XOPEN_SOCKET_API
-#endif
-/* Identify the host operating system as Minix.
-   This macro does not affect the system headers' behavior.
-   A future release of Autoconf may stop defining this macro.  */
-#ifndef _MINIX
-# undef _MINIX
-#endif
-/* Enable general extensions on NetBSD.
-   Enable NetBSD compatibility extensions on Minix.  */
-#ifndef _NETBSD_SOURCE
-# undef _NETBSD_SOURCE
-#endif
-/* Enable OpenBSD compatibility extensions on NetBSD.
-   Oddly enough, this does nothing on OpenBSD.  */
-#ifndef _OPENBSD_SOURCE
-# undef _OPENBSD_SOURCE
-#endif
-/* Define to 1 if needed for POSIX-compatible behavior.  */
-#ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE
-# undef _POSIX_SOURCE
-#endif
-/* Define to 2 if needed for POSIX-compatible behavior.  */
-#ifndef _POSIX_1_SOURCE
-# undef _POSIX_1_SOURCE
-#endif
-/* Enable POSIX-compatible threading on Solaris.  */
-#ifndef _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS
-# undef _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS
-#endif
-/* Enable extensions specified by ISO/IEC TS 18661-5:2014.  */
-#ifndef __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_ATTRIBS_EXT__
-# undef __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_ATTRIBS_EXT__
-#endif
-/* Enable extensions specified by ISO/IEC TS 18661-1:2014.  */
-#ifndef __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_BFP_EXT__
-# undef __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_BFP_EXT__
-#endif
-/* Enable extensions specified by ISO/IEC TS 18661-2:2015.  */
-#ifndef __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_DFP_EXT__
-# undef __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_DFP_EXT__
-#endif
-/* Enable extensions specified by ISO/IEC TS 18661-4:2015.  */
-#ifndef __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_FUNCS_EXT__
-# undef __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_FUNCS_EXT__
-#endif
-/* Enable extensions specified by ISO/IEC TS 18661-3:2015.  */
-#ifndef __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT__
-# undef __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT__
-#endif
-/* Enable extensions specified by ISO/IEC TR 24731-2:2010.  */
-#ifndef __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT2__
-# undef __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT2__
-#endif
-/* Enable extensions specified by ISO/IEC 24747:2009.  */
-#ifndef __STDC_WANT_MATH_SPEC_FUNCS__
-# undef __STDC_WANT_MATH_SPEC_FUNCS__
-#endif
-/* Enable extensions on HP NonStop.  */
-#ifndef _TANDEM_SOURCE
-# undef _TANDEM_SOURCE
-#endif
-/* Enable X/Open extensions.  Define to 500 only if necessary
-   to make mbstate_t available.  */
-#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE
-# undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
-#endif
-
-
-/* Version number of package */
-#undef VERSION
-
-/* Number of bits in a file offset, on hosts where this is settable. */
-#undef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
-
-/* Define for large files, on AIX-style hosts. */
-#undef _LARGE_FILES
-
-/* Define to empty if `const' does not conform to ANSI C. */
-#undef const
-
-/* Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef gid_t
-
-/* Define to the type of a signed integer type of width exactly 32 bits if
-   such a type exists and the standard includes do not define it. */
-#undef int32_t
-
-/* Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
-#undef mode_t
-
-/* Define to `long int' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
-#undef off_t
-
-/* Define as a signed integer type capable of holding a process identifier. */
-#undef pid_t
-
-/* Define to `unsigned int' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
-#undef size_t
-
-/* Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
-#undef ssize_t
-
-/* Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef uid_t
-
-#include "config-aux.h"
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Global program option structure and the parsing function prototype.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -23,6 +23,31 @@ extern "C" {
 struct opts_s;
 typedef struct opts_s *opts_t;

+/*
+ * Overall program actions to select.
+ */
+typedef enum {
+	PV_ACTION_NOTHING,		/* do nothing, and exit */
+	PV_ACTION_TRANSFER,		/* transfer data */
+	PV_ACTION_STORE_AND_FORWARD,	/* store to file, then output from it */
+	PV_ACTION_WATCHFD,		/* watch process file descriptors */
+	PV_ACTION_REMOTE_CONTROL,	/* remotely control another pv */
+	PV_ACTION_QUERY,		/* watch the state of another pv */
+	PV_ACTION_MONITOR		/* run a process, watch its stdin/out */
+} pvaction_t;
+
+/*
+ * Sides of a monitored command to monitor with PV_ACTION_MONITOR.
+ */
+typedef enum {
+	PV_SIDE_NONE,			/* don't monitor a command */
+	PV_SIDE_IN,			/* monitor only the input side */
+	PV_SIDE_OUT,			/* monitor only the output side */
+	PV_SIDE_BOTH			/* monitor both sides */
+} pvside_t;
+
+typedef /*@null@*/ const char * argv_string;
+
 /*
 * Structure describing run-time options.
 *
@@ -34,27 +59,34 @@ struct opts_s {
 	/*@keep@*/ const char *program_name; /* name the program is running as */
 	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ char *output; /* fd to write output to */
 	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ char *name;    /* display name, if any */
+	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ char *name1;   /* first name, if two were given */
 	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ char *default_bar_style; /* default bar style */
 	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ char *format;  /* output format, if any */
+	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ char *format1; /* first format, if two were given */
 	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ char *pidfile; /* PID file, if any */
 	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ char *store_and_forward_file; /* store and forward file, if any */
 	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ char *extra_display; /* extra display specifier, if any */
-	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ const char **argv;   /* array of non-option arguments */
+	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ pid_t *watchfd_pid;  /* array of processes to watch fds of */
+	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ int *watchfd_fd;  /* array of fds to watch in each one (0=all) */
+	/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ argv_string *argv;   /* array of non-option arguments */
 	size_t lastwritten;            /* show N bytes last written */
-	off_t rate_limit;              /* rate limit, in bytes per second */
+	long double rate_limit;        /* rate limit, in bytes per second */
 	size_t buffer_size;            /* buffer size, in bytes (0=default) */
+	size_t pipe_buffer_size;       /* pipe buffer size, in bytes (0=default) */
 	off_t size;                    /* total size of data */
 	off_t error_skip_block;        /* skip block size, 0 for adaptive */
 	pid_t remote;                  /* PID of pv to update settings of */
+	pid_t query;                   /* PID of pv to query progress of */
 	unsigned int skip_errors;      /* skip read errors counter */
-	pid_t watch_pid;	       /* process to watch fds of */
-	int watch_fd;		       /* fd to watch */
 	unsigned int average_rate_window; /* time window in seconds for average rate calculations */
 	unsigned int width;            /* screen width */
 	unsigned int height;           /* screen height */
 	unsigned int argc;             /* number of non-option arguments */
-	unsigned int argv_length;      /* allocated array size */
-	bool do_nothing;               /* exit-without-doing-anything flag */
+	unsigned int argv_length;      /* allocated array size for non-option arguments */
+	unsigned int watchfd_count;	       /* number of watchfd items */
+	unsigned int watchfd_length;	       /* allocated watchfd item array size */
+	pvaction_t action;	       /* the program action to perform */
+	pvside_t side;		       /* which side of the monitored command to monitor */
 	bool progress;                 /* progress bar flag */
 	bool timer;                    /* timer flag */
 	bool eta;                      /* ETA flag */
@@ -77,10 +109,14 @@ struct opts_s {
 	bool stop_at_size;             /* set if we stop at "size" bytes */
 	bool sync_after_write;         /* set if we sync after every write */
 	bool direct_io;                /* set if O_DIRECT is to be used */
+	bool sparse_output;            /* set if we leave holes in the output */
 	bool discard_input;            /* set to write nothing to output */
+	bool use_osc94;		       /* set to enable OSC 9;4 sequences */
 	bool show_stats;	       /* set to write statistics at the end */
 	bool width_set_manually;       /* width was set manually, not detected */
 	bool height_set_manually;      /* height was set manually, not detected */
+	bool rate_limit_specified;     /* whether a rate limit value was given */
+	bool rate_limit_active;	       /* whether rate limiting is in effect (>0) */
 };

 /*@-exportlocal@*/
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Functions internal to the PV library.  Include "config.h" first.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -24,35 +24,40 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif

 #define RATE_GRANULARITY	100000000	 /* nsec between -L rate chunks */
-#define RATE_BURST_WINDOW	5	 	 /* rate burst window (multiples of rate) */
-#define REMOTE_INTERVAL		100000000	 /* nsec between checks for -R */
+#define RATE_BURST_WINDOW	5.0	 	 /* rate burst window (multiples of rate) */
+#define REMOTE_INTERVAL		100000000	 /* nsec between checks for -R and -Q */
+#define MONITOR_EXCHANGE_INTERVAL 100000000	 /* nsec between "-M both" data exchanges */
 #define BUFFER_SIZE		(size_t) 409600	 /* default transfer buffer size */
 #define BUFFER_SIZE_MAX		(size_t) 524288	 /* max auto transfer buffer size */
 #define MAX_READ_AT_ONCE	(size_t) 524288	 /* max to read() in one go */
 #define MAX_WRITE_AT_ONCE	(size_t) 524288	 /* max to write() in one go */
+#define MAX_SPLICE_AT_ONCE	1048576		 /* max to splice() in one go */
+#define MAX_CFR_AT_ONCE		1073741824	 /* max to copy_file_range() in one go */
 #define TRANSFER_READ_TIMEOUT	0.09L		 /* seconds to time reads out at */
 #define TRANSFER_WRITE_TIMEOUT	0.9L		 /* seconds to time writes out at */
 #define MAX_LINE_POSITIONS	100000		 /* number of lines to remember positions of */

+/*
+ * Whether to always try to use the whole transfer buffer, reducing the
+ * number of reads and writes at the expense of moving bytes around.
+ */
 #define MAXIMISE_BUFFER_FILL	1

+/* Sizes for various statically sized buffers. */
+
 #define PV_SIZEOF_DEFAULT_FORMAT	512
-#define PV_SIZEOF_CWD			4096
 #define PV_SIZEOF_LASTWRITTEN_BUFFER	256
 #define PV_SIZEOF_PREVLINE_BUFFER	1024
 #define PV_FORMAT_ARRAY_MAX		100
 #define PV_SIZEOF_FORMAT_SEGMENTS_BUF	4096
-#define PV_SIZEOF_CRS_LOCK_FILE		1024
-
-#define PV_SIZEOF_FILE_FDINFO		4096
-#define PV_SIZEOF_FILE_FD		4096
-#define PV_SIZEOF_FILE_FDPATH		4096
 #define PV_SIZEOF_DISPLAY_NAME		512

 #define PV_BARSTYLE_MAX			4	/* number of different styles allowed in a format */
 #define PV_BARSTYLE_SIZEOF_STRING	10	/* max length of a bar constituent component in bytes */
 #define PV_BARSTYLE_MAX_FILLERS		10	/* max number of bar filler strings */

+/* Bit values for the extra displays bitmap. */
+
 #define PV_DISPLAY_WINDOWTITLE		1
 #define PV_DISPLAY_PROCESSTITLE		2

@@ -60,9 +65,10 @@ extern "C" {
 /*
 * Structure for data shared between multiple "pv -c" instances.
 */
-struct pvcursorstate_s {
+struct pvipccursorstate_s {
 	int y_topmost;		/* terminal row of topmost "pv" instance */
 	bool tty_tostop_added;	/* whether any instance had to set TOSTOP on the terminal */
+	bool tty_echoctl_cleared;	/* whether any instance had to clear ECHOCTL on the terminal */
 };

 /*
@@ -74,6 +80,14 @@ typedef enum {
 	PV_TRANSFERCOUNT_LINES
 } pvtransfercount_t;

+/* Methods used to transfer bytes from input to output. */
+typedef enum {
+	PV_TRANSFERMETHOD_READWRITE,		/* read() + write() */
+	PV_TRANSFERMETHOD_SPLICE,		/* splice() */
+	PV_TRANSFERMETHOD_SPLICE_INTERMEDIATE,	/* splice() through an intermediate input pipe */
+	PV_TRANSFERMETHOD_COPY_FILE_RANGE,	/* copy_file_range() */
+	PV_TRANSFERMETHOD__UNSET
+} pvtransfermethod_t;

 /*
 * Structure describing a short string used as part of a progress bar, whose
@@ -131,6 +145,14 @@ typedef uint16_t pvdisplay_bytecount_t;
 typedef uint16_t pvdisplay_width_t;
 #define PVDISPLAY_WIDTH_MAX (65535)	/* UINT16_MAX */

+/*
+ * Structure defining the current state of a single watched file descriptor.
+ */
+struct pvwatchfd_s;
+typedef /*@null@*/ struct pvwatchfd_s *pvwatchfd_t;
+
+/* String pointer, that is the only pointer to this resource, that can be null. */
+typedef /*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ char * nullable_only_string_t;

 /*
 * Structure for holding PV internal state. Opaque outside the PV library.
@@ -141,46 +163,72 @@ struct pvstate_s {
 	/******************
 	 * Program status *
 	 ******************/
-	struct {
-		/*@only@*/ char *program_name;	 /* program name for error reporting */
-		char cwd[PV_SIZEOF_CWD];	 /* current working directory for relative path */
+	struct pvprogramstatus_s {
+		nullable_only_string_t cwd;	 /* for relative paths in --watchfd */
 		int current_input_file;		 /* index of current file being read */
 		int exit_status; 		 /* exit status to give (0=OK) */
+		bool terminal_supports_utf8;	 /* whether the terminal supports UTF-8 */
+		bool terminal_supports_colour;	 /* whether the terminal supports colour */
+		bool checked_colour_support;	 /* whether we have checked colour support yet */
+		bool current_input_is_pipe;	 /* whether the current input file is a pipe */
+		bool current_input_is_file;	 /* whether the current input is a regular file */
+		bool output_is_pipe;		 /* whether the output is a pipe */
+		bool output_is_file;		 /* whether the output is a regular file */
 	} status;

 	/***************
 	 * Input files *
 	 ***************/
-	struct {
-		/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ char **filename; /* input filenames */
+	struct pvinputfiles_s {
+		/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ nullable_only_string_t *filename; /* input filenames */
 		unsigned int file_count;	 /* number of input files */
 	} files;

+	/*********************************
+	 * Items to watch with --watchfd *
+	 *********************************/
+	struct {
+		/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/
+		struct pvwatcheditem_s {	/* array of PID or PID:FD items */
+			pid_t pid;		 /* watched PID */
+			int fd;			 /* watched fd, or -1 for all */
+			pvwatchfd_t info_array;	 /* watch information for each fd */
+			int array_length;	 /* length of watch info array */
+			bool finished;		 /* "PID:FD": fd closed; or PID gone */
+		} *watching;
+		unsigned int count;	/* number of items in these arrays */
+		bool multiple_pids;	/* true if more than one distinct PID */
+	} watchfd;
+
 	/*******************
 	 * Program control *
 	 *******************/
-	struct {
+	struct pvcontrol_s {
 		char default_format[PV_SIZEOF_DEFAULT_FORMAT];	 /* default format string */
 		double interval;                 /* interval between updates */
 		double delay_start;              /* delay before first display */
 		/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ char *name;		 /* display name */
 		/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ char *format_string;	 /* output format string */
-		/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ char *extra_format_string; /* extra format string */
+		/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ char *extra_display_spec;  /* full spec for extra displays */
+		/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ char *extra_format_string; /* extra format string alone */
 		/*@null@*/ char *output_name;    /* name of the output, for diagnostics */
 		/*@null@*/ char *default_bar_style; /* which bar style to use by default */
 		off_t error_skip_block;          /* skip block size, 0 for adaptive */
-		off_t rate_limit;                /* rate limit, in bytes per second */
-		size_t target_buffer_size;       /* buffer size (0=default) */
+		long double rate_limit;          /* rate limit, in bytes per second */
+		size_t target_buffer_size;       /* transfer buffer size (0=default) */
+		size_t pipe_buffer_size;         /* pipe buffer size (0=default) */
 		off_t size;                      /* total size of data */
-		pid_t watch_pid;		 /* process to watch fds of */
 		unsigned int skip_errors;        /* skip read errors counter */
-		int watch_fd;			 /* fd to watch */
 		int output_fd;                   /* fd to write output to */
+		pid_t othermonitor_pid;		 /* pid of the other monitor, in "-M both" mode */
+		int othermonitor_read_fd;	 /* fd to read transfer counts from other monitor */
+		int othermonitor_write_fd;	 /* fd to write transfer counts to other monitor */
 		unsigned int average_rate_window; /* time window in seconds for average rate calculations */
 		unsigned int history_interval;	 /* seconds between each average rate calc history entry */
 		pvdisplay_width_t width;         /* screen width */
 		unsigned int height;             /* screen height */
 		unsigned int extra_displays;	 /* bitmask of extra display destinations */
+		pvformatoptions_s format_option; /* non "--format" format options (used by -R) */
 		bool force;                      /* display even if not on terminal */
 		bool cursor;                     /* use cursor positioning */
 		bool numeric;                    /* numeric output only */
@@ -191,24 +239,25 @@ struct pvstate_s {
 		bool decimal_units;		 /* use decimal prefixes */
 		bool null_terminated_lines;      /* lines are null-terminated */
 		bool no_display;                 /* do nothing other than pipe data */
-		bool stop_at_size;               /* set if we stop at "size" bytes */
-		bool sync_after_write;           /* set if we sync after every write */
-		bool direct_io;                  /* set if O_DIRECT is to be used */
-		bool direct_io_changed;          /* set when direct_io is changed */
 		bool no_splice;                  /* never use splice() */
+		bool stop_at_size;               /* transfer is to stop at "size" bytes */
+		bool sync_after_write;           /* sync after every write */
+		bool direct_io;                  /* use O_DIRECT */
+		bool direct_io_changed;          /* set when direct_io is changed mid-transfer */
+		bool sparse_output;		 /* convert runs of null bytes into holes */
 		bool discard_input;              /* write nothing to stdout */
 		bool show_stats;		 /* show statistics on exit */
-		bool can_display_utf8;		 /* whether UTF-8 output is permitted */
-		bool can_display_colour;	 /* whether the terminal supports colour */
-		bool checked_colour_support;	 /* whether we have checked colour support yet */
+		bool use_osc94;		         /* enable OSC 9;4 sequences */
 		bool width_set_manually;	 /* width was set manually, not detected */
 		bool height_set_manually;	 /* height was set manually, not detected */
+		bool rate_limit_specified;	 /* whether a rate limit value was given */
+		bool rate_limit_active;		 /* whether a rate limit is in effect (>0) */
 	} control;

 	/*******************
 	 * Signal handling *
 	 *******************/
-	struct {
+	struct pvsignal_s {
 		/* old signal handlers to restore in pv_sig_fini(). */
 		struct sigaction old_sigpipe;
 		struct sigaction old_sigttou;
@@ -220,28 +269,33 @@ struct pvstate_s {
 		struct sigaction old_sigterm;
 #ifdef PV_REMOTE_CONTROL
 		struct sigaction old_sigusr2;
+		struct sigaction old_sigusr1;
 #endif
 		struct sigaction old_sigalrm;
-		struct timespec tstp_time;	 /* see pv_sig_tstp() / __cont() */
-		struct timespec toffset;	 /* total time spent stopped */
+		struct timespec when_tstp_arrived;	 /* see pv_sig_tstp() / __cont() */
+		struct timespec total_stoppage_time;	 /* total time spent stopped */
 #ifdef PV_REMOTE_CONTROL
 		volatile sig_atomic_t rxusr2;	 /* whether SIGUSR2 was received */
-		volatile pid_t sender;		 /* PID of sending process for SIGUSR2 */
+		volatile pid_t sender_usr2;	 /* PID of sending process for SIGUSR2 */
+		volatile sig_atomic_t rxusr1;	 /* whether SIGUSR1 was received */
+		volatile pid_t sender_usr1;	 /* PID of sending process for SIGUSR1 */
 #endif
 	} signal;

 	/*******************
 	 * Transient flags *
 	 *******************/
-	struct {
+	struct pvtransientflags_s {
 		volatile sig_atomic_t reparse_display;	 /* whether to re-check format string */
-		volatile sig_atomic_t terminal_resized;	 /* whether we need to get term size again */
-		volatile sig_atomic_t trigger_exit;	 /* whether we need to abort right now */
+		volatile sig_atomic_t terminal_resized;	 /* whether terminal size needs re-reading */
+		volatile sig_atomic_t trigger_exit;	 /* whether an immediate abort is required */
+		volatile sig_atomic_t terminating_signal; /* signal number that triggered an exit */
 		volatile sig_atomic_t clear_tty_tostop_on_exit;	/* whether to clear tty TOSTOP on exit */
+		volatile sig_atomic_t set_tty_echoctl_on_exit;	/* whether to set tty ECHOCTL on exit */
 		volatile sig_atomic_t suspend_stderr;	 /* whether writing to stderr is suspended */
 		volatile sig_atomic_t skip_next_sigcont; /* whether to ignore the next SIGCONT */
 		volatile sig_atomic_t pipe_closed;	 /* whether the output pipe was closed */
-	} flag;
+	} flags;

 	/*****************
 	 * Display state *
@@ -272,21 +326,22 @@ struct pvstate_s {

 		/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ char *display_buffer;	/* buffer for display string */
 		off_t initial_offset;			 /* offset when first opened (when watching fds) */
-		size_t next_line_len;				 /* length of currently receiving line so far */
+		size_t next_line_len;			 /* length of currently receiving line so far */

 		size_t format_segment_count;	 /* number of format string segments */

 		pvtransfercount_t count_type;	 /* type of count for transfer, rate, etc */

-		pvdisplay_width_t prev_screen_width;	 /* screen width last time we were called */
+		pvdisplay_width_t prev_screen_width;	 /* screen width last time pv_display() was called */

 		pvdisplay_bytecount_t display_buffer_size;	/* size allocated to display buffer */
 		pvdisplay_bytecount_t display_string_bytes;	/* byte length of string in display buffer */
 		pvdisplay_width_t display_string_width;		/* displayed width of string in display buffer */
-		pvdisplay_bytecount_t lastwritten_bytes;	 /* largest number of last-written bytes to show */
+		pvdisplay_bytecount_t lastwritten_bytes;	/* largest number of last-written bytes to show */

 		bool showing_timer;		 /* set if showing timer */
 		bool showing_bytes;		 /* set if showing byte/line count */
+		bool showing_ratio;		 /* set if showing monitoring in:out ratio */
 		bool showing_rate;		 /* set if showing transfer rate */
 		bool showing_last_written;	 /* set if displaying the last few bytes written */
 		bool showing_previous_line;	 /* set if displaying the previously output line */
@@ -294,8 +349,9 @@ struct pvstate_s {
 		bool format_uses_colour;	 /* set if the format string uses colours */
 		bool colour_permitted;		 /* whether colour is permitted for this display */
 		bool sgr_code_active;		 /* set while SGR code is active in a display line */
+		bool using_osc94;		 /* set if the format contains an OSC 9;4 code */
 		bool final_update;		 /* set internally on the final update */
-		bool display_visible;		 /* set once anything written to terminal */
+		bool output_produced;		 /* set once anything written to terminal */

 	} display;

@@ -305,7 +361,7 @@ struct pvstate_s {
 	/************************************
 	 * Calculated state of the transfer *
 	 ************************************/
-	struct {
+	struct pvtransfercalc_s {
 		long double transfer_rate;	 /* calculated transfer rate */
 		long double average_rate;	 /* calculated average transfer rate */

@@ -337,22 +393,23 @@ struct pvstate_s {
 	/********************
 	 * Cursor/IPC state *
 	 ********************/
-	struct {
-		char lock_file[PV_SIZEOF_CRS_LOCK_FILE];
+	struct pvcursorstate_s {
+		/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ char *lock_file;	/* terminal lock filename */
 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
-		/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ struct pvcursorstate_s *shared; /* data shared between instances */
-		int shmid;		 /* ID of our shared memory segment */
+		/*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ struct pvipccursorstate_s *shared; /* data shared between instances */
+		int shmid;		 /* ID of the shared memory segment */
 		int pvcount;		 /* number of `pv' processes in total */
 		int pvmax;		 /* highest number of `pv's seen */
 		int y_lastread;		 /* last value of _y_top seen */
 		int y_offset;		 /* our Y offset from this top position */
-		int needreinit;		 /* counter if we need to reinit cursor pos */
+		int needreinit;		 /* counter for reinitialising cursor position */
 #endif				/* HAVE_IPC */
 		int lock_fd;		 /* fd of lockfile, -1 if none open */
 		int y_start;		 /* our initial Y coordinate */
 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
-		bool noipc;		 /* set if we can't use IPC */
+		bool noipc;		 /* set if IPC can't be used */
 #endif				/* HAVE_IPC */
+		bool disable;		 /* set if cursor positioning can't be used */
 	} cursor;

 	/*******************
@@ -362,19 +419,19 @@ struct pvstate_s {
 	 * The transfer buffer is used for moving data from the input files
 	 * to the output when splice() is not available.
 	 *
-	 * If buffer_size is smaller than pv__target_bufsize, then
+	 * If buffer_size is smaller than control.target_buffer_size, then
 	 * pv_transfer() will try to reallocate transfer_buffer to make
-	 * buffer_size equal to pv__target_bufsize.
+	 * buffer_size equal to control.target_buffer_size.
 	 *
 	 * Data from the input files is read into the buffer; read_position
-	 * is the offset in the buffer that we've read data up to.
+	 * is the offset in the buffer that data has been read up to.
 	 *
 	 * Data is written to the output from the buffer, and write_position
-	 * is the offset in the buffer that we've written data up to.  It
+	 * is the offset in the buffer that data has been written up to.  It
 	 * will always be less than or equal to read_position.
 	 */
-	struct {
-		long double elapsed_seconds;	 /* how long we have been transferring data for */
+	struct pvtransferstate_s {
+		long double elapsed_seconds;	 /* how long the transfer has been running for */
 		/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ char *transfer_buffer;	 /* data transfer buffer */
 		size_t buffer_size;		 /* size of buffer */
 		size_t read_position;		 /* amount of data in buffer */
@@ -385,9 +442,12 @@ struct pvstate_s {

 		size_t written_but_not_consumed; /* bytes in the output pipe, unread */

+		off_t total_bytes_read;		 /* total bytes read */
 		off_t total_written;		 /* total bytes or lines written */
 		off_t transferred;		 /* amount transferred (written - unconsumed) */

+		off_t otherside_transferred;	 /* amount transferred by the other side ("-M both") */
+
 		/* Keep track of line positions to backtrack written_but_not_consumed. */
 		/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ off_t *line_positions; /* line separator write positions (circular buffer) */
 		size_t line_positions_capacity;	 /* total size of line position array */
@@ -396,49 +456,125 @@ struct pvstate_s {
 		off_t last_output_position;	 /* write position last sent to output */

 		/*
-		 * While reading from a file descriptor we keep track of how
-		 * many times in a row we've seen errors
-		 * (read_errors_in_a_row), and whether or not we have put a
-		 * warning on stderr about read errors on this fd
+		 * While reading from a file descriptor, a count is kept of
+		 * how many times in a row there have been errors
+		 * (read_errors_in_a_row), and whether or not a warning has
+		 * been written to stderr about read errors on this fd
 		 * (read_error_warning_shown).
 		 *
 		 * Whenever the active file descriptor changes from
-		 * last_read_skip_fd, we reset read_errors_in_a_row to 0 and
-		 * read_error_warning_shown to false for the new file
-		 * descriptor and set last_read_skip_fd to the new fd
-		 * number.
+		 * last_read_skip_fd, the read_errors_in_a_row is reset to 0
+		 * and read_error_warning_shown is set to false for the new
+		 * file descriptor, and last_read_skip_fd is set to the new
+		 * fd number.
 		 *
-		 * This way, we're treating each input file separately.
+		 * This allows each input file to be treated separately.
 		 */
 		off_t read_errors_in_a_row;
 		int last_read_skip_fd;
 		/* read_error_warning_shown is defined below. */
 #ifdef HAVE_SPLICE
 		/*
-		 * These variables are used to keep track of whether
-		 * splice() was used; splice_failed_fd is the file
-		 * descriptor that splice() last failed on, so that we don't
-		 * keep trying to use it on an fd that doesn't support it,
-		 * and splice_used is set to true if splice() was used this
-		 * time within pv_transfer().
+		 * File descriptors for an intermediate pipe, used when
+		 * neither input nor output are pipes; the size of the pipe
+		 * buffer; and how much input data is in the intermediate
+		 * pipe waiting to be passed to the output.
+		 */
+		int intermediate_pipe[2];
+		int intermediate_pipe_buffer_size;
+		int intermediate_pipe_buffer_used;
+		/* File descriptor to /dev/null for splicing with -X. */
+		int discard_fd;
+		/*
+		 * splice_failed_fd is the input file descriptor that
+		 * splice() last failed on, to avoid continuing to try using
+		 * it on a file descriptor that doesn't support it.
 		 */
 		int splice_failed_fd;
-		bool splice_used;
 #endif
+#ifdef HAVE_COPY_FILE_RANGE
+		/*
+		 * copy_file_range_failed_fd is the input file descriptor
+		 * that copy_file_range() last failed on, to avoid
+		 * continuing to try using it on a file descriptor that
+		 * doesn't support it.
+		 */
+		int copy_file_range_failed_fd;
+#endif
+		pvtransfermethod_t method;	/* method used for most recent transfer */
 		bool read_error_warning_shown;
+		bool output_not_seekable;	/* set if lseek() fails on output */
 	} transfer;
 };

+typedef struct pvprogramstatus_s *pvprogramstatus_t;
+typedef struct pvinputfiles_s *pvinputfiles_t;
+typedef struct pvcontrol_s *pvcontrol_t;
+typedef struct pvsignal_s *pvsignal_t;
+typedef struct pvtransientflags_s *pvtransientflags_t;
 typedef struct pvdisplay_s *pvdisplay_t;
 typedef struct pvdisplay_segment_s *pvdisplay_segment_t;
+typedef struct pvtransfercalc_s *pvtransfercalc_t;
+typedef struct pvcursorstate_s *pvcursorstate_t;
+typedef struct pvtransferstate_s *pvtransferstate_t;
+
+/*
+ * Structure defining the current state of a single watched file descriptor.
+ * The full definition needs to go here as it refers to sub-structures of
+ * the main state, defined above.
+ */
+struct pvwatchfd_s {
+	struct pvtransientflags_s flags;	/* transient flags */
+	struct pvtransferstate_s transfer;	/* transfer state */
+	struct pvtransfercalc_s calc;	 /* calculated transfer state */
+	struct pvdisplay_s display;	 /* display data */
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#else
+	nullable_string_ptr file_fdinfo; /* path to /proc fdinfo file */
+	nullable_string_ptr file_fdsymlink;	 /* path to /proc fd symlink  */
+#endif
+	nullable_string_ptr file_fdpath; /* path to file that was opened */
+	/*@keep@ */ char display_name[PV_SIZEOF_DISPLAY_NAME]; /* name to show on progress bar */
+	struct stat sb_fd;		 /* stat of fd symlink */
+	struct stat sb_fd_link;		 /* lstat of fd symlink */
+	off_t size;			 /* size of whole file, 0 if unknown */
+	off_t position;			 /* position last seen at */
+	struct timespec start_time;	 /* time the watch of this fd began */
+	struct timespec end_time;	 /* time the fd was marked as closed */
+	struct timespec total_stoppage_time;	 /* total time spent stopped */
+	pid_t watch_pid;		 /* PID the fd belongs to */
+	int watch_fd;			 /* fd to watch */
+	bool closed;			 /* true once the fd is closed */
+	bool displayable;		 /* false if not displayable */
+	bool unused;			 /* true if free for re-use */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Read-only counterparts to the above structure pointers, to be used in
+ * function declarations where the function definitely shouldn't be altering
+ * the contents of the structure.
+ */
+typedef const struct pvprogramstatus_s * readonly_pvprogramstatus_t;
+typedef const struct pvinputfiles_s * readonly_pvinputfiles_t;
+typedef const struct pvcontrol_s * readonly_pvcontrol_t;
+typedef const struct pvsignal_s * readonly_pvsignal_t;
+typedef const struct pvtransientflags_s * readonly_pvtransientflags_t;
+typedef const struct pvdisplay_s * readonly_pvdisplay_t;
+typedef const struct pvdisplay_segment_s * readonly_pvdisplay_segment_t;
+typedef const struct pvtransfercalc_s * readonly_pvtransfercalc_t;
+typedef const struct pvcursorstate_s * readonly_pvcursorstate_t;
+typedef const struct pvtransferstate_s * readonly_pvtransferstate_t;

 /*
 * Structure containing the parameters used by formatters.
 */
 struct pvformatter_args_s {
-	/*@dependent@*/ pvstate_t state;		/* overall state */
 	/*@dependent@*/ pvdisplay_t display;		/* the display being updated */
 	/*@dependent@*/ pvdisplay_segment_t segment;	/* the segment of the display */
+	/*@dependent@*/ readonly_pvprogramstatus_t status;	/* program status */
+	/*@dependent@*/ readonly_pvcontrol_t control;		/* control settings */
+	/*@dependent@*/ readonly_pvtransferstate_t transfer;	/* transfer state */
+	/*@dependent@*/ readonly_pvtransfercalc_t calc;		/* calculated transfer state */
 	/*@dependent@*/ char *buffer;			/* buffer to write formatted segments into */
 	pvdisplay_bytecount_t buffer_size;		/* size of the buffer */
 	pvdisplay_bytecount_t offset;			/* current write position in the buffer */
@@ -459,35 +595,12 @@ struct pvdisplay_component_s {
 	bool dynamic;			 /* whether it can scale with screen size */
 };

-
-struct pvwatchfd_s {
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-#else
-	char file_fdinfo[PV_SIZEOF_FILE_FDINFO]; /* path to /proc fdinfo file */
-	char file_fd[PV_SIZEOF_FILE_FD];	 /* path to /proc fd symlink  */
-#endif
-	char file_fdpath[PV_SIZEOF_FILE_FDPATH]; /* path to file that was opened */
-	char display_name[PV_SIZEOF_DISPLAY_NAME]; /* name to show on progress bar */
-	struct stat sb_fd;		 /* stat of fd symlink */
-	struct stat sb_fd_link;		 /* lstat of fd symlink */
-	off_t size;			 /* size of whole file, 0 if unknown */
-	off_t position;			 /* position last seen at */
-	struct timespec start_time;	 /* time we started watching the fd */
-	/*@null@*/ pvstate_t state;	 /* state object for flags and display */
-	pid_t watch_pid;		 /* PID to watch */
-	int watch_fd;			 /* fd to watch, -1 = not displayed */
-};
-typedef struct pvwatchfd_s *pvwatchfd_t;
-
-void pv_error(pvstate_t, char *, ...);
-
 int pv_main_loop(pvstate_t);
-void pv_calculate_transfer_rate(pvstate_t, bool);
+void pv_calculate_transfer_rate(pvtransfercalc_t, readonly_pvtransferstate_t, readonly_pvcontrol_t, readonly_pvdisplay_t, bool);

-long pv_bound_long(long, long, long);
 long pv_seconds_remaining(const off_t, const off_t, const long double);
 void pv_si_prefix(long double *, char *, const long double, pvtransfercount_t);
-void pv_describe_amount(char *, size_t, char *, long double, char *, char *, pvtransfercount_t);
+void pv_describe_amount(char *, size_t, const char *, long double, char *, char *, pvtransfercount_t);

 int8_t pv_display_barstyle_index(pvformatter_args_t, const char *);

@@ -517,6 +630,8 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_segmentcontent(char *, pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_progress(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_progress_bar_only(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_progress_amount_only(pvformatter_args_t);
+size_t pv_osc94_format(char *, size_t, readonly_pvcontrol_t, readonly_pvtransfercalc_t);
+pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_progress_conemu(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_bar_default(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_bar_plain(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_bar_block(pvformatter_args_t);
@@ -528,41 +643,51 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_fineta(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_rate(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_average_rate(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_bytes(pvformatter_args_t);
+pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_ratio(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_buffer_percent(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_last_written(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_previous_line(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_name(pvformatter_args_t);
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_sgr(pvformatter_args_t);

-bool pv_format(pvstate_t, /*@null@*/ const char *, pvdisplay_t, bool, bool);
-void pv_display(pvstate_t, bool);
+void pv_display (pvprogramstatus_t, readonly_pvcontrol_t, pvtransientflags_t,
+		 readonly_pvtransferstate_t, pvtransfercalc_t,
+		 pvcursorstate_t, pvdisplay_t, /*@null@ */ pvdisplay_t, bool);
+
 ssize_t pv_transfer(pvstate_t, int, bool *, bool *, off_t, long *);
 int pv_next_file(pvstate_t, unsigned int, int);
 /*@keep@*/ const char *pv_current_file_name(pvstate_t);

-void pv_write_retry(int, const char *, size_t);
-void pv_tty_write(pvstate_t, const char *, size_t);
+unsigned int pv_update_calc_average_rate_window(pvtransfercalc_t, unsigned int);
+void pv_reset_calc(pvtransfercalc_t);
+void pv_reset_transfer(pvtransferstate_t);
+void pv_reset_flags(pvtransientflags_t);
+void pv_reset_display(pvdisplay_t);
+void pv_freecontents_display(pvdisplay_t);
+void pv_freecontents_transfer(pvtransferstate_t);
+void pv_freecontents_calc(pvtransfercalc_t);
+void pv_freecontents_watchfd(pvwatchfd_t);
+void pv_freecontents_watchfd_items(struct pvwatcheditem_s *, unsigned int);

-void pv_crs_fini(pvstate_t);
-void pv_crs_init(pvstate_t);
-void pv_crs_update(pvstate_t, const char *);
+void pv_write_retry(int, const char *, size_t);
+void pv_tty_write(readonly_pvtransientflags_t, const char *, size_t);
+
+void pv_crs_fini(pvcursorstate_t, readonly_pvcontrol_t, pvtransientflags_t);
+void pv_crs_init(pvcursorstate_t, readonly_pvcontrol_t, pvtransientflags_t);
+void pv_crs_update(pvcursorstate_t, readonly_pvcontrol_t, pvtransientflags_t, const char *);
 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
-void pv_crs_needreinit(pvstate_t);
+void pv_crs_needreinit(pvcursorstate_t);
 #endif

 void pv_sig_allowpause(void);
 void pv_sig_checkbg(void);
 void pv_sig_nopause(void);

-void pv_remote_init(pvstate_t);
-void pv_remote_check(pvstate_t);
-void pv_remote_fini(pvstate_t);
-int pv_remote_set(pvstate_t);
+bool pv_remote_check(pvstate_t);

-int pv_watchfd_info(pvstate_t, pvwatchfd_t, bool);
 bool pv_watchfd_changed(pvwatchfd_t);
 off_t pv_watchfd_position(pvwatchfd_t);
-int pv_watchpid_scanfds(pvstate_t, pid_t, int *, pvwatchfd_t *, int *);
+int pv_watchpid_scanfds(pvstate_t, pid_t, int, int *, pvwatchfd_t *);
 void pv_watchpid_setname(pvstate_t, pvwatchfd_t);

 #ifdef __cplusplus
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Functions used across the program.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #endif

+#include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <signal.h>
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ extern "C" {
 */
 #define PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID 1
 #define PV_ERROREXIT_SAF	   1	/* store and forward error */
+#define PV_ERROREXIT_MONITOR	   1	/* monitor mode error */
 #define PV_ERROREXIT_ACCESS        2
 #define PV_ERROREXIT_OUROBOROS     4
 #define PV_ERROREXIT_TRANSITION    8
@@ -61,27 +63,29 @@ typedef enum {
 extern bool pv_isdigit(char);

 /*
- * Return the given string converted to a double, for use as a time
+ * Return the numeric value of a string representing a positive decimal time
 * interval.
 */
 extern double pv_getnum_interval(const char *);

 /*
- * Return the given string converted to an off_t, for use as a size,
- * optionally interpreting suffixes in decimal units (multiples of 1000)
- * instead of multiples of 1024.
+ * Return the numeric value of a string representing a size, interpreting
+ * suffixes in decimal units (multiples of 1000) instead of multiples of
+ * 1024 if the second argument is true.
+ *
+ * Optionally also places the result in a long double.
 */
-extern off_t pv_getnum_size(const char *, bool);
+extern off_t pv_getnum_size(const char *, bool, /*@null@ */ long double *);

 /*
- * Return the given string converted to an unsigned integer, for use as a
- * count such as screen width.
+ * Return the numeric value of a string representing a count such as screen
+ * width, interpreting it the same way as pv_getnum_size().
 */
 extern unsigned int pv_getnum_count(const char *, bool);

 /*
- * Return true if the given string is a number of the given type.  NB an
- * integer is both a valid integer and a valid double.
+ * Return true if the given string is a number of the given type.  Note that
+ * an integer is both a valid integer and a valid double.
 */
 extern bool pv_getnum_check(const char *, pv_numtype);

@@ -96,12 +100,21 @@ extern double pv_percentage(off_t, const off_t);
 * String handling wrappers.
 */

+/* String pointer that can be null. */
+typedef /*@null@*/ char * nullable_string_ptr;
+
 /*
- * Wrapper for sprintf(), falling back to sprintf() on systems without that
+ * Wrapper for snprintf(), falling back to sprintf() on systems without that
 * function.
 */
 extern int pv_snprintf(char *, size_t, const char *, ...);

+/*
+ * Wrapper for asprintf(), providing an equivalent on systems without that
+ * function.
+ */
+extern int pv_asprintf(nullable_string_ptr *, const char *, ...);
+
 /*
 * Implementation of strlcat() where it is unavailable: append a string to a
 * buffer, constraining the buffer to a particular size and ensuring
@@ -113,7 +126,7 @@ extern size_t pv_strlcat(char *, const char *, size_t);
 * Allocate and return a duplicate of a \0-terminated string, ensuring that
 * the duplicate is also \0-terminated.  Returns NULL on error.
 */
-/*@null@ */ /*@only@ */ extern char *pv_strdup(const char *);
+/*@null@ */ /*@only@ */ extern char *pv_strdup(const /*@null@ */ char *);

 /*
 * Return a pointer to the last matching character in the buffer, or NULL if
@@ -127,7 +140,7 @@ extern size_t pv_strlcat(char *, const char *, size_t);
 extern size_t pv_strwidth(const char *, size_t);

 /*
- * Return true if the character is printable.
+ * Return true if the character is printable 7-bit ASCII.
 */
 extern bool pv_isprint(char);

@@ -143,7 +156,7 @@ extern bool pv_isprint(char);
 */
 void pv_elapsedtime_read(struct timespec *);

-/* Set the time in the given timespec to zero. */
+/* Set the time in the timespec to zero. */
 void pv_elapsedtime_zero(struct timespec *);

 /* Copy the second timespec into the first.  Analogous to strcpy(3). */
@@ -158,7 +171,7 @@ int pv_elapsedtime_compare(const struct timespec *, const struct timespec *);
 /* Add the latter two timespecs and store them in the first timespec. */
 void pv_elapsedtime_add(struct timespec *, const struct timespec *, const struct timespec *);

-/* Add a number of nanoseconds to the given timespec. */
+/* Add a number of nanoseconds to a timespec. */
 void pv_elapsedtime_add_nsec(struct timespec *, long long);

 /* Set the first timespec to the second minus the third. */
@@ -175,10 +188,37 @@ void pv_nanosleep(long long);
 * Main PV functions.
 */

+/*
+ * Set the error message prefix.  If the new prefix is NULL, the current
+ * prefix is cleared.
+ */
+extern void pv_set_error_prefix(/*@null@ */ const char *);
+
+/*
+ * Output an error message.  If anything has been sent to the terminal
+ * already, then put a newline before the message, to avoid writing over
+ * what was sent earlier.
+ */
+extern void pv_error(char *, ...);
+
+/*
+ * Output an error message, like pv_error(), but following the message with
+ * a colon, a space, and the result of strerror(errno).
+ */
+extern void pv_perror(char *, ...);
+
+/*
+ * Check that a file descriptor is open on /dev/null, returning true if so.
+ * Otherwise return false; if the second argument is true, reports the
+ * problem with pv_error() before returning.
+ */
+extern bool pv_fd_is_dev_null(int, bool);
+
+
 /*
 * Create a new state structure, and return it, or 0 (NULL) on error.
 */
-extern /*@null@*/ /*@only@*/ pvstate_t pv_state_alloc(const char *);
+extern /*@null@*/ /*@only@*/ pvstate_t pv_state_alloc(void);

 /*
 * Clear the calculated parts of a state structure.
@@ -186,21 +226,31 @@ extern /*@null@*/ /*@only@*/ pvstate_t pv_state_alloc(const char *);
 extern void pv_state_reset(pvstate_t state);

 /*
- * Set the formatting string, given a set of old-style formatting options.
+ * Set the format options and use them to build a default formatting string.
+ * The default string is used if no format string is explicitly set.
 */
-extern void pv_state_set_format(pvstate_t state, bool progress,
-				bool timer, bool eta,
-				bool fineta, bool rate,
-				bool average_rate, bool bytes,
-				bool bufpercent,
-				size_t lastwritten,
-				/*@null@*/ const char *name);
+typedef struct {
+	size_t lastwritten;	  /* --last-written (amount) */
+	bool progress;		  /* --progress */
+	bool timer;		  /* --timer */
+	bool eta;		  /* --eta */
+	bool fineta;		  /* --fineta */
+	bool rate;		  /* --rate */
+	bool average_rate;	  /* --average-rate */
+	bool bytes;		  /* --bytes */
+	bool bufpercent;	  /* --buffer-percent */
+} pvformatoptions_s;
+extern void pv_state_set_format_options(pvstate_t, pvformatoptions_s);
+
+/* Append a string to the default format, and trigger a format reparse. */
+void pv_state_append_to_default_format(pvstate_t, /*@null@ */ const char *);

 /*
 * Set the various options.
 */
 extern void pv_state_force_set(pvstate_t, bool);
 extern void pv_state_cursor_set(pvstate_t, bool);
+extern void pv_state_use_osc94_set(pvstate_t, bool);
 extern void pv_state_show_stats_set(pvstate_t, bool);
 extern void pv_state_numeric_set(pvstate_t, bool);
 extern void pv_state_wait_set(pvstate_t, bool);
@@ -216,9 +266,11 @@ extern void pv_state_error_skip_block_set(pvstate_t, off_t);
 extern void pv_state_stop_at_size_set(pvstate_t, bool);
 extern void pv_state_sync_after_write_set(pvstate_t, bool);
 extern void pv_state_direct_io_set(pvstate_t, bool);
-extern void pv_state_rate_limit_set(pvstate_t, off_t);
+extern void pv_state_sparse_output_set(pvstate_t, bool);
+extern void pv_state_rate_limit_set(pvstate_t, long double, bool, bool);
 extern void pv_state_target_buffer_size_set(pvstate_t, size_t);
 extern void pv_state_no_splice_set(pvstate_t, bool);
+extern void pv_state_pipe_buffer_size_set(pvstate_t, size_t);
 extern void pv_state_discard_input_set(pvstate_t, bool);
 extern void pv_state_size_set(pvstate_t, off_t);
 extern void pv_state_interval_set(pvstate_t, double);
@@ -228,21 +280,23 @@ extern void pv_state_name_set(pvstate_t, /*@null@*/ const char *);
 extern void pv_state_default_bar_style_set(pvstate_t, /*@null@ */ const char *);
 extern void pv_state_format_string_set(pvstate_t, /*@null@*/ const char *);
 extern void pv_state_extra_display_set(pvstate_t, /*@null@*/ const char *);
-extern void pv_state_watch_pid_set(pvstate_t, pid_t);
-extern void pv_state_watch_fd_set(pvstate_t, int);
 extern void pv_state_output_set(pvstate_t, int, const char *);
 extern void pv_state_average_rate_window_set(pvstate_t, unsigned int);
-extern void pv_state_set_can_display_utf8(pvstate_t, bool);
+extern void pv_state_set_terminal_supports_utf8(pvstate_t, bool);
+extern void pv_state_othermonitor_set(pvstate_t, pid_t, int, int);
+extern void pv_state_cancel_output_if_empty_format_string(pvstate_t);

 extern void pv_state_inputfiles(pvstate_t, unsigned int, const char **);
+extern void pv_state_watchfds(pvstate_t, unsigned int, const pid_t *, const int *);

 /*
- * Work out whether we are in the foreground.
+ * Return true if either this is the foreground process on the terminal, or
+ * if the output is not a terminal; false otherwise.
 */
 extern bool pv_in_foreground(void);

 /*
- * Work out the terminal size.
+ * Populate *width and *height with the current terminal size.
 */
 extern void pv_screensize(unsigned int *width, unsigned int *height);

@@ -261,22 +315,48 @@ extern void pv_sig_init(pvstate_t);
 * Return true if SIGUSR2 has been received, and indicate the sender.
 */
 extern bool pv_sigusr2_received(pvstate_t, pid_t *);
+
+/*
+ * Return true if SIGUSR1 has been received, and indicate the sender.
+ */
+extern bool pv_sigusr1_received(pvstate_t, pid_t *);
 #endif

+/*
+ * Return a stream pointer for a control file associated with a particular
+ * process ID and signal.
+ */
+/*@null@ */
+/*@dependent@ */
+extern FILE *pv_open_controlfile(char *, size_t, pid_t, int, bool);
+
 /*
 * Enter the main transfer loop, transferring all input files to the output.
 */
 extern int pv_main_loop(pvstate_t);

 /*
- * Watch the selected file descriptor of the selected process.
+ * Watch the selected file descriptors of the selected processes.
 */
 extern int pv_watchfd_loop(pvstate_t);

 /*
- * Watch the selected process.
+ * Watch the progress of another pv process.
 */
-extern int pv_watchpid_loop(pvstate_t);
+extern int pv_query_loop(pvstate_t, pid_t);
+
+/*
+ * Set the options of another pv process.
+ */
+int pv_remote_set(pvstate_t, pid_t);
+
+/*
+ * Query another pv process for its elapsed transfer time, amount
+ * transferred, and total size, and update the local state with those
+ * values.  Optionally also return the total size separately.  Reports
+ * errors unless "silent" is true.
+ */
+int pv_remote_transferstate_fetch(pvstate_t state, pid_t query, /*@null@ */ off_t *sizeptr, bool silent);

 /*
 * Shut down signal handlers after running the main loop.
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Output debugging information.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -39,21 +39,21 @@ void debugging_output(const char *function, const char *file, int line, const ch
 	static FILE *debugfptr = NULL;
 	va_list ap;
 	time_t t;
-	struct tm *tm;
+	const struct tm *tm;
 	char tbuf[128];			 /* flawfinder: ignore */

 	/*
 	 * flawfinder note: tbuf is only written to by strftime() which
-	 * takes its size, and we enforce string termination.
+	 * takes its size, and string termination is enforced.
 	 */

 	if (false == tried_open) {
 		if (NULL != debug_filename) {
 			debugfptr = fopen(debug_filename, "a");	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 			/*
-			 * flawfinder note: caller directly controls
-			 * filename, the safest we can manage is to use
-			 * append mode.
+			 * flawfinder note: the caller directly controls the
+			 * filename, so using append mode is the safest
+			 * option.
 			 */
 		}
 		tried_open = true;
@@ -64,10 +64,9 @@ void debugging_output(const char *function, const char *file, int line, const ch
 	}

 	/*
-	 * Note that here we use gmtime() rather than localtime(), otherwise
-	 * we can get stuck in signal handlers - testing with "strace"
-	 * showed many cases where "pv </dev/zero | cat >/dev/null" being
-	 * paused and backgrounded would cause pv to be stuck in
+	 * Note gmtime() is used rather than localtime().  Testing with
+	 * "strace" showed many cases where "pv </dev/zero | cat >/dev/null"
+	 * being paused and backgrounded would cause pv to be stuck in
 	 * futex_wait() inside a pv_sig_alrm() inside a pv_sig_cont().  The
 	 * backtrace mentioned many time zone conversion steps, and all of
 	 * that goes away with gmtime().
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ void debugging_output(const char *function, const char *file, int line, const ch
 	if (0 == strftime(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tm)) {
 		tbuf[0] = '\0';
 	}
-	tbuf[sizeof(tbuf) - 1] = '\0';	    /* enforce termination */
+	tbuf[sizeof(tbuf) - 1] = '\0';	    /* enforce termination. */

 	(void) fprintf(debugfptr, "[%s] (%d) %s (%s:%d): ", tbuf, getpid(), function, file, line);

@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ void debugging_output(const char *function, const char *file, int line, const ch

 	/*
 	 * flawfinder note: vfprintf format is explicitly controlled by the
-	 * caller of this function - no mitigation possible or desirable.
+	 * caller of this function - no mitigation is possible or desirable.
 	 */

 	(void) fprintf(debugfptr, "\n");
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Output command-line help to stdout.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@ static size_t display_width(const char *string)

 	bytes = strlen(string);		    /* flawfinder: ignore */
 	/*
-	 * flawfinder rationale: we have already checked for NULL, and it is
-	 * explicitly required of the caller to provide a null-terminated
-	 * string.
+	 * flawfinder rationale: it is explicitly required of the caller to
+	 * provide a null-terminated string.
 	 */

 	return pv_strwidth(string, bytes);
@@ -50,97 +49,147 @@ static size_t display_width(const char *string)
 * The 7-bit ASCII version of display_word_wrap() below - does not
 * understand multi-byte characters.
 */
-static void display_word_wrap_7bit(const char *string, size_t display_width, size_t left_margin)
+static void display_word_wrap_7bit(const char *string, size_t display_width, size_t first_line_start,
+				   size_t left_margin)
 {
 	const char *start;
 	const char *end;
+	size_t wrap_at_width;

 	if (NULL == string)
 		return;

 	start = string;
+	wrap_at_width = display_width;
+	if (wrap_at_width > first_line_start)
+		wrap_at_width -= first_line_start;

-	while (strlen(start) > display_width) {	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+	/* Wrap lines that are too long. */
+	while (strlen(start) > wrap_at_width) {	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 		/* flawfinder rationale: see above. */

-		end = start + display_width;
+		/*
+		 * Find the last space before the end of the display line,
+		 * or if there isn't one, behave as if there was one at the
+		 * end of the display line.
+		 */
+		end = start + wrap_at_width;
 		while ((end > start) && (end[0] != ' '))
 			end--;
 		if (end == start) {
-			end = start + display_width;
+			end = start + wrap_at_width;
 		} else {
 			end++;
 		}
+		/* Display the string up to that space. */
 		printf("%.*s", (int) (end - start), start);
 		if (end == start)
 			end++;
 		start = end;
-		if (start[0] != '\0')
+		/*
+		 * If there's more text left, start a new display line and
+		 * pad it with spaces to the left margin, and change the
+		 * wrap width to the display width minus the left margin.
+		 */
+		if (start[0] != '\0') {
 			printf("\n%*s", (int) left_margin, "");
+			if (display_width > left_margin) {
+				wrap_at_width = display_width - left_margin;
+			} else {
+				wrap_at_width = 1;
+			}
+		}
 	}

+	/* Display the remainder of the string. */
 	printf("%s", start);
 }


 /*
 * Output a null-terminated string to standard output, word wrapping to
- * "display_width" display character positions, and left-padding any new
- * lines after the first one with "left_margin" spaces.
+ * "display_width" display character positions, assuming that the first line
+ * starts with the cursor already at "first_line_start" display character
+ * positions from the left, and left-padding any new lines after the first
+ * one with "left_margin" spaces.
 *
 * Wide characters are handled if NLS is enabled, but if they can't be, this
 * falls back to a version which just counts bytes as characters.
 */
-static void display_word_wrap(const char *string, size_t display_width, size_t left_margin)
+static void display_word_wrap(const char *string, size_t display_width, size_t first_line_start, size_t left_margin)
 {
 #if defined(ENABLE_NLS) && defined(HAVE_WCHAR_H)
+	size_t wrap_at_width;
 	size_t wide_char_count;
 	size_t wide_string_buffer_size;
 	wchar_t *wide_string;
-	size_t start_idx, end_idx, chars_remaining;
+	size_t start_idx, chars_remaining;
+
+	debug("[%s], display_width=%d, first_line_start=%d, left_margin=%d", string, (int) display_width,
+	      (int) first_line_start, (int) left_margin);

 	if (NULL == string)
 		return;

+	/* Calculate how many wide characters are in the multibyte string. */
+
 	/*@-nullpass@ */
 	/* splint note: see mbstowcs() call in pv_strwidth(). */
 	wide_char_count = mbstowcs(NULL, string, 0);
 	/*@+nullpass@ */
 	if (wide_char_count == (size_t) -1) {
 		debug("%s: %s: %s", "mbstowcs", string, strerror(errno));
-		display_word_wrap_7bit(string, display_width, left_margin);
+		display_word_wrap_7bit(string, display_width, first_line_start, left_margin);
 		return;
 	}

+	/*
+	 * Allocate a buffer in which to convert the multibyte string to a
+	 * wide-character string, plus one character for zero padding.
+	 */
+
 	wide_string_buffer_size = sizeof(*wide_string) * (1 + wide_char_count);
 	wide_string = malloc(wide_string_buffer_size);
 	if (NULL == wide_string) {
 		perror("malloc");
-		display_word_wrap_7bit(string, display_width, left_margin);
+		display_word_wrap_7bit(string, display_width, first_line_start, left_margin);
 		return;
 	}
 	memset(wide_string, 0, wide_string_buffer_size);

+	/* Convert the multibyte string to a wide-character string. */
+
 	if (mbstowcs(wide_string, string, 1 + wide_char_count) == (size_t) -1) {
 		debug("%s: %s: %s", "mbstowcs", string, strerror(errno));
 		free(wide_string);
-		display_word_wrap_7bit(string, display_width, left_margin);
+		display_word_wrap_7bit(string, display_width, first_line_start, left_margin);
 		return;
 	}

 	start_idx = 0;
+	wrap_at_width = display_width;
+	if (wrap_at_width > first_line_start)
+		wrap_at_width -= first_line_start;
 	chars_remaining = wide_char_count;

-	/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint seems unable to see the prototype for wcswidth(). */
-	while (chars_remaining > 0 && wcswidth(&(wide_string[start_idx]), chars_remaining) > display_width) {
-		/*@+unrecog@ */
-		size_t next_idx;
+	/* Wrap lines that are too long. */

-		end_idx = start_idx + display_width;
+	/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't see the prototype for wcswidth(). */
+	while (chars_remaining > 0 && wcswidth(&(wide_string[start_idx]), chars_remaining) > (int) wrap_at_width) {
+		/*@+unrecog@ */
+		size_t next_idx, end_idx;
+
+		/*
+		 * Find the last space before the end of the display line,
+		 * or if there isn't one, behave as if there was one at the
+		 * end of the display line.
+		 */
+
+		end_idx = start_idx + wrap_at_width;
 		while ((end_idx > start_idx) && (!iswspace(wide_string[end_idx])))
 			end_idx--;
 		if (end_idx == start_idx) {
-			end_idx = start_idx + display_width;
+			end_idx = start_idx + wrap_at_width;
 		} else {
 			end_idx++;
 		}
@@ -149,12 +198,13 @@ static void display_word_wrap(const char *string, size_t display_width, size_t l
 		if (end_idx == start_idx)
 			next_idx++;

+		/* Display the string up to that space, a character at a time. */
 		while (start_idx < end_idx && start_idx < wide_char_count) {
 			char multi_byte_string[MB_CUR_MAX + 1];	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 			/*
-			 * flawfinder rationale: array is explicitly
+			 * flawfinder rationale: the array is explicitly
 			 * cleared, large enough according to the wctomb()
-			 * manual, and we explicitly terminate the string.
+			 * manual, and the string is explicitly terminated.
 			 */
 			memset(multi_byte_string, 0, MB_CUR_MAX + 1);
 			if (wctomb(multi_byte_string, wide_string[start_idx]) >= 0) {
@@ -165,12 +215,26 @@ static void display_word_wrap(const char *string, size_t display_width, size_t l
 		}

 		start_idx = next_idx;
-		if (start_idx < wide_char_count)
+		/*
+		 * If there's more text left, start a new display line and
+		 * pad it with spaces to the left margin, and change the
+		 * wrap width to the display width minus the left margin.
+		 */
+		if (start_idx < wide_char_count) {
 			printf("\n%*s", (int) left_margin, "");
-
-		chars_remaining = wide_char_count - start_idx;
+			if (display_width > left_margin) {
+				wrap_at_width = display_width - left_margin;
+			} else {
+				wrap_at_width = 1;
+			}
+			chars_remaining = wide_char_count - start_idx;
+		} else {
+			/* Explicitly set to 0 to avoid underflow. */
+			chars_remaining = 0;
+		}
 	}

+	/* Display the remainder of the string, a character at a time. */
 	while (start_idx < wide_char_count) {
 		char multi_byte_string[MB_CUR_MAX + 1];	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 		/* flawfinder rationale as above. */
@@ -185,7 +249,7 @@ static void display_word_wrap(const char *string, size_t display_width, size_t l
 	free(wide_string);

 #else				/* ! defined(ENABLE_NLS) && defined(HAVE_WCHAR_H) */
-	display_word_wrap_7bit(string, display_width, left_margin);
+	display_word_wrap_7bit(string, display_width, first_line_start, left_margin);
 #endif				/* defined(ENABLE_NLS) && defined(HAVE_WCHAR_H) */
 }

@@ -309,11 +373,14 @@ void display_help(void)
 		 N_("prefix visual information with NAME"),
 		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
 		{ "-u", "--bar-style", N_("STYLE"),
-		 N_("set default bar style to NAME"),
+		 N_("set default bar style to STYLE"),
 		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
 		{ "-x", "--extra-display", N_("SPEC"),
 		 N_("also send progress to SPEC"),
 		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
+		{ "-9", "--conemu", NULL,
+		 N_("set terminal progress state with OSC 9;4 (ConEmu)"),
+		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
 		{ "-v", "--stats", NULL,
 		 N_("output transfer statistics at the end"),
 		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
@@ -336,6 +403,9 @@ void display_help(void)
 		{ "-C", "--no-splice", NULL,
 		 N_("never use splice(), always use read/write"),
 		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
+		{ "-J", "--pipe-buffer-size", N_("BYTES"),
+		 N_("set the pipe buffer size to BYTES"),
+		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
 		{ "-E", "--skip-errors", NULL,
 		 N_("skip read errors in input"),
 		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
@@ -351,20 +421,30 @@ void display_help(void)
 		{ "-K", "--direct-io", NULL,
 		 N_("use direct I/O to bypass cache"),
 		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
+		{ "-O", "--sparse", NULL,
+		 N_("try to seek instead of writing null bytes"),
+		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
 		{ "-X", "--discard", NULL,
 		 N_("discard input instead of writing to output"),
 		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
 		{ "-U", "--store-and-forward", N_("FILE"),
 		 N_("write all input to FILE before writing to output"),
 		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
-		{ "-d", "--watchfd", N_("PID[:FD]"),
+		{ "", NULL, NULL, NULL, { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
+		{ "-d", "--watchfd", N_("PID[:FD]|=NAME|@LISTFILE"),
 		 N_("watch file FD opened by process PID"),
 		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
 #ifdef PV_REMOTE_CONTROL
 		{ "-R", "--remote", N_("PID"),
 		 N_("update settings of process PID"),
 		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
+		{ "-Q", "--query", N_("PID"),
+		 N_("show progress of process PID"),
+		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
 #endif				/* PV_REMOTE_CONTROL */
+		{ "-M", "--monitor", "in|0|out|1|both|2",
+		 N_("run a command and monitor its standard input, output, or both"),
+		 { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
 		{ "", NULL, NULL, NULL, { 0, 0, 0, 0} },
 		{ "-P", "--pidfile", N_("FILE"),
 		 N_("save process ID in FILE"),
@@ -412,11 +492,11 @@ void display_help(void)
 	/*
 	 * splint note: the gettext calls made by _() cause memory leak
 	 * warnings, but in this case it's unavoidable, and mitigated by the
-	 * fact we only translate each string once.
+	 * fact that each string is only translated once.
 	 */
 	program_description = _("Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring.");
 	if (NULL != program_description) {
-		display_word_wrap(program_description, right_margin, 0);
+		display_word_wrap(program_description, right_margin, 0, 0);
 		printf("\n");
 	}

@@ -426,8 +506,8 @@ void display_help(void)
 	 * Translate the help text, and calculate the displayed width of
 	 * each part of each option definition.  The total display width of
 	 * the short option, long option, and option argument together form
-	 * the "option" width - we look for the widest one to calculate the
-	 * left margin for all of the descriptions to start at.
+	 * the "option" width.  The widest one is used to calculate the left
+	 * margin for all of the descriptions to start at.
 	 */
 	for (option_index = 0; NULL != option_definitions[option_index].opt_short; option_index++) {
 		struct option_definition_s *definition;
@@ -471,7 +551,8 @@ void display_help(void)
 		 *
 		 * "  <short>, <long> <arg>  <description>"
 		 *
-		 * If we don't have getopt_long() then ", <long>" is omitted.
+		 * If getopt_long() is unavailable then ", <long>" is
+		 * omitted.
 		 */
 		option_width += 2 + definition->width.opt_short;	/* "  short" */
 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_LONG
@@ -489,9 +570,12 @@ void display_help(void)
 	 * Set the left margin for the option descriptions, based on the
 	 * widest option width, or (right margin - min_description_width),
 	 * whichever is less, so that there is always room for
-	 * "min_description_width" characters of description.
+	 * "min_description_width" characters of description.  If there's
+	 * not even room for that, set the left margin to 2.
 	 */
-	description_left_margin = right_margin - min_description_width;
+	description_left_margin = 2;
+	if (right_margin > (min_description_width + 2))
+		description_left_margin = right_margin - min_description_width;
 	if (widest_option_width < description_left_margin) {
 		description_left_margin = widest_option_width;
 	}
@@ -532,18 +616,18 @@ void display_help(void)
 		}

 		/*
-		 * If the option is too wide, start a new line for the
-		 * description.  In both cases, pad with spaces up to the
-		 * description left margin.
+		 * If the option (with 2 trailing spaces) is too wide, start
+		 * a new line for the description.  Either way, pad with
+		 * spaces up to the description left margin.
 		 */
-		if (option_width > description_left_margin) {
+		if ((option_width + 2) > description_left_margin) {
 			printf("\n%*s", (int) description_left_margin, "");
 		} else if (option_width < description_left_margin) {
 			printf("%*s", (int) (description_left_margin - option_width), "");
 		}

 		/* Output the description, word wrapped. */
-		display_word_wrap(definition->opt_description, right_margin - description_left_margin,
+		display_word_wrap(definition->opt_description, right_margin, description_left_margin,
 				  description_left_margin);

 		printf("\n");
@@ -555,11 +639,11 @@ void display_help(void)
 		format_sequence_header = _("Supported format sequences:");
 		if (NULL != format_sequence_header) {
 			printf("\n");
-			display_word_wrap(format_sequence_header, right_margin, 0);
+			display_word_wrap(format_sequence_header, right_margin, 0, 0);
 			printf("\n");
 		}
 		printf("\n  ");
-		display_word_wrap(format_sequences, right_margin, 2);
+		display_word_wrap(format_sequences, right_margin, 2, 2);
 		free(format_sequences);
 		printf("\n");
 	}
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 * Main program entry point - read the command line options, then perform
 * the appropriate actions.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -19,14 +19,11 @@
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
 #ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
 #include <langinfo.h>
 #endif

-int pv_remote_set(opts_t, pvstate_t);
-void pv_remote_init(void);
-void pv_remote_fini(void);
-
 /*
 * Write a PID file, returning nonzero on error.  Write it atomically, such
 * that the file either exists and contains the PID, or is not updated at
@@ -47,38 +44,37 @@ static int pv__write_pidfile(opts_t opts)

 	/*
 	 * The buffer needs to be long enough to hold the pidfile with the
-	 * mkstemp template ".XXXXXX" after it.  The "%s" of our
-	 * pidfile_template adds 2 extra bytes to the length, of which we
-	 * need 1 byte for the terminating \0, so we subtract 1 byte more to
-	 * get the exact amount of space we need.
+	 * mkstemp template ".XXXXXX" after it.  The "%s" of the
+	 * pidfile_template adds 2 extra bytes to the length, of which 1
+	 * byte is used for the terminating \0, so subtract 1 byte more to
+	 * get the exact amount of space needed.
 	 */
 	pidfile_tmp_bufsize = strlen(pidfile_template) + strlen(opts->pidfile) - 1;	/* flawfinder: ignore */

 	/*
-	 * flawfinder rationale: flawfinder never likes strlen() in case
-	 * it's called on a string that isn't \0 terminated.  We have to use
-	 * strlen() to find the length of opts->pidfile, so have to trust
-	 * that the arguments in argv[] were \0 terminated.  We can be sure
-	 * that pidfile_template is \0 terminated because we've set it to a
-	 * constant value.  So we tell flawfinder to skip this check here.
+	 * flawfinder rationale: the warning is about strlen() being called
+	 * on a string that may not be \0 terminated.  pidfile_template is a
+	 * constant so is always \0-terminated.  opts->pidfile comes from
+	 * argv[] whose entries are \0-terminated.
 	 */
+
 	pidfile_tmp_name = malloc(pidfile_tmp_bufsize);
 	if (NULL == pidfile_tmp_name) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", opts->program_name, strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s", opts->pidfile);
 		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
 	}
 	memset(pidfile_tmp_name, 0, pidfile_tmp_bufsize);
 	(void) pv_snprintf(pidfile_tmp_name, pidfile_tmp_bufsize, pidfile_template, opts->pidfile);

-	/*@-type@ *//* splint doesn't like mode_t */
+	/*@-type@ *//* splint doesn't like mode_t. */
 	prev_umask = umask(0000);	    /* flawfinder: ignore */
 	(void) umask(prev_umask | 0133);    /* flawfinder: ignore */

-	/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't know mkstemp() */
+	/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't know mkstemp(). */
 	pidfile_tmp_fd = mkstemp(pidfile_tmp_name);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 	/*@+unrecog@ */
 	if (pidfile_tmp_fd < 0) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", opts->program_name, pidfile_tmp_name, strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s", pidfile_tmp_name);
 		(void) umask(prev_umask);   /* flawfinder: ignore */
 		free(pidfile_tmp_name);
 		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
@@ -87,21 +83,18 @@ static int pv__write_pidfile(opts_t opts)
 	(void) umask(prev_umask);	    /* flawfinder: ignore */

 	/*
-	 * flawfinder rationale (umask, mkstemp) - flawfinder
-	 * recommends setting the most restrictive umask possible
-	 * when calling mkstemp(), so this is what we have done.
-	 *
-	 * We get the original umask and OR it with 0133 to make
-	 * sure new files will be at least chmod 644.  Then we put
-	 * the umask back to what it was, after creating the
-	 * temporary file.
+	 * flawfinder rationale (umask, mkstemp) - flawfinder recommends
+	 * setting the most restrictive umask possible when calling
+	 * mkstemp().  To do this, the original umask is ORed with 0133 to
+	 * ensure that new files will be chmod 644 or more restricted.
+	 * After creating the temporary file, the old umask is restored.
 	 */

 	/*@+type@ */

 	pidfile_tmp_fptr = fdopen(pidfile_tmp_fd, "w");
 	if (NULL == pidfile_tmp_fptr) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", opts->program_name, pidfile_tmp_name, strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s", pidfile_tmp_name);
 		(void) close(pidfile_tmp_fd);
 		(void) remove(pidfile_tmp_name);
 		free(pidfile_tmp_name);
@@ -110,12 +103,14 @@ static int pv__write_pidfile(opts_t opts)

 	fprintf(pidfile_tmp_fptr, "%d\n", getpid());
 	if (0 != fclose(pidfile_tmp_fptr)) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", opts->program_name, opts->pidfile, strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s", pidfile_tmp_name);
 	}

 	if (rename(pidfile_tmp_name, opts->pidfile) < 0) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", opts->program_name, opts->pidfile, strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s", opts->pidfile);
 		(void) remove(pidfile_tmp_name);
+		free(pidfile_tmp_name);
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
 	}

 	free(pidfile_tmp_name);
@@ -135,20 +130,21 @@ static int pv__set_output(pvstate_t state, opts_t opts, /*@null@ */ const char *
 		return 0;

 	if (NULL == output_file || 0 == strcmp(output_file, "-")) {
+		debug("%s", "setting output to stdout");
 		pv_state_output_set(state, STDOUT_FILENO, "(stdout)");
 		return 0;
 	}

+	debug("%s: %s", "setting output", output_file);
 	output_fd = open(output_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0600);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 	/*
-	 * flawfinder rationale: the output filename has been
-	 * explicitly provided, and in many cases the operator will
-	 * want to write to device files and other special
-	 * destinations, so there is no sense-checking we can do to
-	 * make this safer.
+	 * flawfinder rationale: the output filename has been explicitly
+	 * provided, and in many cases the operator will want to write to
+	 * device files and other special destinations, so there is no
+	 * checking that could be done to make this safer.
 	 */
 	if (output_fd < 0) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", opts->program_name, output_file, strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s", output_file);
 		return PV_ERROREXIT_ACCESS;
 	}

@@ -158,13 +154,12 @@ static int pv__set_output(pvstate_t state, opts_t opts, /*@null@ */ const char *


 /*
- * Run in store-and-forward mode: run the main loop once with the output
- * forced to the store-and-forward file (taking care of creation and removal
- * of a temporary file if "-" was specified); then run the main loop again
- * with the input file list forced to be just the store-and-forward file. 
- * Returns nonzero on error.
+ * Store-and-forward mode: run the main loop once with the output forced to
+ * the store-and-forward file (creating and removing a temporary file if "-"
+ * was specified); then run the main loop again with the input file list
+ * forced to be just the store-and-forward file.  Returns nonzero on error.
 */
-static int pv__store_and_forward(pvstate_t state, opts_t opts, bool can_have_eta)
+static int pv__store_and_forward(pvstate_t state, opts_t opts, pvformatoptions_s format_options)
 {
 	char tmp_filename[4096];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
 	bool use_temporary_file;
@@ -201,11 +196,11 @@ static int pv__store_and_forward(pvstate_t state, opts_t opts, bool can_have_eta
 		 */

 		(void) pv_snprintf(tmp_filename, sizeof(tmp_filename), "%s/pv.XXXXXX", tmpdir);
-		/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't know mkstemp() */
+		/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't know mkstemp(). */
 		tmp_fd = mkstemp(tmp_filename);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 		/*@+unrecog@ */
 		if (tmp_fd < 0) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", opts->program_name, tmp_filename, strerror(errno));
+			pv_perror("%s", tmp_filename);
 			return PV_ERROREXIT_SAF;
 		}
 		(void) close(tmp_fd);
@@ -225,11 +220,10 @@ static int pv__store_and_forward(pvstate_t state, opts_t opts, bool can_have_eta
 	if (0 != retcode)
 		goto end_store_and_forward;

-	/* Reset the formatting to set the displayed name to "(input)". */
+	/* Set the displayed name to "(input)" and trigger a format reparse. */
 	/*@-mustfreefresh@ */
-	pv_state_set_format(state, opts->progress, opts->timer, can_have_eta ? opts->eta : false,
-			    can_have_eta ? opts->fineta : false, opts->rate, opts->average_rate,
-			    opts->bytes, opts->bufpercent, opts->lastwritten, _("(input)"));
+	pv_state_name_set(state, _("(input)"));
+	pv_state_set_format_options(state, format_options);
 	/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* see below about gettext _() calls. */

 	/* Run the main loop as normal. */
@@ -251,10 +245,12 @@ static int pv__store_and_forward(pvstate_t state, opts_t opts, bool can_have_eta
 	/* Recalculate the input size. */
 	pv_state_size_set(state, pv_calc_total_size(state));

-	/* Reset the format, since we might have been asked to show ETA. */
-	pv_state_set_format(state, opts->progress, opts->timer, opts->eta,
-			    opts->fineta, opts->rate, opts->average_rate,
-			    opts->bytes, opts->bufpercent, opts->lastwritten, opts->name);
+	/* Set the displayed name to whatever was requested. */
+	pv_state_name_set(state, opts->name);
+	/* Reset the format, in case ETA was originally requested. */
+	format_options.eta = opts->eta;
+	format_options.fineta = opts->fineta;
+	pv_state_set_format_options(state, format_options);

 	/* Reset calculated values in the state. */
 	pv_state_reset(state);
@@ -271,6 +267,381 @@ static int pv__store_and_forward(pvstate_t state, opts_t opts, bool can_have_eta
 }


+/*
+ * Run the main transfer loop for the given side of monitor mode, using the
+ * "command_fd" file descriptor as the transfer loop's output (on the "in"
+ * side, it's a pipe to the command) or as its input (on the "out" side,
+ * it's a pipe from the command).
+ *
+ * If both sides are active, "othermonitor_pid" is the PID of the monitor on
+ * the other side, "othermonitor_read_fd" is for reading transfer progress
+ * from the other monitor, and "othermonitor_write_fd" is for writing
+ * transfer progress to the other monitor.
+ *
+ * Returns the appropriate exit status.
+ *
+ * As a side effect, "command_fd" is closed.
+ */
+static int pv__run_monitor(pvstate_t state, pvside_t side, int command_fd,
+			   pid_t othermonitor_pid, int othermonitor_read_fd, int othermonitor_write_fd, off_t size,
+			   pvformatoptions_s format_options)
+{
+	const char *dummy_argv[1];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
+
+	/* flawfinder - the array length is passed along with the array. */
+
+	switch (side) {
+	case PV_SIDE_NONE:		    /* fall through */
+	case PV_SIDE_BOTH:
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_MONITOR;
+	case PV_SIDE_IN:
+		/* Replace stdout with the pipe to the command. */
+		debug("replacing stdout with fd %d", command_fd);
+		if (dup2(command_fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) {
+			pv_perror("%s", "dup2");
+			return PV_ERROREXIT_MONITOR;
+		}
+		break;
+	case PV_SIDE_OUT:
+		/* Replace stdin with the pipe from the command. */
+		debug("replacing stdin with fd %d", command_fd);
+		if (dup2(command_fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0) {
+			pv_perror("%s", "dup2");
+			return PV_ERROREXIT_MONITOR;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/* Close command_fd now it's been duplicated to the appropriate fd. */
+	if (close(command_fd) < 0) {
+		pv_perror("%s", "close");
+	}
+
+	/* Copy details of the other monitor into the main state. */
+	pv_state_othermonitor_set(state, othermonitor_pid, othermonitor_read_fd, othermonitor_write_fd);
+
+	/* Set the input files list to just "-". */
+	/*@-observertrans@ */
+	dummy_argv[0] = "-";
+	/*@+observertrans@ */
+	pv_state_inputfiles(state, 1, dummy_argv);
+
+	/* Calculate the size for this side. */
+	if (0 == size) {
+		size = pv_calc_total_size(state);
+		debug("%s: %llu", "no size given - calculated", size);
+	}
+
+	/* If the size is unknown, ETA cannot be displayed. */
+	if (size < 1) {
+		format_options.eta = false;
+		format_options.fineta = false;
+		pv_state_set_format_options(state, format_options);
+		debug("%s", "size unknown - ETA disabled");
+	}
+
+	/* Copy the calculated size into the main state. */
+	pv_state_size_set(state, size);
+
+	/* Add ratio to the default format on the out side of a "both". */
+	if ((othermonitor_pid > 0) && (PV_SIDE_OUT == side)) {
+		pv_state_append_to_default_format(state, "%{ratio}");
+	}
+
+	/* Prevent any progress output if the format was explicitly made empty. */
+	pv_state_cancel_output_if_empty_format_string(state);
+
+	/* Run the main transfer loop. */
+	return pv_main_loop(state);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Monitor mode: run a process and run the main transfer loop on its input,
+ * output, or both.  Returns the appropriate exit status.
+ *
+ * When monitoring both sides, two pipes are set up between the monitor
+ * processes for each side - in to out, and out to in - for them to exchange
+ * information about the transfer, so both sides can see how many bytes the
+ * other side has transferred.  This is what allows the in:out ratio to be
+ * displayed.
+ */
+static int pv__monitor(pvstate_t state, opts_t opts, pvformatoptions_s format_options)
+{
+	int pipefd_cmd_in[2];		 /* pipe from the monitor to the command */
+	int pipefd_cmd_out[2];		 /* pipe from the command to the monitor */
+	int pipefd_in_to_out[2];	 /* from in monitor to out monitor */
+	int pipefd_out_to_in[2];	 /* from out monitor to in monitor */
+	int retcode, pid_status;
+	pid_t command_pid, in_monitor_pid, out_monitor_pid, waited_pid;
+
+	/* Arguments check. */
+	if ((NULL == opts->argv) || (opts->argc < 1) || (NULL == opts->argv[0])) {
+		/*@-mustfreefresh@ */
+		pv_error("-M: %s", _("a command to run must be specified"));
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_MONITOR;
+		/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* see below about gettext _() calls. */
+	}
+
+	retcode = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Create the pipes for communicating with the command.
+	 */
+
+	pipefd_cmd_in[0] = -1;
+	pipefd_cmd_in[1] = -1;
+	pipefd_cmd_out[0] = -1;
+	pipefd_cmd_out[1] = -1;
+
+	/* Pipe for the input side of the command, if it's to be monitored. */
+	if ((PV_SIDE_IN == opts->side) || (PV_SIDE_BOTH == opts->side)) {
+		if (0 != pipe(pipefd_cmd_in)) {
+			pv_perror("%s", "pipe");
+			return PV_ERROREXIT_MONITOR;
+		}
+		debug("pipefd_cmd_in[]=(%d,%d)", pipefd_cmd_in[0], pipefd_cmd_in[1]);
+	}
+
+	/* Pipe for the output side of the command, if it's to be monitored. */
+	if ((PV_SIDE_OUT == opts->side) || (PV_SIDE_BOTH == opts->side)) {
+		if (0 != pipe(pipefd_cmd_out)) {
+			pv_perror("%s", "pipe");
+			if (-1 != pipefd_cmd_in[0])
+				(void) close(pipefd_cmd_in[0]);
+			if (-1 != pipefd_cmd_in[1])
+				(void) close(pipefd_cmd_in[1]);
+			return PV_ERROREXIT_MONITOR;
+		}
+		debug("pipefd_cmd_out[]=(%d,%d)", pipefd_cmd_out[0], pipefd_cmd_out[1]);
+	}
+
+	/* Common idiom to close an fd, and set it to -1, if it's open. */
+#define close_if_open(x) if (-1 != x) { \
+(void) close(x); \
+x = -1; \
+}
+
+	/* Create a process to run the command. */
+	command_pid = (pid_t) fork();
+	if (command_pid < 0) {
+		pv_perror("%s", "fork");
+		close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_in[0]);
+		close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_in[1]);
+		close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_out[0]);
+		close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_out[1]);
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_MONITOR;
+	} else if (0 == command_pid) {
+		/* Command process. */
+
+		/* Close the write end of the "in" pipe. */
+		close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_in[1]);
+
+		/* Close the read end of the "out" pipe. */
+		close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_out[0]);
+
+		/* Put the read end of the "in" pipe on stdin. */
+		if (-1 != pipefd_cmd_in[0]) {
+			debug("replacing command stdin with fd %d", pipefd_cmd_in[0]);
+			if (dup2(pipefd_cmd_in[0], STDIN_FILENO) < 0) {
+				pv_perror("%s", "dup2");
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+			(void) close(pipefd_cmd_in[0]);
+			debug("replaced command stdin with fd %d", pipefd_cmd_in[0]);
+			pipefd_cmd_in[0] = -1;
+		}
+
+		/* Put the write end of the "out" pipe on stdout. */
+		if (-1 != pipefd_cmd_out[1]) {
+			debug("replacing command stdout with fd %d", pipefd_cmd_out[1]);
+			if (dup2(pipefd_cmd_out[1], STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) {
+				pv_perror("%s", "dup2");
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+			(void) close(pipefd_cmd_out[1]);
+			debug("replaced command stdout with fd %d", pipefd_cmd_out[1]);
+			pipefd_cmd_out[1] = -1;
+		}
+
+		/* Execute the command. */
+		(void) execvp(opts->argv[0], (char *const *) (opts->argv));	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+		pv_perror("%s", "exec");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+		/*
+		 * flawfinder recommends using a library call instead of
+		 * executing another program with execvp(), but that isn't
+		 * appropriate here, the whole purpose of monitor mode is to
+		 * execute a process and monitor it.
+		 */
+	}
+
+	/* Main process, not the command process. */
+
+	/* Close the read end of the "in" pipe. */
+	close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_in[0]);
+
+	/* Close the write end of the "out" pipe. */
+	close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_out[1]);
+
+	/*
+	 * If monitoring both input and output, create pipes for the two
+	 * monitors to talk to each other in both directions.
+	 */
+	pipefd_in_to_out[0] = -1;
+	pipefd_in_to_out[1] = -1;
+	pipefd_out_to_in[0] = -1;
+	pipefd_out_to_in[1] = -1;
+	if (PV_SIDE_BOTH == opts->side) {
+		if (0 != pipe(pipefd_in_to_out)) {
+			pv_perror("%s", "pipe");
+			close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_in[1]);
+			close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_out[0]);
+			(void) kill(command_pid, SIGTERM);
+			return PV_ERROREXIT_MONITOR;
+		}
+		debug("pipefd_in_to_out[]=(%d,%d)", pipefd_in_to_out[0], pipefd_in_to_out[1]);
+		if (0 != pipe(pipefd_out_to_in)) {
+			pv_perror("%s", "pipe");
+			close_if_open(pipefd_in_to_out[0]);
+			close_if_open(pipefd_in_to_out[1]);
+			close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_in[1]);
+			close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_out[0]);
+			(void) kill(command_pid, SIGTERM);
+			return PV_ERROREXIT_MONITOR;
+		}
+		debug("pipefd_out_to_in[]=(%d,%d)", pipefd_out_to_in[0], pipefd_out_to_in[1]);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If monitoring both input and output, create a process for
+	 * monitoring the output side.
+	 */
+	in_monitor_pid = -1;
+	out_monitor_pid = -1;
+	if (PV_SIDE_BOTH == opts->side) {
+		in_monitor_pid = (pid_t) getpid();
+		out_monitor_pid = (pid_t) fork();
+		if (out_monitor_pid < 0) {
+			pv_perror("%s", "fork");
+			close_if_open(pipefd_in_to_out[0]);
+			close_if_open(pipefd_in_to_out[1]);
+			close_if_open(pipefd_out_to_in[0]);
+			close_if_open(pipefd_out_to_in[1]);
+			close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_in[1]);
+			close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_out[0]);
+			(void) kill(command_pid, SIGTERM);
+			return PV_ERROREXIT_MONITOR;
+		} else if (0 == out_monitor_pid) {
+			/* Output side monitoring process. */
+
+			/* Close the write end of the command "in" pipe. */
+			close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_in[1]);
+
+			/* Close the write end of the in-to-out pipe. */
+			close_if_open(pipefd_in_to_out[1]);
+
+			/* Close the read end of the out-to-in pipe. */
+			close_if_open(pipefd_out_to_in[0]);
+
+			retcode =
+			    pv__run_monitor(state, PV_SIDE_OUT, pipefd_cmd_out[0], in_monitor_pid,
+					    pipefd_in_to_out[0], pipefd_out_to_in[1], opts->size, format_options);
+
+			/* Close the other ends of the intra-monitor pipes. */
+			close_if_open(pipefd_in_to_out[0]);
+			close_if_open(pipefd_out_to_in[1]);
+
+			return retcode;
+		}
+
+		/* Input side monitoring process. */
+
+		/* Close the read end of the in-to-out pipe. */
+		close_if_open(pipefd_in_to_out[0]);
+
+		/* Close the write end of the out-to-in pipe. */
+		close_if_open(pipefd_out_to_in[1]);
+	}
+
+	/* Monitor the remaining side. */
+
+	/*
+	 * In "both" mode, the remaining side is "in", so if two sets of
+	 * name and/or format options were given, switch to using the ones
+	 * that had been given first.
+	 */
+	if (PV_SIDE_BOTH == opts->side) {
+		if (NULL != opts->name1) {
+			pv_state_name_set(state, opts->name1);
+		}
+		if (NULL != opts->format1) {
+			pv_state_format_string_set(state, opts->format1);
+		}
+		/* Trigger a format reparse. */
+		pv_state_set_format_options(state, format_options);
+	}
+
+	switch (opts->side) {
+	case PV_SIDE_NONE:
+		retcode = PV_ERROREXIT_MONITOR;
+		break;
+	case PV_SIDE_BOTH:
+	case PV_SIDE_IN:
+		/* Close the read end of the "out" pipe. */
+		close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_out[0]);
+		retcode =
+		    pv__run_monitor(state, PV_SIDE_IN, pipefd_cmd_in[1], out_monitor_pid,
+				    pipefd_out_to_in[0], pipefd_in_to_out[1], opts->size, format_options);
+		break;
+	case PV_SIDE_OUT:
+		/* Close the write end of the "in" pipe. */
+		close_if_open(pipefd_cmd_in[1]);
+		retcode =
+		    pv__run_monitor(state, PV_SIDE_OUT, pipefd_cmd_out[0], in_monitor_pid,
+				    pipefd_in_to_out[0], pipefd_out_to_in[1], opts->size, format_options);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If monitoring the "in" side, close stdout to signal EOF,
+	 * otherwise the wait for the monitored command would wait forever.
+	 */
+	if (PV_SIDE_IN == opts->side || PV_SIDE_BOTH == opts->side) {
+		if (close(STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) {
+			pv_perror("%s", "close");
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Wait for the monitored command to exit. */
+	do {
+		/*@-type@ */
+		/* splint disagreement about __pid_t vs pid_t. */
+		pid_status = 0;
+		waited_pid = waitpid(command_pid, &pid_status, 0);
+		/*@+type@ */
+	} while (-1 == waited_pid && EINTR == errno);
+
+	/* If monitoring both sides, wait for the "out" side to exit. */
+	if (PV_SIDE_BOTH == opts->side && -1 != out_monitor_pid) {
+		/* Close our ends of the intra-monitor pipes. */
+		close_if_open(pipefd_in_to_out[1]);
+		close_if_open(pipefd_out_to_in[0]);
+		/* Wait for the "out" side to exit. */
+		do {
+			/*@-type@ */
+			/* splint disagreement about __pid_t vs pid_t. */
+			pid_status = 0;
+			waited_pid = waitpid(out_monitor_pid, &pid_status, 0);
+			/*@+type@ */
+		} while (-1 == waited_pid && EINTR == errno);
+	}
+
+	return retcode;
+}
+
+
 /*
 * Process command-line arguments and set option flags, then call functions
 * to initialise, and finally enter the main loop.
@@ -281,7 +652,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	/*@only@ */ pvstate_t state = NULL;
 	int retcode = 0;
 	bool can_have_eta = true;
-	bool can_display_utf8 = false;
+	bool terminal_supports_utf8 = false;
+	pvformatoptions_s format_options;

 #if ! HAVE_SETPROCTITLE
 	initproctitle(argc, argv);
@@ -293,13 +665,16 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	(void) bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
 	(void) textdomain(PACKAGE);
 #ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
-	/*@-mustfreefresh@ *//* splint thinks nl_langinfo() leaks memory */
+	/*@-mustfreefresh@ *//* splint thinks nl_langinfo() leaks memory. */
 	if (0 == strcmp(nl_langinfo(CODESET), "UTF-8"))
-		can_display_utf8 = true;
+		terminal_supports_utf8 = true;
 	/*@+mustfreefresh@ */
 #endif
 #endif

+	/* Set an initial value for the error message prefix. */
+	pv_set_error_prefix(argv[0]);
+
 	/* Parse the command line arguments. */
 	opts = opts_parse(argc >= 0 ? (unsigned int) argc : 0, argv);
 	if (NULL == opts) {
@@ -308,7 +683,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}

 	/* Early exit if necessary, such as with "-h". */
-	if (opts->do_nothing) {
+	if (PV_ACTION_NOTHING == opts->action) {
 		debug("%s", "nothing to do - exiting with status 0");
 		opts_free(opts);
 		return 0;
@@ -317,38 +692,23 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	/*
 	 * Allocate our internal state buffer.
 	 */
-	state = pv_state_alloc(opts->program_name);
+	state = pv_state_alloc();
 	if (NULL == state) {
 		/*@-mustfreefresh@ */
 		/*
 		 * splint note: the gettext calls made by _() cause memory
 		 * leak warnings, but in this case it's unavoidable, and
-		 * mitigated by the fact we only translate each string once.
+		 * mitigated by the fact that each string is only translated
+		 * once.
 		 */
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", opts->program_name, _("state allocation failed"), strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s", _("memory allocation failure"));
 		opts_free(opts);
 		debug("%s: %d", "exiting with status", PV_ERROREXIT_MEMORY);
+		pv_set_error_prefix(NULL);
 		return PV_ERROREXIT_MEMORY;
 		/*@+mustfreefresh@ */
 	}

-	/*
-	 * -R specified - send the message, then exit.
-	 */
-	if (opts->remote > 0) {
-		/* Initialise signal handling. */
-		pv_sig_init(state);
-		/* Send the message. */
-		retcode = pv_remote_set(opts, state);
-		/* Close down the signal handling. */
-		pv_sig_fini(state);
-		/* Free resources. */
-		pv_state_free(state);
-		opts_free(opts);
-		/* Early exit. */
-		return retcode;
-	}
-
 	/*
 	 * Write a PID file if -P was specified.
 	 */
@@ -358,32 +718,44 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		if (0 != pidfile_rc) {
 			pv_state_free(state);
 			opts_free(opts);
+			pv_set_error_prefix(NULL);
 			return pidfile_rc;
 		}
 	}

 	/*
-	 * If no files were given, pretend "-" was given (stdin).
+	 * If no files were given, behave as if "-" was given (stdin).
 	 */
 	if (0 == opts->argc) {
 		debug("%s", "no files given - adding fake argument `-'");
 		if (!opts_add_file(opts, "-")) {
 			pv_state_free(state);
 			opts_free(opts);
+			pv_set_error_prefix(NULL);
 			return PV_ERROREXIT_MEMORY;
 		}
 	}

 	/*
-	 * Put our list of input files into the PV internal state.
+	 * Put the list of input files into the PV internal state.
+	 *
+	 * Don't do this in monitor mode, since the rest of PV won't be
+	 * using the list in that case.
 	 */
-	if (NULL != opts->argv) {
+	if ((NULL != opts->argv) && (PV_ACTION_MONITOR != opts->action)) {
 		pv_state_inputfiles(state, opts->argc, (const char **) (opts->argv));
 	}

 	/*
-	 * If stderr is not a terminal and we're neither forcing output nor
-	 * outputting numerically, we will have nothing to display at all.
+	 * Put the list of watchfd items into the PV internal state.
+	 */
+	if ((opts->watchfd_count > 0) && (NULL != opts->watchfd_pid) && (NULL != opts->watchfd_fd)) {
+		pv_state_watchfds(state, opts->watchfd_count, opts->watchfd_pid, opts->watchfd_fd);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If stderr is not a terminal and neither --force nor --numeric is
+	 * active, there will be nothing to display at all.
 	 */
 	if ((0 == isatty(STDERR_FILENO))
 	    && (false == opts->force)
@@ -431,28 +803,36 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		opts->interval = 600;

 	/*
-	 * Set output file, treating no output or "-" as stdout; we have to
-	 * do this before looking at setting the size, as the size
+	 * Set the output file, treating no output or "-" as stdout.  This
+	 * must be done before trying to set the size, as the size
 	 * calculation looks at the output file if the input size can't be
 	 * calculated (issue #91).
+	 *
+	 * The sparse output flag before doing this, so that in sparse mode
+	 * the lseek() on O_APPEND can be done (issue #45); see the comments
+	 * in pv_state_output_set() in src/pv/state.c.
 	 */
+	pv_state_sparse_output_set(state, opts->sparse_output);
 	retcode = pv__set_output(state, opts, opts->output);
 	if (0 != retcode) {
 		pv_state_free(state);
 		opts_free(opts);
+		pv_set_error_prefix(NULL);
 		return retcode;
 	}

 	/*
-	 * Copy the "stop at size" option before checking the total size,
-	 * since calculating the size from the output block device size
-	 * after this may want to force this setting on, and if we set it
-	 * afterwards, we undo the override.
+	 * Copy the "stop at size" option into the main state before
+	 * checking the total size.  If pv_calc_total_size() finds that the
+	 * output is a block device, it will use the size of the block
+	 * device, and also set the stop-at-size flag.  So
+	 * pv_state_stop_at_size_set() must be called before
+	 * pv_calc_total_size(), otherwise it would undo that override.
 	 */
 	pv_state_stop_at_size_set(state, opts->stop_at_size);

 	/* Total size calculation, in normal transfer mode. */
-	if (0 == opts->watch_pid) {
+	if (PV_ACTION_TRANSFER == opts->action) {
 		/*
 		 * If no size was given, try to calculate the total size.
 		 */
@@ -464,7 +844,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		}

 		/*
-		 * If the size is unknown, we cannot have an ETA.
+		 * If the size is unknown, ETA cannot be shown.
 		 */
 		if (opts->size < 1) {
 			can_have_eta = false;
@@ -472,6 +852,32 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		}
 	}

+	/* Initialise the signal handling. */
+	pv_sig_init(state);
+
+	/*
+	 * Get the total size, in query mode.
+	 *
+	 * Since pv_remote_transferstate_fetch() uses signals, signal
+	 * handling has to have been set up first.
+	 */
+	if (PV_ACTION_QUERY == opts->action) {
+		opts->size = 0;
+		retcode = pv_remote_transferstate_fetch(state, opts->query, &(opts->size), false);
+		if (0 != retcode) {
+			pv_sig_fini(state);
+			pv_state_free(state);
+			opts_free(opts);
+			pv_set_error_prefix(NULL);
+			return retcode;
+		}
+		/* As above - no ETA if the size is unknown. */
+		if (opts->size < 1) {
+			can_have_eta = false;
+			debug("%s", "size unknown - ETA disabled");
+		}
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Copy the remaining parameters from the options into the main
 	 * state.
@@ -483,6 +889,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	pv_state_no_display_set(state, opts->no_display);
 	pv_state_force_set(state, opts->force);
 	pv_state_cursor_set(state, opts->cursor);
+	pv_state_use_osc94_set(state, opts->use_osc94);
 	pv_state_show_stats_set(state, opts->show_stats);
 	pv_state_numeric_set(state, opts->numeric);
 	pv_state_wait_set(state, opts->wait);
@@ -497,51 +904,68 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	pv_state_sync_after_write_set(state, opts->sync_after_write);
 	pv_state_direct_io_set(state, opts->direct_io);
 	pv_state_discard_input_set(state, opts->discard_input);
-	pv_state_rate_limit_set(state, opts->rate_limit);
+	pv_state_rate_limit_set(state, opts->rate_limit, opts->rate_limit_specified, opts->rate_limit_active);
 	pv_state_target_buffer_size_set(state, opts->buffer_size);
 	pv_state_no_splice_set(state, opts->no_splice);
+	pv_state_pipe_buffer_size_set(state, opts->pipe_buffer_size);
 	pv_state_size_set(state, opts->size);
 	pv_state_name_set(state, opts->name);
 	pv_state_default_bar_style_set(state, opts->default_bar_style);
 	pv_state_format_string_set(state, opts->format);
 	pv_state_extra_display_set(state, opts->extra_display);
-	pv_state_watch_pid_set(state, opts->watch_pid);
-	pv_state_watch_fd_set(state, opts->watch_fd);
 	pv_state_average_rate_window_set(state, opts->average_rate_window);

-	pv_state_set_format(state, opts->progress, opts->timer, can_have_eta ? opts->eta : false,
-			    can_have_eta ? opts->fineta : false, opts->rate, opts->average_rate,
-			    opts->bytes, opts->bufpercent, opts->lastwritten, opts->name);
+	format_options.progress = opts->progress;
+	format_options.timer = opts->timer;
+	format_options.eta = can_have_eta ? opts->eta : false;
+	format_options.fineta = can_have_eta ? opts->fineta : false;
+	format_options.rate = opts->rate;
+	format_options.average_rate = opts->average_rate;
+	format_options.bytes = opts->bytes;
+	format_options.bufpercent = opts->bufpercent;
+	format_options.lastwritten = opts->lastwritten;

-	debug("%s: %s", "can_display_utf8", can_display_utf8 ? "true" : "false");
-	pv_state_set_can_display_utf8(state, can_display_utf8);
+	pv_state_set_format_options(state, format_options);

-	/* Initialise the signal handling. */
-	pv_sig_init(state);
+	debug("%s: %s", "terminal_supports_utf8", terminal_supports_utf8 ? "true" : "false");
+	pv_state_set_terminal_supports_utf8(state, terminal_supports_utf8);

 	/* Run the appropriate main loop. */
-	if (0 == opts->watch_pid && NULL == opts->store_and_forward_file) {
+	switch (opts->action) {
+	case PV_ACTION_NOTHING:
+		break;
+	case PV_ACTION_TRANSFER:
 		/* Normal "transfer data" mode. */
-		pv_remote_init();
+		pv_state_cancel_output_if_empty_format_string(state);
 		retcode = pv_main_loop(state);
-		pv_remote_fini();
-	} else if (0 == opts->watch_pid && NULL != opts->store_and_forward_file) {
+		break;
+	case PV_ACTION_STORE_AND_FORWARD:
 		/* Store-and-forward transfer mode. */
-		pv_remote_init();
-		retcode = pv__store_and_forward(state, opts, can_have_eta);
-		pv_remote_fini();
-	} else if (0 != opts->watch_pid && -1 == opts->watch_fd) {
-		/* "Watch all file descriptors of another process" mode. */
-		retcode = pv_watchpid_loop(state);
-	} else if (0 != opts->watch_pid && -1 != opts->watch_fd) {
-		/* "Watch a specific file descriptor of another process" mode. */
+		pv_state_cancel_output_if_empty_format_string(state);
+		retcode = pv__store_and_forward(state, opts, format_options);
+		break;
+	case PV_ACTION_WATCHFD:
+		/* "Watch file descriptor(s) of another process" mode. */
 		retcode = pv_watchfd_loop(state);
+		break;
+	case PV_ACTION_REMOTE_CONTROL:
+		/* Change the options of another running pv. */
+		retcode = pv_remote_set(state, opts->remote);
+		break;
+	case PV_ACTION_QUERY:
+		/* Query the progress of another running pv. */
+		retcode = pv_query_loop(state, opts->query);
+		break;
+	case PV_ACTION_MONITOR:
+		/* Run a process and monitor its input and output. */
+		retcode = pv__monitor(state, opts, format_options);
+		break;
 	}

 	/* Clear up the PID file, if one was written. */
 	if (opts->pidfile != NULL) {
 		if (0 != remove(opts->pidfile)) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", opts->program_name, opts->pidfile, strerror(errno));
+			pv_perror("%s", opts->pidfile);
 		}
 	}

@@ -554,6 +978,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	/* Free the data from parsing the command-line arguments. */
 	opts_free(opts);

+	/* Clear the error message prefix. */
+	pv_set_error_prefix(NULL);
+
 	debug("%s: %d", "exiting with status", retcode);

 	return retcode;
@@ -1,445 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Remote-control functions.
- *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
- *
- * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
- */
-
-#include "config.h"
-#include "options.h"
-#include "pv.h"
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-#ifdef PV_REMOTE_CONTROL
-void pv_error(pvstate_t, char *, ...);
-
-struct remote_msg {
-	bool progress;			 /* progress bar flag */
-	bool timer;			 /* timer flag */
-	bool eta;			 /* ETA flag */
-	bool fineta;			 /* absolute ETA flag */
-	bool rate;			 /* rate counter flag */
-	bool average_rate;		 /* average rate counter flag */
-	bool bytes;			 /* bytes transferred flag */
-	bool bufpercent;		 /* transfer buffer percentage flag */
-	size_t lastwritten;		 /* last-written bytes count */
-	off_t rate_limit;		 /* rate limit, in bytes per second */
-	size_t buffer_size;		 /* buffer size, in bytes (0=default) */
-	off_t size;			 /* total size of data */
-	double interval;		 /* interval between updates */
-	unsigned int width;		 /* screen width */
-	unsigned int height;		 /* screen height */
-	bool width_set_manually;	 /* width was set manually, not detected */
-	bool height_set_manually;	 /* height was set manually, not detected */
-	char name[256];			 /* flawfinder: ignore */
-	char format[256];		 /* flawfinder: ignore */
-	char extra_display[256];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
-};
-
-/*
- * flawfinder rationale: name, format, and extra_display are always
- * explicitly zeroed and bounded to one less than their size so they are
- * always \0 terminated.
- */
-
-
-/*
- * Return a stream pointer, and populate the filename buffer, for a control
- * file associated with a particular process ID; it will be opened for
- * writing if "sender" is true.  Returns NULL on error.
- */
-/*@null@ */
-/*@dependent@ */
-static FILE *pv__control_file(char *filename, size_t bufsize, pid_t control_pid, bool sender)
-{
-	int open_flags, open_mode, control_fd;
-	/*@dependent@ */ FILE *control_fptr = NULL;
-
-	open_flags = O_RDONLY;
-#ifdef O_NOFOLLOW
-	open_flags += O_NOFOLLOW;
-#endif
-	if (sender)
-		open_flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL;
-
-	open_mode = 0644;
-
-	(void) pv_snprintf(filename, bufsize, "/run/user/%lu/pv.remote.%lu", (unsigned long) geteuid(),
-			   (unsigned long) control_pid);
-	control_fd = open(filename, open_flags, open_mode);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-
-	/*
-	 * If /run/user/<uid> wasn't usable, try $HOME/.pv instead.
-	 */
-	if (control_fd < 0) {
-		char *home_dir;
-
-		home_dir = getenv("HOME");  /* flawfinder: ignore */
-		if (NULL == home_dir)
-			return NULL;
-		if ('\0' == home_dir[0])
-			return NULL;
-
-		/*
-		 * flawfinder rationale: null and zero-size values are
-		 * rejected, and the destination buffer is bounded.
-		 */
-
-		(void) pv_snprintf(filename, bufsize, "%s/.pv/remote.%lu", home_dir, (unsigned long) control_pid);
-		control_fd = open(filename, open_flags, open_mode);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-
-		/*
-		 * If the open failed, try creating the $HOME/.pv directory
-		 * first.
-		 */
-		if (control_fd < 0) {
-			(void) pv_snprintf(filename, bufsize, "%s/.pv", home_dir);
-			(void) mkdir(filename, 0700);
-			/* In case of weird umask, explicitly chmod the dir. */
-			(void) chmod(filename, 0700);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-			(void) pv_snprintf(filename, bufsize, "%s/.pv/remote.%lu", home_dir,
-					   (unsigned long) control_pid);
-			control_fd = open(filename, open_flags, open_mode);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-		}
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * flawfinder rationale: the files are in a directory whose parents
-	 * cannot be manipulated, and we are not allowing the final
-	 * component to be a symbolic link.  We are checking that $HOME is
-	 * not NULL, and it's bounded by pv_snprintf() so it can't overshoot
-	 * the filename buffer.  When we chmod $HOME/.pv, we assume that an
-	 * attacker is unlikely to be able to manipulate $HOME's contents to
-	 * make use of us setting $HOME/.pv to mode 700.
-	 */
-
-	if (control_fd < 0)
-		return NULL;
-
-	debug("%s: %s", "control filename", filename);
-
-	control_fptr = fdopen(control_fd, sender ? "wb" : "rb");
-
-	return control_fptr;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Set the options of a remote process by writing them to a file, sending a
- * signal to the receiving process, and waiting for the message to be
- * consumed by the remote process.
- *
- * Returns nonzero on error.
- */
-int pv_remote_set(opts_t opts, pvstate_t state)
-{
-	char control_filename[4096];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
-	FILE *control_fptr;
-	struct remote_msg msgbuf;
-	pid_t signal_sender;
-	long timeout;
-	bool received;
-
-	/*
-	 * flawfinder rationale: buffer is large enough, explicitly zeroed,
-	 * and always bounded properly as we are only writing to it with
-	 * pv_snprintf().
-	 */
-
-	/*
-	 * Check that the remote process exists.
-	 */
-	if (kill((pid_t) (opts->remote), 0) != 0) {
-		pv_error(state, "%u: %s", opts->remote, strerror(errno));
-		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Make sure parameters are within sensible bounds.
-	 */
-	if (opts->width < 1)
-		opts->width = 80;
-	if (opts->height < 1)
-		opts->height = 25;
-	if (opts->width > 999999)
-		opts->width = 999999;
-	if (opts->height > 999999)
-		opts->height = 999999;
-	if ((opts->interval > 0) && (opts->interval < 0.1))
-		opts->interval = 0.1;
-	if (opts->interval > 600)
-		opts->interval = 600;
-
-	/*
-	 * Copy parameters into message buffer.
-	 */
-	memset(&msgbuf, 0, sizeof(msgbuf));
-	msgbuf.progress = opts->progress;
-	msgbuf.timer = opts->timer;
-	msgbuf.eta = opts->eta;
-	msgbuf.fineta = opts->fineta;
-	msgbuf.rate = opts->rate;
-	msgbuf.average_rate = opts->average_rate;
-	msgbuf.bytes = opts->bytes;
-	msgbuf.bufpercent = opts->bufpercent;
-	msgbuf.lastwritten = opts->lastwritten;
-	msgbuf.rate_limit = opts->rate_limit;
-	msgbuf.buffer_size = opts->buffer_size;
-	msgbuf.size = opts->size;
-	msgbuf.interval = opts->interval;
-	msgbuf.width = opts->width;
-	msgbuf.height = opts->height;
-	msgbuf.width_set_manually = opts->width_set_manually;
-	msgbuf.height_set_manually = opts->height_set_manually;
-
-	if (opts->name != NULL) {
-		strncpy(msgbuf.name, opts->name, sizeof(msgbuf.name) - 1);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-	}
-	if (opts->format != NULL) {
-		strncpy(msgbuf.format, opts->format, sizeof(msgbuf.format) - 1);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-	}
-	if (opts->extra_display != NULL) {
-		strncpy(msgbuf.extra_display, opts->extra_display, sizeof(msgbuf.extra_display) - 1);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * flawfinder rationale: name, format, and extra_display are
-	 * explicitly bounded to 1 less than the size of their buffer and
-	 * the buffer is \0 terminated by memset() earlier.
-	 */
-
-	/*
-	 * Get the filename and file stream to use for remote control.
-	 */
-	memset(control_filename, 0, sizeof(control_filename));
-	control_fptr = pv__control_file(control_filename, sizeof(control_filename), (pid_t) getpid(), true);
-	if (NULL == control_fptr) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s", strerror(errno));
-		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Write the message buffer to the remote control file, and close
-	 * it.
-	 */
-	if (1 != fwrite(&msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), 1, control_fptr)) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s", strerror(errno));
-		(void) fclose(control_fptr);
-		(void) remove(control_filename);
-		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
-	}
-
-	if (0 != fclose(control_fptr)) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s", strerror(errno));
-		(void) remove(control_filename);
-		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Send a SIGUSR2 signal to the remote process, to tell it a message
-	 * is ready to read, after clearing our own "SIGUSR2 received" flag.
-	 */
-	signal_sender = 0;
-	(void) pv_sigusr2_received(state, &signal_sender);
-	if (kill((pid_t) (opts->remote), SIGUSR2) != 0) {
-		pv_error(state, "%u: %s", opts->remote, strerror(errno));
-		(void) remove(control_filename);
-		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
-	}
-
-	debug("%s", "message sent");
-
-	/*
-	 * Wait for a signal from the remote process to say it has received
-	 * the message.
-	 */
-
-	timeout = 1100000;
-	received = false;
-
-	while (timeout > 10000 && !received) {
-		struct timeval tv;
-
-		memset(&tv, 0, sizeof(tv));
-		tv.tv_sec = 0;
-		tv.tv_usec = 10000;
-		/*@-nullpass@ *//* splint: NULL is OK with select() */
-		(void) select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
-		/*@+nullpass@ */
-		timeout -= 10000;
-
-		if (pv_sigusr2_received(state, &signal_sender)) {
-			if (signal_sender == opts->remote) {
-				debug("%s", "message received");
-				received = true;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Remove the remote control file.
-	 */
-	if (0 != remove(control_filename)) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s", strerror(errno));
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Return 0 if the message was received.
-	 */
-	if (received)
-		return 0;
-
-	/*@-mustfreefresh@ */
-	/*
-	 * splint note: the gettext calls made by _() cause memory leak
-	 * warnings, but in this case it's unavoidable, and mitigated by the
-	 * fact we only translate each string once.
-	 */
-	pv_error(state, "%u: %s", opts->remote, _("message not received"));
-	return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
-	/*@+mustfreefresh @ */
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Check for a remote control message and, if there is one, replace the
- * current process's options with those being passed in.
- *
- * NB relies on pv_state_set_format() causing the output format to be
- * reparsed.
- */
-void pv_remote_check(pvstate_t state)
-{
-	pid_t signal_sender;
-	char control_filename[4096];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
-	FILE *control_fptr;
-	struct remote_msg msgbuf;
-
-	/* flawfinder rationale: as above. */
-
-	/*
-	 * Return early if a SIGUSR2 signal has not been received.
-	 */
-	signal_sender = 0;
-	if (!pv_sigusr2_received(state, &signal_sender))
-		return;
-
-	memset(control_filename, 0, sizeof(control_filename));
-	control_fptr = pv__control_file(control_filename, sizeof(control_filename), signal_sender, false);
-	if (NULL == control_fptr) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s: %s", control_filename, strerror(errno));
-		return;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Read the message buffer from the remote control file, and close
-	 * it.
-	 */
-	if (1 != fread(&msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), 1, control_fptr)) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s", strerror(errno));
-		(void) fclose(control_fptr);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	if (0 != fclose(control_fptr)) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s", strerror(errno));
-		return;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Send a SIGUSR2 signal to the sending process, to tell it the
-	 * message has been received.
-	 */
-	if (kill(signal_sender, SIGUSR2) != 0) {
-		debug("%u: %s", signal_sender, strerror(errno));
-	}
-
-	debug("%s", "received remote message");
-
-	pv_state_format_string_set(state, NULL);
-	pv_state_name_set(state, NULL);
-	pv_state_extra_display_set(state, NULL);
-
-	msgbuf.name[sizeof(msgbuf.name) - 1] = '\0';
-	msgbuf.format[sizeof(msgbuf.format) - 1] = '\0';
-	msgbuf.extra_display[sizeof(msgbuf.extra_display) - 1] = '\0';
-
-	pv_state_set_format(state, msgbuf.progress, msgbuf.timer,
-			    msgbuf.eta, msgbuf.fineta, msgbuf.rate,
-			    msgbuf.average_rate,
-			    msgbuf.bytes, msgbuf.bufpercent,
-			    msgbuf.lastwritten, '\0' == msgbuf.name[0] ? NULL : msgbuf.name);
-
-	if (msgbuf.rate_limit > 0)
-		pv_state_rate_limit_set(state, msgbuf.rate_limit);
-	if (msgbuf.buffer_size > 0) {
-		pv_state_target_buffer_size_set(state, msgbuf.buffer_size);
-	}
-	if (msgbuf.size > 0)
-		pv_state_size_set(state, msgbuf.size);
-	if (msgbuf.interval > 0)
-		pv_state_interval_set(state, msgbuf.interval);
-	if (msgbuf.width > 0 && msgbuf.width_set_manually)
-		pv_state_width_set(state, msgbuf.width, msgbuf.width_set_manually);
-	if (msgbuf.height > 0 && msgbuf.height_set_manually)
-		pv_state_height_set(state, msgbuf.height, msgbuf.height_set_manually);
-	if (msgbuf.format[0] != '\0')
-		pv_state_format_string_set(state, msgbuf.format);
-	if (msgbuf.extra_display[0] != '\0')
-		pv_state_extra_display_set(state, msgbuf.extra_display);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Initialise remote message reception handling.
- */
-void pv_remote_init(void)
-{
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Clean up after remote message reception handling.
- */
-void pv_remote_fini(void)
-{
-}
-
-#else				/* !PV_REMOTE_CONTROL */
-
-/*
- * Dummy stubs for remote control when we don't have PV_REMOTE_CONTROL.
- */
-void pv_remote_init(void)
-{
-}
-
-void pv_remote_check( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused)) pvstate_t state)
-{
-}
-
-void pv_remote_fini(void)
-{
-}
-
-int pv_remote_set(			 /*@unused@ */
-			 __attribute__((unused)) opts_t opts, /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused)) pvstate_t state)
-{
-	/*@-mustfreefresh@ *//* splint - see above */
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", _("SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"));
-	/*@+mustfreefresh@ */
-	return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
-}
-
-#endif				/* SA_SIGINFO */
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Output version information to stdout.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -18,16 +18,16 @@ void display_version(void)
 	/*
 	 * splint note: the gettext calls made by _() cause memory leak
 	 * warnings, but in this case it's unavoidable, and mitigated by the
-	 * fact we only translate each string once.
+	 * fact that each string is only translated once.
 	 */
-	/* GNU standard first line format: program and version only */
+	/* GNU standard first line format: program and version only. */
 	printf("%s %s\n", PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_VERSION);
-	/* GNU standard second line format - "Copyright" always in English */
-	printf("Copyright %s %s\n", "2025", "Andrew Wood");
-	/* GNU standard license line and free software notice */
+	/* GNU standard second line format - "Copyright" always in English. */
+	printf("Copyright %s %s\n", "2026", "Andrew Wood");
+	/* GNU standard license line and free software notice. */
 	printf("%s\n", _("License: GPLv3+ <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>"));
 	printf("%s\n", _("This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it."));
 	printf("%s\n", _("There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law."));
-	/* Project web site link */
+	/* Project web site link. */
 	printf("\n%s: <%s>\n", _("Project web site"), PACKAGE_URL);
 }
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Functions for updating the calculated state of the transfer.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -14,158 +14,167 @@
 /*
 * Update the current average rate, using a ring buffer of past transfer
 * positions - if this is the first entry, use the provided instantaneous
- * rate, otherwise calulate the average rate from the difference between the
- * current position + elapsed time pair, and the oldest pair in the buffer.
+ * rate, otherwise calculate the average rate from the difference between
+ * the current position + elapsed time pair, and the oldest pair in the
+ * buffer.  The current elapsed time and amount transferred (both from
+ * "transfer") are added to the buffer.
 */
-static void pv__update_average_rate_history(pvstate_t state, long double rate)
+static void pv__update_average_rate_history(pvtransfercalc_t calc, readonly_pvtransferstate_t transfer,
+					    unsigned int history_interval, long double rate)
 {
-	size_t first = state->calc.history_first;
-	size_t last = state->calc.history_last;
+	size_t first = calc->history_first;
+	size_t last = calc->history_last;
 	long double last_elapsed;

-	if (NULL == state->calc.history)
+	if (NULL == calc->history)
 		return;

-	last_elapsed = state->calc.history[last].elapsed_sec;
+	last_elapsed = calc->history[last].elapsed_sec;

 	/*
 	 * Do nothing if this is not the first call but not enough time has
 	 * elapsed since the previous call yet.
 	 */
 	if ((last_elapsed > 0.0)
-	    && (state->transfer.elapsed_seconds < (last_elapsed + state->control.history_interval)))
+	    && (transfer->elapsed_seconds < (last_elapsed + history_interval)))
 		return;

 	/*
-	 * If this is not the first call, add a new entry to the circular
+	 * If this is not the first call, add a new entry to the ring
 	 * buffer.
 	 */
 	if (last_elapsed > 0.0) {
-		size_t len = state->calc.history_len;
+		size_t len = calc->history_len;
 		last = (last + 1) % len;
-		state->calc.history_last = last;
+		calc->history_last = last;
 		if (last == first) {
 			first = (first + 1) % len;
-			state->calc.history_first = first;
+			calc->history_first = first;
 		}
 	}

-	state->calc.history[last].elapsed_sec = state->transfer.elapsed_seconds;
-	state->calc.history[last].transferred = state->transfer.transferred;
+	calc->history[last].elapsed_sec = transfer->elapsed_seconds;
+	calc->history[last].transferred = transfer->transferred;

 	if (first == last) {
-		state->calc.current_avg_rate = rate;
+		calc->current_avg_rate = rate;
 	} else {
-		off_t bytes = (state->calc.history[last].transferred - state->calc.history[first].transferred);
-		long double sec = (state->calc.history[last].elapsed_sec - state->calc.history[first].elapsed_sec);
-		state->calc.current_avg_rate = (long double) bytes / sec;
+		off_t bytes = (calc->history[last].transferred - calc->history[first].transferred);
+		long double sec = (calc->history[last].elapsed_sec - calc->history[first].elapsed_sec);
+		/* Safety check to avoid division by zero. */
+		if (sec < 0.000001 && sec > -0.000001)
+			sec = 0.000001;
+		calc->current_avg_rate = (long double) bytes / sec;
 	}
 }


 /*
- * Update all calculated transfer state (state->calc).
+ * Update all calculated transfer state in calc (usually from state->calc).
 *
- * If "final" is true, this is the final update, so
- * state->calc.transfer_rate and state->calc.average_rate are given as an
- * average over the whole transfer; otherwise they are the current transfer
- * rate and current average rate.
+ * If "final" is true, this is the final update, so calc->transfer_rate and
+ * calc->average_rate are given as an average over the whole transfer;
+ * otherwise they are the current transfer rate and current average rate.
 *
- * The value of state->calc.percentage will reflect the percentage
- * completion if state->control.size is greater than zero, otherwise it will
- * increase by 2 each call and wrap at 200.
+ * The value of calc->percentage will reflect the percentage completion if
+ * control->size is greater than zero, otherwise it will increase by 2 each
+ * call and wrap at 200.
 */
-void pv_calculate_transfer_rate(pvstate_t state, bool final)
+void pv_calculate_transfer_rate(pvtransfercalc_t calc, readonly_pvtransferstate_t transfer,
+				readonly_pvcontrol_t control, readonly_pvdisplay_t display, bool final)
 {
 	off_t bytes_since_last;
 	long double time_since_last, transfer_rate, average_rate;

-	/* Quick safety check - state must exist. */
-	if (NULL == state)
+	/* Quick safety checks for null pointers. */
+	if (NULL == calc)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == transfer)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == control)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == display)
 		return;

 	bytes_since_last = 0;
-	if (state->transfer.transferred >= 0) {
-		bytes_since_last = state->transfer.transferred - state->calc.prev_transferred;
-		state->calc.prev_transferred = state->transfer.transferred;
+	if (transfer->transferred >= 0) {
+		bytes_since_last = transfer->transferred - calc->prev_transferred;
+		calc->prev_transferred = transfer->transferred;
 	}

 	/*
-	 * In case the time since the last update is very small, we keep
-	 * track of amount transferred since the last update, and just keep
+	 * When the time since the last update is very small, keep track of
+	 * the amount transferred since the last update, and just keep
 	 * adding to that until a reasonable amount of time has passed to
 	 * avoid rate spikes or division by zero.
 	 */
-	time_since_last = state->transfer.elapsed_seconds - state->calc.prev_elapsed_sec;
+	time_since_last = transfer->elapsed_seconds - calc->prev_elapsed_sec;
 	if (time_since_last <= 0.01) {
-		transfer_rate = state->calc.prev_rate;
-		state->calc.prev_trans += bytes_since_last;
+		transfer_rate = calc->prev_rate;
+		calc->prev_trans += bytes_since_last;
 	} else {
 		long double measured_rate;

-		transfer_rate = ((long double) bytes_since_last + state->calc.prev_trans) / time_since_last;
+		transfer_rate = ((long double) bytes_since_last + calc->prev_trans) / time_since_last;
 		measured_rate = transfer_rate;

-		state->calc.prev_elapsed_sec = state->transfer.elapsed_seconds;
-		state->calc.prev_trans = 0;
+		calc->prev_elapsed_sec = transfer->elapsed_seconds;
+		calc->prev_trans = 0;

-		if (state->control.bits)
-			measured_rate = 8.0 * measured_rate;
-
-		if ((state->calc.measurements_taken < 1) || (measured_rate < state->calc.rate_min)) {
-			state->calc.rate_min = measured_rate;
+		if ((calc->measurements_taken < 1) || (measured_rate < calc->rate_min)) {
+			calc->rate_min = measured_rate;
 		}
-		if (measured_rate > state->calc.rate_max) {
-			state->calc.rate_max = measured_rate;
+		if (measured_rate > calc->rate_max) {
+			calc->rate_max = measured_rate;
 		}
-		state->calc.rate_sum += measured_rate;
-		state->calc.ratesquared_sum += (measured_rate * measured_rate);
-		state->calc.measurements_taken++;
+		calc->rate_sum += measured_rate;
+		calc->ratesquared_sum += (measured_rate * measured_rate);
+		calc->measurements_taken++;
 	}
-	state->calc.prev_rate = transfer_rate;
+	calc->prev_rate = transfer_rate;

-	/* Update history and current average rate for ETA. */
-	pv__update_average_rate_history(state, transfer_rate);
-	average_rate = state->calc.current_avg_rate;
+	/* Update the history and current average rate. */
+	pv__update_average_rate_history(calc, transfer, control->history_interval, transfer_rate);
+	average_rate = calc->current_avg_rate;

 	/*
-	 * If this is the final update at the end of the transfer, we
+	 * If this is the final update at the end of the transfer,
 	 * recalculate the rate - and the average rate - across the whole
 	 * period of the transfer.
 	 */
 	if (final) {
+		long double total_elapsed_seconds = (long double) (transfer->elapsed_seconds);
 		/* Safety check to avoid division by zero. */
-		if (state->transfer.elapsed_seconds < 0.000001)
-			state->transfer.elapsed_seconds = 0.000001;
+		if (total_elapsed_seconds < 0.000001)
+			total_elapsed_seconds = 0.000001;
 		average_rate =
-		    (((long double) (state->transfer.transferred)) -
-		     ((long double) state->display.initial_offset)) / (long double) (state->transfer.elapsed_seconds);
+		    (((long double) (transfer->transferred)) -
+		     ((long double) display->initial_offset)) / total_elapsed_seconds;
 		transfer_rate = average_rate;
 	}

-	state->calc.transfer_rate = transfer_rate;
-	state->calc.average_rate = average_rate;
+	calc->transfer_rate = transfer_rate;
+	calc->average_rate = average_rate;

-	if (state->control.size <= 0) {
+	if (control->size <= 0) {
 		/*
-		 * If we don't know the total size of the incoming data,
-		 * then for a percentage, we gradually increase the
-		 * percentage completion as data arrives, to a maximum of
-		 * 200, then reset it - we use this if we can't calculate
-		 * it, so that the numeric percentage output will go
-		 * 0%-100%, 100%-0%, 0%-100%, and so on.
+		 * If the total size of the incoming data is unknown, then
+		 * for a percentage, gradually increase the percentage
+		 * completion as data arrives, to a maximum of 200, then
+		 * reset it.  This means that the numeric percentage output
+		 * will go 0%-100%, 100%-0%, 0%-100%, and so on.
 		 */
 		if (transfer_rate > 0)
-			state->calc.percentage += 2;
-		if (state->calc.percentage > 199)
-			state->calc.percentage = 0;
+			calc->percentage += 2;
+		if (calc->percentage > 199)
+			calc->percentage = 0;
 	} else {
-		state->calc.percentage = pv_percentage(state->transfer.transferred, state->control.size);
+		calc->percentage = pv_percentage(transfer->transferred, control->size);
 	}

 	/* Ensure the percentage is never negative or huge. */
-	if (state->calc.percentage < 0.0)
-		state->calc.percentage = 0.0;
-	if (state->calc.percentage > 100000.0)
-		state->calc.percentage = 100000.0;
+	if (calc->percentage < 0.0)
+		calc->percentage = 0.0;
+	if (calc->percentage > 100000.0)
+		calc->percentage = 100000.0;
 }
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 * first `pv' process.
 *
 * However, some OSes (FreeBSD and MacOS X so far) don't allow locking of a
- * terminal, so we try to use a lockfile if terminal locking doesn't work,
- * and finally abort if even that is unavailable.
+ * terminal - so if terminal locking doesn't work, a separate lock file is
+ * used, and cursor positioning is abandoned if that also fails.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -44,27 +44,45 @@


 /*
- * Create a per-euid, per-tty, lockfile in ${TMPDIR:-${TMP:-/tmp}} for the
+ * Flag to allow reporting of "interrupted by signal" errors - cleared in
+ * secondary instances in a pipeline, so that only one will report them.
+ */
+static bool pv__allow_signal_interrupt_reporting = true;
+
+
+/*
+ * Create a per-euid, per-tty, lock file in ${TMPDIR:-${TMP:-/tmp}} for the
 * tty on the given file descriptor.
 */
-static void pv_crs_open_lockfile(pvstate_t state, int fd)
+static void pv_crs_open_lockfile(pvcursorstate_t cursor, readonly_pvcontrol_t control, int fd)
 {
 	char *ttydev;
 	char *tmpdir;
 	int openflags;

-	state->cursor.lock_fd = -1;
+	cursor->lock_fd = -1;

-	ttydev = ttyname(fd);
-	if (!ttydev) {
-		if (!state->control.force) {
-			pv_error(state, "%s: %s", _("failed to get terminal name"), strerror(errno));
+	/*
+	 * Note that a copy is made of result of ttyname(), so it's not in a
+	 * static buffer, because basename() may modify it.
+	 */
+
+	ttydev = pv_strdup(ttyname(fd));
+	if (NULL == ttydev) {
+		if (!control->force) {
+			/*
+			 * Error not translated as this should never be
+			 * reached, since ttyname() will have been called
+			 * earlier, and if it failed, cursor positioning
+			 * would have been turned off.
+			 */
+			pv_perror("%s", "ttyname");
 		}
 		/*
-		 * If we don't know our terminal name, we can neither do IPC
-		 * nor make a lock file, so turn off cursor positioning.
+		 * If the terminal name is unknown, then neither IPC nor a
+		 * lock file are feasible, so turn off cursor positioning.
 		 */
-		state->control.cursor = 0;
+		cursor->disable = true;
 		debug("%s", "ttyname failed - cursor positioning disabled");
 		return;
 	}
@@ -80,9 +98,20 @@ static void pv_crs_open_lockfile(pvstate_t state, int fd)
 	 * $TMP are rejected, and the destination buffer is bounded.
 	 */

-	memset(state->cursor.lock_file, 0, PV_SIZEOF_CRS_LOCK_FILE);
-	(void) pv_snprintf(state->cursor.lock_file,
-			   PV_SIZEOF_CRS_LOCK_FILE, "%s/pv-%s-%i.lock", tmpdir, basename(ttydev), (int) geteuid());
+	if (NULL != cursor->lock_file) {
+		free(cursor->lock_file);
+		cursor->lock_file = NULL;
+	}
+	(void) pv_asprintf(&(cursor->lock_file), "%s/pv-%s-%i.lock", tmpdir, basename(ttydev), (int) geteuid());
+
+	if (NULL == cursor->lock_file) {
+		pv_perror("%s: %s", ttydev, _("failed to open lock file"));
+		free(ttydev);
+		cursor->disable = true;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	free(ttydev);

 	/*
 	 * Pawel Piatek - not everyone has O_NOFOLLOW, e.g. AIX doesn't.
@@ -93,18 +122,18 @@ static void pv_crs_open_lockfile(pvstate_t state, int fd)
 	openflags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
 #endif

-	state->cursor.lock_fd = open(state->cursor.lock_file, openflags, 0600);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+	cursor->lock_fd = open(cursor->lock_file, openflags, 0600);	/* flawfinder: ignore */

 	/*
-	 * flawfinder rationale: we aren't truncating the lock file, we
-	 * don't change its contents, and we are attempting to use
-	 * O_NOFOLLOW where possible to avoid symlink attacks, so this
-	 * open() is as safe as we can make it.
+	 * flawfinder rationale: the file isn't being truncated and its
+	 * contents won't be changed, and O_NOFOLLOW will be used if
+	 * available (to avoid symlink attacks), so this open() has been made
+	 * as safe as possible.
 	 */

-	if (state->cursor.lock_fd < 0) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s: %s: %s", state->cursor.lock_file, _("failed to open lock file"), strerror(errno));
-		state->control.cursor = 0;
+	if (cursor->lock_fd < 0) {
+		pv_perror("%s: %s", cursor->lock_file, _("failed to open lock file"));
+		cursor->disable = true;
 		return;
 	}
 }
@@ -112,16 +141,16 @@ static void pv_crs_open_lockfile(pvstate_t state, int fd)

 /*
 * Lock the terminal on the given file descriptor, falling back to using a
- * lockfile if the terminal itself cannot be locked.
+ * lock file if the terminal itself cannot be locked.
 */
-static void pv_crs_lock(pvstate_t state, int fd)
+static void pv_crs_lock(pvcursorstate_t cursor, readonly_pvcontrol_t control, int fd)
 {
 	struct flock lock;
 	int lock_fd;

 	lock_fd = fd;
-	if (state->cursor.lock_fd >= 0)
-		lock_fd = state->cursor.lock_fd;
+	if (cursor->lock_fd >= 0)
+		lock_fd = cursor->lock_fd;

 	memset(&lock, 0, sizeof(lock));
 	lock.l_type = (short) F_WRLCK;
@@ -130,20 +159,21 @@ static void pv_crs_lock(pvstate_t state, int fd)
 	lock.l_len = 1;
 	while (fcntl(lock_fd, F_SETLKW, &lock) < 0) {
 		if (errno != EINTR) {
-			if (state->cursor.lock_fd == -2) {
-				pv_crs_open_lockfile(state, fd);
-				if (state->cursor.lock_fd >= 0) {
-					lock_fd = state->cursor.lock_fd;
+			if (cursor->lock_fd == -2) {
+				pv_crs_open_lockfile(cursor, control, fd);
+				if (cursor->lock_fd >= 0) {
+					lock_fd = cursor->lock_fd;
 				}
 			} else {
-				pv_error(state, "%s: %s", _("lock attempt failed"), strerror(errno));
+				pv_perror("%s", NULL == cursor->lock_file ? "(tty)" : cursor->lock_file);
 				return;
 			}
 		}
 	}

-	if (state->cursor.lock_fd >= 0) {
-		debug("%s: %s", state->cursor.lock_file, "terminal lockfile acquired");
+	if (cursor->lock_fd >= 0) {
+		debug("%s: %s", NULL == cursor->lock_file ? "(null)" : cursor->lock_file,
+		      "terminal lock file acquired");
 	} else {
 		debug("%s", "terminal lock acquired");
 	}
@@ -152,16 +182,16 @@ static void pv_crs_lock(pvstate_t state, int fd)

 /*
 * Unlock the terminal on the given file descriptor.  If pv_crs_lock used
- * lockfile locking, unlock the lockfile.
+ * lock file locking, unlock the lock file.
 */
-static void pv_crs_unlock(pvstate_t state, int fd)
+static void pv_crs_unlock(pvcursorstate_t cursor, int fd)
 {
 	struct flock lock;
 	int lock_fd;

 	lock_fd = fd;
-	if (state->cursor.lock_fd >= 0)
-		lock_fd = state->cursor.lock_fd;
+	if (cursor->lock_fd >= 0)
+		lock_fd = cursor->lock_fd;

 	memset(&lock, 0, sizeof(lock));
 	lock.l_type = (short) F_UNLCK;
@@ -170,8 +200,9 @@ static void pv_crs_unlock(pvstate_t state, int fd)
 	lock.l_len = 1;
 	(void) fcntl(lock_fd, F_SETLK, &lock);

-	if (state->cursor.lock_fd >= 0) {
-		debug("%s: %s", state->cursor.lock_file, "terminal lockfile released");
+	if (cursor->lock_fd >= 0) {
+		debug("%s: %s", NULL == cursor->lock_file ? "(null)" : cursor->lock_file,
+		      "terminal lock file released");
 	} else {
 		debug("%s", "terminal lock released");
 	}
@@ -182,23 +213,23 @@ static void pv_crs_unlock(pvstate_t state, int fd)
 /*
 * Get the current number of processes attached to our shared memory
 * segment, i.e. find out how many `pv' processes in total are running in
- * cursor mode (including us), and store it in pv_crs_pvcount. If this is
- * larger than pv_crs_pvmax, update pv_crs_pvmax.
+ * cursor mode (including this process), and store it in pv_crs_pvcount.  If
+ * this is larger than pv_crs_pvmax, update pv_crs_pvmax.
 */
-static void pv_crs_ipccount(pvstate_t state)
+static void pv_crs_ipccount(pvcursorstate_t cursor)
 {
 	struct shmid_ds buf;

 	memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
 	buf.shm_nattch = 0;

-	(void) shmctl(state->cursor.shmid, IPC_STAT, &buf);
-	state->cursor.pvcount = (int) (buf.shm_nattch);
+	(void) shmctl(cursor->shmid, IPC_STAT, &buf);
+	cursor->pvcount = (int) (buf.shm_nattch);

-	if (state->cursor.pvcount > state->cursor.pvmax)
-		state->cursor.pvmax = state->cursor.pvcount;
+	if (cursor->pvcount > cursor->pvmax)
+		cursor->pvmax = cursor->pvcount;

-	debug("%s: %d", "pvcount", state->cursor.pvcount);
+	debug("%s: %d", "pvcount", cursor->pvcount);
 }
 #endif				/* HAVE_IPC */

@@ -239,7 +270,7 @@ static int pv_crs_get_ypos(int terminalfd)
 	memset(cpr, 0, sizeof(cpr));

 #ifdef CURSOR_ANSWERBACK_BYTE_BY_BYTE
-	/* Read answerback byte by byte - fails on AIX */
+	/* Read answerback byte by byte - fails on AIX. */
 	for (got = 0, r = 0; got < (int) (sizeof(cpr) - 2); got += r) {
 		r = read(terminalfd, cpr + got, 1);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 		/* flawfinder rationale: bounded to buffer size by "for" */
@@ -256,9 +287,9 @@ static int pv_crs_get_ypos(int terminalfd)
 	     terminalfd, got, cpr[0], cpr[1], cpr[2], cpr[3], cpr[4], cpr[5]);

 #else				/* !CURSOR_ANSWERBACK_BYTE_BY_BYTE */
-	/* Read answerback in one big lump - may fail on Solaris */
+	/* Read answerback in one big lump - may fail on Solaris. */
 	r = read(terminalfd, cpr, sizeof(cpr) - 2);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-	/* flawfinder rationale: bounded to buffer size */
+	/* flawfinder rationale: bounded to buffer size. */
 	if (r <= 0) {
 		debug("r=%d: %s", r, strerror(errno));
 	} else {
@@ -285,23 +316,24 @@ static int pv_crs_get_ypos(int terminalfd)
 /*
 * Initialise the IPC data, returning nonzero on error.
 *
- * To do this, we attach to the shared memory segment (creating it if it
- * does not exist). If we are the only process attached to it, then we
- * initialise it with the current cursor position.
+ * Attaches to the shared memory segment (creating it if it does not exist).
+ * If this is the only process attached to it, then the memory is
+ * initialised with the current cursor position.
 *
- * There is a race condition here: another process could attach before we've
- * had a chance to check, such that no process ends up getting an "attach
- * count" of one, and so no initialisation occurs. So, we lock the terminal
- * with pv_crs_lock() while we are attaching and checking.
+ * To avoid a race condition, this function locks the terminal with
+ * pv_crs_lock() while attaching and checking.  The race condition is that
+ * another process could attach before this one checks, such that no process
+ * ends up getting an "attach count" of one, and so no initialisation
+ * occurs.
 */
-static int pv_crs_ipcinit(pvstate_t state, char *ttyfile, int terminalfd)
+static int pv_crs_ipcinit(pvcursorstate_t cursor, readonly_pvcontrol_t control, char *ttyfile, int terminalfd)
 {
 	key_t key;

 	/*
-	 * Base the key for the shared memory segment on our current tty, so
-	 * we don't end up interfering in any way with instances of `pv'
-	 * running on another terminal.
+	 * Base the key for the shared memory segment on the current tty, to
+	 * avoid interfering in any way with instances of `pv' running on
+	 * another terminal.
 	 */
 	key = ftok(ttyfile, (int) 'p');
 	if (-1 == key) {
@@ -309,55 +341,63 @@ static int pv_crs_ipcinit(pvstate_t state, char *ttyfile, int terminalfd)
 		return 1;
 	}

-	pv_crs_lock(state, terminalfd);
-	if (!state->control.cursor) {
+	pv_crs_lock(cursor, control, terminalfd);
+	if ((!control->cursor) || (cursor->disable)) {
 		debug("%s", "early return - cursor has been disabled");
 		return 1;
 	}

-	state->cursor.shmid = shmget(key, sizeof(struct pvcursorstate_s), 0600 | IPC_CREAT);
-	if (state->cursor.shmid < 0) {
+	cursor->shmid = shmget(key, sizeof(struct pvipccursorstate_s), 0600 | IPC_CREAT);
+	if (cursor->shmid < 0) {
 		debug("%s: %s", "shmget failed", strerror(errno));
-		pv_crs_unlock(state, terminalfd);
+		pv_crs_unlock(cursor, terminalfd);
 		return 1;
 	}

 	/*@-nullpass@ */
-	/* splint doesn't know shmaddr can be NULL */
-	state->cursor.shared = shmat(state->cursor.shmid, NULL, 0);
+	/* splint doesn't know shmaddr can be NULL. */
+	cursor->shared = shmat(cursor->shmid, NULL, 0);
 	/*@+nullpass@ */

-	pv_crs_ipccount(state);
+	pv_crs_ipccount(cursor);

 	/*
-	 * If nobody else is attached to the shared memory segment, we're
-	 * the first, so we need to initialise the shared memory with our
+	 * If no other process is attached to the shared memory segment,
+	 * this one is the first, so initialise the shared memory with the
 	 * current Y cursor co-ordinate and with an initial false value for
 	 * the TOSTOP-added flag.
 	 */
-	if (state->cursor.pvcount < 2) {
-		state->cursor.y_start = pv_crs_get_ypos(terminalfd);
-		state->cursor.shared->y_topmost = state->cursor.y_start;
-		state->cursor.shared->tty_tostop_added = false;
-		state->cursor.y_lastread = state->cursor.y_start;
+	if (cursor->pvcount < 2) {
+		cursor->y_start = pv_crs_get_ypos(terminalfd);
+		cursor->shared->y_topmost = cursor->y_start;
+		cursor->shared->tty_tostop_added = false;
+		cursor->y_lastread = cursor->y_start;
 		debug("%s", "we are the first to attach");
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Another process was first, so prevent the current
+		 * instance from reporting "interrupted by signal" errors
+		 * since the first one will do that.
+		 */
+		debug("%s", "not the first to attach - clearing pv__allow_signal_interrupt_reporting");
+		pv__allow_signal_interrupt_reporting = false;
 	}

-	state->cursor.y_offset = state->cursor.pvcount - 1;
-	if (state->cursor.y_offset < 0)
-		state->cursor.y_offset = 0;
+	cursor->y_offset = cursor->pvcount - 1;
+	if (cursor->y_offset < 0)
+		cursor->y_offset = 0;

 	/*
-	 * If anyone else had attached to the shared memory segment, we need
-	 * to read the top Y co-ordinate from it.
+	 * If any other process had attached to the shared memory segment
+	 * already, read the top Y co-ordinate from it.
 	 */
-	if (state->cursor.pvcount > 1) {
-		state->cursor.y_start = state->cursor.shared->y_topmost;
-		state->cursor.y_lastread = state->cursor.y_start;
-		debug("%s: %d", "not the first to attach - got top y", state->cursor.y_start);
+	if (cursor->pvcount > 1) {
+		cursor->y_start = cursor->shared->y_topmost;
+		cursor->y_lastread = cursor->y_start;
+		debug("%s: %d", "not the first to attach - got top y", cursor->y_start);
 	}

-	pv_crs_unlock(state, terminalfd);
+	pv_crs_unlock(cursor, terminalfd);

 	return 0;
 }
@@ -367,15 +407,18 @@ static int pv_crs_ipcinit(pvstate_t state, char *ttyfile, int terminalfd)
 /*
 * Initialise the terminal for cursor positioning.
 */
-void pv_crs_init(pvstate_t state)
+void pv_crs_init(pvcursorstate_t cursor, readonly_pvcontrol_t control, pvtransientflags_t flags)
 {
 	char *ttyfile;
 	int terminalfd;

-	state->cursor.lock_fd = -2;
-	state->cursor.lock_file[0] = '\0';
+	cursor->lock_fd = -2;
+	if (NULL != cursor->lock_file) {
+		free(cursor->lock_file);
+		cursor->lock_file = NULL;
+	}

-	if (!state->control.cursor)
+	if ((!control->cursor) || (cursor->disable))
 		return;

 	debug("%s", "init");
@@ -383,64 +426,76 @@ void pv_crs_init(pvstate_t state)
 	ttyfile = ttyname(STDERR_FILENO);
 	if (NULL == ttyfile) {
 		debug("%s: %s", "disabling cursor positioning because ttyname failed", strerror(errno));
-		state->control.cursor = false;
+		cursor->disable = true;
 		return;
 	}

 	terminalfd = open(ttyfile, O_RDWR); /* flawfinder: ignore */

 	/*
-	 * flawfinder rationale: the file we open won't be truncated but
-	 * could be corrupted by writes attempting to get the current Y
-	 * position; but we get the filename from ttyname() and it could be
-	 * a symbolic link, so we can't do much more than trust it.
+	 * flawfinder rationale: the file won't be truncated but could be
+	 * corrupted by writes attempting to get the current Y position; but
+	 * the filename is from ttyname() and it could be a symbolic link,
+	 * so O_NOFOLLOW isn't feasible and it has to be trusted as-is.
 	 */

 	if (terminalfd < 0) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s: %s: %s", _("failed to open terminal"), ttyfile, strerror(errno));
-		state->control.cursor = false;
+		pv_perror("%s", ttyfile);
+		cursor->disable = true;
 		return;
 	}
 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
-	if (pv_crs_ipcinit(state, ttyfile, terminalfd) != 0) {
+	if (pv_crs_ipcinit(cursor, control, ttyfile, terminalfd) != 0) {
 		debug("%s", "ipcinit failed, setting noipc flag");
-		state->cursor.noipc = true;
+		cursor->noipc = true;
 	}

 	/*
-	 * If we have already set the terminal TOSTOP attribute, set the
-	 * flag in shared memory to let the other instances know.
+	 * If the terminal TOSTOP attribute was already set by this process,
+	 * set the flag in shared memory to let the other instances know.
 	 */
-	if ((!state->cursor.noipc) && (1 == state->flag.clear_tty_tostop_on_exit) && (NULL != state->cursor.shared)) {
+	if ((!cursor->noipc) && (1 == flags->clear_tty_tostop_on_exit) && (NULL != cursor->shared)) {
 		debug("%s", "propagating local clear_tty_tostop_on_exit true value to shared tty_tostop_added flag");
-		state->cursor.shared->tty_tostop_added = true;
+		cursor->shared->tty_tostop_added = true;
 	}

+#ifdef ECHOCTL
 	/*
-	 * If we are not using IPC, then we need to get the current Y
-	 * co-ordinate. If we are using IPC, then the pv_crs_ipcinit()
-	 * function takes care of this in a more multi-process-friendly way.
+	 * If the terminal ECHOCTL attribute was already cleared by this
+	 * process, set the flag in shared memory to let the other instances
+	 * know.
 	 */
-	if (state->cursor.noipc) {
+	if ((!cursor->noipc) && (1 == flags->set_tty_echoctl_on_exit) && (NULL != cursor->shared)) {
+		debug("%s", "propagating local set_tty_echoctl_on_exit true value to shared tty_echoctl_cleared flag");
+		cursor->shared->tty_echoctl_cleared = true;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * If IPC is not being used, the current Y needs to be determined.
+	 * If IPC is being used, then the pv_crs_ipcinit() function takes
+	 * care of this in a more multi-process-friendly way.
+	 */
+	if (cursor->noipc) {
 #else				/* ! HAVE_IPC */
 	if (1) {
 #endif				/* HAVE_IPC */
 		/*
 		 * Get current cursor position + 1.
 		 */
-		pv_crs_lock(state, terminalfd);
-		state->cursor.y_start = pv_crs_get_ypos(terminalfd);
+		pv_crs_lock(cursor, control, terminalfd);
+		cursor->y_start = pv_crs_get_ypos(terminalfd);
 		/*
 		 * Move down a line while the terminal is locked, so that
 		 * other processes in the pipeline will get a different
 		 * initial ypos.
 		 */
-		if (state->cursor.y_start > 0)
-			pv_tty_write(state, "\n", 1);
-		pv_crs_unlock(state, terminalfd);
+		if (cursor->y_start > 0)
+			pv_tty_write(flags, "\n", 1);
+		pv_crs_unlock(cursor, terminalfd);

-		if (state->cursor.y_start < 1)
-			state->control.cursor = 0;
+		if (cursor->y_start < 1)
+			cursor->disable = true;
 	}

 	(void) close(terminalfd);
@@ -449,52 +504,52 @@ void pv_crs_init(pvstate_t state)

 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
 /*
- * Set the "we need to reinitialise cursor positioning" flag.
+ * Set the "need to reinitialise cursor positioning" flag.
 */
-void pv_crs_needreinit(pvstate_t state)
+void pv_crs_needreinit(pvcursorstate_t cursor)
 {
-	state->cursor.needreinit += 2;
-	if (state->cursor.needreinit > 3)
-		state->cursor.needreinit = 3;
+	cursor->needreinit += 2;
+	if (cursor->needreinit > 3)
+		cursor->needreinit = 3;
 }
 #endif


 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
 /*
- * Reinitialise the cursor positioning code (called if we are backgrounded
- * then foregrounded again).
+ * Reinitialise the cursor positioning code (called if the process is
+ * backgrounded then foregrounded again).
 */
-static void pv_crs_reinit(pvstate_t state)
+static void pv_crs_reinit(pvcursorstate_t cursor, readonly_pvcontrol_t control, pvtransientflags_t flags)
 {
 	debug("%s", "reinit");

-	if (1 == state->flag.suspend_stderr) {
+	if (1 == flags->suspend_stderr) {
 		debug("%s", "reinit abandoned - stderr is suspended");
 		return;
 	}

-	pv_crs_lock(state, STDERR_FILENO);
+	pv_crs_lock(cursor, control, STDERR_FILENO);

-	state->cursor.needreinit--;
-	if (state->cursor.y_offset < 1)
-		state->cursor.needreinit = 0;
+	cursor->needreinit--;
+	if (cursor->y_offset < 1)
+		cursor->needreinit = 0;

-	if (state->cursor.needreinit > 0) {
-		pv_crs_unlock(state, STDERR_FILENO);
+	if (cursor->needreinit > 0) {
+		pv_crs_unlock(cursor, STDERR_FILENO);
 		return;
 	}

 	debug("%s", "reinit full");

-	state->cursor.y_start = pv_crs_get_ypos(STDERR_FILENO);
+	cursor->y_start = pv_crs_get_ypos(STDERR_FILENO);

-	if ((state->cursor.y_offset < 1) && (NULL != state->cursor.shared)) {
-		state->cursor.shared->y_topmost = state->cursor.y_start;
+	if ((cursor->y_offset < 1) && (NULL != cursor->shared)) {
+		cursor->shared->y_topmost = cursor->y_start;
 	}
-	state->cursor.y_lastread = state->cursor.y_start;
+	cursor->y_lastread = cursor->y_start;

-	pv_crs_unlock(state, STDERR_FILENO);
+	pv_crs_unlock(cursor, STDERR_FILENO);
 }
 #endif

@@ -503,16 +558,21 @@ static void pv_crs_reinit(pvstate_t state)
 * Output a single-line update (\0-terminated), using the ECMA-48 CSI "CUP"
 * sequence to move the cursor to the correct position to do so.
 */
-void pv_crs_update(pvstate_t state, const char *output_line)
+void pv_crs_update(pvcursorstate_t cursor, readonly_pvcontrol_t control, pvtransientflags_t flags,
+		   const char *output_line)
 {
 	char cup_cmd[32];		 /* flawfinder: ignore */
 	size_t cup_cmd_length, output_line_length;
 	int y;

+	/* Early return if cursor positioning was disabled. */
+	if (cursor->disable)
+		return;
+
 	/*
 	 * flawfinder rationale: the "cup_cmd" buffer is always zeroed
 	 * before each use, and is only written to by pv_snprintf() bounded
-	 * by its size; also, that function explictly zero-terminates the
+	 * by its size; also, that function explicitly zero-terminates the
 	 * string it writes.  The write() call is also bounded.
 	 */

@@ -520,72 +580,72 @@ void pv_crs_update(pvstate_t state, const char *output_line)
 	/* flawfinder - output_line is explictly expected to be \0-terminated. */

 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
-	if (!state->cursor.noipc) {
-		if (state->cursor.needreinit > 0)
-			pv_crs_reinit(state);
+	if (!cursor->noipc) {
+		if (cursor->needreinit > 0)
+			pv_crs_reinit(cursor, control, flags);

-		pv_crs_ipccount(state);
-		if (NULL != state->cursor.shared) {
-			if (state->cursor.y_lastread != state->cursor.shared->y_topmost) {
-				state->cursor.y_start = state->cursor.shared->y_topmost;
-				state->cursor.y_lastread = state->cursor.y_start;
+		pv_crs_ipccount(cursor);
+		if (NULL != cursor->shared) {
+			if (cursor->y_lastread != cursor->shared->y_topmost) {
+				cursor->y_start = cursor->shared->y_topmost;
+				cursor->y_lastread = cursor->y_start;
 			}
 		}

-		if (state->cursor.needreinit > 0)
+		if (cursor->needreinit > 0)
 			return;
 	}
 #endif				/* HAVE_IPC */

-	y = state->cursor.y_start;
+	y = cursor->y_start;

 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
 	/*
 	 * If the screen has scrolled, or is about to scroll, due to
 	 * multiple `pv' instances taking us near the bottom of the screen,
-	 * scroll the screen (only if we're the first `pv'), and then move
-	 * our initial Y co-ordinate up.
+	 * scroll the screen (only if this is the first `pv'), and then move
+	 * the initial Y co-ordinate up.
 	 */
-	if (((state->cursor.y_start + state->cursor.pvmax) > (int) (state->control.height))
-	    && (!state->cursor.noipc)
+	if (((cursor->y_start + cursor->pvmax) > (int) (control->height))
+	    && (!cursor->noipc)
 	    ) {
 		int offs;

-		offs = ((state->cursor.y_start + state->cursor.pvmax) - state->control.height);
+		offs = ((cursor->y_start + cursor->pvmax) - control->height);

-		state->cursor.y_start -= offs;
-		if (state->cursor.y_start < 1)
-			state->cursor.y_start = 1;
+		cursor->y_start -= offs;
+		if (cursor->y_start < 1)
+			cursor->y_start = 1;

 		debug("%s: %d", "scroll offset", offs);

 		/*
-		 * Scroll the screen if we're the first `pv'.
+		 * Scroll the screen if this is the first `pv'.
 		 */
-		if (0 == state->cursor.y_offset) {
-			pv_crs_lock(state, STDERR_FILENO);
+		if (0 == cursor->y_offset) {
+			pv_crs_lock(cursor, control, STDERR_FILENO);

 			memset(cup_cmd, 0, sizeof(cup_cmd));
-			(void) pv_snprintf(cup_cmd, sizeof(cup_cmd), "\033[%u;1H", state->control.height);
+			(void) pv_snprintf(cup_cmd, sizeof(cup_cmd), "\033[%u;1H", control->height);
 			cup_cmd_length = strlen(cup_cmd);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-			pv_tty_write(state, cup_cmd, cup_cmd_length);
+			pv_tty_write(flags, cup_cmd, cup_cmd_length);
 			for (; offs > 0; offs--) {
-				pv_tty_write(state, "\n", 1);
+				pv_tty_write(flags, "\n", 1);
 			}

-			pv_crs_unlock(state, STDERR_FILENO);
+			pv_crs_unlock(cursor, STDERR_FILENO);

 			debug("%s", "we are the first - scrolled screen");
 		}
 	}

-	if (!state->cursor.noipc)
-		y = state->cursor.y_start + state->cursor.y_offset;
+	if (!cursor->noipc)
+		y = cursor->y_start + cursor->y_offset;
 #endif				/* HAVE_IPC */

 	/*
-	 * Keep the Y co-ordinate within sensible bounds, so we can never
-	 * overflow the "cup_cmd" buffer.
+	 * Clamp the Y co-ordinate to sensible bounds, to avoid overflowing
+	 * the "cup_cmd" buffer.
 	 */
 	if ((y < 1) || (y > 999999))
 		y = 1;
@@ -601,39 +661,39 @@ void pv_crs_update(pvstate_t state, const char *output_line)
 	 * pv_snprintf() fails to run the string will be of zero length.
 	 */

-	pv_crs_lock(state, STDERR_FILENO);
+	pv_crs_lock(cursor, control, STDERR_FILENO);

-	pv_tty_write(state, cup_cmd, cup_cmd_length);
-	pv_tty_write(state, output_line, output_line_length);
+	pv_tty_write(flags, cup_cmd, cup_cmd_length);
+	pv_tty_write(flags, output_line, output_line_length);

-	pv_crs_unlock(state, STDERR_FILENO);
+	pv_crs_unlock(cursor, STDERR_FILENO);
 }


 /*
 * Reposition the cursor to a final position.
 */
-void pv_crs_fini(pvstate_t state)
+void pv_crs_fini(pvcursorstate_t cursor, readonly_pvcontrol_t control, pvtransientflags_t flags)
 {
 	char cup_cmd[32];		 /* flawfinder: ignore */
 	unsigned int y;

-	/* flawfinder - "cup_cmd" is zeroed, and only written by pv_snprintf() */
+	/* flawfinder - "cup_cmd" is zeroed, and only written by pv_snprintf(). */

 	debug("%s", "fini");

-	y = (unsigned int) (state->cursor.y_start);
+	y = (unsigned int) (cursor->y_start);

 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
-	if ((state->cursor.pvmax > 0) && (!state->cursor.noipc))
-		y += state->cursor.pvmax - 1;
+	if ((cursor->pvmax > 0) && (!cursor->noipc))
+		y += cursor->pvmax - 1;
 #endif				/* HAVE_IPC */

-	if (y > state->control.height)
-		y = state->control.height;
+	if (y > control->height)
+		y = control->height;

 	/*
-	 * Absolute bounds check.
+	 * Clamp to reasonable values.
 	 */
 	if ((y < 1) || (y > 999999))
 		y = 1;
@@ -641,51 +701,95 @@ void pv_crs_fini(pvstate_t state)
 	memset(cup_cmd, 0, sizeof(cup_cmd));
 	(void) pv_snprintf(cup_cmd, sizeof(cup_cmd), "\033[%u;1H\n", y);

-	pv_crs_lock(state, STDERR_FILENO);
+	pv_crs_lock(cursor, control, STDERR_FILENO);

-	pv_tty_write(state, cup_cmd, strlen(cup_cmd));	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+	if (!cursor->disable) {
+		pv_tty_write(flags, cup_cmd, strlen(cup_cmd));	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+	}
 	/* flawfinder - pv_snprintf() always \0-terminates (see above). */

 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
 	/*
 	 * If any other "pv -c" instances have set the terminal TOSTOP
-	 * attribute, set our local flag so pv_sig_fini() will know about
+	 * attribute, set the local flag so pv_sig_fini() will know about
 	 * it.
 	 */
-	if ((!state->cursor.noipc) && (NULL != state->cursor.shared) && state->cursor.shared->tty_tostop_added) {
-		if (0 == state->flag.clear_tty_tostop_on_exit) {
+	if ((!cursor->noipc) && (NULL != cursor->shared) && cursor->shared->tty_tostop_added) {
+		if (0 == flags->clear_tty_tostop_on_exit) {
 			debug("%s",
 			      "propagating shared tty_tostop_added true value to local clear_tty_tostop_on_exit flag");
-			state->flag.clear_tty_tostop_on_exit = 1;
+			flags->clear_tty_tostop_on_exit = 1;
 		}
 	}

-	pv_crs_ipccount(state);
-	if (NULL != state->cursor.shared) {
-		(void) shmdt(state->cursor.shared);
+#ifdef ECHOCTL
+	/*
+	 * If any other "pv -c" instances have cleared the terminal ECHOCTL
+	 * attribute, set the local flag so pv_sig_fini() will know about
+	 * it.
+	 */
+	if ((!cursor->noipc) && (NULL != cursor->shared) && cursor->shared->tty_echoctl_cleared) {
+		if (0 == flags->set_tty_echoctl_on_exit) {
+			debug("%s",
+			      "propagating shared tty_echoctl_cleared true value to local set_tty_echoctl_on_exit flag");
+			flags->set_tty_echoctl_on_exit = 1;
+		}
 	}
-	state->cursor.shared = NULL;
+#endif				/* ECHOCTL */
+
+	pv_crs_ipccount(cursor);
+	if (NULL != cursor->shared) {
+		(void) shmdt(cursor->shared);
+	}
+	cursor->shared = NULL;

 	/*
-	 * If we are the last instance detaching from the shared memory,
+	 * If this is the last instance detaching from the shared memory,
 	 * delete it so it's not left lying around.
 	 */
-	if (state->cursor.pvcount < 2) {
+	if (cursor->pvcount < 2) {
 		struct shmid_ds shm_buf;
 		memset(&shm_buf, 0, sizeof(shm_buf));
-		(void) shmctl(state->cursor.shmid, IPC_RMID, &shm_buf);
+		(void) shmctl(cursor->shmid, IPC_RMID, &shm_buf);
 	}

 #endif				/* HAVE_IPC */

-	pv_crs_unlock(state, STDERR_FILENO);
+	pv_crs_unlock(cursor, STDERR_FILENO);

-	if (state->cursor.lock_fd >= 0) {
-		(void) close(state->cursor.lock_fd);
+	if (cursor->lock_fd >= 0) {
+		(void) close(cursor->lock_fd);
 		/*
-		 * We can get away with removing this on exit because all
-		 * the other PVs will be finishing at the same sort of time.
+		 * Since all PVs in a pipeline are likely to finish around
+		 * the same time, the lock file can be removed without
+		 * further co-ordination.
 		 */
-		(void) remove(state->cursor.lock_file);
+		if (NULL != cursor->lock_file) {
+			(void) remove(cursor->lock_file);
+			free(cursor->lock_file);
+			cursor->lock_file = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Report a signal interrupt, unless the flag allowing it has been cleared
+ * due to another instance already taking responsibility.
+ */
+void pv_report_signal_interrupt(int signum)
+{
+	if (pv__allow_signal_interrupt_reporting) {
+		char *signal_name = NULL;
+#ifdef HAVE_STRSIGNAL
+		/*@-unrecog @ *//* splint doesn't know strsignal(). */
+		signal_name = strsignal(signum);
+		/*@+unrecog @ */
+#endif
+		if (NULL != signal_name) {
+			pv_error("%s: %s", _("interrupted by a signal"), signal_name);
+		} else {
+			pv_error("%s", _("interrupted by a signal"));
+		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Display functions.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include <limits.h>

 #ifdef HAVE_TERMIOS_H
 #include <termios.h>
@@ -28,38 +29,68 @@
 #endif
 #endif

+#if HAVE_MATH_H
+#include <math.h>
+#endif
+
 /*
- * If USE_POPEN_TPUTS is defined, then we call popen("tputs") if ncurses is
- * unavailable, when we need to know whether colours are supported.
+ * If ncurses is unavailable, and USE_POPEN_TPUTS is defined, then
+ * popen("tputs") if used to find out whether colours are supported.
 *
- * Since popen() is risky to call (in case $PATH has been altered), it is
- * safer to just assume colour is available if we can't check, so
- * USE_POPEN_TPUTS is undefined here by default.
+ * Calling popen() can be risky (in case $PATH has been altered), so the
+ * safer option when ncurses is unavailable is to just always assume colour
+ * is available - so USE_POPEN_TPUTS is undefined here by default.
 */
 #undef USE_POPEN_TPUTS


 /*
- * We need sys/ioctl.h for ioctl() regardless of whether TIOCGWINSZ is
- * defined in termios.h, so we no longer use AC_HEADER_TIOCGWINSZ in
- * configure.in, and just include both header files if they are available.
- * (GH#74, 2023-08-06)
+ * Include sys/ioctl.h for ioctl() regardless of whether TIOCGWINSZ is
+ * defined in termios.h, so rather than using AC_HEADER_TIOCGWINSZ in
+ * configure.in, always include both header files if they are available.
+ * (issue #74, 2023-08-06)
 */
 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #endif

 /*
- * Output an error message.  If we've displayed anything to the terminal
- * already, then put a newline before our error so we don't write over what
- * we've written.
+ * The error prefix for messages (the program name); and whether any output
+ * has been displayed yet, indicating whether any errors must be preceded by
+ * a newline.
 */
-void pv_error(pvstate_t state, char *format, ...)
+/*@only@ */ static /*@null@ */ char *pv__error_prefix = NULL;
+static bool pv__output_produced = false;
+
+
+/*
+ * Set the error message prefix.  If the new prefix is NULL, the current
+ * prefix is cleared.
+ */
+void pv_set_error_prefix( /*@null@ */ const char *prefix)
+{
+	if (NULL != pv__error_prefix) {
+		free(pv__error_prefix);
+		pv__error_prefix = NULL;
+	}
+	if (NULL == prefix)
+		return;
+	pv__error_prefix = pv_strdup(prefix);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Output an error message.  If anything has been sent to the terminal
+ * already, then put a newline before the message, to avoid writing over
+ * what was sent earlier.
+ */
+void pv_error(char *format, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
-	if (state->display.display_visible)
+	if (pv__output_produced)
 		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", state->status.program_name);
+	if (NULL != pv__error_prefix)
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", pv__error_prefix);
 	va_start(ap, format);
 	(void) vfprintf(stderr, format, ap);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 	va_end(ap);
@@ -72,8 +103,35 @@ void pv_error(pvstate_t state, char *format, ...)


 /*
- * Return true if we are the foreground process on the terminal, or if we
- * aren't outputting to a terminal; false otherwise.
+ * Output an error message, like pv_error(), but following the message with
+ * a colon, a space, and the result of strerror(errno).
+ */
+void pv_perror(char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	int orig_errno;
+
+	orig_errno = errno;
+
+	if (pv__output_produced)
+		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	if (NULL != pv__error_prefix)
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", pv__error_prefix);
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	(void) vfprintf(stderr, format, ap);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	fprintf(stderr, ": %s\n", strerror(orig_errno));
+	/*
+	 * flawfinder: this function relies on callers always having a
+	 * static format string, not directly subject to outside influences.
+	 */
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Return true if either this is the foreground process on the terminal, or
+ * if the output is not a terminal; false otherwise.
 */
 bool pv_in_foreground(void)
 {
@@ -85,10 +143,8 @@ bool pv_in_foreground(void)
 		return true;
 	}

-	/*@-type@ *//* __pid_t vs pid_t, not significant */
-	our_process_group = getpgrp();
-	tty_process_group = tcgetpgrp(STDERR_FILENO);
-	/*@+type@ */
+	our_process_group = (pid_t) getpgrp();
+	tty_process_group = (pid_t) tcgetpgrp(STDERR_FILENO);

 	if (tty_process_group == -1 && errno == ENOTTY) {
 		debug("true: %s", "tty_process_group is -1, errno is ENOTTY");
@@ -111,8 +167,8 @@ bool pv_in_foreground(void)


 /*
- * Write the given buffer to the given file descriptor, retrying until all
- * bytes have been written or an error has occurred.
+ * Write a buffer to a file descriptor, retrying until all bytes have been
+ * written or an error has occurred.
 */
 void pv_write_retry(int fd, const char *buf, size_t count)
 {
@@ -137,12 +193,12 @@ void pv_write_retry(int fd, const char *buf, size_t count)


 /*
- * Write the given buffer to the terminal, like pv_write_retry(), unless
- * stderr is suspended.
+ * Write a buffer to the terminal, like pv_write_retry(), unless stderr is
+ * suspended.
 */
-void pv_tty_write(pvstate_t state, const char *buf, size_t count)
+void pv_tty_write(readonly_pvtransientflags_t flags, const char *buf, size_t count)
 {
-	while (0 == state->flag.suspend_stderr && count > 0) {
+	while (0 == flags->suspend_stderr && count > 0) {
 		ssize_t nwritten;

 		nwritten = write(STDERR_FILENO, buf, count);
@@ -163,8 +219,7 @@ void pv_tty_write(pvstate_t state, const char *buf, size_t count)


 /*
- * Fill in *width and *height with the current terminal size,
- * if possible.
+ * Fill in *width and *height with the current terminal size, if possible.
 */
 void pv_screensize(unsigned int *width, unsigned int *height)
 {
@@ -183,16 +238,6 @@ void pv_screensize(unsigned int *width, unsigned int *height)
 }


-/*
- * Return the original value x so that it has been clamped between
- * [min..max]
- */
-long pv_bound_long(long x, long min, long max)
-{
-	return x < min ? min : x > max ? max : x;
-}
-
-
 /*
 * Given how many bytes have been transferred, the total byte count to
 * transfer, and the current average transfer rate, return the estimated
@@ -207,13 +252,30 @@ long pv_seconds_remaining(const off_t so_far, const off_t total, const long doub

 	amount_left = (long double) (total - so_far) / rate;

+	/* Clamp the amount to a value that fits inside a long integer. */
+#ifdef LONG_MAX
+	if (amount_left > (long double) LONG_MAX)
+		amount_left = (long double) LONG_MAX;
+#endif
+#ifdef LONG_MIN
+	if (amount_left < (long double) LONG_MIN)
+		amount_left = (long double) LONG_MIN;
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_LROUNDL
+	/*@-unrecog@ */
+	return lroundl(amount_left);
+	/*@+unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't know of lroundl(). */
+#else
 	return (long) amount_left;
+#endif
 }

 /*
- * Given a long double value, it is divided or multiplied by the ratio until
- * a value in the range 1.0 to 999.999... is found.  The string "prefix" to
- * is updated to the corresponding SI prefix.
+ * Given a pointer to long double value, divide or multiply it by the ratio
+ * (1000 or 1024) until it reaches the range 1.0 to 999.999.  The string
+ * "prefix" is updated to the corresponding SI prefix, and *value is
+ * modified.
 *
 * If the count type is PV_TRANSFERCOUNT_BYTES, then the second byte of
 * "prefix" is set to "i" to denote MiB etc (IEEE1541).  Thus "prefix"
@@ -225,9 +287,9 @@ void pv_si_prefix(long double *value, char *prefix, const long double ratio, pvt
 	static char *pfx_024 = NULL;	 /* kibi, mibi, etc */
 	static char const *pfx_middle_000 = NULL;
 	static char const *pfx_middle_024 = NULL;
-	char *pfx;
-	char const *pfx_middle;
-	char const *pfx_ptr;
+	const char *pfx;
+	const char *pfx_middle;
+	const char *pfx_ptr;
 	long double cutoff;

 	prefix[0] = ' ';		    /* Make the prefix start blank. */
@@ -289,11 +351,11 @@ void pv_si_prefix(long double *value, char *prefix, const long double ratio, pvt

 	/*
 	 * Force an empty prefix if the value is almost zero, to avoid
-	 * "0yB".  NB we don't compare directly with zero because of
-	 * potential floating-point inaccuracies.
+	 * "0yB".  Don't compare directly with zero because of potential
+	 * floating-point inaccuracies.
 	 *
-	 * See the "count_type" check below for the reason we add another
-	 * space in bytes mode.
+	 * See the "count_type" check below for the rationale behind adding
+	 * another space in bytes mode.
 	 */
 	if ((*value > -0.00000001) && (*value < 0.00000001)) {
 		if (count_type == PV_TRANSFERCOUNT_BYTES) {
@@ -376,9 +438,9 @@ void pv_si_prefix(long double *value, char *prefix, const long double ratio, pvt
 * is 1024 instead of 1000.
 *
 * The "format" string is in sprintf format and must contain exactly one %
- * parameter (a %s) which will expand to the string described above.
+ * parameter, a %s, which will expand to the string described above.
 */
-void pv_describe_amount(char *buffer, size_t bufsize, char *format,
+void pv_describe_amount(char *buffer, size_t bufsize, const char *format,
 			long double amount, char *suffix_basic, char *suffix_bytes, pvtransfercount_t count_type)
 {
 	char sizestr_buffer[256];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
@@ -415,7 +477,7 @@ void pv_describe_amount(char *buffer, size_t bufsize, char *format,

 	pv_si_prefix(&display_amount, si_prefix, divider, count_type);

-	/* Make sure we don't overrun our buffer. */
+	/* Clamp the value to avoid a buffer overrun. */
 	if (display_amount > 100000)
 		display_amount = 100000;
 	if (display_amount < -100000)
@@ -427,12 +489,12 @@ void pv_describe_amount(char *buffer, size_t bufsize, char *format,
 				   "%4ld%.2s%.16s", (long) display_amount, si_prefix, suffix);
 	} else {
 		/*
-		 * AIX blows up with %4.3Lg%.2s%.16s for some reason, so we
-		 * write display_amount separately first.
+		 * AIX breaks with %4.3Lg%.2s%.16s for some reason, so
+		 * instead, display_amount is written separately first.
 		 */
 		char str_disp[64];	 /* flawfinder: ignore - only used with pv_snprintf(). */
 		memset(str_disp, 0, sizeof(str_disp));
-		/* # to get 13.0GB instead of 13GB (#1477) */
+		/* Use '#' to get 13.0GB instead of 13GB for consistency (#1477). */
 		(void) pv_snprintf(str_disp, sizeof(str_disp), "%#4.3Lg", display_amount);
 		(void) pv_snprintf(sizestr_buffer, sizeof(sizestr_buffer), "%s%.2s%.16s", str_disp, si_prefix, suffix);
 	}
@@ -442,9 +504,10 @@ void pv_describe_amount(char *buffer, size_t bufsize, char *format,


 /*
- * Add a null-terminated string to the buffer if there is room for it,
- * updating the segment's offset and bytes values and returning the bytes
- * value, or treating the byte count as zero if there's insufficient space.
+ * Add a null-terminated string of content to the formatter's buffer if
+ * there is room for it, updating the segment's offset and bytes values and
+ * returning the bytes value, or treating the byte count as zero if there's
+ * insufficient space.
 */
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_segmentcontent(char *content, pvformatter_args_t formatter_info)
 {
@@ -480,6 +543,7 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_segmentcontent(char *content, pvformatter_arg
 		{ "{progress}", &pv_formatter_progress, true },
 		{ "{progress-amount-only}", &pv_formatter_progress_amount_only, false },
 		{ "{progress-bar-only}", &pv_formatter_bar_default, true },
+		{ "{progress-conemu}", &pv_formatter_progress_conemu, false },
 		{ "{bar-plain}", &pv_formatter_bar_plain, true },
 		{ "{bar-block}", &pv_formatter_bar_block, true },
 		{ "{bar-granular}", &pv_formatter_bar_granular, true },
@@ -497,6 +561,7 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_segmentcontent(char *content, pvformatter_arg
 		{ "b", &pv_formatter_bytes, false },
 		{ "{bytes}", &pv_formatter_bytes, false },
 		{ "{transferred}", &pv_formatter_bytes, false },
+		{ "{ratio}", &pv_formatter_ratio, false },
 		{ "T", &pv_formatter_buffer_percent, false },
 		{ "{buffer-percent}", &pv_formatter_buffer_percent, false },
 		{ "A", &pv_formatter_last_written, false },
@@ -553,15 +618,26 @@ char *pv_format_sequences(void)

 /*
 * Initialise the output format structure, based on the current options.
+ *
+ * May update status->checked_colour_support and
+ * status->terminal_supports_colour.
 */
-static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdisplay_t display)
+static void pv__format_init(pvprogramstatus_t status, readonly_pvcontrol_t control, readonly_pvtransferstate_t transfer,
+			    readonly_pvtransfercalc_t calc,
+			    /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdisplay_t display)
 {
 	struct pvdisplay_component_s *format_component_array;
 	const char *display_format;
 	size_t strpos;
 	size_t segment;

-	if (NULL == state)
+	if (NULL == status)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == control)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == transfer)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == calc)
 		return;
 	if (NULL == display)
 		return;
@@ -573,19 +649,20 @@ static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supp

 	display->showing_timer = false;
 	display->showing_bytes = false;
+	display->showing_ratio = false;
 	display->showing_rate = false;
 	display->showing_last_written = false;
 	display->showing_previous_line = false;
 	display->format_uses_colour = false;

-	display_format = NULL == format_supplied ? state->control.default_format : format_supplied;
+	display_format = NULL == format_supplied ? control->default_format : format_supplied;

 	if (NULL == display_format)
 		return;

 	/*
 	 * Split the format string into static strings and calculated
-	 * components - a calculated component is is what replaces a
+	 * components - a calculated component is what replaces a
 	 * placeholder sequence like "%b".
 	 *
 	 * A "static string" is part of the original format string that is
@@ -600,8 +677,8 @@ static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supp
 	 * first populating all the other components referenced by the
 	 * format segments.
 	 *
-	 * Then, that function generates the output string by sticking all
-	 * of these segments together.
+	 * Then, that function generates the output string by concatenating
+	 * all of these segments.
 	 */
 	segment = 0;
 	for (strpos = 0; display_format[strpos] != '\0' && segment < PV_FORMAT_ARRAY_MAX; strpos++, segment++) {
@@ -664,7 +741,7 @@ static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supp
 			component_type = -1;
 			for (component_idx = 0; NULL != format_component_array[component_idx].match; component_idx++) {
 				size_t component_sequence_length = strlen(format_component_array[component_idx].match);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-				char *component_colon_pointer =
+				const char *component_colon_pointer =
 				    strchr(format_component_array[component_idx].match, (int) ':');

 				/* flawfinder - static strings, guaranteed null-terminated. */
@@ -770,18 +847,21 @@ static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supp
 			 * buffer, to invoke its side effects such as
 			 * setting display->showing_timer.
 			 *
-			 * These side effects are required for other parts
-			 * of the program to understand what is required,
-			 * such as the transfer functions knowning to track
-			 * the previous line, or numeric mode knowing which
+			 * These side effects are used by other parts of the
+			 * program to understand what is required, such as
+			 * the transfer functions knowing to track the
+			 * previous line, or numeric mode knowing which
 			 * additional display options are enabled.
 			 */
 			memset(&formatter_info, 0, sizeof(formatter_info));
 			dummy_buffer[0] = '\0';

-			formatter_info.state = state;
 			formatter_info.display = display;
 			formatter_info.segment = &(display->format[segment]);
+			formatter_info.status = status;
+			formatter_info.control = control;
+			formatter_info.transfer = transfer;
+			formatter_info.calc = calc;
 			formatter_info.buffer = dummy_buffer;
 			formatter_info.buffer_size = 0;
 			formatter_info.offset = 0;
@@ -790,8 +870,8 @@ static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supp
 			(void) format_component_array[component_type].function(&formatter_info);
 			/*@+compmempass@ */
 			/*
-			 * splint - the buffer we point formatter_info to is
-			 * on the stack so doesn't match the "dependent"
+			 * splint - the formatter_info's buffer is on the
+			 * stack so doesn't match the "dependent"
 			 * annotation, but there's no other appropriate
 			 * annotation that doesn't make splint think there's
 			 * a leak here.
@@ -801,16 +881,16 @@ static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supp
 		display->format_segment_count++;
 	}

-	if (display->format_uses_colour && !state->control.checked_colour_support) {
-		state->control.checked_colour_support = true;
+	if (display->format_uses_colour && !status->checked_colour_support) {
+		status->checked_colour_support = true;
 #ifdef ENABLE_NCURSES
 		/*
-		 * If we have terminal info support, check whether the
-		 * current terminal supports colour - or just assume it's
-		 * supported if we're forcing output.
+		 * With terminal info support, check whether the current
+		 * terminal supports colour - or just assume it's supported,
+		 * if --force was supplied.
 		 */
-		if (true == state->control.force) {
-			state->control.can_display_colour = true;
+		if (true == control->force) {
+			status->terminal_supports_colour = true;
 			debug("%s", "force mode - assuming terminal supports colour");
 		} else {
 			char *term_env = NULL;
@@ -820,22 +900,22 @@ static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supp
 			 * flawfinder - here we pass responsibility to the
 			 * ncurses library to behave OK with $TERM.
 			 */
-			state->control.can_display_colour = false;
+			status->terminal_supports_colour = false;
 			if (NULL != term_env) {
 				int setup_err = 0;

 				if ((0 == setupterm(term_env, STDERR_FILENO, &setup_err))
 				    && (tigetnum("colors") > 1)
 				    ) {
-					state->control.can_display_colour = true;
+					status->terminal_supports_colour = true;
 					debug("%s: %s", term_env, "terminal supports colour");
 				} else {
-					state->control.can_display_colour = false;
+					status->terminal_supports_colour = false;
 					debug("%s: %s", term_env, "terminal does not support colour");
 				}
 			} else {
 				/* If TERM is unset, disable colour. */
-				state->control.can_display_colour = false;
+				status->terminal_supports_colour = false;
 				debug("%s", "no TERM variable - disabling colour support");
 			}
 		}
@@ -846,8 +926,8 @@ static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supp
 		 * to determine whether colour is available, unless --force
 		 * was supplied, in which case colour support is assumed.
 		 */
-		if (true == state->control.force) {
-			state->control.can_display_colour = true;
+		if (true == control->force) {
+			status->terminal_supports_colour = true;
 			debug("%s", "force mode - assuming terminal supports colour");
 		} else {
 			FILE *command_fptr;
@@ -857,27 +937,27 @@ static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supp
 			/*@+unrecog@ */

 			/*
-			 * flawfinder - we acknowledge that popen() is risky
-			 * to call, though we have the mitigation that we're
-			 * calling it with a static string.
+			 * flawfinder - warns that popen() is risky to call,
+			 * though this is mitigated by calling it with a
+			 * static string.
 			 */

 			if (NULL == command_fptr) {
-				state->control.can_display_colour = false;
+				status->terminal_supports_colour = false;
 				debug("%s (%s)", "popen failed - disabling colour support", strerror(errno));
 			} else {
 				int colour_count;
 				if (1 == fscanf(command_fptr, "%d", &colour_count)) {
 					if (colour_count > 1) {
-						state->control.can_display_colour = true;
+						status->terminal_supports_colour = true;
 						debug("%s (%d)", "terminal supports colour", colour_count);
 					} else {
-						state->control.can_display_colour = false;
+						status->terminal_supports_colour = false;
 						debug("%s (%d)",
 						      "fewer than 2 colours available - disabling colour support");
 					}
 				} else {
-					state->control.can_display_colour = false;
+					status->terminal_supports_colour = false;
 					debug("%s", "tput did not produce a number - disabling colour support");
 				}
 				/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't know pclose(). */
@@ -890,7 +970,7 @@ static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supp
 		 * Without terminal info support, just assume colour is
 		 * available.
 		 */
-		state->control.can_display_colour = true;
+		status->terminal_supports_colour = true;
 		debug("%s", "terminal info support not compiled in - assuming colour support");
 #endif				/* (! ENABLE_NCURSES) && (! USE_POPEN_TPUTS) */
 #endif				/* ! ENABLE_NCURSES */
@@ -900,7 +980,7 @@ static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supp

 /*
 * Update display->display_buffer with status information formatted
- * according to the state held within the given structure.
+ * according to the state held within the given structures.
 *
 * If "reinitialise" is true, the format string is reparsed first.  This
 * should be true for the first call, and true whenever the format is
@@ -909,14 +989,22 @@ static void pv__format_init(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supp
 * If "final" is true, this is the final update so the rate is given as an
 * an average over the whole transfer; otherwise the current rate is shown.
 *
+ * If "is_primary" is true, this is the primary display, not an extra one,
+ * which means extra terminal control codes like OSC 9;4 may be inserted.
+ *
 * Returns true if the display buffer can be used, false if not.
 *
 * When returning true, this function will have also set
 * display->display_string_len to the length of the string in
 * display->display_buffer, in bytes.
+ *
+ * Updates status->exit_status if buffer allocation fails.
+ *
+ * See pv__format_init for the adjustments that may be made to "status".
 */
-bool pv_format(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdisplay_t display, bool reinitialise,
-	       bool final)
+static bool pv_format(pvprogramstatus_t status, readonly_pvcontrol_t control, readonly_pvtransferstate_t transfer,
+		      readonly_pvtransfercalc_t calc, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdisplay_t display,
+		      bool reinitialise, bool final, bool is_primary)
 {
 	struct pvdisplay_component_s *format_component_array;
 	char display_segments[PV_SIZEOF_FORMAT_SEGMENTS_BUF];	/* flawfinder: ignore - always bounded */
@@ -930,64 +1018,73 @@ bool pv_format(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdispl
 	memset(&formatter_info, 0, sizeof(formatter_info));
 	display_segments[0] = '\0';

-	/* Quick safety check - state and display must exist. */
-	if (NULL == state)
+	/* Quick safety check for null pointers. */
+	if (NULL == status)
+		return false;
+	if (NULL == control)
+		return false;
+	if (NULL == transfer)
+		return false;
+	if (NULL == calc)
 		return false;
 	if (NULL == display)
 		return false;

-	formatter_info.state = state;
 	formatter_info.display = display;
 	formatter_info.buffer = display_segments;
 	formatter_info.buffer_size = sizeof(display_segments);
 	formatter_info.offset = 0;
+	formatter_info.status = status;
+	formatter_info.control = control;
+	formatter_info.transfer = transfer;
+	formatter_info.calc = calc;

 	format_component_array = pv__format_components();

 	/* Populate the display's "final" flag, for formatters. */
 	display->final_update = final;

-	/* Reinitialise if we were asked to. */
+	/* Reinitialise if requested. */
 	if (reinitialise)
-		pv__format_init(state, format_supplied, display);
+		pv__format_init(status, control, transfer, calc, format_supplied, display);

 	/* The format string is needed for the static segments. */
-	display_format = NULL == format_supplied ? state->control.default_format : format_supplied;
+	display_format = NULL == format_supplied ? control->default_format : format_supplied;
 	if (NULL == display_format)
 		return false;

 	/* Determine the type of thing being counted for transfer, rate, etc. */
 	display->count_type = PV_TRANSFERCOUNT_BYTES;
-	if (state->control.linemode)
+	if (control->linemode)
 		display->count_type = PV_TRANSFERCOUNT_LINES;
-	else if (state->control.decimal_units)
+	else if (control->decimal_units)
 		display->count_type = PV_TRANSFERCOUNT_DECBYTES;

 	/*
 	 * Reallocate the output buffer if the display width changes.
 	 */
-	if (display->display_buffer != NULL && display->display_buffer_size < (size_t) ((state->control.width * 4))) {
+	if (display->display_buffer != NULL && display->display_buffer_size < (size_t) ((control->width * 4))) {
 		free(display->display_buffer);
 		display->display_buffer = NULL;
 		display->display_buffer_size = 0;
 	}

 	/*
-	 * Allocate output buffer if there isn't one.
+	 * Allocate the output buffer if there isn't one.
 	 */
 	if (NULL == display->display_buffer) {
 		char *new_buffer;
 		size_t new_size;

-		new_size = (size_t) ((4 * state->control.width) + 80);
-		if (NULL != state->control.name)
-			new_size += strlen(state->control.name);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+		new_size = (size_t) ((4 * control->width) + 80);
+		if (NULL != control->name)
+			new_size += strlen(control->name);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 		/* flawfinder: name is always set by pv_strdup(), which bounds with a \0. */

 		new_buffer = malloc(new_size + 16);
 		if (NULL == new_buffer) {
-			pv_error(state, "%s: %s", _("buffer allocation failed"), strerror(errno));
-			state->status.exit_status |= PV_ERROREXIT_MEMORY;
+			pv_perror("%s", _("memory allocation failure"));
+			status->exit_status |= PV_ERROREXIT_MEMORY;
 			display->display_buffer = NULL;
 			return false;
 		}
@@ -1000,6 +1097,9 @@ bool pv_format(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdispl
 	/* Clear the SGR active codes flag, for the SGR formatter. */
 	display->sgr_code_active = false;

+	/* Clear the OSC 9;4 active flag. */
+	display->using_osc94 = false;
+
 	/*
 	 * Populate the internal segments buffer with each component's
 	 * output, in two passes.
@@ -1037,7 +1137,7 @@ bool pv_format(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdispl
 		formatter_info.segment = segment;
 		/*@-compmempass@ */
 		bytes_added = component->function(&formatter_info);
-		/*@+compmempass@ *//* see previous ->function() note. */
+		/*@+compmempass@ *//* see format_component_array[].function() in pv__format_init(). */

 		segment->width = 0;
 		if (bytes_added > 0) {
@@ -1054,8 +1154,8 @@ bool pv_format(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdispl
 	 */

 	dynamic_segment_width = 0;
-	if (state->control.width > static_portion_width)
-		dynamic_segment_width = state->control.width - static_portion_width;
+	if (control->width > static_portion_width)
+		dynamic_segment_width = control->width - static_portion_width;

 	/*
 	 * Divide the total remaining screen space by the number of dynamic
@@ -1064,8 +1164,8 @@ bool pv_format(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdispl
 	if (dynamic_segment_count > 1)
 		dynamic_segment_width /= dynamic_segment_count;

-	debug("control.width=%d static_portion_width=%d dynamic_segment_width=%d dynamic_segment_count=%d",
-	      state->control.width, static_portion_width, dynamic_segment_width, dynamic_segment_count);
+	debug("control->width=%d static_portion_width=%d dynamic_segment_width=%d dynamic_segment_count=%d",
+	      control->width, static_portion_width, dynamic_segment_width, dynamic_segment_count);

 	for (segment_idx = 0; segment_idx < display->format_segment_count; segment_idx++) {
 		pvdisplay_segment_t segment;
@@ -1135,7 +1235,30 @@ bool pv_format(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdispl
 		      segment->bytes, display->display_buffer + display_buffer_offset - segment->bytes);
 	}

-	/* If the SGR active codes flag is set, we need to emit an SGR reset. */
+	/*
+	 * If OSC 9;4 is enabled globally but wasn't present in the format
+	 * string, and this is the primary display, run its formatter to add
+	 * the sequences.
+	 */
+	if (is_primary && control->use_osc94 && !display->using_osc94) {
+		char content[128];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
+		size_t bytes_added;
+
+		/* flawfinder - null-terminated and bounded with pv_snprintf(). */
+
+		memset(content, 0, sizeof(content));
+
+		debug("%s", "OSC 9;4 enabled globally but not in format string - adding sequence");
+		bytes_added = pv_osc94_format(content, sizeof(content), control, calc);
+		memmove(display->display_buffer + display_buffer_offset, content, bytes_added);
+		display_buffer_offset += bytes_added;
+		display_buffer_remaining -= bytes_added;
+		new_display_string_bytes += bytes_added;
+
+		display->using_osc94 = true;
+	}
+
+	/* If the SGR active codes flag is set, emit an SGR reset. */
 	if (display->sgr_code_active) {
 		debug("%s", "SGR codes still active - adding reset");
 		(void) pv_strlcat(display->display_buffer, "\033[m", display->display_buffer_size);
@@ -1149,11 +1272,11 @@ bool pv_format(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdispl
 	debug("%s: %d", "new display string width", (int) new_display_string_width);

 	/*
-	 * If the width of our output shrinks, we need to keep appending
-	 * spaces at the end, so that we don't leave dangling bits behind.
+	 * If the width of the output shrinks, pad with spaces to the old
+	 * width, to avoid leaving dangling bits behind.
 	 */
 	if ((new_display_string_width < display->display_string_width)
-	    && (state->control.width >= display->prev_screen_width)) {
+	    && (control->width >= display->prev_screen_width)) {
 		char spaces[32];	 /* flawfinder: ignore - terminated, bounded */
 		int spaces_to_add;

@@ -1173,7 +1296,7 @@ bool pv_format(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdispl

 	display->display_string_bytes = new_display_string_bytes;
 	display->display_string_width = new_display_string_width;
-	display->prev_screen_width = state->control.width;
+	display->prev_screen_width = control->width;

 	return true;
 }
@@ -1185,78 +1308,110 @@ bool pv_format(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *format_supplied, pvdispl
 * If "final" is true, this is the final update, so the rate is given as an
 * an average over the whole transfer; otherwise the current rate is shown.
 */
-void pv_display(pvstate_t state, bool final)
+void pv_display(pvprogramstatus_t status, readonly_pvcontrol_t control, pvtransientflags_t flags,
+		readonly_pvtransferstate_t transfer, pvtransfercalc_t calc, pvcursorstate_t cursor, pvdisplay_t display,
+		/*@null@ */ pvdisplay_t extra_display, bool final)
 {
 	bool reinitialise = false;

-	if (NULL == state)
+	if (NULL == status)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == control)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == flags)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == transfer)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == calc)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == cursor)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == display)
 		return;

 	pv_sig_checkbg();

-	pv_calculate_transfer_rate(state, final);
+	pv_calculate_transfer_rate(calc, transfer, control, display, final);

 	/*
 	 * Enable colour on the main display, and disable it on the extra
 	 * display (process title, window title).
 	 */
-	state->display.colour_permitted = true;
-	state->extra_display.colour_permitted = false;
+	display->colour_permitted = true;
+	if (NULL != extra_display)
+		extra_display->colour_permitted = false;

 	/*
 	 * If the display options need reparsing, do so to generate new
 	 * formatting parameters.
 	 */
-	if (0 != state->flag.reparse_display) {
+	if (0 != flags->reparse_display) {
 		reinitialise = true;
-		state->flag.reparse_display = 0;
+		flags->reparse_display = 0;
 	}

-	if (!pv_format(state, state->control.format_string, &(state->display), reinitialise, final))
+	if (!pv_format(status, control, transfer, calc, control->format_string, display, reinitialise, final, true))
 		return;

-	if (0 != state->control.extra_displays) {
-		if (!pv_format(state, state->control.extra_format_string, &(state->extra_display), reinitialise, final))
+	if ((NULL != extra_display) && (0 != control->extra_displays)) {
+		if (!pv_format
+		    (status, control, transfer, calc, control->extra_format_string, extra_display, reinitialise, final,
+		     false))
 			return;
 	}

-	if (NULL == state->display.display_buffer)
+	if (NULL == display->display_buffer)
 		return;

-	if (state->control.numeric) {
-		pv_tty_write(state, state->display.display_buffer, state->display.display_string_bytes);
-		pv_tty_write(state, "\n", 1);
-	} else if (state->control.cursor) {
-		if (state->control.force || pv_in_foreground()) {
-			pv_crs_update(state, state->display.display_buffer);
-			state->display.display_visible = true;
+	if (control->numeric) {
+		pv_tty_write(flags, display->display_buffer, display->display_string_bytes);
+		pv_tty_write(flags, "\n", 1);
+	} else if (control->cursor) {
+		if (control->force || pv_in_foreground()) {
+			pv_crs_update(cursor, control, flags, display->display_buffer);
+			display->output_produced = true;
+			pv__output_produced = true;
 		}
 	} else {
-		if (state->control.force || pv_in_foreground()) {
-			pv_tty_write(state, state->display.display_buffer, state->display.display_string_bytes);
-			pv_tty_write(state, "\r", 1);
-			state->display.display_visible = true;
+		if (control->force || pv_in_foreground()) {
+			pv_tty_write(flags, display->display_buffer, display->display_string_bytes);
+			pv_tty_write(flags, "\r", 1);
+			display->output_produced = true;
+			pv__output_produced = true;
 		}
 	}

-	debug("%s: [%s]", "display", state->display.display_buffer);
+	debug("%s: [%s]", "display", display->display_buffer);

-	if ((0 != (PV_DISPLAY_WINDOWTITLE & state->control.extra_displays))
-	    && (state->control.force || pv_in_foreground())
-	    && (NULL != state->extra_display.display_buffer)
+	if ((0 != (PV_DISPLAY_WINDOWTITLE & control->extra_displays))
+	    && (control->force || pv_in_foreground())
+	    && (NULL != extra_display)
+	    && (NULL != extra_display->display_buffer)
 	    ) {
-		pv_tty_write(state, "\033]2;", 4);
-		pv_tty_write(state, state->extra_display.display_buffer, state->extra_display.display_string_bytes);
-		pv_tty_write(state, "\033\\", 2);
-		state->extra_display.display_visible = true;
-		debug("%s: [%s]", "windowtitle display", state->extra_display.display_buffer);
+		pv_tty_write(flags, "\033]2;", 4);
+		pv_tty_write(flags, extra_display->display_buffer, extra_display->display_string_bytes);
+		pv_tty_write(flags, "\033\\", 2);
+		extra_display->output_produced = true;
+		debug("%s: [%s]", "windowtitle display", extra_display->display_buffer);
 	}

-	if ((0 != (PV_DISPLAY_PROCESSTITLE & state->control.extra_displays))
-	    && (NULL != state->extra_display.display_buffer)
+	if ((0 != (PV_DISPLAY_PROCESSTITLE & control->extra_displays))
+	    && (NULL != extra_display)
+	    && (NULL != extra_display->display_buffer)
 	    ) {
-		setproctitle("%s", state->extra_display.display_buffer);
-		state->extra_display.display_visible = true;
-		debug("%s: [%s]", "processtitle display", state->extra_display.display_buffer);
+		setproctitle("%s -- %s", PACKAGE_NAME, extra_display->display_buffer);
+		extra_display->output_produced = true;
+		debug("%s: [%s]", "processtitle display", extra_display->display_buffer);
 	}
 }
+
+
+/*
+ * Clear the local pv__output_produced flag to indicate that the progress
+ * bar display is no longer being updated and the cursor has moved past it,
+ * so error messages don't need a preceding line any more.
+ */
+void pv_end_display(void)
+{
+	pv__output_produced = false;
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Functions relating to elapsed time.
 *
- * Copyright 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -16,19 +16,19 @@

 /*
 * Read the current elapsed time, relative to an unspecified point in the
- * past, and store it in the given timespec buffer.  The time is guaranteed
- * to not go backwards and does not count time when the system was
- * suspended.  See clock_gettime(2) with CLOCK_MONOTONIC.
+ * past, and store it in "return_time".  The time is guaranteed to not go
+ * backwards and does not count time when the system was suspended.  See
+ * clock_gettime(2) with CLOCK_MONOTONIC.
 *
 * The read should not fail; if it does, the program is aborted with exit
 * status 16 (transfer error).
 */
 void pv_elapsedtime_read(struct timespec *return_time)
 {
-	/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't know clock_gettime */
+	/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't know clock_gettime. */
 	if (0 != clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, return_time)) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", PACKAGE_NAME, "clock_gettime", strerror(errno));
-		/*@-exitarg@ *//* we explicitly want a special exit status */
+		pv_perror("%s", "clock_gettime");
+		/*@-exitarg@ *//* The special exit status is explicitly chosen. */
 		exit(PV_ERROREXIT_TRANSFER);
 		/*@+exitarg@ */
 	}
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ void pv_elapsedtime_read(struct timespec *return_time)


 /*
- * Set the time in the given timespec to zero.
+ * Set the time in the timespec to zero.
 */
 void pv_elapsedtime_zero(struct timespec *zero_time)
 {
@@ -132,16 +132,16 @@ void pv_elapsedtime_add(struct timespec *return_time, const struct timespec *fir
 	/*@+type@ */

 	/*
-	 * splint rationale: we know the types are different but should be
-	 * large enough and are relying on the compiler to do the casting
-	 * correctly, since the manual for timespec(3) states the types are
-	 * implementation-defined.
+	 * splint rationale: the manual for timespec(3) states that its
+	 * types are implementation-defined, so the best option is to use
+	 * types that are the most likely to be large enough, and let the
+	 * compiler do the casting.
 	 */
 }


 /*
- * Add a number of nanoseconds to the given timespec.
+ * Add a number of nanoseconds to a timespec.
 */
 void pv_elapsedtime_add_nsec(struct timespec *return_time, long long add_nanoseconds)
 {
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ void pv_elapsedtime_add_nsec(struct timespec *return_time, long long add_nanosec
 	seconds += nanoseconds / 1000000000;
 	nanoseconds = nanoseconds % 1000000000;

-	/*@-type@ *//* see above */
+	/*@-type@ *//* See above. */
 	return_time->tv_sec = seconds;
 	return_time->tv_nsec = nanoseconds;
 	/*@+type@ */
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ void pv_elapsedtime_subtract(struct timespec *return_time, const struct timespec
 		nanoseconds = 1000000000 + nanoseconds;
 	}

-	/*@-type@ *//* see above */
+	/*@-type@ *//* See above. */
 	return_time->tv_sec = seconds;
 	return_time->tv_nsec = nanoseconds;
 	/*@+type@ */
@@ -233,18 +233,18 @@ void pv_nanosleep(long long nanoseconds)
 	sleep_for.tv_sec = 0;
 	/*@-type@ */
 	sleep_for.tv_nsec = nanoseconds;
-	/*@+type@ *//* splint rationale - best effort */
+	/*@+type@ *//* splint rationale - best effort. */
 	/*@-unrecog@ */
 	(void) nanosleep(&sleep_for, &time_remaining);
-	/*@+unrecog@ *//* splint rationale - doesn't know of nanosleep() */
+	/*@+unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't know of nanosleep(). */
 #else
 	struct timeval tv;
 	tv.tv_sec = 0;
 	/*@-type@ */
 	tv.tv_usec = nanoseconds / 1000;
-	/*@+type@ *//* splint rationale - best effort */
+	/*@+type@ *//* splint rationale - best effort. */
 	/*@-null@ */
 	(void) select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
-	/*@+null@ *//* splint doesn't know about select() */
+	/*@+null@ *//* splint doesn't know about select(). */
 #endif
 }
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Functions for opening and closing files, and calculating their size.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -18,18 +18,80 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <limits.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>


 /*@-type@*/
 /* splint has trouble with off_t and mode_t throughout this file. */

+/*
+ * Check that a file descriptor is open on /dev/null, returning true if so.
+ * Otherwise return false; if the second argument is true, reports the
+ * problem with pv_error() before returning.
+ *
+ * No error is reported if the file descriptor is less than zero.
+ */
+bool pv_fd_is_dev_null(int fd, bool report_error)
+{
+	struct stat sb;
+	struct utsname uts;
+	unsigned long expected_rdev;
+	bool is_dev_null;
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return false;
+
+	memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(sb));
+	if (fstat(fd, &sb) < 0) {
+		if (report_error)
+			pv_perror("%s", "/dev/null");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	expected_rdev = 0x0103;		    /* device 1,3 on Linux. */
+
+	is_dev_null = true;
+	if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) {
+		debug("%s", "/dev/null: not a character device");
+		is_dev_null = false;
+	}
+
+	memset(&uts, 0, sizeof(uts));
+	if (uname(&uts) >= 0) {
+		if (0 == strncmp(uts.sysname, "OpenBSD", 7)) {
+			expected_rdev = 0x0202;
+		} else if (0 == strncmp(uts.sysname, "FreeBSD", 7)) {
+			expected_rdev = 0x0022;
+		} else if (0 == strncmp(uts.sysname, "NetBSD", 6)) {
+			expected_rdev = 0x0202;
+		} else if (0 == strncmp(uts.sysname, "Darwin", 6)) {
+			expected_rdev = 0x03000002;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((unsigned long) (sb.st_rdev) != expected_rdev) {
+		debug("/dev/null: fd is %08lx, expected %08lx", sb.st_rdev, expected_rdev);
+		is_dev_null = false;
+	}
+
+	if (is_dev_null)
+		return true;
+
+	if (report_error)
+		pv_error("%s", _("/dev/null is not usable"));
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+
 /*
 * Calculate the total number of bytes to be transferred by adding up the
 * sizes of all input files.  If any of the input files are of indeterminate
 * size (such as if they are a pipe), the total size is set to zero.
 *
- * Any files that cannot be stat()ed or that access() says we can't read
- * will be skipped, and the total size will be set to zero.
+ * If there are any files that cannot be stat()ed, or that access() says are
+ * not readable, they will be skipped, and the total size will be set to
+ * zero.
 *
 * Returns the total size, or 0 if it is unknown.
 */
@@ -54,6 +116,10 @@ static off_t pv_calc_total_bytes(pvstate_t state)
 	for (file_idx = 0; file_idx < state->files.file_count; file_idx++) {
 		int rc;

+		/* Skip any NULL entries, though they should be impossible. */
+		if (NULL == state->files.filename[file_idx])
+			continue;
+
 		if (0 == strcmp(state->files.filename[file_idx], "-")) {
 			rc = fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &sb);
 			if (rc != 0) {
@@ -65,15 +131,16 @@ static off_t pv_calc_total_bytes(pvstate_t state)
 			if (0 == rc) {
 				rc = access(state->files.filename[file_idx], R_OK);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 				/*
-				 * flawfinder rationale: we're not really
-				 * using access() to do permissions checks,
-				 * but to zero the total if we might be
-				 * unable to read the file later, so if an
-				 * attacker redirected one of the input
-				 * files in between this part and the actual
-				 * reading, the outcome would be that the
-				 * total byte count would be wrong or
-				 * missing, nothing useful.
+				 * flawfinder rationale: access() can lead
+				 * to TOCTOU issues but here it isn't being
+				 * used to check permissions, only to zero
+				 * the total if the file is likely to be
+				 * unreadable later.  If an attacker
+				 * redirected one of the input files in
+				 * between this part and the actual reading,
+				 * the outcome would be that the total byte
+				 * count would be wrong or missing, nothing
+				 * otherwise exploitable.
 				 */
 			}
 		}
@@ -95,10 +162,10 @@ static off_t pv_calc_total_bytes(pvstate_t state)
 				fd = open("/dev/stdin", O_RDONLY);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 				/*
 				 * flawfinder rationale: "/dev/stdin" may be
-				 * a symlink, so can't use O_NOFOLLOW, and
-				 * so we have to assume that it being under
-				 * "/dev" means the path is less likely to
-				 * be under the control of someone else.
+				 * a symlink, so O_NOFOLLOW is not suitable;
+				 * in mitigation, a path under "/dev" is
+				 * unlikely to be under the control of
+				 * someone else.
 				 */
 			} else {
 				fd = open(state->files.filename[file_idx], O_RDONLY);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
@@ -123,12 +190,13 @@ static off_t pv_calc_total_bytes(pvstate_t state)
 	}

 	/*
-	 * Patch from Peter Samuelson: if we cannot work out the size of the
-	 * input, but we are writing to a block device, then use the size of
-	 * the output block device.
+	 * Patch from Peter Samuelson: if the input size can't be
+	 * determined, but the output is being written to a block device,
+	 * then use the size of the output block device.
 	 *
-	 * Further modified to check that output is not in append-only mode
-	 * and that we can seek back to the start after getting the size.
+	 * Further modified to check that output is not in append-only mode,
+	 * such that it is possible to seek back to the start after getting
+	 * the size.
 	 */
 	if (total < 1) {
 		int rc;
@@ -144,16 +212,14 @@ static off_t pv_calc_total_bytes(pvstate_t state)
 				total = end_position;
 			}
 			if (lseek(state->control.output_fd, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-				pv_error(state, "%s: %s: %s",
-					 NULL == state->control.output_name ? "(null)" : state->control.output_name,
-					 _("failed to seek to start of output"), strerror(errno));
+				pv_perror("%s",
+					  NULL == state->control.output_name ? "(null)" : state->control.output_name);
 				state->status.exit_status |= PV_ERROREXIT_ACCESS;
 			}
 			/*
-			 * If we worked out a size, then set the
-			 * stop-at-size flag to prevent a "no space left on
-			 * device" error when we reach the end of the output
-			 * device.
+			 * If a size was found, then set the stop-at-size
+			 * flag to prevent a "no space left on device" error
+			 * when the end of the output device is reached.
 			 */
 			if (total > 0) {
 				state->control.stop_at_size = true;
@@ -170,8 +236,9 @@ static off_t pv_calc_total_bytes(pvstate_t state)
 * input files.  If any of the inputs are not regular files (such as if they
 * are a pipe or a block device), the total size is set to zero.
 *
- * Any files that cannot be stat()ed or that access() says we can't read
- * will be skipped, and the total size will be set to zero.
+ * If there are any files that cannot be stat()ed, or that access() says are
+ * not readable, they will be skipped, and the total size will be set to
+ * zero.
 *
 * Returns the total size, or 0 if it is unknown.
 */
@@ -187,6 +254,10 @@ static off_t pv_calc_total_lines(pvstate_t state)
 		int fd = -1;
 		int rc = 0;

+		/* Skip any NULL entries, though they should be impossible. */
+		if (NULL == state->files.filename[file_idx])
+			continue;
+
 		if (0 == strcmp(state->files.filename[file_idx], "-")) {
 			rc = fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &sb);
 			if ((rc != 0) || (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))) {
@@ -210,7 +281,7 @@ static off_t pv_calc_total_lines(pvstate_t state)
 			return total;
 		}
 #if HAVE_POSIX_FADVISE
-		/* Advise the OS that we will only be reading sequentially. */
+		/* Advise the OS that all reads will be sequential. */
 		(void) posix_fadvise(fd, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL);
 #endif

@@ -222,13 +293,12 @@ static off_t pv_calc_total_lines(pvstate_t state)

 			numread = read(fd, scanbuf, sizeof(scanbuf));	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 			/*
-			 * flawfinder rationale: each time around the loop
-			 * we are always reading into the start of the
-			 * buffer, not moving along it, so the bounding is
-			 * OK.
+			 * flawfinder rationale: every read is reading into
+			 * the start of the buffer, not moving along it, so
+			 * the bounding is OK.
 			 */
 			if (numread < 0) {
-				pv_error(state, "%s: %s", state->files.filename[file_idx], strerror(errno));
+				pv_perror("%s", state->files.filename[file_idx]);
 				state->status.exit_status |= PV_ERROREXIT_ACCESS;
 				break;
 			} else if (0 == numread) {
@@ -246,7 +316,7 @@ static off_t pv_calc_total_lines(pvstate_t state)
 		}

 		if (0 != lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET)) {
-			pv_error(state, "%s: %s", state->files.filename[file_idx], strerror(errno));
+			pv_perror("%s", state->files.filename[file_idx]);
 			state->status.exit_status |= PV_ERROREXIT_ACCESS;
 		}

@@ -280,7 +350,13 @@ off_t pv_calc_total_size(pvstate_t state)
 * error). It is an error if the next input file is the same as the file
 * the output is pointing to.
 *
- * Updates state->status.current_input_file in the process.
+ * Updates state->status.current_input_file and
+ * state->status.current_input_is_pipe.
+ *
+ * If the input is not a pipe, and state->status.output_is_pipe is false,
+ * and state->control.no_splice is false, also creates a pipe and populates
+ * state->transfer.intermediate_pipe[] with its file descriptors, if a pipe
+ * had not already been created (i.e. that array contained [-1,-1]).
 */
 int pv_next_file(pvstate_t state, unsigned int filenum, int oldfd)
 {
@@ -288,10 +364,11 @@ int pv_next_file(pvstate_t state, unsigned int filenum, int oldfd)
 	struct stat osb;
 	int fd;
 	bool input_file_is_output;
+	char *next_filename;

 	if (oldfd >= 0) {
 		if (0 != close(oldfd)) {
-			pv_error(state, "%s: %s", _("failed to close file"), strerror(errno));
+			pv_perror("%s: %s", pv_current_file_name(state), _("error closing file"));
 			state->status.exit_status |= PV_ERROREXIT_TRANSITION;
 			return -1;
 		}
@@ -303,42 +380,49 @@ int pv_next_file(pvstate_t state, unsigned int filenum, int oldfd)
 		return -1;
 	}

-	if ((NULL == state->files.filename) || (0 == strcmp(state->files.filename[filenum], "-"))) {
+	next_filename = NULL;
+	if (NULL != state->files.filename) {
+		next_filename = state->files.filename[filenum];
+		if (NULL == next_filename) {
+			debug("%s: @%d, max %d", "unexpected null filename", filenum, state->files.file_count);
+			state->status.exit_status |= PV_ERROREXIT_TRANSITION;
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((NULL == next_filename) || (0 == strcmp(next_filename, "-"))) {
 		fd = STDIN_FILENO;
 	} else {
-		fd = open(state->files.filename[filenum], O_RDONLY);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+		fd = open(next_filename, O_RDONLY);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 		/*
 		 * flawfinder rationale: the input file list is under the
-		 * control of the operator by its nature, so we can't refuse
-		 * to open symlinks etc as that would be counterintuitive.
+		 * control of the operator by its nature, so refusing to
+		 * open symlinks would be counterintuitive.
 		 */
 		if (fd < 0) {
-			pv_error(state, "%s: %s: %s",
-				 _("failed to read file"), state->files.filename[filenum], strerror(errno));
+			pv_perror("%s", next_filename);
 			state->status.exit_status |= PV_ERROREXIT_ACCESS;
 			return -1;
 		}
 	}

 	if (0 != fstat(fd, &isb)) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s: %s: %s", _("failed to stat file"),
-			 NULL == state->files.filename ? "-" : state->files.filename[filenum], strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s", NULL == next_filename ? "-" : next_filename);
 		(void) close(fd);
 		state->status.exit_status |= PV_ERROREXIT_ACCESS;
 		return -1;
 	}

 	if (0 != fstat(state->control.output_fd, &osb)) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s: %s", _("failed to stat output file"), strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s", NULL == state->control.output_name ? "(null)" : state->control.output_name);
 		(void) close(fd);
 		state->status.exit_status |= PV_ERROREXIT_ACCESS;
 		return -1;
 	}

 	/*
-	 * Check that this new input file is not the same as output's
-	 * destination. This restriction is ignored for anything other
-	 * than a regular file or block device.
+	 * If the input file is a regular file or a block device, check that
+	 * it is not the same as the output's destination.
 	 */
 	input_file_is_output = true;
 	if (isb.st_dev != osb.st_dev)
@@ -351,13 +435,28 @@ int pv_next_file(pvstate_t state, unsigned int filenum, int oldfd)
 		input_file_is_output = false;

 	if (input_file_is_output) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s: %s", _("input file is output file"),
-			 NULL == state->files.filename ? "-" : state->files.filename[filenum]);
+		pv_error("%s: %s", NULL == next_filename ? "-" : next_filename, _("input file is also the output"));
 		(void) close(fd);
 		state->status.exit_status |= PV_ERROREXIT_OUROBOROS;
 		return -1;
 	}

+	/*
+	 * Detect whether the input file is a pipe, a regular file, or
+	 * neither.  This is used later, in pv__transfer_read(), when
+	 * determining the transfer method - read/write, splice(),
+	 * copy_file_range().
+	 */
+	state->status.current_input_is_pipe = false;
+	state->status.current_input_is_file = false;
+	if ((isb.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO) {
+		state->status.current_input_is_pipe = true;
+		debug("%s (fd %d)", "input is a pipe", fd);
+	} else if ((isb.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) {
+		state->status.current_input_is_file = true;
+		debug("%s (fd %d)", "input is a regular file", fd);
+	}
+
 	state->status.current_input_file = filenum;
 #ifdef O_DIRECT
 	/*
@@ -367,19 +466,106 @@ int pv_next_file(pvstate_t state, unsigned int filenum, int oldfd)
 		/*@-compdef@ */
 		/*
 		 * splint - passed or returned storage is undefined - but at
-		 * this point we know the input file list is been populated,
-		 * so that's OK.
+		 * this point, the input file list has been populated, so
+		 * that's OK.
 		 */
 		debug("%s: %s: %s", pv_current_file_name(state), "fcntl", strerror(errno));
 		/*@+compdef@ */
 	}
 	/*
-	 * We don't clear direct_io_changed here, to avoid race conditions
-	 * that could cause the input and output settings to differ.
+	 * Don't clear direct_io_changed here, to avoid race conditions that
+	 * could cause the input and output settings to differ.
 	 */
 #endif				/* O_DIRECT */

-	debug("%s: %d: %s: fd=%d", "next file opened", filenum, pv_current_file_name(state), fd);
+	debug("%s: %d: %s: fd=%d, is_pipe=%s, is_file=%s", "next file opened", filenum, pv_current_file_name(state), fd,
+	      state->status.current_input_is_pipe ? "true" : "false",
+	      state->status.current_input_is_file ? "true" : "false");
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SPLICE
+	if (state->control.discard_input && !state->control.no_splice && state->transfer.discard_fd < 0) {
+		/*
+		 * Open a file descriptor to /dev/null, so that input can be
+		 * spliced to it to implement -X.
+		 *
+		 * If this fails, transfer.discard_fd will be left at -1,
+		 * which means the transfer functions will not use splice().
+		 */
+		state->transfer.discard_fd = open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+		/* flawfinder: /dev/null is trusted. */
+		if (state->transfer.discard_fd < 0) {
+			debug("%s: %s", "/dev/null", strerror(errno));
+			state->transfer.discard_fd = -1;
+		}
+		if (!pv_fd_is_dev_null(state->transfer.discard_fd, false)) {
+			if (state->transfer.discard_fd >= 0)
+				(void) close(state->transfer.discard_fd);
+			state->transfer.discard_fd = -1;
+		}
+		debug("%s: %d", "discard_fd", state->transfer.discard_fd);
+		/*
+		 * If discard_fd was successfully opened, it will be used as
+		 * the output, so set the output status flags appropriately.
+		 */
+		if (state->transfer.discard_fd >= 0) {
+			state->status.output_is_pipe = false;
+			state->status.output_is_file = false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!(state->status.output_is_pipe || state->status.current_input_is_pipe || state->control.no_splice)
+	    && (-1 == state->transfer.intermediate_pipe[0])) {
+		/*
+		 * Create an intermediate pipe to allow the input to be used
+		 * with splice() even though neither it nor the output are
+		 * themselves pipes.
+		 */
+		state->transfer.intermediate_pipe_buffer_used = 0;
+		if (pipe(state->transfer.intermediate_pipe) < 0) {
+			debug("%s: %s", "pipe()", strerror(errno));
+			state->transfer.intermediate_pipe[0] = -1;
+			state->transfer.intermediate_pipe[1] = -1;
+		} else {
+			state->transfer.intermediate_pipe_buffer_size = 64 * 1024;
+#if defined F_SETPIPE_SZ && defined F_GETPIPE_SZ
+			{
+				size_t target_pipe_buffer_size = state->control.pipe_buffer_size;
+				int new_size;
+
+				/* If no pipe buffer size was set, try for 1MiB. */
+				if (0 == target_pipe_buffer_size)
+					target_pipe_buffer_size = 1024 * 1024;
+
+				/*
+				 * Try to set the pipe buffer size, halving
+				 * repeatedly on failure.
+				 */
+				new_size = -1;
+				while (new_size < 0 && target_pipe_buffer_size >= 4096) {
+					new_size =
+					    fcntl(state->transfer.intermediate_pipe[1], F_SETPIPE_SZ,
+						  (int) target_pipe_buffer_size);
+					if (new_size < 0)
+						target_pipe_buffer_size = target_pipe_buffer_size / 2;
+				}
+				/* If all attempts failed, read the current size. */
+				if (new_size < 0) {
+					new_size = fcntl(state->transfer.intermediate_pipe[1], F_GETPIPE_SZ);
+					/* If unable to read, assume 64KiB. */
+					if (new_size < 0) {
+						new_size = 64 * 1024;
+					}
+				}
+
+				state->transfer.intermediate_pipe_buffer_size = new_size;
+			}
+#endif				/* defined F_SETPIPE_SZ && defined F_GETPIPE_SZ */
+		}
+		debug("%s: [%d,%d]", "intermediate pipe fds", state->transfer.intermediate_pipe[0],
+		      state->transfer.intermediate_pipe[1]);
+		debug("%s: %d", "intermediate pipe buffer size", state->transfer.intermediate_pipe_buffer_size);
+	}
+#endif				/* HAVE_SPLICE */

 	return fd;
 }
@@ -400,12 +586,10 @@ int pv_next_file(pvstate_t state, unsigned int filenum, int oldfd)
 	/*@-onlytrans@ */
 	/*@-statictrans@ */
 	/*
-	 * Here we are doing bad things with regards to whether the returned
-	 * string is an allocated string from the state->files.filename array,
-	 * a constant string, or a returned string from gettext(), but it
-	 * has no impact.  We explicitly document, above, that the returned
-	 * string expires with the state, and hence switch off the
-	 * associated splint warnings.
+	 * The returned string could be an allocated string from the
+	 * state->files.filename array, a constant string, or a returned
+	 * string from gettext().  The documentation, above, explains that
+	 * the returned string expires with the state.
 	 */

 	if (NULL == str_none)
@@ -438,8 +622,8 @@ int pv_next_file(pvstate_t state, unsigned int filenum, int oldfd)
 	return input_file_name;
 	/*@+compdef@ */
 	/*
-	 * splint warns about state->files.filename being undefined, but we
-	 * know it's been populated fully by the time this function is
+	 * splint warns about state->files.filename being undefined, but it
+	 * has definitely been fully populated by the time this function is
 	 * called.
 	 */

@@ -447,3 +631,86 @@ int pv_next_file(pvstate_t state, unsigned int filenum, int oldfd)
 	/*@+onlytrans@ */
 	/*@+observertrans@ */
 }
+
+
+/*
+ * Return a stream pointer, and populate the filename buffer, for a control
+ * file associated with a particular process ID, for the given signal
+ * number; it will be opened for writing if "sender" is true.  Returns NULL
+ * on error.
+ */
+/*@null@ */
+/*@dependent@ */
+FILE *pv_open_controlfile(char *filename, size_t bufsize, pid_t control_pid, int signum, bool sender)
+{
+	int open_flags, open_mode, control_fd;
+	/*@dependent@ */ FILE *control_fptr = NULL;
+
+	open_flags = O_RDONLY;
+#ifdef O_NOFOLLOW
+	open_flags += O_NOFOLLOW;
+#endif
+	if (sender)
+		open_flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL;
+
+	open_mode = 0644;
+
+	(void) pv_snprintf(filename, bufsize, "/run/user/%lu/pv.remote.%d.%lu", (unsigned long) geteuid(), signum,
+			   (unsigned long) control_pid);
+	control_fd = open(filename, open_flags, open_mode);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+
+	/*
+	 * If /run/user/<uid> wasn't usable, try $HOME/.pv instead.
+	 */
+	if (control_fd < 0) {
+		char *home_dir;
+
+		home_dir = getenv("HOME");  /* flawfinder: ignore */
+		if (NULL == home_dir)
+			return NULL;
+		if ('\0' == home_dir[0])
+			return NULL;
+
+		/*
+		 * flawfinder rationale: null and zero-size values are
+		 * rejected, and the destination buffer is bounded.
+		 */
+
+		(void) pv_snprintf(filename, bufsize, "%s/.pv/remote.%d.%lu", home_dir, signum,
+				   (unsigned long) control_pid);
+		control_fd = open(filename, open_flags, open_mode);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+
+		/*
+		 * If the open failed, try creating the $HOME/.pv directory
+		 * first.
+		 */
+		if (control_fd < 0) {
+			(void) pv_snprintf(filename, bufsize, "%s/.pv", home_dir);
+			(void) mkdir(filename, 0700);
+			/* In case of weird umask, explicitly chmod the dir. */
+			(void) chmod(filename, 0700);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+			(void) pv_snprintf(filename, bufsize, "%s/.pv/remote.%d.%lu", home_dir, signum,
+					   (unsigned long) control_pid);
+			control_fd = open(filename, open_flags, open_mode);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * flawfinder rationale: the files are in a directory whose parents
+	 * cannot be manipulated, and the final component is not allowed to
+	 * be a symbolic link.  $HOME is checked for a NULL value, and the
+	 * filename is bounded by pv_snprintf() so it can't overshoot the
+	 * filename buffer.  When chmod() is called on $HOME/.pv, an
+	 * attacker is assumed to be unlikely to be able to manipulate
+	 * $HOME's contents to make use of $HOME/.pv's mode of 700.
+	 */
+
+	if (control_fd < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	debug("%s: %s", "control filename", filename);
+
+	control_fptr = fdopen(control_fd, sender ? "wb" : "rb");
+
+	return control_fptr;
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Formatter function for average rate.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -24,21 +24,21 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_average_rate(pvformatter_args_t args)
 		return 0;

 	/*@-mustfreefresh@ */
-	if (args->state->control.numeric) {
-		/* numeric - raw value without suffix. */
+	if (args->control->numeric) {
+		/* Numeric - raw value without suffix. */
 		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content),
-				   "%.4Lf", ((args->state->control.bits ? 8.0 : 1.0) * args->state->calc.average_rate));
-	} else if (args->state->control.bits && !args->state->control.linemode) {
-		/* bits per second */
+				   "%.4Lf", ((args->control->bits ? 8.0 : 1.0) * args->calc->average_rate));
+	} else if (args->control->bits && !args->control->linemode) {
+		/* Bits per second. */
 		pv_describe_amount(content, sizeof(content),
-				   "(%s)", 8 * args->state->calc.average_rate, "", _("b/s"), args->display->count_type);
+				   "(%s)", 8 * args->calc->average_rate, "", _("b/s"), args->display->count_type);
 	} else {
-		/* bytes or lines per second */
+		/* Bytes or lines per second. */
 		pv_describe_amount(content,
-				   sizeof(content), "(%s)", args->state->calc.average_rate, _("/s"), _("B/s"),
+				   sizeof(content), "(%s)", args->calc->average_rate, _("/s"), _("B/s"),
 				   args->display->count_type);
 	}
-	/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* splint: see above. */
+	/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* splint - false positive from gettext(). */

 	return pv_formatter_segmentcontent(content, args);
 }
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Formatter functions for styled progress bars.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ static bool pv_barstyle(pvformatter_args_t args, pvbarstyle_t style, const char
 }
 	/*
 	 * flawfinder - strlen() on null-terminated static strings is OK,
-	 * and with the memcpy(), we check the buffer is big enough.
+	 * and with the memcpy(), the buffer size has been checked.
 	 */

 	memset(style, 0, sizeof(*style));

-	if (args->state->control.can_display_utf8 && 0 == strcmp(name, "block")) {
+	if (args->status->terminal_supports_utf8 && 0 == strcmp(name, "block")) {

 		style->style_id = 2;

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ static bool pv_barstyle(pvformatter_args_t args, pvbarstyle_t style, const char

 		return true;

-	} else if (args->state->control.can_display_utf8 && 0 == strcmp(name, "granular")) {
+	} else if (args->status->terminal_supports_utf8 && 0 == strcmp(name, "granular")) {

 		style->style_id = 3;

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ static bool pv_barstyle(pvformatter_args_t args, pvbarstyle_t style, const char

 		return true;

-	} else if (args->state->control.can_display_utf8 && 0 == strcmp(name, "shaded")) {
+	} else if (args->status->terminal_supports_utf8 && 0 == strcmp(name, "shaded")) {

 		style->style_id = 4;

@@ -164,12 +164,12 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_bar_default(pvformatter_args_t args)
 {
 	if (0 == args->segment->parameter) {
 		const char *default_name;
-		default_name = args->state->control.default_bar_style;
+		default_name = args->control->default_bar_style;
 		/*@-branchstate@ */
 		if (NULL == default_name)
 			default_name = "plain";
 		/*@+branchstate@ */
-		/* splint - it doesn't matter that default_name may be static */
+		/* splint - it doesn't matter that default_name may be static. */
 		args->segment->parameter = 1 + pv_display_barstyle_index(args, default_name);
 	}
 	return pv_formatter_progress_bar_only(args);
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Formatter function for transfer buffer percentage utilisation.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -23,18 +23,29 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_buffer_percent(pvformatter_args_t args)
 	if (0 == args->buffer_size)
 		return 0;

-	if (args->state->transfer.buffer_size > 0) {
+	if (args->transfer->buffer_size > 0) {
 		double pct_used = pv_percentage((off_t)
-						(args->state->transfer.read_position -
-						 args->state->transfer.write_position),
+						(args->transfer->read_position - args->transfer->write_position),
 						(off_t)
-						(args->state->transfer.buffer_size));
+						(args->transfer->buffer_size));
 		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "{%3.0f%%}", pct_used);
 	}
-#ifdef HAVE_SPLICE
-	if (args->state->transfer.splice_used)
+	switch (args->transfer->method) {
+	case PV_TRANSFERMETHOD_READWRITE:
+		break;
+	case PV_TRANSFERMETHOD_SPLICE:
 		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "{%s}", "----");
-#endif
+		break;
+	case PV_TRANSFERMETHOD_SPLICE_INTERMEDIATE:
+		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "{%s}", "-||-");
+		break;
+	case PV_TRANSFERMETHOD_COPY_FILE_RANGE:
+		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "{%s}", "--->");
+		break;
+	case PV_TRANSFERMETHOD__UNSET:
+		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "{%s}", "????");
+		break;
+	}

 	return pv_formatter_segmentcontent(content, args);
 }
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Formatter function for bytes or lines transferred.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -26,20 +26,17 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_bytes(pvformatter_args_t args)
 	content[0] = '\0';

 	/*@-mustfreefresh@ */
-	if (args->state->control.numeric) {
+	if (args->control->numeric) {
 		/* Numeric mode - raw values only, no suffix. */
 		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content),
-				   "%lld",
-				   (long long) ((args->state->control.bits ? 8 : 1) *
-						args->state->transfer.transferred));
-	} else if (args->state->control.bits && !args->state->control.linemode) {
+				   "%lld", (long long) ((args->control->bits ? 8 : 1) * args->transfer->transferred));
+	} else if (args->control->bits && !args->control->linemode) {
 		pv_describe_amount(content, sizeof(content), "%s",
-				   (long double) (args->state->transfer.transferred * 8), "", _("b"),
+				   (long double) (args->transfer->transferred * 8), "", _("b"),
 				   args->display->count_type);
 	} else {
 		pv_describe_amount(content, sizeof(content), "%s",
-				   (long double) (args->state->transfer.transferred), "", _("B"),
-				   args->display->count_type);
+				   (long double) (args->transfer->transferred), "", _("B"), args->display->count_type);
 	}
 	/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* splint - false positive from gettext(). */

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Formatter function for OSC 9;4 - ConEmu progress bar - codes.
+ *
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
+ *
+ * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
+ */
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "pv.h"
+#include "pv-internal.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#if HAVE_MATH_H
+#include <math.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * Populate a buffer with OSC 9;4 progress bar codes for terminal title
+ * tabs, returning the length of the string.
+ */
+size_t pv_osc94_format(char *buffer, size_t bufsize, readonly_pvcontrol_t control, readonly_pvtransfercalc_t calc)
+{
+	int formatted_size = 0;
+
+	if (NULL == buffer)
+		return 0;
+	if (bufsize < 1)
+		return 0;
+	buffer[0] = '\0';
+
+	if (control->size > 0 || control->rate_gauge) {
+		/* Known size or rate gauge - percentage progress. */
+		formatted_size = pv_snprintf(buffer, bufsize, "\033]9;4;1;%.0f\033\\", calc->percentage);
+	} else {
+		/* Unknown size - indeterminate progress. */
+		/* See pv_formatter_progress_unknownsize() in progressbar.c. */
+		double indicator_position;
+
+		indicator_position = calc->percentage;
+		if (indicator_position > 200.0)
+#if HAVE_FMOD
+			indicator_position = fmod(indicator_position, 200.0);
+#else
+		{
+			while (indicator_position > 200.0)
+				indicator_position -= 200.0;
+		}
+#endif
+		if (indicator_position > 100.0) {
+			indicator_position = 200.0 - indicator_position;
+		}
+		if (indicator_position < 0.0) {
+			indicator_position = 0.0;
+		}
+
+		formatted_size = pv_snprintf(buffer, bufsize, "\033]9;4;3;%.0f\033\\", indicator_position);
+	}
+
+	if (formatted_size < 0)
+		return 0;
+	if (formatted_size >= (int) bufsize)
+		return bufsize - 1;
+	return (size_t) formatted_size;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Produce OSC 9;4 progress bar codes for terminal title tabs.
+ */
+pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_progress_conemu(pvformatter_args_t args)
+{
+	char content[128];		 /* flawfinder: ignore */
+
+	/* flawfinder - null-terminated and bounded with pv_snprintf(). */
+
+	memset(content, 0, sizeof(content));
+
+	(void) pv_osc94_format(content, sizeof(content), args->control, args->calc);
+
+	args->display->using_osc94 = true;
+
+	return pv_formatter_segmentcontent(content, args);
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Formatter function for ETA display.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -10,36 +10,46 @@
 #include "pv.h"
 #include "pv-internal.h"

+#include <limits.h>
+

 /*
 * Estimated time until completion.
 */
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_eta(pvformatter_args_t args)
 {
-	char content[128];		 /* flawfinder: ignore - always bounded */
-	long eta;
+	char content[128];		 /* flawfinder: ignore - bounded in pv_snprintf(). */
+	long eta, max_days;

 	content[0] = '\0';

 	/*
 	 * Don't try to calculate this if the size is not known.
 	 */
-	if (args->state->control.size < 1)
+	if (args->control->size < 1)
 		return 0;

 	if (0 == args->buffer_size)
 		return 0;

 	eta =
-	    pv_seconds_remaining((args->state->transfer.transferred - args->display->initial_offset),
-				 args->state->control.size - args->display->initial_offset,
-				 args->state->calc.current_avg_rate);
+	    pv_seconds_remaining((args->transfer->transferred - args->display->initial_offset),
+				 args->control->size - args->display->initial_offset, args->calc->current_avg_rate);

-	/*
-	 * Bounds check, so we don't overrun the suffix buffer.  This means
-	 * the ETA will always be less than 100,000 hours.
-	 */
-	eta = pv_bound_long(eta, 0, (long) 360000000L);
+	/* The ETA must always be positive. */
+	if (eta < 0)
+		eta = 0;
+
+	/* The ETA must be under 1,000,000 days so it's not too wide. */
+	/* If a "long" is 32 bits, only 24,855 days will fit in it. */
+	max_days = 24855L;
+#ifdef LONG_MAX
+	if (LONG_MAX > 2147483647L)
+		max_days = 1000000;
+#endif
+
+	if ((eta / 86400L) >= max_days)
+		eta = max_days * 86400L - 1L;

 	/*
 	 * If the ETA is more than a day, include a day count as well as
@@ -56,7 +66,7 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_eta(pvformatter_args_t args)
 				   sizeof(content),
 				   "%.16s %ld:%02ld:%02ld", _("ETA"), eta / 3600, (eta / 60) % 60, eta % 60);
 	}
-	/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* splint: see above. */
+	/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* splint: false positives from gettext(). */

 	/*
 	 * If this is the final update, show a blank space where the ETA
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 * Formatter function for the local time at which the transfer is expected
 * to complete.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@

 #include <string.h>
 #include <time.h>
+#include <limits.h>


 /*
@@ -20,10 +21,10 @@
 */
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_fineta(pvformatter_args_t args)
 {
-	char content[128];		 /* flawfinder: ignore - always bounded */
+	char content[128];		 /* flawfinder: ignore - bounded by strftime(). */
 	time_t now, then;
-	struct tm *time_ptr;
-	long eta;
+	const struct tm *time_ptr;
+	long eta, max_years;
 	const char *time_format;
 	bool show_fineta;

@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_fineta(pvformatter_args_t args)
 	/*
 	 * Don't try to calculate this if the size is not known.
 	 */
-	if (args->state->control.size < 1)
+	if (args->control->size < 1)
 		return 0;

 	if (0 == args->buffer_size)
@@ -43,16 +44,27 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_fineta(pvformatter_args_t args)
 	time_format = NULL;

 	/*
-	 * The completion clock time may be hidden by a failed localtime
-	 * lookup.
+	 * Note that the completion clock time may be hidden by a failed
+	 * localtime lookup.
 	 */

-	eta = pv_seconds_remaining(args->state->transfer.transferred - args->display->initial_offset,
-				   args->state->control.size - args->display->initial_offset,
-				   args->state->calc.current_avg_rate);
+	eta = pv_seconds_remaining(args->transfer->transferred - args->display->initial_offset,
+				   args->control->size - args->display->initial_offset, args->calc->current_avg_rate);

-	/* Bounds check - see pv_formatter_eta(). */
-	eta = pv_bound_long(eta, 0, (long) 360000000L);
+	/* The ETA must always be positive. */
+	if (eta < 0)
+		eta = 0;
+
+	/* Clamp the ETA to 7,000 years max so the date isn't too wide. */
+	/* If a "long" is 32 bits, only 68 years will fit in it. */
+	max_years = 68;
+#ifdef LONG_MAX
+	if (LONG_MAX > 2147483647L)
+		max_years = 7000;
+#endif
+
+	if ((eta / 31536000L) > max_years)
+		eta = 31536000L * max_years;

 	/*
 	 * Only include the date if the ETA is more than 6 hours
@@ -79,7 +91,7 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_fineta(pvformatter_args_t args)

 		/*@-mustfreefresh@ */
 		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "%.16s ", _("FIN"));
-		/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* splint: see above. */
+		/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* splint: false positive from gettext(). */
 		content_bytes = strlen(content);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 		/* flawfinder: always bounded with \0 by pv_snprintf(). */
 		(void) strftime(content + content_bytes, sizeof(content) - 1 - content_bytes, time_format, &time);
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Formatter function for showing the last bytes written.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Formatter function for showing the name of the transfer.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_name(pvformatter_args_t args)
 	(void) pv_snprintf(string_format, sizeof(string_format), "%%%d.500s:", field_width);

 	content[0] = '\0';
-	if (args->state->control.name) {
-		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), string_format, args->state->control.name);
+	if (NULL != args->control->name) {
+		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), string_format, args->control->name);
 	}

 	return pv_formatter_segmentcontent(content, args);
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Formatter function for the most recently written line.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Formatter functions for progress bars.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
  } \
 }
 /*
- * flawfinder - we are checking that there is room in the destination
- * buffer, given its size and our current offset.
+ * flawfinder - the byte count and offset are checked against the buffer
+ * size before memcpy() is called.
 */


@@ -74,30 +74,28 @@ static pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_progress_knownsize(pvformatter_args_t

 	memset(after_bar, 0, sizeof(after_bar));

-	if (args->state->control.size > 0) {
+	if (args->control->size > 0) {
 		/* Percentage of data transferred. */
-		bar_percentage = (double) (args->state->calc.percentage);
+		bar_percentage = (double) (args->calc->percentage);
 		(void) pv_snprintf(after_bar, sizeof(after_bar), " %3ld%%", (int) bar_percentage);
 	} else {
 		/* Current rate vs max rate. */
 		bar_percentage = 0.0;
-		if (args->state->calc.rate_max > 0) {
-			bar_percentage =
-			    (double) (100.0 * args->state->calc.transfer_rate / args->state->calc.rate_max);
+		if (args->calc->rate_max > 0) {
+			bar_percentage = (double) (100.0 * args->calc->transfer_rate / args->calc->rate_max);
 		}

 		/*@-mustfreefresh@ */
-		if (args->state->control.bits && !args->state->control.linemode) {
-			/* bits per second */
+		if (args->control->bits && !args->control->linemode) {
+			/* Bits per second. */
 			pv_describe_amount(after_bar, sizeof(after_bar), "/%s",
-					   8.0 * args->state->calc.rate_max, "", _("b/s"), args->display->count_type);
+					   8.0 * args->calc->rate_max, "", _("b/s"), args->display->count_type);
 		} else {
-			/* bytes or lines per second */
+			/* Bytes or lines per second. */
 			pv_describe_amount(after_bar, sizeof(after_bar),
-					   "/%s", args->state->calc.rate_max, _("/s"), _("B/s"),
-					   args->display->count_type);
+					   "/%s", args->calc->rate_max, _("/s"), _("B/s"), args->display->count_type);
 		}
-		/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* splint: see above about gettext(). */
+		/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* splint: false positives from gettext(). */
 	}

 	if (!include_amount)
@@ -115,7 +113,7 @@ static pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_progress_knownsize(pvformatter_args_t
 		if (buffer_size < after_bar_bytes)
 			return 0;
 		if (after_bar_bytes > 1) {
-			/* NB we skip the leading space. */
+			/* NB skip the leading space. */
 			memmove(buffer, after_bar + 1, after_bar_bytes - 1);
 			buffer[after_bar_bytes - 1] = '\0';
 			return after_bar_bytes - 1;
@@ -163,7 +161,7 @@ static pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_progress_knownsize(pvformatter_args_t
 		pad_count += style->tip.width;
 	}

-	/* A partial cell, if there are intermediates and we're not at 100%. */
+	/* A partial cell, if below 100% and there are intermediates. */
 	if (pad_count < bar_area_width && full_cell_index > 1 && !has_tip) {
 		double exact_width = (((double) bar_area_width) * bar_percentage) / 100.0;
 		double cell_portion = exact_width - (double) filled_bar_width;
@@ -244,10 +242,10 @@ static pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_progress_unknownsize(pvformatter_args_
 	/*
 	 * Note that pv_calculate_transfer_rate() sets the percentage when
 	 * the size is unknown to a value that goes 0 - 200 and resets, so
-	 * here we make values above 100 send the indicator back down again,
-	 * so it moves back and forth.
+	 * here this is used make values above 100 send the indicator back
+	 * down again, so it moves back and forth.
 	 */
-	indicator_position = args->state->calc.percentage;
+	indicator_position = args->calc->percentage;
 	if (indicator_position > 200.0)
 #if HAVE_FMOD
 		indicator_position = fmod(indicator_position, 200.0);
@@ -316,19 +314,19 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_progress(pvformatter_args_t args)

 	if (0 == args->segment->parameter) {
 		const char *default_name;
-		default_name = args->state->control.default_bar_style;
+		default_name = args->control->default_bar_style;
 		/*@-branchstate@ */
 		if (NULL == default_name)
 			default_name = "plain";
 		/*@+branchstate@ */
-		/* splint - it doesn't matter that default_name may be static */
+		/* splint - it doesn't matter that default_name may be static. */
 		args->segment->parameter = 1 + pv_display_barstyle_index(args, default_name);
 	}

 	if (0 == args->buffer_size)
 		return 0;

-	if (args->state->control.size > 0 || args->state->control.rate_gauge) {
+	if (args->control->size > 0 || args->control->rate_gauge) {
 		/* Known size or rate gauge - bar with percentage. */
 		bytes = pv_formatter_progress_knownsize(args, content, sizeof(content), true, true, true);
 	} else {
@@ -354,19 +352,19 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_progress_bar_only(pvformatter_args_t args)

 	if (0 == args->segment->parameter) {
 		const char *default_name;
-		default_name = args->state->control.default_bar_style;
+		default_name = args->control->default_bar_style;
 		/*@-branchstate@ */
 		if (NULL == default_name)
 			default_name = "plain";
 		/*@+branchstate@ */
-		/* splint - it doesn't matter that default_name may be static */
+		/* splint - it doesn't matter that default_name may be static. */
 		args->segment->parameter = 1 + pv_display_barstyle_index(args, default_name);
 	}

 	if (0 == args->buffer_size)
 		return 0;

-	if (args->state->control.size > 0 || args->state->control.rate_gauge) {
+	if (args->control->size > 0 || args->control->rate_gauge) {
 		/* Known size or rate gauge - bar with percentage. */
 		bytes = pv_formatter_progress_knownsize(args, content, sizeof(content), false, true, false);
 	} else {
@@ -393,12 +391,12 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_progress_amount_only(pvformatter_args_t args)
 	if (0 == args->buffer_size)
 		return 0;

-	if (args->state->control.numeric) {
+	if (args->control->numeric) {
 		/* Numeric mode - percentage as a rounded integer with no suffix. */
-		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "%.0f", args->state->calc.percentage);
+		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "%.0f", args->calc->percentage);
 		bytes = strlen(content);    /* flawfinder: ignore */
 		/* flawfinder: always \0-terminated by pv_snprintf() and the earlier memset(). */
-	} else if (args->state->control.size > 0 || args->state->control.rate_gauge) {
+	} else if (args->control->size > 0 || args->control->rate_gauge) {
 		/* Known size or rate gauge - percentage or rate. */
 		bytes = pv_formatter_progress_knownsize(args, content, sizeof(content), false, false, true);
 	} else {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Formatter function for the current rate of transfer.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -26,22 +26,20 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_rate(pvformatter_args_t args)
 		return 0;

 	/*@-mustfreefresh@ */
-	if (args->state->control.numeric) {
-		/* numeric - raw value without suffix. */
+	if (args->control->numeric) {
+		/* Numeric - raw value without suffix. */
 		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content),
-				   "%.4Lf",
-				   ((args->state->control.bits ? 8.0 : 1.0) * args->state->calc.transfer_rate));
-	} else if (args->state->control.bits && !args->state->control.linemode) {
-		/* bits per second */
+				   "%.4Lf", ((args->control->bits ? 8.0 : 1.0) * args->calc->transfer_rate));
+	} else if (args->control->bits && !args->control->linemode) {
+		/* Bits per second. */
 		pv_describe_amount(content, sizeof(content), "[%s]",
-				   8 * args->state->calc.transfer_rate, "", _("b/s"), args->display->count_type);
+				   8 * args->calc->transfer_rate, "", _("b/s"), args->display->count_type);
 	} else {
-		/* bytes or lines per second */
+		/* Bytes or lines per second. */
 		pv_describe_amount(content, sizeof(content),
-				   "[%s]", args->state->calc.transfer_rate, _("/s"), _("B/s"),
-				   args->display->count_type);
+				   "[%s]", args->calc->transfer_rate, _("/s"), _("B/s"), args->display->count_type);
 	}
-	/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* splint: see above. */
+	/*@+mustfreefresh@ *//* splint - false positives from gettext(). */

 	return pv_formatter_segmentcontent(content, args);
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Formatter function for ratio of bytes transferred by the other monitored
+ * side to bytes transferred by this side.
+ *
+ * Copyright 2026 Andrew Wood
+ *
+ * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
+ */
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "pv.h"
+#include "pv-internal.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * Ratio of bytes or lines transferred by the other monitored side ("-M
+ * both") to the bytes or lines transferred by this side.
+ */
+pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_ratio(pvformatter_args_t args)
+{
+	char content[128];		 /* flawfinder: ignore - always bounded */
+
+	args->display->showing_ratio = true;
+
+	if (0 == args->buffer_size)
+		return 0;
+
+	content[0] = '\0';
+
+	if (0 == args->transfer->otherside_transferred || 0 == args->transfer->transferred) {
+		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "%s:%s", "-", "-");
+	} else if (args->transfer->otherside_transferred == args->transfer->transferred) {
+		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "%d:%d", 1, 1);
+	} else {
+		long double side1, side2, ratio;
+
+		side1 = (long double) (args->transfer->otherside_transferred);
+		side2 = (long double) (args->transfer->transferred);
+
+		if (side1 > side2) {
+			ratio = side1 / side2;
+			(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "%.4Lg:%d", ratio, 1);
+		} else {
+			ratio = side2 / side1;
+			(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "%d:%.4Lg", 1, ratio);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return pv_formatter_segmentcontent(content, args);
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Formatter function for ECMA-48 SGR codes.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ struct sgr_keyword_map_s {
 		{ "bg-default", 0, 49 },
 		{ NULL, 0, 0 }
 	};
-	int keyword_index;

 	/* Calculate the lengths of each keyword on the first call. */
 	if (0 == keywords[0].bytes) {
+		int keyword_index;
 		for (keyword_index = 0; NULL != keywords[keyword_index].keyword; keyword_index++) {
 			keywords[keyword_index].bytes = strlen(keywords[keyword_index].keyword);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 			/* flawfinder - strlen() on a static null-terminated string is OK. */
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ struct sgr_keyword_map_s {
 	return keywords;
 	/*@+compmempass@ */
 	/*
-	 * splint - found no other way to pass static back without a false
+	 * splint - no other way to pass static back without a false
 	 * positive warning about a memory leak.
 	 */
 }
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_sgr(pvformatter_args_t args)
 {
 	/*@keep@ */ static struct sgr_keyword_map_s *keywords;
 	char content[1024];		 /* flawfinder: ignore */
+	size_t content_buffer_size = sizeof(content);
 	pvdisplay_bytecount_t write_position, read_position, keyword_start, keyword_length;
 	int numeric_value, code_count, most_recent_code;

@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_sgr(pvformatter_args_t args)

 	args->display->format_uses_colour = true;

-	if (!args->state->control.can_display_colour)
+	if (!args->status->terminal_supports_colour)
 		return 0;
 	if (NULL == args->segment->string_parameter)
 		return 0;
@@ -175,23 +176,26 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_sgr(pvformatter_args_t args)
 			debug("code=%d", code);

 			if (code >= 0) {
-				if (code_count > 15) {
+				if (code_count > 15 && write_position < content_buffer_size) {
 					write_position +=
 					    pv_snprintf(content + write_position, sizeof(content) - write_position,
 							"%s", "m");
 					code_count = 0;
 				}
-				if (0 == code_count) {
+				if (0 == code_count && write_position < content_buffer_size) {
 					write_position +=
 					    pv_snprintf(content + write_position, sizeof(content) - write_position,
 							"%s", "\033[");
-				} else {
+				} else if (write_position < content_buffer_size) {
 					write_position +=
 					    pv_snprintf(content + write_position, sizeof(content) - write_position,
 							"%s", ";");
 				}
-				write_position +=
-				    pv_snprintf(content + write_position, sizeof(content) - write_position, "%d", code);
+				if (write_position < content_buffer_size) {
+					write_position +=
+					    pv_snprintf(content + write_position, sizeof(content) - write_position,
+							"%d", code);
+				}
 				code_count++;
 				most_recent_code = code;
 			}
@@ -201,7 +205,7 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_sgr(pvformatter_args_t args)
 		}
 	}

-	if (code_count > 0)
+	if (code_count > 0 && write_position < content_buffer_size)
 		write_position += pv_snprintf(content + write_position, sizeof(content) - write_position, "%s", "m");

 	if (most_recent_code > 0) {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Formatter function for the elapsed transfer time.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 */
 pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_timer(pvformatter_args_t args)
 {
-	char content[128];		 /* flawfinder: ignore - always bounded */
+	char content[128];		 /* flawfinder: ignore - bounded with pv_snprintf(). */
+	long double elapsed_seconds;

 	args->display->showing_timer = true;

@@ -25,22 +26,27 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_timer(pvformatter_args_t args)
 	if (0 == args->buffer_size)
 		return 0;

-	/*
-	 * Bounds check, so we don't overrun the prefix buffer.  This does
-	 * mean that the timer will stop at a 100,000 hours, but since
-	 * that's 11 years, it shouldn't be a problem.
-	 */
-	if (args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds > (long double) 360000000.0L)
-		args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds = (long double) 360000000.0L;
+	elapsed_seconds = args->transfer->elapsed_seconds;

-	/* Also check it's not negative. */
-	if (args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds < 0.0)
-		args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds = 0.0;
+	/* The timer must always be positive. */
+	if (elapsed_seconds < 0.0L)
+		elapsed_seconds = 0.0L;

-	if (args->state->control.numeric) {
+	if (args->control->numeric) {
 		/* Numeric mode - show the number of seconds, unformatted. */
-		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "%.4Lf", args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds);
-	} else if (args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds > (long double) 86400.0L) {
+		(void) pv_snprintf(content, sizeof(content), "%.4Lf", elapsed_seconds);
+	} else if (elapsed_seconds > (long double) (999999.999999L * 86400.0L)) {
+		/*
+		 * At a million days, the timer would be too wide, so avoid
+		 * an overflow.
+		 */
+		(void) pv_snprintf(content,
+				   sizeof(content),
+				   "%s:%02ld:%02ld:%02ld",
+				   ">=1e6",
+				   (((long) (elapsed_seconds)) / 3600) %
+				   24, (((long) (elapsed_seconds)) / 60) % 60, ((long) (elapsed_seconds)) % 60);
+	} else if (elapsed_seconds > (long double) 86400.0L) {
 		/*
 		 * If the elapsed time is more than a day, include a day count as
 		 * well as hours, minutes, and seconds.
@@ -48,17 +54,15 @@ pvdisplay_bytecount_t pv_formatter_timer(pvformatter_args_t args)
 		(void) pv_snprintf(content,
 				   sizeof(content),
 				   "%ld:%02ld:%02ld:%02ld",
-				   ((long) (args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds)) / 86400,
-				   (((long) (args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds)) / 3600) %
-				   24, (((long) (args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds)) / 60) % 60,
-				   ((long) (args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds)) % 60);
+				   ((long) (elapsed_seconds)) / 86400,
+				   (((long) (elapsed_seconds)) / 3600) %
+				   24, (((long) (elapsed_seconds)) / 60) % 60, ((long) (elapsed_seconds)) % 60);
 	} else {
 		(void) pv_snprintf(content,
 				   sizeof(content),
 				   "%ld:%02ld:%02ld",
-				   ((long) (args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds)) / 3600,
-				   (((long) (args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds)) / 60) % 60,
-				   ((long) (args->state->transfer.elapsed_seconds)) % 60);
+				   ((long) (elapsed_seconds)) / 3600,
+				   (((long) (elapsed_seconds)) / 60) % 60, ((long) (elapsed_seconds)) % 60);
 	}

 	return pv_formatter_segmentcontent(content, args);
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Functions for converting strings to numbers.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -29,8 +29,11 @@ bool pv_isdigit(char c)
 * a fractional part, optionally followed by a units suffix such as "K" for
 * kibibytes.  If "decimal_units" is true, suffixes are interpreted as
 * multiples of 1000, rather than multiples of 1024.
+ *
+ * If resultptr is not NULL, it is populated with the result as a long
+ * double.
 */
-off_t pv_getnum_size(const char *str, bool decimal_units)
+off_t pv_getnum_size(const char *str, bool decimal_units, /*@null@ */ long double *resultptr)
 {
 	off_t integral_part = 0;
 	off_t fractional_part = 0;
@@ -39,8 +42,11 @@ off_t pv_getnum_size(const char *str, bool decimal_units)
 	off_t decimal_multiplier = 0;
 	size_t readpos = 0;

-	if (NULL == str)
+	if (NULL == str) {
+		if (NULL != resultptr)
+			*resultptr = 0.0;
 		return (off_t) 0;
+	}

 	/* Skip any non-numeric leading characters. */
 	while (str[readpos] != '\0' && (!pv_isdigit(str[readpos])))
@@ -59,9 +65,9 @@ off_t pv_getnum_size(const char *str, bool decimal_units)
 	 * If the next character is a decimal mark, skip over it and parse
 	 * the following digits as the fractional part of the number.
 	 *
-	 * Note that we hard-code the decimal mark as '.' or ',' so this
-	 * will fail if there are any locales whose decimal mark is not one
-	 * of those two characters.
+	 * Note that the decimal mark is hard-coded as being either '.' or
+	 * ',' so this will fail if there are any locales whose decimal mark
+	 * is not one of those two characters.
 	 */
 	if (('.' == str[readpos]) || (',' == str[readpos])) {
 		readpos++;
@@ -110,8 +116,9 @@ off_t pv_getnum_size(const char *str, bool decimal_units)
 	}

 	/*
-	 * If decimal_units is false, zero decimal_multiplier; if true, zero
-	 * binary_shift.  This is so we only do one or the other.
+	 * If decimal_units is true, set binary_shift to zero; if false, set
+	 * decimal_multiplier to zero.  This is so that only one of the two
+	 * multipliers can be active.
 	 */
 	if (decimal_units) {
 		binary_shift = 0;
@@ -133,9 +140,8 @@ off_t pv_getnum_size(const char *str, bool decimal_units)

 		/*@-shiftimplementation@ */
 		/*
-		 * splint note: ignore the fact that the types we are
-		 * shifting are signed, because we know they are definitely
-		 * not negative.
+		 * splint note: ignore the fact that the types being shifted
+		 * are signed, because they are definitely not negative.
 		 */
 		integral_part = (off_t) (integral_part << shiftby);
 		fractional_part = (off_t) (fractional_part << shiftby);
@@ -154,13 +160,21 @@ off_t pv_getnum_size(const char *str, bool decimal_units)

 	/*
 	 * Add the fractional part, divided by its divisor, to the integral
-	 * part, now that we've multiplied everything by the appropriate
-	 * units.
+	 * part, now that the multiplier for the units has been applied.
 	 */
+	if (NULL != resultptr) {
+		*resultptr = ((long double) fractional_part) / (long double) fractional_divisor;
+		*resultptr += (long double) integral_part;
+	}
 	fractional_part = fractional_part / fractional_divisor;
 	integral_part += fractional_part;

-	debug("%s [%s] = %ld", str, decimal_units ? "decimal" : "binary", integral_part);
+	if (NULL != resultptr) {
+		debug("%s [%s] = %lld = %Lf", str, decimal_units ? "decimal" : "binary", (long long) integral_part,
+		      *resultptr);
+	} else {
+		debug("%s [%s] = %lld", str, decimal_units ? "decimal" : "binary", (long long) integral_part);
+	}

 	return integral_part;
 }
@@ -212,7 +226,7 @@ double pv_getnum_interval(const char *str)
 */
 unsigned int pv_getnum_count(const char *str, bool decimal_units)
 {
-	return (unsigned int) pv_getnum_size(str, decimal_units);
+	return (unsigned int) pv_getnum_size(str, decimal_units, NULL);
 }


@@ -260,7 +274,7 @@ bool pv_getnum_check(const char *str, pv_numtype type)
 	while ((' ' == str[0]) || ('\t' == str[0]))
 		str++;

-	/* Check the units suffix is one we know about. */
+	/* Check the units suffix is known. */
 	switch (str[0]) {
 	case 'k':
 	case 'K':
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Functions for setting the process title.
 *
- * Copyright 2024-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2024-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ static size_t space_available = 0;


 /*
- * Assuming the environment comes after the command line arguments, we make
- * a duplicate of the environment array and all its values, so we can use
- * the space the environment used to occupy for the process title.
+ * Assuming the environment comes after the command line arguments, make a
+ * duplicate of the environment array and all its values, to allow the
+ * process title to use the space the environment used to occupy.
 *
 * The logic for this was derived from util-linux-ng.
 */
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ void initproctitle(int argc, char **argv)
 	size_t env_array_size, env_index;

 	/* Find the number of entries in the environment array. */
-	for (env_array_size = 0; environ[env_array_size] != NULL; env_array_size++)
-		continue;
+	for (env_array_size = 0; environ[env_array_size] != NULL; env_array_size++);

 	/* Allocate a new environment array. */
 	new_environment = (char **) malloc(sizeof(char *) * (env_array_size + 1));
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ void initproctitle(int argc, char **argv)

 	base_argv = argv;

-	/* Work out how much room we have. */
+	/* Work out how much room is available. */
 	if (env_index > 0) {
 		/* From argv[0] to the end of the last environment value. */
 		space_available = (size_t)
@@ -65,9 +64,8 @@ void initproctitle(int argc, char **argv)
 	}

 	/*
-	 * flawfinder - we have to trust that the environment and argument
-	 * strings are null-terminated, since that's what the OS is supposed
-	 * to guarantee.
+	 * flawfinder - the OS is supposed to guarantee that the environment
+	 * and argument strings are null-terminated.
 	 */

 	environ = new_environment;
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@ void setproctitle(const char *format, ...)
 	size_t length;
 	va_list ap;

-	/* flawfinder - buffer is zeroed and users of it are bounded. */
+	/* flawfinder - buffer is zeroed and calls using it are bounded. */

 	if (NULL == base_argv)
 		return;
@@ -105,12 +103,12 @@ void setproctitle(const char *format, ...)
 	 */

 	length = strlen(title);		    /* flawfinder: ignore */
-	/* flawfinder - we left a byte at the end to force null-termination. */
+	/* flawfinder - a byte was left at the end to force null-termination. */

 	if (length > space_available - 2)
 		length = space_available - 2;

-	(void) pv_snprintf(base_argv[0], space_available, "%s -- %s", PACKAGE_NAME, title);
+	(void) pv_snprintf(base_argv[0], space_available, "%s", title);
 	if (space_available > length)
 		memset(base_argv[0] + length, 0, space_available - length);
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,682 @@
+/*
+ * Remote-control and remote-query functions.
+ *
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
+ *
+ * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
+ */
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "pv.h"
+#include "pv-internal.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#ifdef PV_REMOTE_CONTROL
+
+/* Structure for transferring settings with --remote. */
+struct remote_msg {
+	bool progress;			 /* progress bar flag */
+	bool timer;			 /* timer flag */
+	bool eta;			 /* ETA flag */
+	bool fineta;			 /* absolute ETA flag */
+	bool rate;			 /* rate counter flag */
+	bool average_rate;		 /* average rate counter flag */
+	bool bytes;			 /* bytes transferred flag */
+	bool bufpercent;		 /* transfer buffer percentage flag */
+	size_t lastwritten;		 /* last-written bytes count */
+	long double rate_limit;		 /* rate limit, in bytes per second */
+	size_t buffer_size;		 /* buffer size, in bytes (0=default) */
+	off_t size;			 /* total size of data */
+	double interval;		 /* interval between updates */
+	unsigned int width;		 /* screen width */
+	unsigned int height;		 /* screen height */
+	bool width_set_manually;	 /* width was set manually, not detected */
+	bool height_set_manually;	 /* height was set manually, not detected */
+	bool rate_limit_specified;	 /* whether a rate limit value was set */
+	bool rate_limit_active;		 /* whether rate limiting is in effect (>0) */
+	char name[256];			 /* flawfinder: ignore */
+	char format[256];		 /* flawfinder: ignore */
+	char extra_display[256];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
+};
+
+/* Structure for transferring transfer state with --query. */
+struct query_msg {
+	long double elapsed_seconds;	 /* from state.transfer */
+	off_t transferred;		 /* from state.transfer */
+	off_t size;			 /* from state.control */
+	bool response;			 /* true if this is the response signal. */
+};
+
+/*
+ * flawfinder rationale: name, format, and extra_display are always
+ * explicitly zeroed and bounded to one less than their size so they are
+ * always \0 terminated.
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * Set the options of a remote process by writing them to a file, sending a
+ * signal to the receiving process, and waiting for the message to be
+ * consumed by the remote process.
+ *
+ * Returns nonzero on error.
+ */
+int pv_remote_set(pvstate_t state, pid_t remote)
+{
+	char control_filename[4096];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
+	FILE *control_fptr;
+	struct remote_msg msgbuf;
+	pid_t signal_sender;
+	long timeout;
+	bool received;
+
+	/*
+	 * flawfinder rationale: buffer is large enough, explicitly zeroed,
+	 * and always bounded properly as we are only writing to it with
+	 * pv_snprintf().
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that the remote process exists.
+	 */
+	if (kill((pid_t) (remote), 0) != 0) {
+		pv_perror("%s %u", _("pid"), remote);
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy parameters into message buffer.
+	 */
+	memset(&msgbuf, 0, sizeof(msgbuf));
+	msgbuf.progress = state->control.format_option.progress;
+	msgbuf.timer = state->control.format_option.timer;
+	msgbuf.eta = state->control.format_option.eta;
+	msgbuf.fineta = state->control.format_option.fineta;
+	msgbuf.rate = state->control.format_option.rate;
+	msgbuf.average_rate = state->control.format_option.average_rate;
+	msgbuf.bytes = state->control.format_option.bytes;
+	msgbuf.bufpercent = state->control.format_option.bufpercent;
+	msgbuf.lastwritten = state->control.format_option.lastwritten;
+	msgbuf.rate_limit = state->control.rate_limit;
+	msgbuf.rate_limit_specified = state->control.rate_limit_specified;
+	msgbuf.rate_limit_active = state->control.rate_limit_active;
+	msgbuf.buffer_size = state->control.target_buffer_size;
+	msgbuf.size = state->control.size;
+	msgbuf.interval = state->control.interval;
+	msgbuf.width = (unsigned int) (state->control.width);
+	msgbuf.height = (unsigned int) (state->control.height);
+	msgbuf.width_set_manually = state->control.width_set_manually;
+	msgbuf.height_set_manually = state->control.height_set_manually;
+
+	if (state->control.name != NULL) {
+		strncpy(msgbuf.name, state->control.name, sizeof(msgbuf.name) - 1);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+	}
+	if (state->control.format_string != NULL) {
+		strncpy(msgbuf.format, state->control.format_string, sizeof(msgbuf.format) - 1);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+	}
+	if (state->control.extra_display_spec != NULL) {
+		strncpy(msgbuf.extra_display, state->control.extra_display_spec, sizeof(msgbuf.extra_display) - 1);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure parameters are within sensible bounds.
+	 */
+	if (msgbuf.width < 1)
+		msgbuf.width = 80;
+	if (msgbuf.height < 1)
+		msgbuf.height = 25;
+	if (msgbuf.width > 999999)
+		msgbuf.width = 999999;
+	if (msgbuf.height > 999999)
+		msgbuf.height = 999999;
+	if ((msgbuf.interval > 0) && (msgbuf.interval < 0.1))
+		msgbuf.interval = 0.1;
+	if (msgbuf.interval > 600)
+		msgbuf.interval = 600;
+
+	/*
+	 * flawfinder rationale: name, format, and extra_display are
+	 * explicitly bounded to 1 less than the size of their buffer and
+	 * the buffer is \0 terminated by memset() earlier.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * Get the filename and file stream to use for remote control.
+	 */
+	memset(control_filename, 0, sizeof(control_filename));
+	control_fptr = pv_open_controlfile(control_filename, sizeof(control_filename), (pid_t) getpid(), SIGUSR2, true);
+	if (NULL == control_fptr) {
+		pv_perror("%s", control_filename);
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Write the message buffer to the remote control file, and close
+	 * it.
+	 */
+	if (1 != fwrite(&msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), 1, control_fptr)) {
+		pv_perror("%s", control_filename);
+		(void) fclose(control_fptr);
+		(void) remove(control_filename);
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+	}
+
+	if (0 != fclose(control_fptr)) {
+		pv_perror("%s", control_filename);
+		(void) remove(control_filename);
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Clear this process's "SIGUSR2 received" flag, and then send a
+	 * SIGUSR2 signal to the remote process, to tell it a message is
+	 * ready to read.
+	 */
+	signal_sender = 0;
+	(void) pv_sigusr2_received(state, &signal_sender);
+	if (kill((pid_t) (remote), SIGUSR2) != 0) {
+		pv_perror("%s %u", _("pid"), remote);
+		(void) remove(control_filename);
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+	}
+
+	debug("%s", "message sent");
+
+	/*
+	 * Wait for a signal from the remote process to say it has received
+	 * the message.
+	 */
+
+	timeout = 1100000;
+	received = false;
+
+	while (timeout > 10000 && !received) {
+		struct timeval tv;
+
+		memset(&tv, 0, sizeof(tv));
+		tv.tv_sec = 0;
+		tv.tv_usec = 10000;
+		/*@-nullpass@ *//* splint: NULL is OK with select() */
+		(void) select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
+		/*@+nullpass@ */
+		timeout -= 10000;
+
+		if (pv_sigusr2_received(state, &signal_sender)) {
+			if (signal_sender == remote) {
+				debug("%s", "message received");
+				received = true;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Remove the remote control file.
+	 */
+	debug("%s: %s", "removing", control_filename);
+	if (0 != remove(control_filename)) {
+		pv_perror("%s", control_filename);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Return 0 if the message was received.
+	 */
+	if (received)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*@-mustfreefresh@ */
+	/*
+	 * splint note: the gettext calls made by _() cause memory leak
+	 * warnings, but in this case it's unavoidable, and mitigated by the
+	 * fact that each string is only translated once.
+	 */
+	pv_error("%u: %s", remote, _("message not received"));
+	return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+	/*@+mustfreefresh @ */
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Check for a --remote message (SIGUSR2), returning false if none was
+ * found.
+ *
+ * If a message was received, update the current process's options with the
+ * ones in the message.
+ *
+ * Note that this relies on pv_state_set_format_options() causing the output
+ * format to be reparsed.
+ */
+static bool pv__rxsignal_usr2(pvstate_t state)
+{
+	pid_t signal_sender;
+	char control_filename[4096];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
+	FILE *control_fptr;
+	struct remote_msg msgbuf;
+	pvformatoptions_s format_options;
+
+	/* flawfinder rationale: as above. */
+
+	/*
+	 * Return early if a SIGUSR2 signal has not been received.
+	 */
+	signal_sender = 0;
+	if (!pv_sigusr2_received(state, &signal_sender))
+		return false;
+
+	memset(control_filename, 0, sizeof(control_filename));
+	control_fptr = pv_open_controlfile(control_filename, sizeof(control_filename), signal_sender, SIGUSR2, false);
+	if (NULL == control_fptr) {
+		pv_perror("%s", control_filename);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Read the message buffer from the remote control file, and close
+	 * it.
+	 */
+	if (1 != fread(&msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), 1, control_fptr)) {
+		pv_perror("%s", control_filename);
+		(void) fclose(control_fptr);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (0 != fclose(control_fptr)) {
+		pv_perror("%s", control_filename);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Send a SIGUSR2 signal to the sending process, to tell it the
+	 * message has been received.
+	 */
+	if (kill(signal_sender, SIGUSR2) != 0) {
+		debug("%u: %s", signal_sender, strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	debug("%s", "received remote control message");
+
+	pv_state_format_string_set(state, NULL);
+	pv_state_name_set(state, NULL);
+	pv_state_extra_display_set(state, NULL);
+
+	msgbuf.name[sizeof(msgbuf.name) - 1] = '\0';
+	msgbuf.format[sizeof(msgbuf.format) - 1] = '\0';
+	msgbuf.extra_display[sizeof(msgbuf.extra_display) - 1] = '\0';
+
+	pv_state_name_set(state, '\0' == msgbuf.name[0] ? NULL : msgbuf.name);
+
+	format_options.progress = msgbuf.progress;
+	format_options.timer = msgbuf.timer;
+	format_options.eta = msgbuf.eta;
+	format_options.fineta = msgbuf.fineta;
+	format_options.rate = msgbuf.rate;
+	format_options.average_rate = msgbuf.average_rate;
+	format_options.bytes = msgbuf.bytes;
+	format_options.bufpercent = msgbuf.bufpercent;
+	format_options.lastwritten = msgbuf.lastwritten;
+
+	pv_state_set_format_options(state, format_options);
+
+	if (msgbuf.rate_limit_specified)
+		pv_state_rate_limit_set(state, msgbuf.rate_limit, msgbuf.rate_limit_specified,
+					msgbuf.rate_limit_active);
+	if (msgbuf.buffer_size > 0) {
+		pv_state_target_buffer_size_set(state, msgbuf.buffer_size);
+	}
+	if (msgbuf.size > 0)
+		pv_state_size_set(state, msgbuf.size);
+	if (msgbuf.interval > 0)
+		pv_state_interval_set(state, msgbuf.interval);
+	if (msgbuf.width > 0 && msgbuf.width_set_manually)
+		pv_state_width_set(state, msgbuf.width, msgbuf.width_set_manually);
+	if (msgbuf.height > 0 && msgbuf.height_set_manually)
+		pv_state_height_set(state, msgbuf.height, msgbuf.height_set_manually);
+	if (msgbuf.format[0] != '\0')
+		pv_state_format_string_set(state, msgbuf.format);
+	if (msgbuf.extra_display[0] != '\0')
+		pv_state_extra_display_set(state, msgbuf.extra_display);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Check for a --query message (SIGUSR1).
+ *
+ * If a type 0 message was received (query), then write a type 1 message
+ * (response) to the control file and send a SIGUSR1 to the sending process.
+ *
+ * If a type 1 message was received (response), update the state from the
+ * message in the control file.
+ *
+ * In both cases, the receiver of the message deletes its control file.
+ *
+ * The state transferred by message is transfer.elapsed_seconds,
+ * transfer.transferred, and control.size.
+ *
+ * Returns true if a signal was received and dealt with, false otherwise.
+ *
+ * If match_sender is not zero, then ignores the signal and returns false if
+ * the sending PID is not match_sender.
+ */
+static bool pv__rxsignal_usr1(pvstate_t state, pid_t match_sender)
+{
+	pid_t signal_sender;
+	char control_filename[4096];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
+	FILE *control_fptr;
+	struct query_msg msgbuf;
+
+	/* flawfinder rationale: as above. */
+
+	/*
+	 * Return early if a SIGUSR1 signal has not been received.
+	 */
+	signal_sender = 0;
+	if (!pv_sigusr1_received(state, &signal_sender))
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * If match_sender was specified, ignore the signal if the sender
+	 * doesn't match.
+	 */
+	if ((0 != match_sender) && (signal_sender != match_sender)) {
+		debug("%s=%d, %s=%d - %s", "match_sender", match_sender, "signal_sender", signal_sender,
+		      "ignoring USR1");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Note that errors are only reported with debug() rather than
+	 * pv_error() here so that the display of a running pv doesn't get
+	 * interrupted by, for example, a querying pv being terminated.
+	 */
+
+	memset(control_filename, 0, sizeof(control_filename));
+	control_fptr = pv_open_controlfile(control_filename, sizeof(control_filename), signal_sender, SIGUSR1, false);
+	if (NULL == control_fptr) {
+		debug("%s: %s", control_filename, strerror(errno));
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Read the message buffer from the remote control file, close it,
+	 * and delete it.
+	 */
+	if (1 != fread(&msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), 1, control_fptr)) {
+		debug("fread: %s", strerror(errno));
+		(void) fclose(control_fptr);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (0 != fclose(control_fptr)) {
+		debug("fclose: %s", strerror(errno));
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	debug("%s: %s", "removing", control_filename);
+	if (0 != remove(control_filename)) {
+		debug("remove: %s", strerror(errno));
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (msgbuf.response) {
+		/* Response message - update local state. */
+		debug("%s: %d [%Lg, %ld, %ld]", "query response received", signal_sender, msgbuf.elapsed_seconds,
+		      msgbuf.transferred, msgbuf.size);
+		state->transfer.elapsed_seconds = msgbuf.elapsed_seconds;
+		state->transfer.transferred = msgbuf.transferred;
+		state->control.size = msgbuf.size;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* Query message - transmit state to sender. */
+
+	debug("%s: %d", "query received", signal_sender);
+
+	msgbuf.elapsed_seconds = state->transfer.elapsed_seconds;
+	msgbuf.transferred = state->transfer.transferred;
+	msgbuf.size = state->control.size;
+	msgbuf.response = true;
+
+	memset(control_filename, 0, sizeof(control_filename));
+	control_fptr = pv_open_controlfile(control_filename, sizeof(control_filename), (pid_t) getpid(), SIGUSR1, true);
+	if (NULL == control_fptr) {
+		debug("%s", strerror(errno));
+		return true;		    /* true since the signal was received. */
+	}
+
+	if (1 != fwrite(&msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), 1, control_fptr)) {
+		debug("fwrite: %s", strerror(errno));
+		(void) fclose(control_fptr);
+		(void) remove(control_filename);
+		return true;		    /* as above. */
+	}
+
+	if (0 != fclose(control_fptr)) {
+		debug("fclose: %s", strerror(errno));
+		(void) remove(control_filename);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Send a SIGUSR1 signal to the remote process, to tell it this
+	 * query response message is ready to read.
+	 */
+	if (kill((pid_t) (signal_sender), SIGUSR1) != 0) {
+		debug("%u: %s", signal_sender, strerror(errno));
+		(void) remove(control_filename);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	debug("%s: %d", "query response sent", signal_sender);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Check for remote control messages.  For a SIGUSR2 (--remote), replace the
+ * current process's options with those being passed in.  For a SIGUSR1
+ * (--query), either receive transfer state from the sending process, or
+ * send the current transfer state to the sending process, depending on the
+ * content of the message.
+ *
+ * NB --remote relies on pv_state_set_format_options() causing the output
+ * format to be reparsed.
+ *
+ * Returns true if a --remote message was received, false otherwise.
+ */
+bool pv_remote_check(pvstate_t state)
+{
+	bool received_remote;
+
+	received_remote = pv__rxsignal_usr2(state);
+	(void) pv__rxsignal_usr1(state, 0);
+
+	return received_remote;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Replace the transfer state with that of the given process, including the
+ * total transfer size.  If sizeptr is not NULL, the size is also copied to
+ * *sizeptr (this is so a caller can get the size without knowing the
+ * structure of pvstate_t).
+ *
+ * Returns nonzero on error.  If "silent" is false, reports the error.
+ */
+int pv_remote_transferstate_fetch(pvstate_t state, pid_t query, /*@null@ */ off_t *sizeptr, bool silent)
+{
+	char control_filename[4096];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
+	FILE *control_fptr;
+	struct query_msg msgbuf;
+	pid_t signal_sender;
+	long timeout;
+	bool received;
+
+	/*
+	 * flawfinder rationale: buffer is large enough, explicitly zeroed,
+	 * and always bounded properly, as only pv_snprintf() writes to it.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that the remote process exists.
+	 */
+	if (kill((pid_t) (query), 0) != 0) {
+		if (!silent)
+			pv_perror("%s %u", _("pid"), query);
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+	}
+
+	/* Set up the query message. */
+	memset(&msgbuf, 0, sizeof(msgbuf));
+	msgbuf.response = false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Get the filename and file stream to use.
+	 */
+	memset(control_filename, 0, sizeof(control_filename));
+	control_fptr = pv_open_controlfile(control_filename, sizeof(control_filename), (pid_t) getpid(), SIGUSR1, true);
+	if (NULL == control_fptr) {
+		if (!silent)
+			pv_perror("%s", control_filename);
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Write the message to the control file, and close it.
+	 */
+	if (1 != fwrite(&msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), 1, control_fptr)) {
+		if (!silent)
+			pv_perror("%s", control_filename);
+		(void) fclose(control_fptr);
+		(void) remove(control_filename);
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+	}
+
+	if (0 != fclose(control_fptr)) {
+		if (!silent)
+			pv_perror("%s", control_filename);
+		(void) remove(control_filename);
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Clear this process's "SIGUSR1 received" flag and send a SIGUSR1
+	 * signal to the remote process, to tell it a query message is
+	 * ready.
+	 */
+	signal_sender = 0;
+	(void) pv_sigusr1_received(state, &signal_sender);
+	if (kill((pid_t) (query), SIGUSR1) != 0) {
+		if (!silent)
+			pv_perror("%s %u", _("pid"), query);
+		(void) remove(control_filename);
+		return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+	}
+
+	debug("%s: %d", "query sent", query);
+
+	/*
+	 * Wait for a SIGUSR1 signal to be sent back with a query response
+	 * message.
+	 */
+
+	timeout = 1100000;
+	received = false;
+
+	while (timeout > 10000 && !received && 0 == state->flags.trigger_exit) {
+		struct timeval tv;
+
+		memset(&tv, 0, sizeof(tv));
+		tv.tv_sec = 0;
+		tv.tv_usec = 10000;
+		/*@-nullpass@ *//* splint: NULL is OK with select() */
+		(void) select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
+		/*@+nullpass@ */
+		timeout -= 10000;
+
+		if (pv__rxsignal_usr1(state, query)) {
+			debug("%s", "response received");
+			received = true;
+			if (NULL != sizeptr)
+				*sizeptr = state->control.size;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Remove the control file in case it still exists - the other
+	 * process should have removed it.
+	 */
+	debug("%s: %s", "cleaning up", control_filename);
+	(void) remove(control_filename);
+
+	/*
+	 * Return 0 if the message was received.
+	 */
+	if (received)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*@-mustfreefresh@ */
+	/*
+	 * splint note: the gettext calls made by _() cause memory leak
+	 * warnings, but in this case it's unavoidable, and mitigated by the
+	 * fact that each string is only translated once.
+	 */
+	if (!silent)
+		pv_error("%u: %s", query, _("message not received"));
+	return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+	/*@+mustfreefresh @ */
+
+}
+
+
+#else				/* !PV_REMOTE_CONTROL */
+
+/*
+ * Dummy stubs for remote control when PV_REMOTE_CONTROL is not set.
+ */
+
+bool pv_remote_check( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused)) pvstate_t state)
+{
+	return false;
+}
+
+
+int pv_remote_set(			 /*@unused@ */
+			 __attribute__((unused)) pvstate_t state, /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused)) pid_t remote)
+{
+	/*@-mustfreefresh@ *//* splint - see above */
+	pv_error("%s", _("SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"));
+	/*@+mustfreefresh@ */
+	return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+}
+
+
+int pv_remote_transferstate_fetch(	 /*@unused@ */
+					 __attribute__((unused)) pvstate_t state,
+					 /*@unused@ */
+					 __attribute__((unused)) pid_t query,
+					 /*@null@ */
+					 /*@unused@ */
+					 __attribute__((unused)) off_t *sizeptr,
+					 /*@unused@ */
+					 __attribute__((unused))
+					 bool silent)
+{
+	/*@-mustfreefresh@ *//* splint - see above */
+	pv_error("%s", _("SA_SIGINFO not supported on this system"));
+	/*@+mustfreefresh@ */
+	return PV_ERROREXIT_REMOTE_OR_PID;
+}
+
+#endif				/* PV_REMOTE_CONTROL */
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Signal handling functions.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -19,21 +19,21 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>

 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
-void pv_crs_needreinit(pvstate_t);
+void pv_crs_needreinit(pvcursorstate_t);
 #endif

 /*@null@*/ static pvstate_t pv_sig_state = NULL;


 /*
- * Ensure that terminal attribute TOSTOP is set.  If we have to set it,
- * record that fact by setting "clear_tty_tostop_on_exit" to 1, so that in
- * pv_sig_fini() we can turn it back off again.
+ * Check whether the terminal attribute TOSTOP is set.  If it is not, set
+ * it, and record that fact by setting "clear_tty_tostop_on_exit" to true,
+ * so that pv_sig_fini() knows to clear it again.
 *
- * In "-c" mode with IPC, then if we have to set TOSTOP, we also tell the
- * other PV instances about it via the shared "tty_tostop_added" flag, so
- * those instances can set their own on-exit flag, meaning that if any of
- * the PV instances set it, the last one to exit will clear it.
+ * In "-c" mode with IPC, that flag is propagated to other PV instances via
+ * the shared "tty_tostop_added" flag, so those instances can set their own
+ * on-exit flag, meaning that if any of the PV instances set it, the last
+ * one to exit will clear it.
 */
 static void pv_sig_ensure_tty_tostop()
 {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ static void pv_sig_ensure_tty_tostop()
 		return;

 	/* Can't look at terminal flags if backgrounded. */
-	if (1 == pv_sig_state->flag.suspend_stderr)
+	if (1 == pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr)
 		return;

 	if (0 != tcgetattr(STDERR_FILENO, &terminal_attributes)) {
@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ static void pv_sig_ensure_tty_tostop()
 	}

 	/* Can't set terminal flags if backgrounded. */
-	if (1 == pv_sig_state->flag.suspend_stderr)
+	if (1 == pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr)
 		return;

 	if (0 == (terminal_attributes.c_lflag & TOSTOP)) {
 		terminal_attributes.c_lflag |= TOSTOP;
 		if (0 == tcsetattr(STDERR_FILENO, TCSANOW, &terminal_attributes)) {
-			pv_sig_state->flag.clear_tty_tostop_on_exit = 1;
+			pv_sig_state->flags.clear_tty_tostop_on_exit = 1;
 			debug("%s", "set terminal TOSTOP attribute");
 #if HAVE_IPC
 			/*
@@ -77,17 +77,72 @@ static void pv_sig_ensure_tty_tostop()
 	}
 }

+
+#ifdef ECHOCTL
+/*
+ * Check whether the terminal attribute ECHOCTL is set.  If it is, clear it,
+ * and record that fact by setting "set_tty_echoctl_on_exit" to true, so
+ * that pv_sig_fini() knows to clear it again.
+ *
+ * In "-c" mode with IPC, that flag is propagated to other PV instances via
+ * the shared "tty_echoctl_cleared" flag, so those instances can set their
+ * own on-exit flag, meaning that if any of the PV instances clear it, the
+ * last one to exit will set it.
+ */
+static void pv_sig_ensure_tty_noechoctl()
+{
+	struct termios terminal_attributes;
+
+	if (NULL == pv_sig_state)
+		return;
+
+	/* Can't look at terminal flags if backgrounded. */
+	if (1 == pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr)
+		return;
+
+	if (0 != tcgetattr(STDERR_FILENO, &terminal_attributes)) {
+		debug("%s: %s", "failed to read terminal attributes", strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Can't set terminal flags if backgrounded. */
+	if (1 == pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr)
+		return;
+
+	if (0 != (terminal_attributes.c_lflag & ECHOCTL)) {
+		terminal_attributes.c_lflag -= ECHOCTL;
+		if (0 == tcsetattr(STDERR_FILENO, TCSANOW, &terminal_attributes)) {
+			pv_sig_state->flags.set_tty_echoctl_on_exit = 1;
+			debug("%s", "cleared terminal ECHOCTL attribute");
+#if HAVE_IPC
+			/*
+			 * In "-c" mode with IPC, make all "pv -c" instances
+			 * aware that ECHOCTL was cleared, so the last one
+			 * can set it on exit.
+			 */
+			if (pv_sig_state->control.cursor && (NULL != pv_sig_state->cursor.shared)
+			    && (!pv_sig_state->cursor.noipc)) {
+				pv_sig_state->cursor.shared->tty_echoctl_cleared = true;
+			}
+#endif
+		} else {
+			debug("%s: %s", "failed to clear terminal ECHOCTL attribute", strerror(errno));
+		}
+	}
+}
+#endif				/* ECHOCTL */
+
 /*
 * Handle SIGTTOU (tty output for background process) by setting the flag to
- * suspend writes to stderr, so that we can be stopped and backgrounded
- * without messing up the terminal.  On a subsequent SIGCONT we will try
- * writing to the terminal again, in case we get backgrounded and later get
- * foregrounded again.
+ * suspend writes to stderr, to stop the terminal being interfered with when
+ * pv is stopped and put into the background.  On a subsequent SIGCONT, pv
+ * will try writing to the terminal again, in case it was put into the
+ * background and later put into the foreground again.
 *
- * When we get backgrounded and cause a SIGTTOU, the rest of the pipeline
- * gets stopped too, so transfers involving pipelines need us to send a
- * SIGCONT to the rest of the process group here, otherwise backgrounding
- * stops transfers involving pipes.
+ * When a SIGTTOU is raised, the rest of the pipeline gets stopped too, so
+ * transfers involving pipelines need pv to send a SIGCONT to the rest of
+ * the process group here, otherwise backgrounding stops transfers involving
+ * pipes.
 */
 static void pv_sig_ttou( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
 			int s)
@@ -95,11 +150,11 @@ static void pv_sig_ttou( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
 	if (NULL == pv_sig_state)
 		return;

-	if (1 != pv_sig_state->flag.suspend_stderr) {
+	if (1 != pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr) {
 		debug("%s", "SIGTTOU - suspending stderr");
-		pv_sig_state->flag.suspend_stderr = 1;
+		pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr = 1;
 		/* Also tell the SIGCONT handler to do nothing next time. */
-		pv_sig_state->flag.skip_next_sigcont++;
+		pv_sig_state->flags.skip_next_sigcont++;
 		/* Raise an immediate SIGCONT to bring the rest of the pipeline back up. */
 		/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't know about killpg() */
 		if (0 != killpg(getpgrp(), SIGCONT)) {
@@ -121,7 +176,7 @@ static void pv_sig_tstp( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
 {
 	if (NULL == pv_sig_state)
 		return;
-	pv_elapsedtime_read(&(pv_sig_state->signal.tstp_time));
+	pv_elapsedtime_read(&(pv_sig_state->signal.when_tstp_arrived));
 	if (0 != raise(SIGSTOP)) {
 		debug("%s: %s", "raise", strerror(errno));
 	}
@@ -142,59 +197,89 @@ static void pv_sig_cont( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
 	if (NULL == pv_sig_state)
 		return;

-	if (pv_sig_state->flag.skip_next_sigcont > 0) {
+	if (pv_sig_state->flags.skip_next_sigcont > 0) {
 		debug("%s: %d", "SIGCONT received but ignored - current value of skip_next_sigcont",
-		      pv_sig_state->flag.skip_next_sigcont);
-		pv_sig_state->flag.skip_next_sigcont--;
+		      pv_sig_state->flags.skip_next_sigcont);
+		pv_sig_state->flags.skip_next_sigcont--;
 		return;
-	} else if (pv_sig_state->flag.skip_next_sigcont < 0) {
-		pv_sig_state->flag.skip_next_sigcont = 0;
+	} else if (pv_sig_state->flags.skip_next_sigcont < 0) {
+		pv_sig_state->flags.skip_next_sigcont = 0;
 		debug("%s", "skip_next_sigcont underrun cleared");
 	}

-	debug("%s: %d", "SIGCONT received - current value of suspend_stderr", pv_sig_state->flag.suspend_stderr);
+	debug("%s: %d", "SIGCONT received - current value of suspend_stderr", pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr);

-	pv_sig_state->flag.terminal_resized = 1;
+	pv_sig_state->flags.terminal_resized = 1;

 	/*
-	 * We can only make the time adjustments if this SIGCONT followed a
-	 * SIGTSTP such that we have a stop time.
+	 * Time adjustments can only be made if this SIGCONT followed a
+	 * SIGTSTP, such that there is a stop-time to measure from.
 	 */
-	if (0 != pv_sig_state->signal.tstp_time.tv_sec) {
+	if (0 != pv_sig_state->signal.when_tstp_arrived.tv_sec) {

 		memset(&current_time, 0, sizeof(current_time));
 		memset(&time_spent_stopped, 0, sizeof(time_spent_stopped));

 		pv_elapsedtime_read(&current_time);

-		/* time spent stopped = current time - time SIGTSTP received */
-		pv_elapsedtime_subtract(&time_spent_stopped, &current_time, &(pv_sig_state->signal.tstp_time));
+		/* time spent stopped = current time - time SIGTSTP received. */
+		pv_elapsedtime_subtract(&time_spent_stopped, &current_time, &(pv_sig_state->signal.when_tstp_arrived));

-		/* add time spent stopped the total stopped-time count */
-		pv_elapsedtime_add(&(pv_sig_state->signal.toffset), &(pv_sig_state->signal.toffset),
-				   &time_spent_stopped);
+		/* add time spent stopped to the total stopped-time count. */
+		pv_elapsedtime_add(&(pv_sig_state->signal.total_stoppage_time),
+				   &(pv_sig_state->signal.total_stoppage_time), &time_spent_stopped);

-		/* reset the SIGTSTP receipt time */
-		pv_elapsedtime_zero(&(pv_sig_state->signal.tstp_time));
+		/* In watchfd mode, update the stoppage time of all watched fds. */
+		if (pv_sig_state->watchfd.count > 0 && NULL != pv_sig_state->watchfd.watching) {
+			unsigned int watch_idx;
+
+			for (watch_idx = 0; watch_idx < pv_sig_state->watchfd.count; watch_idx++) {
+				int info_idx;
+
+				if (pv_sig_state->watchfd.watching[watch_idx].finished)
+					continue;
+
+				if (NULL == pv_sig_state->watchfd.watching[watch_idx].info_array)
+					continue;
+
+				for (info_idx = 0; info_idx < pv_sig_state->watchfd.watching[watch_idx].array_length;
+				     info_idx++) {
+					pvwatchfd_t info_item =
+					    &(pv_sig_state->watchfd.watching[watch_idx].info_array[info_idx]);
+
+					if (info_item->unused)
+						continue;
+
+					if (!info_item->displayable)
+						continue;
+
+					pv_elapsedtime_add(&(info_item->total_stoppage_time),
+							   &(info_item->total_stoppage_time), &time_spent_stopped);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* reset the SIGTSTP receipt time. */
+		pv_elapsedtime_zero(&(pv_sig_state->signal.when_tstp_arrived));
 	}

 	/*
-	 * Try resuming our use of stderr, if we had suspended it, but only
-	 * if we're now in the foreground.
+	 * Try resuming the use of stderr, if it had been suspended, but
+	 * only if pv is now in the foreground.
 	 */
-	if (1 == pv_sig_state->flag.suspend_stderr) {
+	if (1 == pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr) {
 		if (pv_in_foreground()) {
 			debug("%s", "SIGCONT - resuming stderr");
-			pv_sig_state->flag.suspend_stderr = 0;
+			pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr = 0;
 		} else {
 			debug("%s", "SIGCONT but still in background - not resuming stderr");
 		}
 	}

-	if (0 == pv_sig_state->flag.suspend_stderr) {
+	if (0 == pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr) {
 		pv_sig_ensure_tty_tostop();
 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
-		pv_crs_needreinit(pv_sig_state);
+		pv_crs_needreinit(&(pv_sig_state->cursor));
 #endif
 	}
 }
@@ -209,37 +294,38 @@ static void pv_sig_winch( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
 {
 	if (NULL == pv_sig_state)
 		return;
-	pv_sig_state->flag.terminal_resized = 1;
+	pv_sig_state->flags.terminal_resized = 1;
 }
 #endif


 /*
- * Handle termination signals by setting the abort flag.
+ * Handle termination signals by recording which one was received, and then
+ * setting the abort flag.
 */
-static void pv_sig_term( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
-			int s)
+static void pv_sig_term(int s)
 {
 	if (NULL == pv_sig_state)
 		return;
-	pv_sig_state->flag.trigger_exit = 1;
+	pv_sig_state->flags.terminating_signal = (sig_atomic_t) s;
+	pv_sig_state->flags.trigger_exit = 1;
 }


 #ifdef PV_REMOTE_CONTROL
 /*
- * Handle a SIGUSR2 by setting a flag to say we received it, after recording
- * the sending PID.
+ * Handle a SIGUSR2 by recording the PID that sent it, and setting a flag to
+ * say it was received.
 */
 static void pv_sig_usr2( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
-			int sig, siginfo_t * info, /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
+			int sig, siginfo_t *info, /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
 			void *ucontext)
 {
 	if (NULL == pv_sig_state)
 		return;
 	if (NULL == info)
 		return;
-	pv_sig_state->signal.sender = info->si_pid;
+	pv_sig_state->signal.sender_usr2 = info->si_pid;
 	pv_sig_state->signal.rxusr2 = 1;
 }

@@ -248,28 +334,62 @@ static void pv_sig_usr2( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
 * Return true if a SIGUSR2 signal has been received since the last time
 * this function was called, populating *pid with the sending PID if so.
 */
-bool pv_sigusr2_received(pvstate_t state, pid_t * pid)
+bool pv_sigusr2_received(pvstate_t state, pid_t *pid)
 {
 	if (NULL == state)
 		return false;
 	if (0 == state->signal.rxusr2)
 		return false;
 	if (NULL != pid)
-		*pid = state->signal.sender;
+		*pid = state->signal.sender_usr2;
 	state->signal.rxusr2 = 0;
 	return true;
 }

-#endif
+
+/*
+ * Handle a SIGUSR1 by recording the PID that sent it, and setting a flag to
+ * say it was received.
+ */
+static void pv_sig_usr1( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
+			int sig, siginfo_t *info, /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
+			void *ucontext)
+{
+	if (NULL == pv_sig_state)
+		return;
+	if (NULL == info)
+		return;
+	pv_sig_state->signal.sender_usr1 = info->si_pid;
+	pv_sig_state->signal.rxusr1 = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Return true if a SIGUSR1 signal has been received since the last time
+ * this function was called, populating *pid with the sending PID if so.
+ */
+bool pv_sigusr1_received(pvstate_t state, pid_t *pid)
+{
+	if (NULL == state)
+		return false;
+	if (0 == state->signal.rxusr1)
+		return false;
+	if (NULL != pid)
+		*pid = state->signal.sender_usr1;
+	state->signal.rxusr1 = 0;
+	return true;
+}
+
+#endif				/* PV_REMOTE_CONTROL */


 /*
 * Handle alarm signals by doing nothing.
 *
- * Note that we have to use a signal handler like this, instead of using
- * SIG_IGN, because if we ignore the signal entirely, it does nothing,
- * including not interrupting blocking write() calls - which is what we're
- * using alarm signals for in the first place.
+ * An empty signal handler is used, instead of SIG_IGN, because ignoring the
+ * signal with SIG_IGN prevents it from doing anything at all - meaning it
+ * would not interrupt blocking write() calls, which is what pv uses alarm
+ * signals for.
 */
 static void pv_sig_alrm( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused))
 			int s)
@@ -289,27 +409,27 @@ void pv_sig_init(pvstate_t state)
 	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));

 	/*
-	 * Note that wherever we use a "struct sigaction", we declare it
-	 * static and explicitly zero it before use, because it may contain
-	 * deeper structures (e.g. "sigset_t") which trigger splint
-	 * warnings about potential memory leaks.
+	 * Wherever a "struct sigaction" is used, it is declared static and
+	 * explicitly zeroed before use, because it may contain deeper
+	 * structures (e.g. "sigset_t") which trigger splint warnings about
+	 * potential memory leaks.
 	 */

 	pv_sig_state = state;

-	pv_sig_state->flag.suspend_stderr = 0;
-	pv_elapsedtime_zero(&(pv_sig_state->signal.tstp_time));
-	pv_elapsedtime_zero(&(pv_sig_state->signal.toffset));
+	pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr = 0;
+	pv_elapsedtime_zero(&(pv_sig_state->signal.when_tstp_arrived));
+	pv_elapsedtime_zero(&(pv_sig_state->signal.total_stoppage_time));

 	/*
-	 * Note that we cast all sigemptyset() and sigaction() return values
-	 * to void, because there's nothing we can reasonably do about any
-	 * conceivable error they may return.
+	 * All sigemptyset() and sigaction() return values are ignored, as
+	 * there is no reasonable action to take about any error they
+	 * return.
 	 */

 	/*
-	 * Ignore SIGPIPE, so we don't die if the output is a pipe and the
-	 * other end closes unexpectedly.
+	 * Ignore SIGPIPE, in case the output is a pipe and the other end
+	 * closes unexpectedly.
 	 */
 	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
 	(void) sigemptyset(&(sa.sa_mask));
@@ -317,10 +437,11 @@ void pv_sig_init(pvstate_t state)
 	(void) sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sa, &(pv_sig_state->signal.old_sigpipe));

 	/*
-	 * Handle SIGTTOU by continuing with output switched off, so that we
-	 * can be stopped and backgrounded without messing up the terminal.
+	 * Handle SIGTTOU by continuing with the display switched off, to
+	 * allow pv to be stopped and backgrounded without messing up the
+	 * terminal.
 	 */
-	pv_sig_state->flag.skip_next_sigcont = 0;
+	pv_sig_state->flags.skip_next_sigcont = 0;
 	sa.sa_handler = pv_sig_ttou;
 	(void) sigemptyset(&(sa.sa_mask));
 	sa.sa_flags = 0;
@@ -388,17 +509,35 @@ void pv_sig_init(pvstate_t state)
 	/*@+unrecog@ */
 	(void) sigaction(SIGUSR2, &sa, &(pv_sig_state->signal.old_sigusr2));
 	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
-#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * Handle SIGUSR1 by setting a flag to say the signal has been
+	 * received, and storing the sending process's PID.
+	 */
+	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
+	sa.sa_sigaction = pv_sig_usr1;
+	(void) sigemptyset(&(sa.sa_mask));
+	/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't know about SA_SIGINFO */
+	sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
+	/*@+unrecog@ */
+	(void) sigaction(SIGUSR1, &sa, &(pv_sig_state->signal.old_sigusr1));
+	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
+#endif				/* PV_REMOTE_CONTROL */

 	/*
 	 * Ensure that the TOSTOP terminal attribute is set, so that a
-	 * SIGTTOU signal will be raised if we try to write to the terminal
-	 * while backgrounded (see the SIGTTOU handler above).
+	 * SIGTTOU signal will be raised if pv attempts to write to the
+	 * terminal while backgrounded (see the SIGTTOU handler above).
 	 */
 	pv_sig_ensure_tty_tostop();

+#ifdef ECHOCTL
+	/* Clear the ECHOCTL terminal attribute if it's set. */
+	pv_sig_ensure_tty_noechoctl();
+#endif
+
 	/*
-	 * Handle SIGALRM by doing nothing, so we can use alarms or interval
+	 * Handle SIGALRM by doing nothing, allowing alarms or interval
 	 * timers to interrupt blocking writes (returning EINTR).
 	 */
 	sa.sa_handler = pv_sig_alrm;
@@ -409,14 +548,15 @@ void pv_sig_init(pvstate_t state)


 /*
- * Shut down signal handling.  If we had set the TOSTOP terminal attribute,
- * and we're in the foreground, also turn that off (though if we're in
- * cursor "-c" mode, only do that if we're the last PV instance, otherwise
- * leave the terminal alone).
+ * Shut down signal handling.  If this pv had set the TOSTOP terminal
+ * attribute, and is in the foreground, also turn that off (with the
+ * restriction that if in cursor "-c" mode, only do that if this is the last
+ * PV instance, otherwise leave the terminal alone).
 */
 void pv_sig_fini( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused)) pvstate_t state)
 {
 	bool need_to_clear_tostop = false;
+	bool need_to_set_echoctl = false;

 	if (NULL == pv_sig_state)
 		return;
@@ -433,28 +573,26 @@ void pv_sig_fini( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused)) pvstate_t state)
 	(void) sigaction(SIGTERM, &(pv_sig_state->signal.old_sigterm), NULL);
 #ifdef PV_REMOTE_CONTROL
 	(void) sigaction(SIGUSR2, &(pv_sig_state->signal.old_sigusr2), NULL);
+	(void) sigaction(SIGUSR1, &(pv_sig_state->signal.old_sigusr1), NULL);
 #endif
 	(void) sigaction(SIGALRM, &(pv_sig_state->signal.old_sigalrm), NULL);

-	need_to_clear_tostop = (1 == pv_sig_state->flag.clear_tty_tostop_on_exit) ? true : false;
+	need_to_clear_tostop = (1 == pv_sig_state->flags.clear_tty_tostop_on_exit) ? true : false;

 	if (pv_sig_state->control.cursor) {
 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
 		/*
-		 * We won't clear TOSTOP if other "pv -c" instances
-		 * were still running when pv_crs_fini() ran.
-		 *
-		 * TODO: we need a better way to determine if we're the last
-		 * "pv" left.
+		 * Don't clear TOSTOP if other "pv -c" instances were still
+		 * running when pv_crs_fini() ran.
 		 */
 		if (pv_sig_state->control.cursor && pv_sig_state->cursor.pvcount > 1) {
 			need_to_clear_tostop = false;
 		}
 #else				/* !HAVE_IPC */
 		/*
-		 * Without IPC we can't tell whether the other "pv -c"
-		 * instances in the pipeline have finished so we will just
-		 * have to clear TOSTOP anyway.
+		 * Without IPC there's no way to tell whether other "pv -c"
+		 * instances in the pipeline have finished, so clear TOSTOP
+		 * anyway.
 		 */
 #endif				/* !HAVE_IPC */
 	}
@@ -464,7 +602,7 @@ void pv_sig_fini( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused)) pvstate_t state)
 	if (need_to_clear_tostop && pv_in_foreground()) {
 		struct termios terminal_attributes;

-		debug("%s", "about to to clear TOSTOP terminal attribute if it is set");
+		debug("%s", "about to clear TOSTOP terminal attribute if it is set");

 		if (0 != tcgetattr(STDERR_FILENO, &terminal_attributes)) {
 			debug("%s: %s", "tcgetattr", strerror(errno));
@@ -477,8 +615,51 @@ void pv_sig_fini( /*@unused@ */  __attribute__((unused)) pvstate_t state)
 			}
 		}

-		pv_sig_state->flag.clear_tty_tostop_on_exit = 0;
+		pv_sig_state->flags.clear_tty_tostop_on_exit = 0;
 	}
+
+#ifdef ECHOCTL
+	need_to_set_echoctl = (1 == pv_sig_state->flags.set_tty_echoctl_on_exit) ? true : false;
+
+	if (pv_sig_state->control.cursor) {
+#ifdef HAVE_IPC
+		/*
+		 * Don't set ECHOCTL if other "pv -c" instances were still
+		 * running when pv_crs_fini() ran.
+		 */
+		if (pv_sig_state->control.cursor && pv_sig_state->cursor.pvcount > 1) {
+			need_to_set_echoctl = false;
+		}
+#else				/* !HAVE_IPC */
+		/*
+		 * Without IPC there's no way to tell whether other "pv -c"
+		 * instances in the pipeline have finished, so set ECHOCTL
+		 * anyway.
+		 */
+#endif				/* !HAVE_IPC */
+	}
+
+	debug("%s=%s", "need_to_set_echoctl", need_to_set_echoctl ? "true" : "false");
+
+	if (need_to_set_echoctl && pv_in_foreground()) {
+		struct termios terminal_attributes;
+
+		debug("%s", "about to set ECHOCTL terminal attribute if it is not set");
+
+		if (0 != tcgetattr(STDERR_FILENO, &terminal_attributes)) {
+			debug("%s: %s", "tcgetattr", strerror(errno));
+		} else if (0 == (terminal_attributes.c_lflag & ECHOCTL)) {
+			terminal_attributes.c_lflag |= ECHOCTL;
+			if (0 == tcsetattr(STDERR_FILENO, TCSANOW, &terminal_attributes)) {
+				debug("%s", "set TOSTOP terminal attribute");
+			} else {
+				debug("%s: %s", "failed to set TOSTOP terminal attribute", strerror(errno));
+			}
+		}
+
+		pv_sig_state->flags.clear_tty_tostop_on_exit = 0;
+	}
+#endif				/* ECHOCTL */
 }


@@ -521,9 +702,10 @@ void pv_sig_allowpause(void)


 /*
- * If we have suspended stderr, check every second or so to see whether we
- * can write to the terminal again - this is so that if we get backgrounded,
- * then foregrounded again, we start writing to the terminal again.
+ * If output to stderr is suspended, check once a second whether it is safe
+ * to write to the terminal.  This is so that if pv is put into the
+ * background, and then brought into the foreground again, it can resume
+ * terminal output.
 */
 void pv_sig_checkbg(void)
 {
@@ -537,17 +719,17 @@ void pv_sig_checkbg(void)

 	next_check = time(NULL) + 1;

-	if (0 == pv_sig_state->flag.suspend_stderr)
+	if (0 == pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr)
 		return;

 	if (!pv_in_foreground())
 		return;

 	debug("%s: %s", "pv_sig_checkbg", "attempting to resume stderr");
-	pv_sig_state->flag.suspend_stderr = 0;
+	pv_sig_state->flags.suspend_stderr = 0;

 	pv_sig_ensure_tty_tostop();
 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
-	pv_crs_needreinit(pv_sig_state);
+	pv_crs_needreinit(&(pv_sig_state->cursor));
 #endif
 }
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * State management functions.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@
 #include "pv.h"
 #include "pv-internal.h"

-/* We do not set this because it breaks "dd" - see below. */
+/*
+ * Do not use non-blocking I/O, because it has caused problems with some
+ * applications, such as dd, in the past.
+ */
 /* #undef MAKE_OUTPUT_NONBLOCKING */

 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -21,29 +24,150 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>


-/* alloc / realloc history buffer */
-static void pv_alloc_history(pvstate_t state)
+/*
+ * Allocate or reallocate the history buffer for calculating average
+ * transfer rate.
+ */
+static void pv_alloc_calc_history(pvtransfercalc_t calc)
 {
-	if (NULL != state->calc.history)
-		free(state->calc.history);
-	state->calc.history = NULL;
+	if (NULL != calc->history)
+		free(calc->history);
+	calc->history = NULL;

-	state->calc.history = calloc((size_t) (state->calc.history_len), sizeof(state->calc.history[0]));
-	if (NULL == state->calc.history) {
+	calc->history = calloc((size_t) (calc->history_len), sizeof(calc->history[0]));
+	if (NULL == calc->history) {
 		/*@-mustfreefresh@ */
 		/*
-		 * splint note: the gettext calls made by _() cause memory
-		 * leak warnings, but in this case it's unavoidable, and
-		 * mitigated by the fact we only translate each string once.
+		 * splint note: the gettext calls made by _() cause
+		 * unavoidable memory leak warnings, but they are mitigated
+		 * by the fact that each string is only translated once.
 		 */
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", state->status.program_name,
-			_("history structure allocation failed"), strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s", _("memory allocation failure"));
 		/*@+mustfreefresh@ */
 		return;
 	}

-	state->calc.history_first = state->calc.history_last = 0;
-	state->calc.history[0].elapsed_sec = 0.0;	/* to be safe, memset() not recommended for doubles */
+	/*
+	 * Explicitly set these values to zero, as memset() is not
+	 * recommended for floating point types.
+	 */
+	calc->history_first = calc->history_last = 0;
+	calc->history[0].elapsed_sec = 0.0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Set the "calc" state sub-structure's history length appropriately for the
+ * given average rate window setting, allocate an appropriate history, and
+ * return the appropriate history interval to use.
+ */
+unsigned int pv_update_calc_average_rate_window(pvtransfercalc_t calc, unsigned int val)
+{
+	unsigned int history_interval;
+
+	if (val < 1)
+		val = 1;
+
+	if (val >= 20) {
+		calc->history_len = (size_t) (val / 5 + 1);
+		history_interval = 5;
+	} else {
+		calc->history_len = (size_t) (val + 1);
+		history_interval = 1;
+	}
+
+	pv_alloc_calc_history(calc);
+
+	return history_interval;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Clear the "calc" part of a state structure.
+ */
+void pv_reset_calc(pvtransfercalc_t calc)
+{
+	if (NULL == calc)
+		return;
+	/*
+	 * Explicitly set important floating point values to 0, as memset()
+	 * is not recommended for this.
+	 */
+	calc->transfer_rate = 0.0;
+	calc->average_rate = 0.0;
+	calc->prev_elapsed_sec = 0.0;
+	calc->prev_rate = 0.0;
+	calc->prev_trans = 0.0;
+	calc->current_avg_rate = 0.0;
+	calc->rate_min = 0.0;
+	calc->rate_max = 0.0;
+	calc->rate_sum = 0.0;
+	calc->ratesquared_sum = 0.0;
+	calc->measurements_taken = 0;
+	calc->prev_transferred = 0;
+	calc->percentage = 0.0;
+	calc->history_first = calc->history_last = 0;
+	if (NULL != calc->history) {
+		calc->history[0].elapsed_sec = 0.0;
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Clear the "transfer" part of a state structure.
+ */
+void pv_reset_transfer(pvtransferstate_t transfer)
+{
+	if (NULL == transfer)
+		return;
+
+	transfer->elapsed_seconds = 0.0;
+	transfer->read_position = 0;
+	transfer->write_position = 0;
+	transfer->to_write = 0;
+	transfer->written = 0;
+	transfer->total_bytes_read = 0;
+	transfer->total_written = 0;
+	transfer->written_but_not_consumed = 0;
+	transfer->read_errors_in_a_row = 0;
+	transfer->last_read_skip_fd = 0;
+#ifdef HAVE_COPY_FILE_RANGE
+	transfer->copy_file_range_failed_fd = -1;
+#endif				/* HAVE_COPY_FILE_RANGE */
+#ifdef HAVE_SPLICE
+	transfer->splice_failed_fd = -1;
+	transfer->intermediate_pipe[0] = -1;
+	transfer->intermediate_pipe[1] = -1;
+	transfer->discard_fd = -1;
+#endif				/* HAVE_SPLICE */
+
+	transfer->line_positions_length = 0;
+	transfer->line_positions_head = 0;
+	transfer->last_output_position = 0;
+	transfer->output_not_seekable = false;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Reset the calculated parts of the "flags" state structure.
+ */
+void pv_reset_flags(pvtransientflags_t flags)
+{
+	if (NULL == flags)
+		return;
+	flags->reparse_display = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Reset the calculated parts of a "display" state structure.
+ */
+void pv_reset_display(pvdisplay_t display)
+{
+	if (NULL == display)
+		return;
+	display->initial_offset = 0;
+	display->output_produced = false;
 }


@@ -55,82 +179,35 @@ void pv_state_reset(pvstate_t state)
 	if (NULL == state)
 		return;

-	state->flag.reparse_display = 1;
+	pv_reset_flags(&(state->flags));
 	state->status.current_input_file = -1;

-	state->display.initial_offset = 0;
-	state->display.display_visible = false;
+	pv_reset_display(&(state->display));
+	pv_reset_display(&(state->extra_display));

-	state->extra_display.initial_offset = 0;
-	state->extra_display.display_visible = false;
-
-	/*
-	 * Explicitly set important floating point values to 0, as memset()
-	 * is not recommended for this.
-	 */
-	state->calc.transfer_rate = 0.0;
-	state->calc.average_rate = 0.0;
-	state->calc.prev_elapsed_sec = 0.0;
-	state->calc.prev_rate = 0.0;
-	state->calc.prev_trans = 0.0;
-	state->calc.current_avg_rate = 0.0;
-	state->calc.rate_min = 0.0;
-	state->calc.rate_max = 0.0;
-	state->calc.rate_sum = 0.0;
-	state->calc.ratesquared_sum = 0.0;
-	state->calc.measurements_taken = 0;
-	state->calc.prev_transferred = 0;
-	state->calc.percentage = 0.0;
-	state->calc.history_first = state->calc.history_last = 0;
-	if (NULL != state->calc.history) {
-		state->calc.history[0].elapsed_sec = 0.0;
-	}
-
-	state->transfer.elapsed_seconds = 0.0;
-	state->transfer.read_position = 0;
-	state->transfer.write_position = 0;
-	state->transfer.to_write = 0;
-	state->transfer.written = 0;
-	state->transfer.total_written = 0;
-	state->transfer.written_but_not_consumed = 0;
-	state->transfer.read_errors_in_a_row = 0;
-	state->transfer.last_read_skip_fd = 0;
-#ifdef HAVE_SPLICE
-	state->transfer.splice_failed_fd = -1;
-#endif				/* HAVE_SPLICE */
-
-	state->transfer.line_positions_length = 0;
-	state->transfer.line_positions_head = 0;
-	state->transfer.last_output_position = 0;
+	pv_reset_calc(&(state->calc));
+	pv_reset_transfer(&(state->transfer));
 }


 /*
- * Create a new state structure, and return it, or 0 (NULL) on error.
+ * Create a new state structure, and return it, or NULL on error.
 */
-pvstate_t pv_state_alloc(const char *program_name)
+pvstate_t pv_state_alloc(void)
 {
 	pvstate_t state;
+	size_t try_size;

 	state = calloc(1, sizeof(*state));
 	if (NULL == state)
 		return NULL;
 	memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));

-	/* splint 3.1.2 thinks this is required for some reason. */
-	if (NULL != state->status.program_name) {
-		free(state->status.program_name);
-	}
-
-	state->status.program_name = pv_strdup(program_name);
-	if (NULL == state->status.program_name) {
-		free(state);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	state->control.watch_pid = 0;
-	state->control.watch_fd = -1;
+	state->watchfd.count = 0;
 	state->control.output_fd = -1;
+	state->control.othermonitor_pid = 0;
+	state->control.othermonitor_read_fd = -1;
+	state->control.othermonitor_write_fd = -1;
 #ifdef HAVE_IPC
 	state->cursor.shmid = -1;
 	state->cursor.pvcount = 1;
@@ -139,24 +216,168 @@ pvstate_t pv_state_alloc(const char *program_name)

 	pv_state_reset(state);

+#ifdef HAVE_GETCWD
 	/*
 	 * Get the current working directory, if possible, as a base for
 	 * showing relative filenames with --watchfd.
+	 *
+	 * If this fails then --watchfd will fall back to always showing the
+	 * full path.
 	 */
-	if (NULL == getcwd(state->status.cwd, PV_SIZEOF_CWD - 1)) {
-		/* failed - will always show full path */
-		state->status.cwd[0] = '\0';
+	for (try_size = 32; try_size <= 16384; try_size = try_size * 2) {
+		bool buffer_too_small;
+
+		if (NULL != state->status.cwd) {
+			free(state->status.cwd);
+			state->status.cwd = NULL;
+		}
+		/*@-mustfreeonly@ *//* splint mis-detects this as a memory leak. */
+		state->status.cwd = malloc(try_size);
+		/*@+mustfreeonly@ */
+		if (NULL == state->status.cwd)
+			break;
+
+		buffer_too_small = false;
+		if (NULL == getcwd(state->status.cwd, try_size)) {
+			if (errno != ERANGE)
+				buffer_too_small = true;
+			free(state->status.cwd);
+			state->status.cwd = NULL;
+		}
+
+		if (!buffer_too_small)
+			break;
 	}
-	if ('\0' == state->status.cwd[1]) {
-		/* CWD is root directory - always show full path */
-		state->status.cwd[0] = '\0';
-	}
-	state->status.cwd[PV_SIZEOF_CWD - 1] = '\0';
+#endif				/* HAVE_GETCWD */

 	return state;
 }


+/*
+ * Free dynamic contents of a display structure.
+ */
+void pv_freecontents_display(pvdisplay_t display)
+{
+	if (NULL != display->display_buffer)
+		free(display->display_buffer);
+	display->display_buffer = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Free dynamic contents of a transfer state structure.
+ */
+void pv_freecontents_transfer(pvtransferstate_t transfer)
+{
+	/*@-keeptrans@ */
+	if (NULL != transfer->transfer_buffer)
+		free(transfer->transfer_buffer);
+	transfer->transfer_buffer = NULL;
+	/*@+keeptrans@ */
+	/* splint - explicitly freeing this structure, so free() here is OK. */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SPLICE
+	/* Close the intermediate pipe, if there was one. */
+	if (transfer->intermediate_pipe_buffer_size > 0) {
+		int idx;
+		for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx++) {
+			if (transfer->intermediate_pipe[idx] >= 0) {
+				(void) close(transfer->intermediate_pipe[idx]);
+				transfer->intermediate_pipe[idx] = -1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Close the discard file descriptor, if there was one. */
+	if (transfer->discard_fd >= 0) {
+		(void) close(transfer->discard_fd);
+		transfer->discard_fd = -1;
+	}
+#endif				/* HAVE_SPLICE */
+
+	if (NULL != transfer->line_positions)
+		free(transfer->line_positions);
+	transfer->line_positions = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Free dynamic contents of a calculated transfer state structure.
+ */
+void pv_freecontents_calc(pvtransfercalc_t calc)
+{
+	if (NULL != calc->history)
+		free(calc->history);
+	calc->history = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Free the contents of a watchfd watched-items array.
+ */
+void pv_freecontents_watchfd_items(struct pvwatcheditem_s *watching, unsigned int count)
+{
+	unsigned int watch_idx;
+
+	if (NULL == watching)
+		return;
+
+	/*@-compdestroy@ */
+	for (watch_idx = 0; watch_idx < count; watch_idx++) {
+		int info_idx;
+		if (NULL == watching[watch_idx].info_array)
+			continue;
+		for (info_idx = 0; info_idx < watching[watch_idx].array_length; info_idx++) {
+			pv_freecontents_watchfd(&(watching[watch_idx].info_array[info_idx]));
+		}
+		free(watching[watch_idx].info_array);
+		watching[watch_idx].info_array = NULL;
+		watching[watch_idx].array_length = 0;
+	}
+
+	return;
+	/*@+compdestroy @ */
+	/*
+	 * splint warns that watching[].info_array->transfer.transfer_buffer
+	 * and other deep structures may not be deallocated and so leak
+	 * memory, but that's what pv_freecontents_watchfd() takes care of.
+	 */
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Truncate the output file descriptor to its current position, if it's a
+ * valid fd, sparse output mode is active, and no lseek() failed.
+ */
+static void pv_truncate_output(pvstate_t state)
+{
+	off_t current_offset;
+
+	if (!state->control.sparse_output)
+		return;
+	if (state->transfer.output_not_seekable)
+		return;
+	if (state->control.output_fd < 0)
+		return;
+
+	current_offset = (off_t) lseek(state->control.output_fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_CUR);
+	if (current_offset == (off_t) - 1)
+		return;
+
+	debug("%s: %ld", "truncating to current offset", (long) current_offset);
+
+	/*@+longintegral@ */
+	/*
+	 * splint has trouble with off_t / __off_t.
+	 */
+	if (0 != ftruncate(state->control.output_fd, current_offset)) {
+		debug("%s: %s", "output ftruncate() failed", strerror(errno));
+	}
+	/*@-longintegral@ */
+}
+
+
 /*
 * Free a state structure, after which it can no longer be used.
 */
@@ -166,15 +387,15 @@ void pv_state_free(pvstate_t state)
 		return;

 	/*
-	 * Close the output file first, so we can report any errors while we
-	 * still know the program name and output filename.
+	 * Close the output file first, while the output filename is still
+	 * available to include in an error message.
 	 */
 	if (state->control.output_fd >= 0) {
+		pv_truncate_output(state);
 		if (STDOUT_FILENO != state->control.output_fd) {
 			if (close(state->control.output_fd) < 0) {
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", state->status.program_name,
-					NULL == state->control.output_name ? "(null)" : state->control.output_name,
-					strerror(errno));
+				pv_perror("%s",
+					  NULL == state->control.output_name ? "(null)" : state->control.output_name);
 			}
 		}
 		state->control.output_fd = -1;
@@ -185,17 +406,13 @@ void pv_state_free(pvstate_t state)
 		state->control.output_name = NULL;
 	}

-	if (NULL != state->status.program_name)
-		free(state->status.program_name);
-	state->status.program_name = NULL;
+	if (NULL != state->status.cwd) {
+		free(state->status.cwd);
+		state->status.cwd = NULL;
+	}

-	if (NULL != state->display.display_buffer)
-		free(state->display.display_buffer);
-	state->display.display_buffer = NULL;
-
-	if (NULL != state->extra_display.display_buffer)
-		free(state->extra_display.display_buffer);
-	state->extra_display.display_buffer = NULL;
+	pv_freecontents_display(&(state->display));
+	pv_freecontents_display(&(state->extra_display));

 	if (NULL != state->control.name) {
 		free(state->control.name);
@@ -212,25 +429,19 @@ void pv_state_free(pvstate_t state)
 		state->control.format_string = NULL;
 	}

+	if (NULL != state->control.extra_display_spec) {
+		free(state->control.extra_display_spec);
+		state->control.extra_display_spec = NULL;
+	}
+
 	if (NULL != state->control.extra_format_string) {
 		free(state->control.extra_format_string);
 		state->control.extra_format_string = NULL;
 	}

-	/*@-keeptrans@ */
-	if (NULL != state->transfer.transfer_buffer)
-		free(state->transfer.transfer_buffer);
-	state->transfer.transfer_buffer = NULL;
-	/*@+keeptrans@ */
-	/* splint - explicitly freeing this structure, so free() here is OK. */
+	pv_freecontents_transfer(&(state->transfer));

-	if (NULL != state->transfer.line_positions)
-		free(state->transfer.line_positions);
-	state->transfer.line_positions = NULL;
-
-	if (NULL != state->calc.history)
-		free(state->calc.history);
-	state->calc.history = NULL;
+	pv_freecontents_calc(&(state->calc));

 	if (NULL != state->files.filename) {
 		unsigned int file_idx;
@@ -244,6 +455,12 @@ void pv_state_free(pvstate_t state)
 		state->files.filename = NULL;
 	}

+	if (NULL != state->watchfd.watching) {
+		pv_freecontents_watchfd_items(state->watchfd.watching, state->watchfd.count);
+		free(state->watchfd.watching);
+		state->watchfd.watching = NULL;
+	}
+
 	free(state);

 	return;
@@ -251,10 +468,13 @@ void pv_state_free(pvstate_t state)


 /*
- * Set the formatting string, given a set of old-style formatting options.
+ * Set the format options and use them to build a default formatting string.
+ * The default string is used if no format string is explicitly set.
+ *
+ * Call this *after* setting a name, so it can determine whether there
+ * should be a name in the default format.
 */
-void pv_state_set_format(pvstate_t state, bool progress, bool timer, bool eta, bool fineta, bool rate, bool average_rate, bool bytes, bool bufpercent, size_t lastwritten,	/*@null@ */
-			 const char *name)
+void pv_state_set_format_options(pvstate_t state, pvformatoptions_s format)
 {
 #define PV_ADDFORMAT(x,y) if (x) { \
 		if (state->control.default_format[0] != '\0') \
@@ -262,6 +482,16 @@ void pv_state_set_format(pvstate_t state, bool progress, bool timer, bool eta, b
 		(void) pv_strlcat(state->control.default_format, y, sizeof(state->control.default_format)); \
 	}

+	state->control.format_option.progress = format.progress;
+	state->control.format_option.timer = format.timer;
+	state->control.format_option.eta = format.eta;
+	state->control.format_option.fineta = format.fineta;
+	state->control.format_option.rate = format.rate;
+	state->control.format_option.average_rate = format.average_rate;
+	state->control.format_option.bytes = format.bytes;
+	state->control.format_option.bufpercent = format.bufpercent;
+	state->control.format_option.lastwritten = format.lastwritten;
+
 	state->control.default_format[0] = '\0';

 	if (false == state->control.numeric) {
@@ -271,21 +501,21 @@ void pv_state_set_format(pvstate_t state, bool progress, bool timer, bool eta, b
 		 * Add the format strings for the enabled options in a
 		 * standard order.
 		 */
-		PV_ADDFORMAT(name, "%N");
-		PV_ADDFORMAT(bytes, "%b");
-		PV_ADDFORMAT(bufpercent, "%T");
-		PV_ADDFORMAT(timer, "%t");
-		PV_ADDFORMAT(rate, "%r");
-		PV_ADDFORMAT(average_rate, "%a");
-		PV_ADDFORMAT(progress, "%p");
-		PV_ADDFORMAT(eta, "%e");
-		PV_ADDFORMAT(fineta, "%I");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(NULL != state->control.name, "%N");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(format.bytes, "%b");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(format.bufpercent, "%T");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(format.timer, "%t");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(format.rate, "%r");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(format.average_rate, "%a");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(format.progress, "%p");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(format.eta, "%e");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(format.fineta, "%I");

-		if (lastwritten > 0) {
+		if (format.lastwritten > 0) {
 			char buf[16];	 /* flawfinder: ignore */
 			memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
-			(void) pv_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%%%uA", (unsigned int) lastwritten);
-			PV_ADDFORMAT(lastwritten > 0, buf);
+			(void) pv_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%%%uA", (unsigned int) format.lastwritten);
+			PV_ADDFORMAT(format.lastwritten > 0, buf);
 			/*
 			 * flawfinder rationale: large enough for string,
 			 * zeroed before use, only written to by
@@ -296,30 +526,35 @@ void pv_state_set_format(pvstate_t state, bool progress, bool timer, bool eta, b
 	} else {
 		/* Numeric mode has different behaviour. */

-		PV_ADDFORMAT(timer, "%t");
-		PV_ADDFORMAT(bytes, "%b");
-		PV_ADDFORMAT(rate, "%r");
-		PV_ADDFORMAT(!(bytes || rate), "%{progress-amount-only}");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(format.timer, "%t");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(format.bytes, "%b");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(format.rate, "%r");
+		PV_ADDFORMAT(!(format.bytes || format.rate), "%{progress-amount-only}");

 	}

 	debug("%s: [%s]", "default format set", state->control.default_format);

-	/* Free any previously set name. */
-	if (NULL != state->control.name) {
-		free(state->control.name);
-		state->control.name = NULL;
-	}
-
-	/* Set a new name if one was given. */
-	if (NULL != name)
-		state->control.name = pv_strdup(name);
-
 	/* Tell pv_format() that the format has changed. */
-	state->flag.reparse_display = 1;
+	state->flags.reparse_display = 1;
 }


+/*
+ * Append a string to the default format, and trigger a format reparse.
+ */
+void pv_state_append_to_default_format(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *val)
+{
+	PV_ADDFORMAT(NULL != val, val);
+	state->flags.reparse_display = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Simple setter functions.
+ */
+
+
 void pv_state_force_set(pvstate_t state, bool val)
 {
 	state->control.force = val;
@@ -330,6 +565,11 @@ void pv_state_cursor_set(pvstate_t state, bool val)
 	state->control.cursor = val;
 }

+void pv_state_use_osc94_set(pvstate_t state, bool val)
+{
+	state->control.use_osc94 = val;
+}
+
 void pv_state_show_stats_set(pvstate_t state, bool val)
 {
 	state->control.show_stats = val;
@@ -403,17 +643,33 @@ void pv_state_sync_after_write_set(pvstate_t state, bool val)
 void pv_state_direct_io_set(pvstate_t state, bool val)
 {
 	state->control.direct_io = val;
+	/* Tell pv_transfer() to take action when this value changes. */
 	state->control.direct_io_changed = true;
 }

+void pv_state_sparse_output_set(pvstate_t state, bool val)
+{
+	state->control.sparse_output = val;
+}
+
 void pv_state_discard_input_set(pvstate_t state, bool val)
 {
 	state->control.discard_input = val;
 }

-void pv_state_rate_limit_set(pvstate_t state, off_t val)
+/*
+ * If "was_specified" is true, the limit was specified on the command line.
+ * This is used with --remote to determine whether to affect the remote
+ * process's rate limit settings.
+ *
+ * if "is_active" is true, the limit ("val") is not zero so rate limiting is
+ * active.
+ */
+void pv_state_rate_limit_set(pvstate_t state, long double val, bool was_specified, bool is_active)
 {
 	state->control.rate_limit = val;
+	state->control.rate_limit_specified = was_specified;
+	state->control.rate_limit_active = is_active;
 }

 void pv_state_target_buffer_size_set(pvstate_t state, size_t val)
@@ -426,6 +682,11 @@ void pv_state_no_splice_set(pvstate_t state, bool val)
 	state->control.no_splice = val;
 }

+void pv_state_pipe_buffer_size_set(pvstate_t state, size_t val)
+{
+	state->control.pipe_buffer_size = val;
+}
+
 void pv_state_size_set(pvstate_t state, off_t val)
 {
 	state->control.size = val;
@@ -483,7 +744,11 @@ void pv_state_format_string_set(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *val)
 void pv_state_extra_display_set(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *val)
 {
 	const char *word_start;
-	size_t offset;
+
+	if (NULL != state->control.extra_display_spec) {
+		free(state->control.extra_display_spec);
+		state->control.extra_display_spec = NULL;
+	}

 	if (NULL != state->control.extra_format_string) {
 		free(state->control.extra_format_string);
@@ -494,8 +759,13 @@ void pv_state_extra_display_set(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *val)
 	if (NULL == val)
 		return;

+	if (NULL != val)
+		state->control.extra_display_spec = pv_strdup(val);
+
 	word_start = val;
 	while (NULL != word_start && '\0' != word_start[0]) {
+		size_t offset;
+
 		offset = 0;
 		while ('\0' != word_start[offset] && ',' != word_start[offset] && ':' != word_start[offset])
 			offset++;
@@ -531,27 +801,17 @@ void pv_state_extra_display_set(pvstate_t state, /*@null@ */ const char *val)
 	}
 }

-void pv_state_watch_pid_set(pvstate_t state, pid_t val)
-{
-	state->control.watch_pid = val;
-}
-
-void pv_state_watch_fd_set(pvstate_t state, int val)
-{
-	state->control.watch_fd = val;
-}
-
 void pv_state_output_set(pvstate_t state, int fd, const char *name)
 {
 	/*
-	 * Close any previous output file first, so we can report any errors
-	 * before we store the new output filename.
+	 * Close any previous output file first, before the old output
+	 * filename is replaced, so any associated error can be reported
+	 * with the right filename.
 	 */
+	pv_truncate_output(state);
 	if (state->control.output_fd >= 0 && state->control.output_fd != STDOUT_FILENO) {
 		if (close(state->control.output_fd) < 0) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", state->status.program_name,
-				NULL == state->control.output_name ? "(null)" : state->control.output_name,
-				strerror(errno));
+			pv_perror("%s", NULL == state->control.output_name ? "(null)" : state->control.output_name);
 		}
 	}
 	if (NULL != state->control.output_name)
@@ -562,11 +822,27 @@ void pv_state_output_set(pvstate_t state, int fd, const char *name)
 	/*
 	 * Try and make the output use non-blocking I/O.
 	 *
-	 * Note that this can cause problems with (broken) applications
-	 * such as dd when used in a pipeline.
+	 * This can cause problems with some, but not all, applications -
+	 * such as dd - when used in a pipeline.
 	 */
 	fcntl(state->control.output_fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK | fcntl(state->control.output_fd, F_GETFL));
 #endif				/* MAKE_OUTPUT_NONBLOCKING */
+
+	/*
+	 * In sparse output mode, if the output is in append mode (>>),
+	 * explicitly lseek() to the end of the file.  Otherwise, the file
+	 * offset is not set until the first write(), which means that if
+	 * the input starts with null bytes, upon lseek()ing past them
+	 * relative to the current position, the "current position" is 0
+	 * rather than the end of the file, and the file gets truncated on
+	 * exit to the wrong size.
+	 */
+	if (state->control.sparse_output && 0 != (fcntl(fd, F_GETFL) & O_APPEND)) {
+		debug("%s", "sparse output mode, and appending - seeking output to the end");
+		if ((off_t) lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END) == (off_t) - 1) {
+			debug("%s: %s", "lseek failed", strerror(errno));
+		}
+	}
 }

 void pv_state_average_rate_window_set(pvstate_t state, unsigned int val)
@@ -574,19 +850,31 @@ void pv_state_average_rate_window_set(pvstate_t state, unsigned int val)
 	if (val < 1)
 		val = 1;
 	state->control.average_rate_window = val;
-	if (val >= 20) {
-		state->calc.history_len = (size_t) (val / 5 + 1);
-		state->control.history_interval = 5;
-	} else {
-		state->calc.history_len = (size_t) (val + 1);
-		state->control.history_interval = 1;
-	}
-	pv_alloc_history(state);
+	state->control.history_interval = pv_update_calc_average_rate_window(&(state->calc), val);
 }

-void pv_state_set_can_display_utf8(pvstate_t state, bool val)
+void pv_state_set_terminal_supports_utf8(pvstate_t state, bool val)
 {
-	state->control.can_display_utf8 = val;
+	state->status.terminal_supports_utf8 = val;
+}
+
+void pv_state_othermonitor_set(pvstate_t state, pid_t pid, int read_fd, int write_fd)
+{
+	state->control.othermonitor_pid = pid;
+	state->control.othermonitor_read_fd = read_fd;
+	state->control.othermonitor_write_fd = write_fd;
+}
+
+/* If the format string is set to an empty string, stop all display output. */
+void pv_state_cancel_output_if_empty_format_string(pvstate_t state)
+{
+	if (NULL == state->control.format_string)
+		return;
+	if ('\0' != state->control.format_string[0])
+		return;
+	debug("%s", "empty format string - setting no_display and turning off cursor positioning");
+	state->control.no_display = true;
+	state->control.cursor = false;
 }

 /*
@@ -595,43 +883,86 @@ void pv_state_set_can_display_utf8(pvstate_t state, bool val)
 void pv_state_inputfiles(pvstate_t state, unsigned int input_file_count, const char **input_files)
 {
 	unsigned int file_idx;
+	/*@only@ */ nullable_only_string_t *new_array;

+	/* Free the old array and its contents, if there was one. */
 	if (NULL != state->files.filename) {
 		for (file_idx = 0; file_idx < state->files.file_count; file_idx++) {
-			/*@-unqualifiedtrans@ */
 			free(state->files.filename[file_idx]);
-			/*@+unqualifiedtrans@ */
-			/*
-			 * TODO: find a way to tell splint the array
-			 * contents are "only" and "null" as well as the
-			 * array itself.
-			 */
 		}
 		free(state->files.filename);
 		state->files.filename = NULL;
 		state->files.file_count = 0;
 	}
-	state->files.filename = calloc((size_t) (input_file_count + 1), sizeof(char *));
-	if (NULL == state->files.filename) {
+
+	/* Allocate an empty new array of the right size. */
+	new_array = calloc((size_t) (input_file_count + 1), sizeof(char *));
+	if (NULL == new_array) {
 		/*@-mustfreefresh@ *//* see similar _() issue above */
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", state->status.program_name, _("file list allocation failed"),
-			strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s", _("memory allocation failure"));
 		/*@+mustfreefresh@ */
 		return;
 	}
+	state->files.filename = new_array;
+
+	/* Populate the new array with copies of the filenames. */
 	for (file_idx = 0; file_idx < input_file_count; file_idx++) {
-		/*@-nullstate@ */
-		state->files.filename[file_idx] = pv_strdup(input_files[file_idx]);
-		if (NULL == state->files.filename[file_idx]) {
+		/*@only@ */ char *new_string;
+		new_string = pv_strdup(input_files[file_idx]);
+		if (NULL == new_string) {
 			/*@-mustfreefresh@ *//* see similar _() issue above */
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", state->status.program_name,
-				_("file list allocation failed"), strerror(errno));
+			pv_perror("%s", _("memory allocation failure"));
 			/*@+mustfreefresh@ */
 			return;
 		}
+		state->files.filename[file_idx] = new_string;
 	}
 	state->files.file_count = input_file_count;
 }

-/*@+nullstate@*/
-/* splint: see unqualifiedtrans note by free() above. */
+/*
+ * Set the arrays of watchfd process IDs and file descriptors.
+ */
+void pv_state_watchfds(pvstate_t state, unsigned int watchfd_count, const pid_t *pids, const int *fds)
+{
+	unsigned int item_idx;
+	/*@only@ */ struct pvwatcheditem_s *new_array = NULL;
+
+	/* Free the old arrays, if there were any. */
+	if (NULL != state->watchfd.watching) {
+		/*@-compdestroy@ */
+		pv_freecontents_watchfd_items(state->watchfd.watching, state->watchfd.count);
+		free(state->watchfd.watching);
+		state->watchfd.watching = NULL;
+		/*@+compdestroy@ */
+		/*
+		 * splint warns about deep structures not being deallocated,
+		 * but that's what pv_freecontents_watchfd_items() does.
+		 */
+	}
+	state->watchfd.count = 0;
+	state->watchfd.multiple_pids = false;
+
+	/* Allocate an empty new array of the right size. */
+	new_array = malloc((1 + watchfd_count) * sizeof(*new_array));
+	if (NULL == new_array) {
+		/*@-mustfreefresh@ *//* see similar _() issue above */
+		pv_perror("%s", _("memory allocation failure"));
+		/*@+mustfreefresh@ */
+		return;
+	}
+	memset(new_array, 0, (1 + watchfd_count) * sizeof(*new_array));
+	state->watchfd.watching = new_array;
+
+	/* Populate the new array with the values supplied. */
+	for (item_idx = 0; item_idx < watchfd_count; item_idx++) {
+		state->watchfd.watching[item_idx].pid = pids[item_idx];
+		state->watchfd.watching[item_idx].fd = fds[item_idx];
+		if ((item_idx > 0) && (pids[item_idx] != pids[item_idx - 1]))
+			state->watchfd.multiple_pids = true;
+	}
+	state->watchfd.count = watchfd_count;
+
+	debug("%s=%d, %s=%s", "watchfd.count", state->watchfd.count, "multiple_pids",
+	      state->watchfd.multiple_pids ? "true" : "false");
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Functions for portably managing strings.
 *
- * Copyright 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@


 /*
- * Wrapper for sprintf(), falling back to sprintf() on systems without that
+ * Wrapper for snprintf(), falling back to sprintf() on systems without that
 * function.
 *
- * Returns -1 if "str" or "format" are NULL or if "size" is 0.
+ * Returns -1 if "format" is NULL.
 *
 * Otherwise, ensures that the buffer "str" is always terminated with a '\0'
 * byte, before returning whatever the system's vsnprintf() or vsprintf()
@@ -36,24 +36,26 @@ int pv_snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...)
 	va_list ap;
 	int ret;

-	if (NULL == str)
-		return -1;
-	if (0 == size)
-		return -1;
-	if (NULL == format)
+	if (NULL == format) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
 		return -1;
+	}

-	str[0] = '\0';
+	if (NULL != str && size > 0)
+		str[0] = '\0';

 	va_start(ap, format);
+	/*@-nullpass@ */
 #ifdef HAVE_VSNPRINTF
 	ret = vsnprintf(str, size, format, ap);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 #else				/* ! HAVE_VSNPRINTF */
 	ret = vsprintf(str, format, ap);    /* flawfinder: ignore */
 #endif				/* HAVE_VSNPRINTF */
+	/*@+nullpass@ *//* explicitly allowing NULL to behave as vsnprintf() does. */
 	va_end(ap);

-	str[size - 1] = '\0';
+	if (NULL != str && size > 0)
+		str[size - 1] = '\0';

 	/*
 	 * flawfinder rationale: this function replaces snprintf so
@@ -65,6 +67,131 @@ int pv_snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...)
 	return ret;
 }

+
+/*
+ * Wrapper for asprintf(), working around it on systems without that
+ * function.
+ *
+ * Allocates a buffer large enough for the expanded format string plus a
+ * terminating '\0' byte, points *strp to it, and returns whatever the
+ * system's vasprintf() or vsprintf() returned.
+ *
+ * Returns -1 if "strp" is NULL.
+ * Returns -1 and sets *strp to NULL if "format" is NULL.
+ */
+int pv_asprintf(nullable_string_ptr *strp, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	char *new_string = NULL;
+	size_t new_size = 0;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (NULL == strp)
+		return -1;
+	*strp = NULL;
+	if (NULL == format)
+		return -1;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_VASPRINTF
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	/*@-unrecog@ */
+	ret = vasprintf(strp, format, ap);  /* flawfinder: ignore */
+	/*@+unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't know about vasprintf(). */
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	new_string = *strp;
+	new_size = (size_t) ret + 1;
+#else				/* ! HAVE_VASPRINTF */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_VSNPRINTF
+	/* Find out the required size. */
+	{
+		char tmpbuf[8];		 /* flawfinder: ignore - bounded by vsnprintf(). */
+		va_start(ap, format);
+		ret = vsnprintf(tmpbuf, 7, format, ap);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+		va_end(ap);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	/* Allocate a buffer big enough to include a terminating \0. */
+	new_size = (size_t) ret + 1;
+	new_string = malloc(new_size);
+	if (NULL == new_string)
+		return -1;
+	new_string[0] = '\0';
+
+	/* Generate the string. */
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	ret = vsnprintf(new_string, new_size, format, ap);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		int old_errno;
+		old_errno = errno;
+		free(new_string);
+		errno = old_errno;
+		return ret;
+	}
+	*strp = new_string;
+#else				/* ! HAVE_VSNPRINTF */
+	/*
+	 * Without vsnprintf(), determining the required size is impossible
+	 * without a buffer to write to.  The best effort here is to
+	 * allocate a large buffer, write to it, then duplicate the string
+	 * afterwards.  This means there's an arbitrary upper bound on
+	 * string size and there will be some heap fragmentation.
+	 */
+
+	/* Allocate a large buffer for the string. */
+	new_size = 16384;
+	new_string = malloc(new_size);
+	if (NULL == new_string)
+		return -1;
+	new_string[0] = '\0';
+
+	/* Generate the string. */
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	ret = vsprintf(new_string, format, ap);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		int old_errno;
+		old_errno = errno;
+		free(new_string);
+		errno = old_errno;
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	/* Duplicate the string into a buffer just long enough for it. */
+	*strp = pv_strdup(new_string);
+	if (NULL == *strp) {
+		int old_errno;
+		old_errno = errno;
+		free(new_string);
+		errno = old_errno;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* Free the original large buffer, and use the new one instead. */
+	free(new_string);
+	new_string = *strp;
+#endif				/* HAVE_VSNPRINTF */
+#endif				/* HAVE_VASPRINTF */
+
+	/* Terminate the new string. */
+	if (NULL != new_string && new_size > 0)
+		new_string[new_size - 1] = '\0';
+
+	/*
+	 * flawfinder rationale: this function replaces asprintf so
+	 * explicitly takes a non-constant format; also it explicitly
+	 * \0-terminates the output buffer.
+	 */
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /*
 * Implementation of strlcat() where it is unavailable: append a string to a
 * buffer, constraining the buffer to a particular size and ensuring
@@ -75,7 +202,7 @@ int pv_snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...)
 * byte.
 *
 * Returns the intended length of the string, not including the terminating
- * '\0', i.e.  strlen(src)+strlen(dst), regardless of whether truncation
+ * '\0', i.e. strlen(src)+strlen(dst), regardless of whether truncation
 * occurred.
 *
 * Note that this implementation has the side effect that "dst" will always
@@ -86,7 +213,9 @@ size_t pv_strlcat(char *dst, const char *src, size_t dstsize)
 #ifdef HAVE_STRLCAT
 	size_t result;

+	/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't recognise strlcat. */
 	result = strlcat(dst, src, dstsize);
+	/*@+unrecog@ */

 	if ((NULL != dst) && (dstsize > 0))
 		dst[dstsize - 1] = '\0';
@@ -108,8 +237,8 @@ size_t pv_strlcat(char *dst, const char *src, size_t dstsize)

 	/*
 	 * flawfinder rationale: src must explicitly be \0 terminated, so
-	 * this is up to the caller; with dst, we enforce \0 termination
-	 * before calling strlen().
+	 * this is up to the caller; with dst, \0 termination is enforced
+	 * before strlen() is called.
 	 */

 	available = dstsize - dstlen;
@@ -127,7 +256,7 @@ size_t pv_strlcat(char *dst, const char *src, size_t dstsize)
 */
 /*@null@ */
 /*@only@ */
-char *pv_strdup(const char *original)
+char *pv_strdup(const /*@null@ */ char *original)
 {
 	size_t length;
 	char *duplicate;
@@ -192,14 +321,15 @@ void *pv_memrchr(const void *buffer, int match, size_t length)
 * Return the number of display columns needed to show the
 * non-null-terminated string "string" whose length in bytes is "bytes".
 *
- * Skips ECMA-48 CSI (ESC [ ...) sequences, but any other control characters
- * are treated as printable.
+ * Skips ECMA-48 CSI (ESC [ ...) sequences, and OSC (ESC ] ...) sequences,
+ * but any other control characters are treated as printable.
 *
- * To do this, we convert it to a wide character string, and use the wide
- * character display width function "wcswidth()" on it.
+ * Internally, after skipping CSI or OSC sequences, the string is converted
+ * to a wide character string, and each wide character's width is checked
+ * with "wcswidth()".
 *
 * If NLS is disabled, or the string cannot be converted, this just returns
- * the value of "bytes".
+ * the number of bytes in the string that aren't part of CSI sequences.
 *
 * Note that this function uses internal buffers if the string is short
 * enough, otherwise it has to call malloc() and free(), so it becomes less
@@ -234,19 +364,36 @@ size_t pv_strwidth(const char *string, size_t bytes)
 		raw_string = allocated_raw;
 	}

-	/* Copy the original string, skipping ECMA-48 CSI sequences. */
+	/*
+	 * Copy the original string, skipping ECMA-48 CSI and OSC sequences.
+	 */
 	for (read_pos = 0, write_pos = 0; read_pos < bytes; read_pos++) {
-		if ((string[read_pos] != '\033') || (read_pos >= bytes - 1) || (string[read_pos + 1] != '[')) {
+		if ((string[read_pos] == '\033') && (read_pos < bytes - 1) && (string[read_pos + 1] == '[')) {
+			/* Skip CSI - ends with anything other than 0-9 or ';'. */
+			read_pos += 2;
+			while ((read_pos < bytes - 1)
+			       && ((string[read_pos] >= '0' && string[read_pos] <= '9')
+				   || (';' == string[read_pos])
+			       )
+			    ) {
+				read_pos++;
+			}
+		} else if ((string[read_pos] == '\033') && (read_pos < bytes - 1) && (string[read_pos + 1] == ']')) {
+			/* Skip OSC - ends with BEL or ST (ESC \). */
+			read_pos += 2;
+			while (read_pos < bytes - 1) {
+				if (string[read_pos] == '\007') {
+					break;
+				}
+				if ((string[read_pos] == '\033') && (string[1 + read_pos] == '\\')) {
+					read_pos++;
+					break;
+				}
+				read_pos++;
+			}
+		} else {
+			/* Don't skip, copy across. */
 			raw_string[write_pos++] = string[read_pos];
-			continue;
-		}
-		read_pos += 2;
-		while ((read_pos < bytes - 1)
-		       && ((string[read_pos] >= '0' && string[read_pos] <= '9')
-			   || (';' == string[read_pos])
-		       )
-		    ) {
-			read_pos++;
 		}
 	}
 	raw_string[write_pos] = '\0';
@@ -276,7 +423,7 @@ size_t pv_strwidth(const char *string, size_t bytes)
 	} else {
 		allocated_wide = malloc(wide_string_buffer_size);
 		if (NULL == allocated_wide) {
-			perror("malloc");
+			pv_perror("%s", "malloc");
 			if (NULL != allocated_raw)
 				free(allocated_raw);
 			return raw_bytes;
@@ -288,7 +435,7 @@ size_t pv_strwidth(const char *string, size_t bytes)
 	if (mbstowcs(wide_string, raw_string, 1 + wide_char_count) == (size_t) -1) {
 		debug("%s: %s: %s", "mbstowcs", raw_string, strerror(errno));
 	} else if (NULL != wide_string) {
-		/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint seems unable to see the prototype. */
+		/*@-unrecog@ *//* splint doesn't see the prototype. */
 		width = wcswidth(wide_string, wide_char_count);
 		/*@+unrecog@ */
 	} else {
@@ -307,9 +454,9 @@ size_t pv_strwidth(const char *string, size_t bytes)


 /*
- * Return true if the character is printable.  This function is used instead
- * of the macro from <ctype.h> to avoid causing versioned glibc dependencies
- * on some systems.
+ * Return true if the character is printable 7-bit ASCII.  This function is
+ * used instead of the macro from <ctype.h> to avoid causing versioned glibc
+ * dependencies on some systems.
 */
 bool pv_isprint(char c)
 {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Functions for watching file descriptors in other processes.
 *
- * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2025 Andrew Wood
+ * Copyright 2002-2008, 2010, 2012-2015, 2017, 2021, 2023-2026 Andrew Wood
 *
 * License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later; see `docs/COPYING'.
 */
@@ -36,23 +36,27 @@

 /*
 * Set info->size to the size of the file info->file_fdpath points to,
- * assuming that info->sb_fd has been populated by stat(), or to 0 if the
- * file size could not be determined or the file was opened in write mode;
- * returns false if the file was not a block device or regular file.
+ * assuming that info->sb_fd has already been populated by stat(), or to 0
+ * if the file size could not be determined or the file was opened in write
+ * mode; returns false if the file was not a block device or regular file.
 */
 static bool filesize(pvwatchfd_t info)
 {
+	if (NULL == info)
+		return false;
+	if (NULL == info->file_fdpath)
+		return false;
 	if (S_ISBLK(info->sb_fd.st_mode)) {
 		int fd;

 		/*
-		 * Get the size of block devices by opening
-		 * them and seeking to the end.
+		 * Get the size of block devices by opening them and seeking
+		 * to the end.
 		 */
 		fd = open(info->file_fdpath, O_RDONLY);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 		/*
 		 * flawfinder: redirection check below; risk is minimal as
-		 * we are not actually reading any data here.
+		 * no reads are performed.
 		 */
 		if (fd >= 0) {
 			/*
@@ -72,10 +76,14 @@ static bool filesize(pvwatchfd_t info)
 			info->size = 0;
 		}
 	} else if (S_ISREG(info->sb_fd.st_mode)) {
+
+		/* Regular file - use its st_size. */
 		if ((info->sb_fd_link.st_mode & S_IWUSR) == 0) {
 			info->size = info->sb_fd.st_size;
 		}
 	} else {
+
+		/* Not a block device or a file, so the size is unknown. */
 		return false;
 	}

@@ -85,7 +93,23 @@ static bool filesize(pvwatchfd_t info)
 /*@+type@*/

 #ifdef __APPLE__
-int pv_watchfd_info(pvstate_t state, pvwatchfd_t info, bool automatic)
+/*
+ * Populate the "info" structure with the file paths and stat details of the
+ * process and file descriptor pair given within that structure.
+ *
+ * Returns nonzero on error - error codes are:
+ *
+ *  -1 - info or state were NULL
+ *   1 - process does not exist
+ *   2 - not applicable (see the alternative pv_watchfd_info() below)
+ *   3 - lookup of the file descriptor destination failed
+ *   4 - file descriptor is not opened on a regular file
+ *
+ * If "automatic" is true, then this fd was picked automatically, and so if
+ * it's not readable or not a regular file, no error is reported with
+ * pv_error() when returning the error code.
+ */
+static int pv_watchfd_info(pvstate_t state, pvwatchfd_t info, bool automatic)
 {
 	struct vnode_fdinfowithpath vnodeInfo = { };

@@ -96,7 +120,7 @@ int pv_watchfd_info(pvstate_t state, pvwatchfd_t info, bool automatic)

 	if (kill(info->watch_pid, 0) != 0) {
 		if (!automatic)
-			pv_error(state, "%s %u: %s", _("pid"), info->watch_pid, strerror(errno));
+			pv_perror("%s %u", _("pid"), info->watch_pid);
 		return 1;
 	}

@@ -105,26 +129,32 @@ int pv_watchfd_info(pvstate_t state, pvwatchfd_t info, bool automatic)
 				  PROC_PIDFDVNODEPATHINFO, &vnodeInfo,
 				  PROC_PIDFDVNODEPATHINFO_SIZE);
 	if (size != PROC_PIDFDVNODEPATHINFO_SIZE) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s %u: %s %d: %s",
-			 _("pid"), info->watch_pid, _("fd"), info->watch_fd, strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s %u: %s %d", _("pid"), info->watch_pid, _("fd"), info->watch_fd);
 		return 3;
 	}

-	strlcpy(info->file_fdpath, vnodeInfo.pvip.vip_path, PV_SIZEOF_FILE_FDPATH);
+	if (NULL != info->file_fdpath) {
+		free(info->file_fdpath);
+		info->file_fdpath = NULL;
+	}
+	info->file_fdpath = pv_strdup(vnodeInfo.pvip.vip_path);
+	if (NULL == info->file_fdpath) {
+		pv_perror("%s %u: %s %d", _("pid"), info->watch_pid, _("fd"), info->watch_fd);
+		return 3;
+	}

 	info->size = 0;

 	if (!(0 == stat(info->file_fdpath, &(info->sb_fd)))) {
 		if (!automatic)
-			pv_error(state, "%s %u: %s %d: %s: %s",
-				 _("pid"),
-				 info->watch_pid, _("fd"), info->watch_fd, info->file_fdpath, strerror(errno));
+			pv_perror("%s %u: %s %d: %s",
+				  _("pid"), info->watch_pid, _("fd"), info->watch_fd, info->file_fdpath);
 		return 3;
 	}

 	if (!filesize(info)) {
 		if (!automatic)
-			pv_error(state, "%s %u: %s %d: %s: %s",
+			pv_error("%s %u: %s %d: %s: %s",
 				 _("pid"),
 				 info->watch_pid,
 				 _("fd"), info->watch_fd, info->file_fdpath, _("not a regular file or block device"));
@@ -137,9 +167,8 @@ int pv_watchfd_info(pvstate_t state, pvwatchfd_t info, bool automatic)
 #else

 /*
- * Fill in the given information structure with the file paths and stat
- * details of the given file descriptor within the given process (given
- * within the info structure).
+ * Populate the "info" structure with the file paths and stat details of the
+ * process and file descriptor pair given within that structure.
 *
 * Returns nonzero on error - error codes are:
 *
@@ -150,10 +179,10 @@ int pv_watchfd_info(pvstate_t state, pvwatchfd_t info, bool automatic)
 *   4 - file descriptor is not opened on a regular file
 *
 * If "automatic" is true, then this fd was picked automatically, and so if
- * it's not readable or not a regular file, no error is displayed and the
- * function just returns an error code.
+ * it's not readable or not a regular file, no error is reported with
+ * pv_error() when returning the error code.
 */
-int pv_watchfd_info(pvstate_t state, pvwatchfd_t info, bool automatic)
+static int pv_watchfd_info(pvstate_t state, pvwatchfd_t info, bool automatic)
 {
 	if (NULL == state)
 		return -1;
@@ -162,43 +191,98 @@ int pv_watchfd_info(pvstate_t state, pvwatchfd_t info, bool automatic)

 	if (kill(info->watch_pid, 0) != 0) {
 		if (!automatic)
-			pv_error(state, "%s %u: %s", _("pid"), info->watch_pid, strerror(errno));
+			pv_perror("%s %u", _("pid"), info->watch_pid);
 		return 1;
 	}
-	(void) pv_snprintf(info->file_fdinfo, PV_SIZEOF_FILE_FDINFO,
-			   "/proc/%u/fdinfo/%d", info->watch_pid, info->watch_fd);
-	(void) pv_snprintf(info->file_fd, PV_SIZEOF_FILE_FD, "/proc/%u/fd/%d", info->watch_pid, info->watch_fd);

-	memset(info->file_fdpath, 0, PV_SIZEOF_FILE_FDPATH);
-	if (readlink(info->file_fd, info->file_fdpath, PV_SIZEOF_FILE_FDPATH - 1) < 0) {	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-		/*
-		 * flawfinder: memset() has put \0 at the end already, and
-		 * we tell readlink() to use 1 byte less than the buffer
-		 * length, so \0 termination is assured.  There is no
-		 * mitigation for the risk of the link changing while we
-		 * read it, but we are only reading from the destination,
-		 * and then only if it's a block device - see filesize().
-		 */
+	/* Build the string containing the path to the /proc fdinfo file. */
+	if (NULL != info->file_fdinfo) {
+		free(info->file_fdinfo);
+		info->file_fdinfo = NULL;
+	}
+	if ((pv_asprintf(&(info->file_fdinfo), "/proc/%u/fdinfo/%d", info->watch_pid, info->watch_fd) < 0)
+	    || (NULL == info->file_fdinfo)) {
 		if (!automatic)
-			pv_error(state, "%s %u: %s %d: %s",
-				 _("pid"), info->watch_pid, _("fd"), info->watch_fd, strerror(errno));
+			pv_perror("%s %u", _("pid"), info->watch_pid);
 		return 2;
 	}

-	if (!((0 == stat(info->file_fd, &(info->sb_fd)))
-	      && (0 == lstat(info->file_fd, &(info->sb_fd_link))))) {
+	/* Build the string containing the path to the /proc fd symlink. */
+	if (NULL != info->file_fdsymlink) {
+		free(info->file_fdsymlink);
+		info->file_fdsymlink = NULL;
+	}
+	if ((pv_asprintf(&(info->file_fdsymlink), "/proc/%u/fd/%d", info->watch_pid, info->watch_fd) < 0)
+	    || (NULL == info->file_fdsymlink)) {
 		if (!automatic)
-			pv_error(state, "%s %u: %s %d: %s: %s",
-				 _("pid"),
-				 info->watch_pid, _("fd"), info->watch_fd, info->file_fdpath, strerror(errno));
+			pv_perror("%s %u", _("pid"), info->watch_pid);
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+	/* Get a string containing the path that the /proc fd symlink points to. */
+	if (NULL != info->file_fdpath) {
+		free(info->file_fdpath);
+		info->file_fdpath = NULL;
+	}
+	/* Try buffers of different sizes - see readlink(2). */
+	{
+		size_t try_size;
+
+		for (try_size = 16; try_size <= 16384; try_size = try_size * 2) {
+			ssize_t bytes_stored;
+
+			if (NULL != info->file_fdpath) {
+				free(info->file_fdpath);
+				info->file_fdpath = NULL;
+			}
+			/*@-mustfreeonly@ *//* splint mis-detects this as a memory leak. */
+			info->file_fdpath = calloc(1, try_size);
+			/*@+mustfreeonly@ */
+			if (NULL == info->file_fdpath)
+				break;
+
+			bytes_stored = readlink(info->file_fdsymlink, info->file_fdpath, try_size - 1);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+			/*
+			 * flawfinder: the risk is minimal, as no reads are
+			 * performed.
+			 */
+			if (bytes_stored < 0) {
+				int old_errno;
+				old_errno = errno;
+				free(info->file_fdpath);
+				info->file_fdpath = NULL;
+				errno = old_errno;
+				break;
+			} else if (bytes_stored < (ssize_t) (try_size - 1)) {
+				info->file_fdpath[bytes_stored] = '\0';
+				break;
+			} else {
+				free(info->file_fdpath);
+				info->file_fdpath = NULL;
+				errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (NULL == info->file_fdpath) {
+		if (!automatic)
+			pv_perror("%s %u: %s %d", _("pid"), info->watch_pid, _("fd"), info->watch_fd);
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+	/* Run stat() on the /proc fd symlink and the path it points to. */
+	if (!((0 == stat(info->file_fdsymlink, &(info->sb_fd)))
+	      && (0 == lstat(info->file_fdsymlink, &(info->sb_fd_link))))) {
+		if (!automatic)
+			pv_perror("%s %u: %s %d: %s",
+				  _("pid"), info->watch_pid, _("fd"), info->watch_fd, info->file_fdpath);
 		return 3;
 	}

+	/* Find the size of the path pointed to. */
 	info->size = 0;
-
 	if (!filesize(info)) {
 		if (!automatic)
-			pv_error(state, "%s %u: %s %d: %s: %s",
+			pv_error("%s %u: %s %d: %s: %s",
 				 _("pid"),
 				 info->watch_pid,
 				 _("fd"), info->watch_fd, info->file_fdpath, _("not a regular file or block device"));
@@ -217,17 +301,22 @@ bool pv_watchfd_changed(pvwatchfd_t info)
 #else
 /*
 * Return true if the given file descriptor has changed in some way since
- * we started looking at it (i.e. changed destination or permissions).
+ * it was first detected (i.e. changed destination or permissions).
 */
 bool pv_watchfd_changed(pvwatchfd_t info)
 {
 	struct stat sb_fd, sb_fd_link;

+	if (NULL == info)
+		return false;
+	if (NULL == info->file_fdsymlink)
+		return false;
+
 	memset(&sb_fd, 0, sizeof(sb_fd));
 	memset(&sb_fd_link, 0, sizeof(sb_fd_link));

-	if ((0 == stat(info->file_fd, &sb_fd))
-	    && (0 == lstat(info->file_fd, &sb_fd_link))) {
+	if ((0 == stat(info->file_fdsymlink, &sb_fd))
+	    && (0 == lstat(info->file_fdsymlink, &sb_fd_link))) {
 		if ((sb_fd.st_dev != info->sb_fd.st_dev)
 		    || (sb_fd.st_ino != info->sb_fd.st_ino)
 		    || (sb_fd_link.st_mode != info->sb_fd_link.st_mode)
@@ -266,9 +355,14 @@ off_t pv_watchfd_position(pvwatchfd_t info)
 	long long pos_long;
 	FILE *fptr;

+	if (NULL == info)
+		return -1;
+
 	if (pv_watchfd_changed(info))
 		return -1;

+	if (NULL == info->file_fdinfo)
+		return -1;
 	fptr = fopen(info->file_fdinfo, "r");	/* flawfinder: ignore */
 	/* flawfinder: trusted location (/proc). */
 	if (NULL == fptr)
@@ -293,11 +387,18 @@ off_t pv_watchfd_position(pvwatchfd_t info)


 #ifdef __APPLE__
+/*
+ * Allocate an array of proc_fdinfo structs containing details of the file
+ * descriptors opened by process "pid", placing the pointer to the array
+ * into *fds and the number of entries in it into *count.
+ *
+ * Returns nonzero on error, and reports the error.
+ */
 static int pidfds(pvstate_t state, unsigned int pid, struct proc_fdinfo **fds, int *count)
 {
 	int size_needed = proc_pidinfo(pid, PROC_PIDLISTFDS, 0, 0, 0);
 	if (size_needed == -1) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s: unable to list pid fds: %s", _("pid"), strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s %u", _("pid"), pid);
 		return -1;
 	}

@@ -305,7 +406,7 @@ static int pidfds(pvstate_t state, unsigned int pid, struct proc_fdinfo **fds, i

 	*fds = (struct proc_fdinfo *) malloc(size_needed);
 	if (*fds == NULL) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s: alloc failed: %s", _("pid"), strerror(errno));
+		pv_perror("%s %u", _("pid"), pid);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	memset(*fds, 0, size_needed);
@@ -329,7 +430,7 @@ static int pidfds(pvstate_t state, unsigned int pid, struct proc_fdinfo **fds, i
 /*
 * Extend the info array by one, returning false on error.
 */
-static bool extend_info_array(int *array_length_ptr, pvwatchfd_t * info_array_ptr)
+static bool extend_info_array(int *array_length_ptr, pvwatchfd_t *info_array_ptr)
 {
 	int array_length = 0;
 	struct pvwatchfd_s *info_array = NULL;
@@ -354,6 +455,10 @@ static bool extend_info_array(int *array_length_ptr, pvwatchfd_t * info_array_pt
 		return false;
 	}

+	new_info_array[array_length - 1].unused = true;
+
+	debug("%s", "extended info array");
+
 	*info_array_ptr = new_info_array;
 	*array_length_ptr = array_length;
 	return true;
@@ -365,54 +470,128 @@ static bool extend_info_array(int *array_length_ptr, pvwatchfd_t * info_array_pt


 /*
- * Scan the given process and update the arrays with any new file
- * descriptors.
+ * Reset calculated values in the given watchfd info structure.
+ */
+static void pv_reset_watchfd(pvwatchfd_t info)
+{
+	if (NULL == info)
+		return;
+	pv_reset_calc(&(info->calc));
+	pv_reset_transfer(&(info->transfer));
+	pv_reset_flags(&(info->flags));
+	pv_reset_display(&(info->display));
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Free dynamically allocated areas in the given watchfd info structure.
+ */
+void pv_freecontents_watchfd(pvwatchfd_t info)
+{
+	if (NULL == info)
+		return;
+	pv_freecontents_calc(&(info->calc));
+	pv_freecontents_transfer(&(info->transfer));
+	pv_freecontents_display(&(info->display));
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#else
+	if (NULL != info->file_fdinfo) {
+		free(info->file_fdinfo);
+		info->file_fdinfo = NULL;
+	}
+	if (NULL != info->file_fdsymlink) {
+		free(info->file_fdsymlink);
+		info->file_fdsymlink = NULL;
+	}
+#endif
+	if (NULL != info->file_fdpath) {
+		free(info->file_fdpath);
+		info->file_fdpath = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Comparison function for qsort, to compare two pvwatchfd_s structures.
+ */
+static int pv_compare_watchfd(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	int fd_a, fd_b;
+
+	fd_a = 0;
+	fd_b = 0;
+	if (NULL != a)
+		fd_a = ((pvwatchfd_t) a)->watch_fd;
+	if (NULL != b)
+		fd_b = ((pvwatchfd_t) b)->watch_fd;
+
+	if (fd_a < fd_b)
+		return -1;
+	if (fd_a > fd_b)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Scan the process "watch_pid" and update the arrays with any new file
+ * descriptors.  If "watch_fd" is not -1, then all other file descriptor
+ * numbers will be ignored,
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, 1 if the process no longer exists or could not be
 * read, or 2 for a memory allocation error.
 */
-int pv_watchpid_scanfds(pvstate_t state,
-			pid_t watch_pid, int *array_length_ptr, pvwatchfd_t * info_array_ptr, int *fd_to_idx)
+int pv_watchpid_scanfds(pvstate_t state, pid_t watch_pid, int watch_fd, int *array_length_ptr,
+			pvwatchfd_t *info_array_ptr)
 {
 	int array_length = 0;
 	struct pvwatchfd_s *info_array = NULL;
+	bool changes_made;

 #ifdef __APPLE__
 	struct proc_fdinfo *fd_infos = NULL;
 	int fd_infos_count = 0;

 	if (pidfds(state, watch_pid, &fd_infos, &fd_infos_count) != 0) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s: pidfds failed", _("pid"));
+		pv_error("%s %u: pidfds failed", _("pid"), watch_pid);
 		return -1;
 	}
 #else
-	char fd_dir[512];		 /* flawfinder: ignore - zeroed, bounded with pv_snprintf(). */
+	nullable_string_ptr fd_dir = NULL;
 	DIR *dptr;
-	struct dirent *d;
+	const struct dirent *d;

-	memset(fd_dir, 0, sizeof(fd_dir));
-	(void) pv_snprintf(fd_dir, sizeof(fd_dir), "/proc/%u/fd", watch_pid);
+	if ((pv_asprintf(&fd_dir, "/proc/%u/fd", watch_pid) < 0) || (NULL == fd_dir)) {
+		pv_perror("%s %u", _("pid"), watch_pid);
+		return 2;
+	}

 	dptr = opendir(fd_dir);
-	if (NULL == dptr)
+	if (NULL == dptr) {
+		free(fd_dir);
 		return 1;
+	}
+
+	free(fd_dir);
+	fd_dir = NULL;
 #endif

 	array_length = *array_length_ptr;
 	info_array = *info_array_ptr;

+	changes_made = false;
+
 #ifdef __APPLE__
 	if (fd_infos_count < 1) {
-		pv_error(state, "%s: no fds found", _("pid"));
+		pv_error("%s %u: no fds found", _("pid"), watch_pid);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	for (int i = 0; i < fd_infos_count; i++) {
 #else
 	while ((d = readdir(dptr)) != NULL) {
 #endif
-		int fd, check_idx, use_idx, rc;
+		int fd, check_idx, found_idx, use_idx, rc;
 		off_t position_now;
-		const char *use_format_string;

 		fd = -1;
 #ifdef __APPLE__
@@ -422,24 +601,45 @@ int pv_watchpid_scanfds(pvstate_t state,
 			continue;
 #endif

-		/* Skip if the fd is outside the array. */
-		if ((fd < 0) || (fd >= FD_SETSIZE))
+		/* Skip if the fd is negative. */
+		if (fd < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		/* If a watch_fd was specified, skip if this isn't it. */
+		if (watch_fd >= 0 && watch_fd != fd)
 			continue;

 		/*
-		 * Skip if this fd is already known to us.
+		 * Skip if this fd is already known.
 		 */
-		if (fd_to_idx[fd] != -1) {
-			continue;
+		found_idx = -1;
+		for (check_idx = 0; check_idx < array_length && NULL != info_array; check_idx++) {
+			if (info_array[check_idx].unused)
+				continue;
+			if (info_array[check_idx].watch_fd != fd)
+				continue;
+			if (info_array[check_idx].closed) {
+				/*
+				 * If the fd is known but closed,
+				 * immediately free it for re-use.
+				 */
+				info_array[check_idx].unused = true;
+				info_array[check_idx].displayable = false;
+				pv_freecontents_watchfd(&(info_array[check_idx]));
+				continue;
+			}
+			found_idx = check_idx;
+			break;
 		}
+		if (found_idx >= 0)
+			continue;

 		/*
-		 * See if there's an empty slot we can re-use. An empty slot
-		 * has a watch_pid of 0.
+		 * Check for an empty slot to re-use.
 		 */
 		use_idx = -1;
-		for (check_idx = 0; check_idx < array_length; check_idx++) {
-			if (info_array[check_idx].watch_pid == 0) {
+		for (check_idx = 0; check_idx < array_length && NULL != info_array; check_idx++) {
+			if (info_array[check_idx].unused) {
 				use_idx = check_idx;
 				break;
 			}
@@ -456,63 +656,32 @@ int pv_watchpid_scanfds(pvstate_t state,
 			use_idx = array_length - 1;
 		}

+		/* At this point, the array should exist. */
+		if (NULL == info_array)
+			return 2;
+
 		debug("%s: %d => index %d", "found new fd", fd, use_idx);

+		changes_made = true;
+
 		/*
 		 * Initialise the details of this new entry.
 		 */
 		memset(&(info_array[use_idx]), 0, sizeof(info_array[use_idx]));

+		pv_reset_watchfd(&(info_array[use_idx]));
 		info_array[use_idx].watch_pid = watch_pid;
 		info_array[use_idx].watch_fd = fd;
-
-		/* Allocate new display state. */
-		/*@-mustfreeonly@ *//* splint - this is not a leak, this is a new entry. */
-		info_array[use_idx].state = pv_state_alloc(state->status.program_name);
-		/*@+mustfreeonly@ */
-		if (NULL == info_array[use_idx].state)
-			return 2;
-
-		/* Copy the main status.cwd value to the new state. */
-		memcpy(&(info_array[use_idx].state->status.cwd), &(state->status.cwd), sizeof(state->status.cwd));	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-		/* flawfinder: bounded to destination object size. */
+		info_array[use_idx].closed = false;
+		info_array[use_idx].unused = false;
+		info_array[use_idx].displayable = true;

 		/*
-		 * Copy over all the control values, blanking out the
-		 * dynamically allocated strings, and setting the default
-		 * format (fixed buffer) to the required format string
-		 * instead of allocating a new dynamic format string for the
-		 * copy (so there's less dynamic allocation going on).
+		 * Set the average rate window so that a new history buffer
+		 * is allocated for this state.
 		 */
-		memcpy(&(info_array[use_idx].state->control), &(state->control), sizeof(state->control));	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-		/* flawfinder: bounded to destination object size. */
-		/*@-mustfreeonly@ *//* splint - this is not a leak, this is a new entry. */
-		info_array[use_idx].state->control.name = NULL;
-		info_array[use_idx].state->control.format_string = NULL;
-		info_array[use_idx].state->control.output_name = NULL;
-		/*@+mustfreeonly@ */
-		info_array[use_idx].state->control.default_format[0] = '\0';
-		use_format_string =
-		    NULL != state->control.format_string ? state->control.format_string : state->control.default_format;
-		if (NULL != use_format_string)
-			(void) pv_snprintf(info_array[use_idx].state->control.default_format, PV_SIZEOF_DEFAULT_FORMAT,
-					   "%.510s", use_format_string);
-
-		/*
-		 * Copy over all the display values, blanking out the
-		 * dynamically allocated parts as above; then set the
-		 * average rate window so that a new history buffer is
-		 * allocated for this state.
-		 */
-		memcpy(&(info_array[use_idx].state->display), &(state->display), sizeof(state->display));	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-		/* flawfinder: bounded to destination object size. */
-		/*@-mustfreeonly@ *//* splint - this is not a leak, this is a new entry. */
-		info_array[use_idx].state->display.display_buffer = NULL;
-		info_array[use_idx].state->display.display_buffer_size = 0;
-		info_array[use_idx].state->calc.history = NULL;
-		info_array[use_idx].state->calc.history_len = 0;
-		/*@+mustfreeonly@ */
-		pv_state_average_rate_window_set(info_array[use_idx].state, state->control.average_rate_window);
+		(void) pv_update_calc_average_rate_window(&(info_array[use_idx].calc),
+							  state->control.average_rate_window);

 #ifdef __APPLE__
 		if (fd_infos[i].proc_fdtype != PROX_FDTYPE_VNODE) {
@@ -520,70 +689,33 @@ int pv_watchpid_scanfds(pvstate_t state,
 		}
 #endif
 		/* Retrieve the details of this file descriptor. */
-		rc = pv_watchfd_info(state, &(info_array[use_idx]), true);
+		rc = pv_watchfd_info(state, &(info_array[use_idx]), -1 == watch_fd ? true : false);

 		/*
 		 * Lookup failed - mark this slot as being free for re-use.
 		 */
 		if ((rc != 0) && (rc != 4)) {
 			debug("%s %d: %s: %d", "fd", fd, "lookup failed - marking slot for re-use", use_idx);
-			info_array[use_idx].watch_pid = 0;
-			if (NULL != info_array[use_idx].state)
-				pv_state_free(info_array[use_idx].state);
-			/*@-mustfreeonly@ *//* not a leak - we've just free()d it. */
-			info_array[use_idx].state = NULL;
-			/*@+mustfreeonly@ */
+			pv_freecontents_watchfd(&(info_array[use_idx]));
+			info_array[use_idx].unused = true;
+			info_array[use_idx].displayable = false;
 			continue;
 		}

-		fd_to_idx[fd] = use_idx;
-
 		/*
-		 * Not displayable - set fd to -1 so the main loop doesn't
-		 * show it.
+		 * Not displayable - mark it as such so the main loop
+		 * doesn't show it.
 		 */
 		if (rc != 0) {
 			debug("%s %d: %s", "fd", fd, "marking as not displayable");
-			info_array[use_idx].watch_fd = -1;
-		}
-
-		/* NULL check on the state - skip if not usable. */
-		if (NULL == info_array[use_idx].state) {
-			debug("%s %d: %s", "fd", fd, "state is NULL - marking as not displayable");
-			info_array[use_idx].watch_fd = -1;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * Set the displayed size appropriately; if the size is 0,
-		 * or not known, remove %e and %I from the state's default
-		 * format string so that neither estimated time remaining
-		 * nor estimated time of completion are displayed.
-		 */
-		info_array[use_idx].state->control.size = info_array[use_idx].size;
-		if (info_array[use_idx].state->control.size < 1) {
-			char *fmt;
-			while (NULL != (fmt = strstr(info_array[use_idx].state->control.default_format, "%e"))) {
-				debug("%s", "zero size - removing estimated time remaining");
-				/* strlen-1 here to include trailing \0 */
-				memmove(fmt, fmt + 2, strlen(fmt) - 1);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-				info_array[use_idx].state->flag.reparse_display = 1;
-			}
-			while (NULL != (fmt = strstr(info_array[use_idx].state->control.default_format, "%I"))) {
-				debug("%s", "zero size - removing estimated completion time");
-				/* strlen-1 here to include trailing \0 */
-				memmove(fmt, fmt + 2, strlen(fmt) - 1);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-				info_array[use_idx].state->flag.reparse_display = 1;
-			}
-			/* flawfinder: default_format is always \0-terminated. */
+			info_array[use_idx].displayable = false;
 		}

 		/* Set the info display_name appropriately. */
 		pv_watchpid_setname(state, &(info_array[use_idx]));

-		/* Carry the display_name through to the display state, and reparse. */
-		pv_state_name_set(info_array[use_idx].state, info_array[use_idx].display_name);
-		info_array[use_idx].state->flag.reparse_display = 1;
+		/* Force the display to be re-parsed. */
+		info_array[use_idx].flags.reparse_display = 1;

 		pv_elapsedtime_read(&(info_array[use_idx].start_time));

@@ -592,11 +724,11 @@ int pv_watchpid_scanfds(pvstate_t state,
 		 * display), if known, so that ETA and so on are calculated
 		 * correctly.
 		 */
-		info_array[use_idx].state->display.initial_offset = 0;
+		info_array[use_idx].display.initial_offset = 0;
 		info_array[use_idx].position = 0;
 		position_now = pv_watchfd_position(&(info_array[use_idx]));
 		if (position_now >= 0) {
-			info_array[use_idx].state->display.initial_offset = position_now;
+			info_array[use_idx].display.initial_offset = position_now;
 			info_array[use_idx].position = position_now;
 		}
 	}
@@ -608,6 +740,14 @@ int pv_watchpid_scanfds(pvstate_t state,
 	(void) closedir(dptr);
 #endif

+	/*
+	 * If any changes were made (i.e. new file descriptors were found),
+	 * sort the array so that file descriptors are always displayed in
+	 * ascending numerical order.
+	 */
+	if (changes_made && NULL != info_array && array_length > 1)
+		qsort(info_array, (size_t) array_length, sizeof(info_array[0]), pv_compare_watchfd);
+
 	return 0;
 }

@@ -616,6 +756,9 @@ int pv_watchpid_scanfds(pvstate_t state,
 * Set the display name for the given watched file descriptor, truncating at
 * the relevant places according to the current screen width.
 *
+ * If more than one distinct PID is being watched, include the PID in the
+ * name as well as the file descriptor number.
+ *
 * If the file descriptor is pointing to a file under the current working
 * directory, show its relative path, not the full path.
 */
@@ -623,14 +766,24 @@ void pv_watchpid_setname(pvstate_t state, pvwatchfd_t info)
 {
 	size_t path_length, cwd_length;
 	int max_display_length;
-	char *file_fdpath = info->file_fdpath;
+	char *file_fdpath;
+
+	if (NULL == info)
+		return;
+
+	file_fdpath = info->file_fdpath;

 	memset(info->display_name, 0, PV_SIZEOF_DISPLAY_NAME);
+	if (NULL == file_fdpath)
+		return;

 	path_length = strlen(info->file_fdpath);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
-	cwd_length = strlen(state->status.cwd);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+	cwd_length = 0;
+	if (NULL != state->status.cwd) {
+		cwd_length = strlen(state->status.cwd);	/* flawfinder: ignore */
+	}
 	/* flawfinder: both strings are always \0 terminated. */
-	if (cwd_length > 0 && path_length > cwd_length) {
+	if (cwd_length > 0 && path_length > cwd_length && NULL != state->status.cwd) {
 		if (0 == strncmp(info->file_fdpath, state->status.cwd, cwd_length)) {
 			file_fdpath += cwd_length + 1;
 			path_length -= cwd_length + 1;
@@ -638,20 +791,36 @@ void pv_watchpid_setname(pvstate_t state, pvwatchfd_t info)
 	}

 	max_display_length = (int) (state->control.width / 2) - 6;
+	if (state->watchfd.multiple_pids)
+		max_display_length -= 9;
 	if (max_display_length >= (int) path_length) {
-		(void) pv_snprintf(info->display_name,
-				   PV_SIZEOF_DISPLAY_NAME, "%4d:%.498s", info->watch_fd, file_fdpath);
+		if (state->watchfd.multiple_pids) {
+			(void) pv_snprintf(info->display_name,
+					   PV_SIZEOF_DISPLAY_NAME, "%8d:%4d:%.498s", (int) (info->watch_pid),
+					   info->watch_fd, file_fdpath);
+		} else {
+			(void) pv_snprintf(info->display_name,
+					   PV_SIZEOF_DISPLAY_NAME, "%4d:%.498s", info->watch_fd, file_fdpath);
+		}
 	} else {
 		int prefix_length, suffix_length;

 		prefix_length = max_display_length / 4;
 		suffix_length = max_display_length - prefix_length - 3;

-		(void) pv_snprintf(info->display_name,
-				   PV_SIZEOF_DISPLAY_NAME,
-				   "%4d:%.*s...%.*s",
-				   info->watch_fd, prefix_length,
-				   file_fdpath, suffix_length, file_fdpath + path_length - suffix_length);
+		if (state->watchfd.multiple_pids) {
+			(void) pv_snprintf(info->display_name,
+					   PV_SIZEOF_DISPLAY_NAME,
+					   "%8d:%4d:%.*s...%.*s",
+					   (int) (info->watch_pid), info->watch_fd, prefix_length,
+					   file_fdpath, suffix_length, file_fdpath + path_length - suffix_length);
+		} else {
+			(void) pv_snprintf(info->display_name,
+					   PV_SIZEOF_DISPLAY_NAME,
+					   "%4d:%.*s...%.*s",
+					   info->watch_fd, prefix_length,
+					   file_fdpath, suffix_length, file_fdpath + path_length - suffix_length);
+		}
 	}

 	debug("%s: %d: [%s]", "set name for fd", info->watch_fd, info->display_name);
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ if ! test "${valueCount}" -gt 0; then
 	exit 1
 fi

-# 8 or more different values - not OK.
+# 10 or more different values - not OK.
 #
-if ! test "${valueCount}" -lt 8; then
-	echo "more than 7 different values (${valueCount})"
+if ! test "${valueCount}" -lt 10; then
+	echo "more than 9 different values (${valueCount})"
 	tr '\r' '\n' < "${workFile1}" | sed '/^ *$/d' | sort | uniq
 	exit 1
 fi
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Check that EOF does not wait forever when the output pipe reader exits
+# without consuming bytes already written into the pipe.
+
+# Allow all tests to be skipped, e.g. during a release build
+test "${SKIP_ALL_TESTS}" = "1" && exit 77
+
+true "${testSubject:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+
+TIMEOUT=""
+if command -v timeout >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+	TIMEOUT="timeout"
+elif command -v gtimeout >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+	TIMEOUT="gtimeout"
+else
+	echo "timeout command not available"
+	exit 77
+fi
+
+# The reader keeps the pipe open briefly but reads nothing.  When it exits,
+# PV has no further input, so it must notice the closed reader without
+# relying on a later write returning EPIPE.
+if ! "${TIMEOUT}" 4 sh <<EOF
+printf "x" | "${testSubject}" -q -B 1 | sleep 1
+EOF
+then
+	echo "PV did not finish after the output pipe reader exited"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+exit 0
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Check that EOF does not wait forever when the upstream producer exits with
+# failure and the output pipe reader exits without consuming buffered bytes.
+
+# Allow all tests to be skipped, e.g. during a release build
+test "${SKIP_ALL_TESTS}" = "1" && exit 77
+
+true "${testSubject:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+
+TIMEOUT=""
+if command -v timeout >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+	TIMEOUT="timeout"
+elif command -v gtimeout >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+	TIMEOUT="gtimeout"
+else
+	echo "timeout command not available"
+	exit 77
+fi
+
+if ! command -v gzip >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+	echo "gzip command not available"
+	exit 77
+fi
+
+# The producer fails immediately and writes no data.  gzip still emits a small
+# valid empty stream, so PV writes bytes to its output pipe before reaching EOF.
+# The reader keeps the pipe open briefly but consumes nothing.
+if ! "${TIMEOUT}" 4 sh <<EOF
+false | gzip -1 -c -n | "${testSubject}" -q -B 1 | sleep 1
+EOF
+then
+	echo "PV did not finish after the input producer failed and the output reader exited"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+exit 0
@@ -65,4 +65,43 @@ pid=$!
 sleep 0.1
 { runWithValgrind -P "${workFile3}" -d "${pid}" -f -i 0.5 >/dev/null 2>&1; } 4>&1 || exit 1

+# Check "--watchfd PID1 PID2".
+seq 1 100 > "${workFile1}"
+seq 1 300 > "${workFile2}"
+true > "${workFile3}"
+# shellcheck disable=SC2030
+(
+while test -e "${workFile3}" && ! test -s "${workFile3}"; do sleep 0.1; done
+sleep 1
+read -r line
+exec 9<"${workFile2}"
+sleep 1
+exec 8<"${workFile1}"
+exec 7</dev/null
+sleep 1
+exec 9<&-
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+read -r line
+sleep 1
+) <"${workFile1}" &
+pid1=$!
+# shellcheck disable=SC2030
+(
+while test -e "${workFile3}" && ! test -s "${workFile3}"; do sleep 0.1; done
+sleep 1
+read -r line
+exec 9<"${workFile2}"
+sleep 1
+exec 8<"${workFile1}"
+exec 7</dev/null
+sleep 1
+exec 9<&-
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+read -r line
+sleep 1
+) <"${workFile1}" &
+pid2=$!
+sleep 0.1
+{ runWithValgrind -P "${workFile3}" -f -i 0.5 -d "${pid1}" "${pid2}" >/dev/null 2>&1; } 4>&1 || exit 1
+
 exit 0
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ dd if=/dev/zero bs=100 count=1 2>/dev/null \
 lineCount=$(wc -l < "${workFile1}" | tr -dc '0-9')
 finalLine=$(sed -n '$p' < "${workFile1}")

-# The number of output lines should be >8 and <13, and the final percentage
+# The number of output lines should be >6 and <13, and the final percentage
 # should be 50.
 #
-if ! test "${lineCount}" -gt 8; then
-	echo "part 1: fewer than 9 output lines (${lineCount})"
+if ! test "${lineCount}" -gt 6; then
+	echo "part 1: fewer than 7 output lines (${lineCount})"
 	exit 1
 fi
 if ! test "${lineCount}" -lt 13; then
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Similar to the "--size" check but, instead, using directory's size with
+# "--size @".
+
+# Allow all tests to be skipped, e.g. during a release build
+test "${SKIP_ALL_TESTS}" = "1" && exit 77
+
+true "${testSubject:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+true "${workFile1:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+true "${workFile2:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+
+# Process 100 bytes at 100 bytes per second, interval 0.1 seconds, with the
+# size set from a directory containing 10 files of $1/10 bytes, and
+# expecting a percentage of $2 at the end.
+sizeCheck () {
+	# Make a directory containing 10 files of $1/10 bytes each.
+	rm -rf "${workFile2}"
+	mkdir "${workFile2}"
+	mkdir "${workFile2}/subdir"
+	s="$1"
+	s=$((s/10))
+	for f in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+		dd if=/dev/zero bs="$s" count=1 2>/dev/null >"${workFile2}/$f"
+		dd if=/dev/zero bs="$s" count=1 2>/dev/null >"${workFile2}/subdir/$f"
+	done
+
+	# Run 100 bytes through the program, using the reference directory's
+	# total size as the percentage reference.
+	dd if=/dev/zero bs=100 count=1 2>/dev/null \
+	| "${testSubject}" -s "@${workFile2}" -n -i 0.1 -L 100 >/dev/null 2>"${workFile1}"
+
+	# If "-s @<directory>" is unsupported, skip the test.
+	if test $? -eq 64; then
+		rm -rf "${workFile2}"
+		echo 'not available on this build'
+		exit 77
+	fi
+
+	rm -rf "${workFile2}"
+
+	lineCount=$(wc -l < "${workFile1}" | tr -dc '0-9')
+	finalLine=$(sed -n '$p' < "${workFile1}")
+
+	# The number of output lines should be >5 and <13, and the final
+	# percentage should be $2.
+	#
+	if ! test "${lineCount}" -gt 5; then
+		echo "(reference size=$1) fewer than 6 output lines (${lineCount})"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	if ! test "${lineCount}" -lt 13; then
+		echo "(reference size=$1) more than 12 output lines (${lineCount})"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	if ! test "${finalLine}" = "$2"; then
+		echo "(reference size=$1): final percentage was not $2 (${finalLine})"
+		cat "${workFile1}"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+sizeCheck 100 100
+sizeCheck 200 50
+sizeCheck 50 200
+
+exit 0
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Check that monitoring of a simple command works.
+
+# Allow all tests to be skipped, e.g. during a release build
+test "${SKIP_ALL_TESTS}" = "1" && exit 77
+
+true "${testSubject:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+true "${workFile1:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+
+seq 1 100 | "${testSubject}" -M in -f -l -b -- awk 'FNR%2==0{print}' >/dev/null 2>"${workFile1}"
+
+counterValue=$(tr '\r' '\n' < "${workFile1}" | awk '/[0-9]/{print int($1)}' | sed -n '$p')
+if ! test "${counterValue}" = "100"; then
+	echo "in monitor: unexpected byte counter value: ${counterValue}"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+seq 1 100 | "${testSubject}" -M out -f -l -b -- awk 'FNR%2==0{print}' >/dev/null 2>"${workFile1}"
+
+counterValue=$(tr '\r' '\n' < "${workFile1}" | awk '/[0-9]/{print int($1)}' | sed -n '$p')
+if ! test "${counterValue}" = "50"; then
+	echo "out monitor: unexpected byte counter value: ${counterValue}"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+exit 0
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Transfer a large chunk of data through pv using pipes, sending it in a
+# bursty fashion, and make sure some of it consists of blocks of null bytes. 
+# Check data correctness afterwards, and if dd can produce a sparse file,
+# check that pv's output is also sparse.
+
+# Allow all tests to be skipped, e.g. during a release build
+test "${SKIP_ALL_TESTS}" = "1" && exit 77
+
+true "${testSubject:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+true "${workFile1:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+true "${workFile2:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+true "${workFile3:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+
+# generate some data, with a hole in the middle.
+dd if=/dev/urandom of="${workFile1}" bs=4096 count=640 2>/dev/null
+dd if=/dev/null of="${workFile1}" bs=4096 count=0 seek=1280 2>/dev/null
+dd if=/dev/urandom of="${workFile1}" bs=4096 count=1280 seek=1280 2>/dev/null
+
+# check that sparse files are supported.
+cat < "${workFile1}" > "${workFile3}"
+inputBlocks="$(ls -1s "${workFile1}" | awk '{print $1}')"
+nonSparseBlocks="$(ls -1s "${workFile3}" | awk '{print $1}')"
+if test "${inputBlocks}" -eq "${nonSparseBlocks}"; then
+	echo 'sparse files not supported'
+	exit 77
+fi
+
+inputChecksum=$(cksum "${workFile1}" | awk '{print $1}')
+
+# read through pv and test afterwards
+(
+dd if="${workFile1}" bs=1 count=9000
+sleep 1
+dd if="${workFile1}" bs=1 skip=9000 count=1240
+sleep 1
+dd if="${workFile1}" bs=1024 skip=10 count=1014
+sleep 1
+dd if="${workFile1}" bs=1024 skip=1024 count=1024
+sleep 1
+dd if="${workFile1}" bs=1024 skip=2048
+) 2>/dev/null | "${testSubject}" -q -O -L 2M | cat > "${workFile2}"
+
+outputChecksum=$(cksum "${workFile2}" | awk '{print $1}')
+
+if ! test "${inputChecksum}" = "${outputChecksum}"; then
+	echo "checksum mismatch with dd | pv | cat"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# same again but with one less pipe
+(
+dd if="${workFile1}" bs=1 count=9000
+sleep 1
+dd if="${workFile1}" bs=1 skip=9000 count=1240
+sleep 1
+dd if="${workFile1}" bs=1024 skip=10 count=1014
+sleep 1
+dd if="${workFile1}" bs=1024 skip=1024 count=1024
+sleep 1
+dd if="${workFile1}" bs=1024 skip=2048
+) 2>/dev/null | "${testSubject}" -q -O -L 2M > "${workFile2}"
+
+outputChecksum=$(cksum "${workFile2}" | awk '{print $1}')
+
+if ! test "${inputChecksum}" = "${outputChecksum}"; then
+	echo "checksum mismatch with dd | pv > file"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+outputBlocks="$(ls -1s "${workFile2}" | awk '{print $1}')"
+
+# Note that we only check that the output has any holes at all (and that the
+# input had holes).  We don't compare pv's output with dd's output directly,
+# because the exact number of holes might differ intermittently.
+
+if test "${nonSparseBlocks}" -gt "${inputBlocks}" && ! test "${outputBlocks}" -lt "${nonSparseBlocks}"; then
+	echo "output is not sparse"
+	echo "input file:"
+	ls -ls "${workFile1}"
+	echo "output file:"
+	ls -ls "${workFile2}"
+	echo "input file without holes:"
+	ls -ls "${workFile3}"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+exit 0
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Make sure -S stops reading at the given size.
+#
+# See https://codeberg.org/ivarch/pv/issues/166
+
+# Allow all tests to be skipped, e.g. during a release build
+test "${SKIP_ALL_TESTS}" = "1" && exit 77
+
+true "${testSubject:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+true "${workFile1:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+true "${workFile2:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+
+printf '%s\n' 'abcdefghi' | (
+"${testSubject}" -qSs5 > "${workFile1}"
+cat > "${workFile2}"
+)
+
+# pv should have read 5 bytes and put them into workFile1.
+pvOutput="$(cat "${workFile1}")"
+if ! test "${pvOutput}" = 'abcde'; then
+	echo "expected pv to write [abcde], got [${pvOutput}]"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# cat should have read the remaining bytes and put them into workFile2.
+catOutput="$(cat "${workFile2}")"
+if ! test "${catOutput}" = 'fghi'; then
+	echo "expected cat to write [fghi], got [${catOutput}]"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# Now repeat the test with -X to make sure there's no over-read there either.
+
+printf '%s\n' 'abcdefghi' | (
+"${testSubject}" -qXSs5 > "${workFile1}"
+cat > "${workFile2}"
+)
+
+# pv should have read 5 bytes and put nothing into workFile1.
+pvOutput="$(cat "${workFile1}")"
+if test -s "${workFile1}"; then
+	echo "with -X, expected pv to write nothing, got [${pvOutput}]"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# cat should have read the remaining bytes and put them into workFile2.
+catOutput="$(cat "${workFile2}")"
+if ! test "${catOutput}" = 'fghi'; then
+	echo "with pv -X, expected cat to write [fghi], got [${catOutput}]"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# Test again with -C to ensure that it works with splice turned off.
+
+printf '%s\n' 'abcdefghi' | (
+"${testSubject}" -qCSs5 > "${workFile1}"
+cat > "${workFile2}"
+)
+
+# pv should have read 5 bytes and put them into workFile1.
+pvOutput="$(cat "${workFile1}")"
+if ! test "${pvOutput}" = 'abcde'; then
+	echo "with -C, expected pv to write [abcde], got [${pvOutput}]"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# cat should have read the remaining bytes and put them into workFile2.
+catOutput="$(cat "${workFile2}")"
+if ! test "${catOutput}" = 'fghi'; then
+	echo "with pv -C, expected cat to write [fghi], got [${catOutput}]"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+exit 0
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Check that watching a process's file descriptors works as expected when
+# given multiple arguments.
+
+# Allow all tests to be skipped, e.g. during a release build
+test "${SKIP_ALL_TESTS}" = "1" && exit 77
+
+true "${testSubject:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+true "${workFile1:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+true "${workFile2:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+true "${workFile3:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+true "${workFile4:?not set - call this from 'make check'}"
+
+# Skip the test if "-d" is not available.
+if ! "${testSubject}" -h | grep -Fq ' -d'; then
+	echo "no \`--watchfd' / \`-d' option on this platform"
+	exit 77
+fi
+
+seq 1 100 > "${workFile1}"
+seq 1 300 > "${workFile2}"
+
+# Run two background processes to perform a few reads from a file.
+#
+# Each one only starts doing anything once the PV process below has started
+# (the workFile3 check).
+true > "${workFile3}"
+(
+while test -e "${workFile3}" && ! test -s "${workFile3}"; do sleep 0.1; done
+sleep 1
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034 # line is deliberately unused
+read -r line <&8
+sleep 1
+) <&- 8<"${workFile1}" &
+pid1=$!
+
+(
+while test -e "${workFile3}" && ! test -s "${workFile3}"; do sleep 0.1; done
+sleep 1
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034 # line is deliberately unused
+read -r line <&9
+sleep 1
+) <&- 9<"${workFile2}" &
+pid2=$!
+
+sleep 0.1
+"${testSubject}" -P "${workFile3}" -f -i 0.5 -d "${pid1}" "${pid2}" >/dev/null 2>"${workFile4}"
+
+# Skip the test if "-d" does not work.
+if grep -Fq ' -d: not available' "${workFile4}"; then
+	echo "no \`--watchfd' / \`-d' option on this platform"
+	exit 77
+fi
+
+# Process the output to make it easier to handle.
+# NB "ESC [ A" is "cursor up", we turn that into "-" and a newline.
+tr '\r' '\n' < "${workFile4}" | sed 's/.\[A/-!/g' | tr '!' '\n' > "${workFile1}"
+
+# We should see at least 2 file positions for fd 8.
+positionsReported="$(awk '/^[0-9 ]+: *8:/ {print $3}' < "${workFile1}" | sort -n | uniq)"
+differentNumbers="$(printf "%s\n" "${positionsReported}" | grep -Ec .)"
+if ! test "${differentNumbers}" -gt 1; then
+	printf "%s\n" "Expected at least 2 different numbers to be output for fd 8"
+	printf "%s:\n%s\n" "Positions reported" "${positionsReported}"
+	printf "%s: %s\n" "Number of different values seen" "${differentNumbers}"
+	printf "%s\n" "Raw output:"
+	cat "${workFile1}"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# We should see at least 2 file positions for fd 9.
+positionsReported="$(awk '/^[0-9 ]+: *9:/ {print $3}' < "${workFile1}" | sort -n | uniq)"
+differentNumbers="$(printf "%s\n" "${positionsReported}" | grep -Ec .)"
+if ! test "${differentNumbers}" -gt 1; then
+	printf "%s\n" "Expected at least 2 different numbers to be output for fd 9"
+	printf "%s:\n%s\n" "Positions reported" "${positionsReported}"
+	printf "%s: %s\n" "Number of different values seen" "${differentNumbers}"
+	printf "%s\n" "Raw output:"
+	cat "${workFile1}"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# We should see the last 6 characters of fd 8's filename appear.
+lastChars="$(printf "%s\n" "${workFile1}" | rev | cut -b1-6 | rev)"
+if ! grep -Fq "${lastChars}:" < "${workFile1}"; then
+	printf "%s\n" "Expected to see a filename for fd 8"
+	printf "%s\n" "Raw output:"
+	cat "${workFile1}"
+	exit 1
+fi
+# We should see the last 6 characters of fd 9's filename appear.
+lastChars="$(printf "%s\n" "${workFile2}" | rev | cut -b1-6 | rev)"
+if ! grep -Fq "${lastChars}:" < "${workFile1}"; then
+	printf "%s\n" "Expected to see a filename for fd 9"
+	printf "%s\n" "Raw output:"
+	cat "${workFile1}"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+exit 0
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ runWithValgrind () {
   ignore-initproctitle-leak
   Memcheck:Leak
   fun:malloc
-   fun:initproctitle
+   src:proctitle.c
   fun:main
 }
 EOF